1
|
Chinyere IR, Mori S, Hutchinson MD. Cardiac blood vessels and irreversible electroporation: findings from pulsed field ablation. VESSEL PLUS 2024; 8:7. [PMID: 38646143 PMCID: PMC11027649 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2023.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of irreversible electroporation in invasive cardiac laboratories, termed pulsed field ablation (PFA), is gaining early enthusiasm among electrophysiologists for the management of both atrial and ventricular arrhythmogenic substrates. Though electroporation is regularly employed in other branches of science and medicine, concerns regarding the acute and permanent vascular effects of PFA remain. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the preclinical and adult clinical data published to date on PFA's effects on pulmonary veins and coronary arteries. These data will be contrasted with the incidences of iatrogenic pulmonary vein stenosis and coronary artery injury secondary to thermal cardiac ablation modalities, namely radiofrequency energy, laser energy, and liquid nitrogen-based cryoablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikeotunye Royal Chinyere
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Banner University Medicine, Banner Health, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Shumpei Mori
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mathew D. Hutchinson
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Banner University Medicine, Banner Health, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Repp ML, Chinyere IR. Opportunities and Challenges in Catheter-Based Irreversible Electroporation for Ventricular Tachycardia. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:32-43. [PMID: 38251047 PMCID: PMC10801500 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of catheter-based irreversible electroporation in clinical cardiac laboratories, termed pulsed-field ablation (PFA), is gaining international momentum among cardiac electrophysiology proceduralists for the non-thermal management of both atrial and ventricular tachyrhythmogenic substrates. One area of potential application for PFA is in the mitigation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) risk in the setting of ischemia-mediated myocardial fibrosis, as evidenced by recently published clinical case reports. The efficacy of tissue electroporation has been documented in other branches of science and medicine; however, ventricular PFA's potential advantages and pitfalls are less understood. This comprehensive review will briefly summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying VT and then summarize the pre-clinical and adult clinical data published to date on PFA's effectiveness in treating monomorphic VT. These data will be contrasted with the effectiveness ascribed to thermal cardiac ablation modalities to treat VT, namely radiofrequency energy and liquid nitrogen-based cryoablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikeotunye Royal Chinyere
- Department of Medecine, Banner University Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Room 6154, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tellado M, De Robertis M, Montagna D, Giovannini D, Salgado S, Michinski S, Signori E, Maglietti F. Electrochemotherapy Plus IL-2+IL-12 Gene Electrotransfer in Spontaneous Inoperable Stage III-IV Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1033. [PMID: 37376422 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a standard of care in veterinary and human oncology. The treatment induces a well-characterized local immune response which is not able to induce a systemic response. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the addition of gene electrotransfer (GET) of canine IL-2 peritumorally and IL-12 intramuscularly to enhance the immune response. Thirty canine patients with inoperable oral malignant melanoma were included. Ten patients received ECT+GET as the treatment group, while twenty patients received ECT as the control group. Intravenous bleomycin for the ECT was used in both groups. All patients had compromised lymph nodes which were surgically removed. Plasma levels of interleukins, local response rate, overall survival, and progression-free survival were evaluated. The results show that IL-2 and IL-12 expression peaked around days 7-14 after transfection. Both groups showed similar local response rates and overall survival times. However, progression-free survival resulted significantly better in the ECT+GET group, which is a better indicator than overall survival, as it is not influenced by the criterion used for performing euthanasia. We can conclude that the combination of ECT+GET using IL-2 and IL-12 improves treatment outcomes by slowing down tumoral progression in stage III-IV inoperable canine oral malignant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Tellado
- VetOncologia, Veterinary Oncology Clinic, Buenos Aires 1408, Argentina
| | - Mariangela De Robertis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari 'A. Moro', 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Montagna
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Daniela Giovannini
- ENEA SSPT-TECS-TEB, Casaccia Research Center, Division of Health Protection Technology (TECS), Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Sergio Salgado
- CREOVet, Veterinary Oncology Clinic, Lima 04, Peru
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Sebastián Michinski
- Instituto de Física Interdsiciplinaria y Aplicada (INFINA), Facultad de Cs Exactas y Naturales, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Felipe Maglietti
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación Barceló-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1117, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Staelens M, Tankel G, Shankar K, Tuszyński JA. The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:139-188. [PMID: 36265200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5-10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Simone Israel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tankel
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszyński
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jones TH, Song JW, Abushahin L. Tumor treating fields: An emerging treatment modality for thoracic and abdominal cavity cancers. Transl Oncol 2022; 15:101296. [PMID: 34847422 PMCID: PMC8633677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor treating fields (TTFields)-an intermediate-frequency, electric field therapy-has emerged as a promising alternative therapy for the treatment of solid cancers. Since the first publication describing the anticancer effects of TTFields in 2004 there have been numerous follow-up studies by other groups, either to confirm the efficacy of TTFields or to study the primary mechanism of interaction. The overwhelming conclusion from these in vitro studies is that TTFields reduce the viability of aggressively replicating cell lines. However, there is still speculation as to the primary mechanism for this effect; moreover, observations both in vitro and in vivo of inhibited migration and metastases have been made, which may be unrelated to the originally proposed hypothesis of replication stress. Adding to this, the in vivo environment is much more complex spatially, structurally, and involves intricate networks of cell signaling, all of which could change the efficacy of TTFields in the same way pharmaceutical interventions often struggle transitioning in vivo. Despite this, TTFields have shown promise in clinical practice on multiple cancer types, which begs the question: has the primary mechanism carried over from in vitro to in vivo or are there new mechanisms at play? The goal of this review is to highlight the current proposed mechanism of action of TTFields based primarily on in vitro experiments and animal models, provide a summary of the clinical efficacy of TTFields, and finally, propose future directions of research to identify all possible mechanisms in vivo utilizing novel tumor-on-a-chip platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis H Jones
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201W. 19th Avenue, E406 Scott Laboratory, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Canon Drive, 1300G, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201W. 19th Avenue, E406 Scott Laboratory, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Laith Abushahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Canon Drive, 1300G, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of Electroporation on Tamoxifen Delivery in Estrogen Receptor Positive (ER+) Human Breast Carcinoma Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 75:103-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Preliminary report of new antitumor treatment. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy as a novel treatment of spinal metastasis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Electrochemotherapy is a new antitumor treatment that combines systemic bleomycin with electric pulses delivered locally at the tumor site. These electric pulses permeabilize cell membranes in the tissue, allow bleomycin delivery diffusion inside the cells, and increase bleomycin cytotoxicity. Previous clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy in the treatment of several primary and metastatic solid tumors. METHODS Treatment planning for electrode positioning and electrical pulse parameters was prepared for 4 needle electrodes. Mini-open surgery with a left L5 laminectomy was performed to introduce the eletrodes. The patient was treated according to the established Electrochemotherapy Protocol with Bleomycin. Clinical efficacy of electrochemotherapy was evaluated according to a visual analog scale of pain, Oswestry Disability Index 2.0, the Karnofsky Performance Scale, and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. RESULTS The assessed follow-up period was 48 months after the electrochemotherapy procedure. Neither serious electrochemotherapy-related adverse events, nor bleomycin toxicity were reported. Overall improvement in pain according to Oswestry Disability Index 2.0 and Karnofsky Performance Scale outcomes was better. CONCLUSION Our case represents, to our knowledge, the first one to test the potential role of electrochemotherapy as treatment of spinal metastasis. Electrochemotherapy allowed a successful treatment of metastatic spinal melanoma. However, we believe that there is a strong scientific rationale to support the potential utility of electrochemotherapy as a novel treatment of spinal metastasis, regardless of the histological types. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rossmeisl JH, Garcia PA, Roberston JL, Ellis TL, Davalos RV. Pathology of non-thermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE)-induced ablation of the canine brain. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:433-40. [PMID: 23820168 PMCID: PMC3885737 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.4.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the neuropathologic features of normal canine brain ablated with non-thermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE). The parietal cerebral cortices of four dogs were treated with N-TIRE using a dose-escalation protocol with an additional dog receiving sham treatment. Animals were allowed to recover following N-TIRE ablation and the effects of treatment were monitored with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Brains were subjected to histopathologic and ultrastructural assessment along with Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 immunohistochemical staining following sacrifice 72 h post-treatment. Adverse clinical effects of N-TIRE were only observed in the dog treated at the upper energy tier. MRI and neuropathologic examinations indicated that N-TIRE ablation resulted in focal regions of severe cytoarchitectural and blood-brain-barrier disruption. Lesion size correlated to the intensity of the applied electrical field. N-TIRE-induced lesions were characterized by parenchymal necrosis and hemorrhage; however, large blood vessels were preserved. A transition zone containing parenchymal edema, perivascular inflammatory cuffs, and reactive gliosis was interspersed between the necrotic focus and normal neuropil. Apoptotic labeling indices were not different between the N-TIRE-treated and control brains. This study identified N-TIRE pulse parameters that can be used to safely create circumscribed foci of brain necrosis while selectively preserving major vascular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Local intense cellular electric fields and their relevance in the computational modeling of biochemical reactions. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1873-5. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
10
|
Abstract
Facilitated/modulated drug-delivery systems have emerged as a possible solution for delivery of drugs of interest to pre-allocated sites at predetermined doses for predefined periods of time. Over the past decade, the use of different physical methods and mechanisms to mediate drug release and delivery has grown significantly. This emerging area of research has important implications for development of new therapeutic drugs for efficient treatments. This review aims to introduce and describe different modalities of physically facilitating drug-delivery systems that are currently in use for cancer and other diseases therapy. In particular, delivery methods based on ultrasound, electrical, magnetic and photo modulations are highlighted. Current uses and areas of improvement for these different physically facilitating drug-delivery systems are discussed. Furthermore, the main advantages and drawbacks of these technologies reviewed are compared. The review ends with a speculative viewpoint of how research is expected to evolve in the upcoming years.
Collapse
|
11
|
de Bree R, Tijink BM, van Groeningen CJ, Leemans CR. Electroporation therapy in soft tissue sarcoma: a potentially effective novel treatment. Sarcoma 2011; 2006:85234. [PMID: 17251660 PMCID: PMC1557797 DOI: 10.1155/srcm/2006/85234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Examination of the potential of electroporation
therapy (EPT) in a patient with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma.
Patient. A 24-year-old male who underwent extensive
resection and postoperative radiotherapy for a malignant
peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the right infratemporal fossa
with intracranial extension and invasion of the maxillary sinus
and mandible had a recurrence in the scar of his craniotomy for
which he was initially treated with doxorubicin. After
discontinuation of doxorubicin he developed a metastatic mass at
the same site for which he was treated with electroporation
therapy. Method. The subcutaneous metastasis was
infiltrated with bleomycin and electroporated. Results.
Gradually the tumor became increasingly necrotic and demarcated
from surrounding tissue. After 10 weeks no tumor was seen anymore.
The wound healed secondarily. Discussion. Intralesional
bleomycin followed by EPT is potentially effective, well
tolerated, and easy to perform in well accessible soft tissue
sarcoma sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remco de Bree
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), De Boelelaan 1117,
1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- *Remco de Bree:
| | - Bernard M. Tijink
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), De Boelelaan 1117,
1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J. van Groeningen
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - C. René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), De Boelelaan 1117,
1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ellis TL, Garcia PA, Rossmeisl JH, Henao-Guerrero N, Robertson J, Davalos RV. Nonthermal irreversible electroporation for intracranial surgical applications. J Neurosurg 2011; 114:681-8. [DOI: 10.3171/2010.5.jns091448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is a novel, minimally invasive technique to treat cancer, which is unique because of its nonthermal mechanism of tumor ablation. This paper evaluates the safety of an NTIRE procedure to lesion normal canine brain tissue.
Methods
The NTIRE procedure involved placing electrodes into a targeted area of brain in 3 dogs and delivering a series of short and intense electric pulses. The voltages of the pulses applied were varied between dogs. Another dog was used as a sham control. One additional dog was treated at an extreme voltage to determine the upper safety limits of the procedure. Ultrasonography was used at the time of the procedure to determine if the lesions could be visualized intraoperatively. The volumes of ablated tissue were then estimated on postprocedure MR imaging. Histological brain sections were then analyzed to evaluate the lesions produced.
Results
The animals tolerated the procedure with no apparent complications except for the animal that was treated at the upper voltage limit. The lesion volume appeared to decrease with decreasing voltage of applied pulses. Histological examination revealed cell death within the treated volume with a submillimeter transition zone between necrotic and normal brain.
Conclusions
The authors' results reveal that NTIRE at selected voltages can be safely administered in normal canine brain and that the volume of ablated tissue correlates with the voltage of the applied pulses. This preliminary study is the first step toward using NTIRE as a brain cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Ellis
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paulo A. Garcia
- 2Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University
| | | | | | - John Robertson
- 3Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; and
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- 2Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University
- 4Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Landström FJ, Nilsson COS, Crafoord S, Reizenstein JA, Adamsson GBM, Löfgren LA. Electroporation therapy of skin cancer in the head and neck area. Dermatol Surg 2010; 36:1245-50. [PMID: 20666812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroporation therapy is a new cancer treatment modality in which a locally applied electrical field enhances cell membrane permeability, allowing greater intracellular accumulation of a chemotherapeutic agent. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of electroporation therapy in treating basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six patients with skin cancer of the head and neck were treated using electroporation therapy with intratumorally injected bleomycin. Orbital growth, facial nerve proximity, or proximity to cartilage of the external meatus complicated four of these tumors. The intention was curative. The follow-up period was 24 months and included biopsies after 8 weeks. RESULTS In four of the six patients, one treatment was enough to eradicate the tumor. In one patient, the tumor persisted even after a second treatment with electroporation therapy. A septal cartilage perforation was the only major complication. The cosmetic results were very satisfactory. One additional recurrence was recorded 6 months after the follow-up period CONCLUSION Electroporation therapy is a promising new cancer treatment that should be further evaluated as an alternative to surgery, especially in complicated skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik J Landström
- Department of Otolaryngology, Orebro University Hospital, A-building, SE-701 85, Orebro, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dev SB, Nanda GS, An Z, Wang X, Hoffman RM, Hofmann GA. Effective Electroporation Therapy of Human Pancreatic Tumors Implanted in Nude Mice. Drug Deliv 2008; 4:293-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10717549709052016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Luxembourg A, Evans CF, Hannaman D. Electroporation-based DNA immunisation: translation to the clinic. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:1647-64. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.11.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
This is a brief introduction to the emerging field of irreversible electroporation in medicine. Certain electrical fields when applied across a cell can have as a sole effect the permeabilization of the cell membrane, presumable through the formation of nanoscale defects in the cell membrane. Sometimes this process leads to cell death, primarily when the electrical fields cause permanent permeabilization of the membrane and the consequent loss of cell homeostasis, in a process known as irreversible electroporation. This is an unusual mode of cell death that is not understood yet. While the phenomenon of irreversible electroporation may have been known for centuries it has become only recently rigorously considered in medicine for various applications of tissue ablation. A brief historical perspective of irreversible electroporation is presented and recent studies in the field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a new method that uses anticancer drugs delivery with intensive electrical pulses. Recently, ECT as the treatment method can be applied for basal cell and spin cell carcinoma and for melanoma metastases. In this paper, a new design of a high voltage pulse generator with variable output pulse magnitude, repetition frequency, and pulse duration is presented. Furthermore, it has presented the basic theory of ECT, the importance/advantages against other cancer treatment methods, the theoretical model of electroporated cell membrane, and the application ways of ECT method. The proposed instrument is suitable for effective drug delivery of ECT in anti-tumor treatment. Also, this instrument can be applied to gene transfer/therapy methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Tokmakçi
- Erciyes University, HB Health Services Vocational School Biomedical Device Technology program, Kayseri, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Electrochemotherapy for rat implanted liver tumour. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200604020-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
19
|
Banga AK. New Technologies to Allow Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins and Small Water-Soluble Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2165/00137696-200604040-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
20
|
White JA, Blackmore PF, Schoenbach KH, Beebe SJ. Stimulation of Capacitative Calcium Entry in HL-60 Cells by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:22964-72. [PMID: 15026420 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311135200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are hypothesized to affect intracellular structures in living cells providing a new means to modulate cell signal transduction mechanisms. The effects of nsPEFs on the release of internal calcium and activation of calcium influx in HL-60 cells were investigated by using real time fluorescent microscopy with Fluo-3 and fluorometry with Fura-2. nsPEFs induced an increase in intracellular calcium levels that was seen in all cells. With pulses of 60 ns duration and electric fields between 4 and 15 kV/cm, intracellular calcium increased 200-700 nM, respectively, above basal levels (approximately 100 nM), while the uptake of propidium iodide was absent. This suggests that increases in intracellular calcium were not because of plasma membrane electroporation. nsPEF and the purinergic agonist UTP induced calcium mobilization in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium with similar kinetics and appeared to target the same inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate- and thapsigargin-sensitive calcium pools in the endoplasmic reticulum. For cells exposed to either nsPEF or UTP in the absence of extracellular calcium, there was an electric field-dependent or UTP dose-dependent increase in capacitative calcium entry when calcium was added to the extracellular media. These findings suggest that nsPEFs, like ligand-mediated responses, release calcium from similar internal calcium pools and thus activate plasma membrane calcium influx channels or capacitative calcium entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody A White
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Old Dominion University and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dev SB, Dhar D, Krassowska W. Electric field of a six-needle array electrode used in drug and DNA delivery in vivo: analytical versus numerical solution. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2003; 50:1296-300. [PMID: 14620000 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2003.818467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present an analytical solution for the electrical potential and field established by a six-needle array electroporation electrode, which is used in vivo for cancer treatment and DNA delivery. The analytical solution closely matches the numerical solution obtained with the finite element method: the mean error is less than 0.6%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu B Dev
- Gene Delivery & Expression Sciences, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Beebe SJ, Fox PM, Rec LJ, Willis ELK, Schoenbach KH. Nanosecond, high-intensity pulsed electric fields induce apoptosis in human cells. FASEB J 2003; 17:1493-5. [PMID: 12824299 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0859fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation by using pulsed electric fields with long durations compared with the charging time of the plasma membrane can induce cell fusion or introduce xenomolecules into cells. Nanosecond pulse power technology generates pulses with high-intensity electric fields, but with such short durations that the charging time of the plasma membrane is not reached, but intracellular membranes are affected. To determine more specifically their effects on cell structure and function, human cells were exposed to high intensity (up to 300 kV/cm) nanosecond (10-300 ns) pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) and were analyzed at the cellular and molecular levels. As the pulse duration decreased, plasma membrane electroporation decreased and appearances of apoptosis markers were delayed. NsPEF induced apoptosis within tens of minutes, depending on the pulse duration. Annexin-V binding, caspase activation, decreased forward light scatter, and cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm were coincident. Apoptosis was caspase- and mitochondria-dependent but independent of plasma membrane electroporation and thermal changes. The results suggest that with decreasing pulse durations, nsPEF modulate cell signaling from the plasma membrane to intracellular structures and functions. NsPEF technology provides a unique, high-power, energy-independent tool to recruit plasma membrane and/or intracellular signaling mechanisms that can delete aberrant cells by apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Beebe
- Center for Pediatric Research, 855 W. Brambleton Ave., Norfolk, VA 23510, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kitamura A. Bleomycin-mediated electrochemotherapy in mouse NR-S1 carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2003; 51:359-62. [PMID: 12721764 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-002-0555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2002] [Accepted: 10/18/2002] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether or not low-voltage electrochemotherapy has cell killing effects. MATERIALS Dorsally transplanted NR-S1 carcinomas in mice were stimulated with electric pulses (40 V/cm) after bleomycin (1 microg/g) had been injected around them. The tumors were fixed with a forceps electrode and electroporation was carried out three times a day for 4 days per week for 2 weeks. RESULTS After 8 weeks of experimentation, the tumor had disappeared in four of the ten mice. The cell killing effects were mainly apoptosis and necrosis. CONCLUSION Electroporation should be clinically introduced into the cosmetic and functional treatment of the head and neck region. Further investigation is also necessary to determine suitable carcinostatic agents and clarify the electric pulse conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kitamura
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, 852-8588 Nagasaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The application of high-voltage pulses to biological tissue causes not only electroporation, a non-thermal phenomenon of pore creation within a lipid membrane due to an elevated electric field, but also significant heating. Once a biological membrane is porated, the current density increases several times, causing Joule heating. A combined experimental and theoretical study is reported. The theoretical temperature rise for a 1.25 kV cm(-1), 6 ms pulse is about 11.2 K for a tissue conductivity of 0.5 S m(-1) (i.e. myocardial tissue) during high-voltage application. Owing to the inhomogeneous electric field obtained with the use of needle electrodes, the temperature rises first at the electrodes, where the field strength reaches a maximum. Only for highly conductive tissue such as muscle was a temperature effect primarily observed in the bulk. Even if the temperature effect is biologically insignificant, it can affect the creation of stabile aqueous pathways by electroporation. The calculation of temperature distribution during high-voltage application, taking the electric field strength and the heat transfer into account, can be a useful tool for electrode optimisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Pliquett
- University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee SC, Wu CJ, Wu PY, Huang YL, Wu CW, Tao MH. Inhibition of established subcutaneous and metastatic murine tumors by intramuscular electroporation of the interleukin-12 gene. J Biomed Sci 2003; 10:73-86. [PMID: 12566989 DOI: 10.1007/bf02256000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2002] [Accepted: 07/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo electroporation (EP) of the murine interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene in an expression plasmid (pIL-12) was evaluated for antitumor activity. EP transfer of pIL-12 into mouse quadriceps muscles elicited significant levels of serum IL-12 and interferon-gamma. Intramuscular EP of pIL-12 resulted in complete regression or substantial inhibition of 38C13 B-cell lymphoma, whereas pIL-12 delivered by gene gun or intramuscular injection without EP showed little therapeutic effect. Impressive antitumor activity by intramuscular EP was also demonstrated in animals with advanced malignant disease. At day 14 after 38C13 tumor inoculation, all animals were found to carry large tumors and to have metastases; without treatment, most died within a week. A single intramuscular EP of pIL-12 resulted in regression of 50% of large subcutaneous tumors and significantly prolonged the lifespan of these animals. Moreover, animals that were previously cured of 38C13 tumors by in vivo EP treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth when challenged 60 days later. In vivo EP of the IL-12 gene was also effective in suppressing subcutaneous and lung metastatic tumors of CT-26 colon adenocarcinoma and B16F1 melanoma cells. Together, these results show that intramuscular electrotransfer of the IL-12 gene may represent a simple and effective strategy for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Chih Lee
- National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nakashima M, Mizunuma K, Murakami T, Akamine A. Induction of dental pulp stem cell differentiation into odontoblasts by electroporation-mediated gene delivery of growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11). Gene Ther 2002; 9:814-8. [PMID: 12040463 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2001] [Accepted: 02/05/2002] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The long-term goal of dental treatment is to preserve teeth and prolong their function. In dental caries an efficient method is to cap the exposed dental pulp and conserve the pulp tissue with reparative dentin. We examined whether growth/differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a morphogen could enhance the healing potential of pulp tissue to induce differentiation of pulp stem cells into odontoblasts by electroporation-mediated gene delivery. Recombinant human GDF11 induced the expression of dentin sialoprotein (Dsp), a differentiation marker for odontoblasts, in mouse dental papilla mesenchyme in organ culture. The Gdf11 cDNA plasmid which was transferred into mesenchymal cells derived from mouse dental papilla by electroporation, induced the expression of Dsp. The in vivo transfer of Gdf11 by electroporation stimulated the reparative dentin formation during pulpal wound healing in canine teeth. These results provide the scientific basis and rationale for gene therapy for endodontic treatments in oral medicine and dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Oral Molecular Biology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Goldberg EP, Hadba AR, Almond BA, Marotta JS. Intratumoral cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy: opportunities for nonsystemic preoperative drug delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:159-80. [PMID: 11848280 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021778268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent literature documents the growing interest in local intratumoral chemotherapy as well as systemic preoperative chemotherapy with evidence for improved outcomes using these therapeutic modalities. Nevertheless, with few exceptions, the conventional wisdom and standard of care for clinical and surgical oncology remains surgery followed by radiation and/or systemic chemotherapy, as deemed appropriate based on clinical findings. This, in spite of the fact that the toxicity of conventional systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy affords limited effectiveness and frequently compromises the quality of life for patients. Indeed, with systemic chemotherapy, the oncologist (and the patient) often walks a fine line between attempting tumour remission with prolonged survival and damaging the patient's vital functions to the point of death. In this context, it has probably been obvious for more than 100 years, due in part to the pioneering work of Ehrlich (1878), that targeted or localized drug delivery should be a major goal of chemotherapy. However, there is still only limited clinical use of nonsystemic intratumoral chemotherapy for even those high mortality cancers which are characterized by well defined primary lesions i.e. breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, and skin. There has been a proliferation of intratumoral chemotherapy and immunotherapy research during the past two to three years. It is therefore the objective of this review to focus much more attention upon intratumoral therapeutic concepts which could limit adverse systemic events and which might combine clinically feasible methods for localized preoperative chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy with surgery. Since our review of intratumoral chemoimmunotherapy almost 20 years ago (McLaughlin & Goldberg 1983), there have been few comprehensive reviews of this field; only one of broad scope (Brincker 1993), three devoted specifically to gliomas (Tomita 1991; Walter et al. 1995; Haroun & Brem 2000), one on hepatomas (Venook 2000), one concerning veterinary applications (Theon 1998), and one older review of dermatological applications (Goette 1981). However, none have shed light on practical opportunities for combining intratumoral therapy with subsequent surgical resection. Given the state-of-the-art in clinical and surgical oncology, and the advances that have been made in intratumoral drug delivery, minimally invasive tumour access i.e. fine needle biopsy, new drugs and drug delivery systems, and preoperative chemotherapy, it is timely to present a review of studies which may suggest future opportunities for safer, more effective, and clinically practical non-systemic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene P Goldberg
- Biomaterials Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rodríguez-Cuevas S, Barroso-Bravo S, Almanza-Estrada J, Cristóbal-Martínez L, González-Rodríguez E. Electrochemotherapy in primary and metastatic skin tumors: phase II trial using intralesional bleomycin. Arch Med Res 2001; 32:273-6. [PMID: 11440782 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(01)00278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery and/or radiotherapy are the elective therapies for most primary skin cancers. Nevertheless, some patients develop recurrences, and chemotherapy has resulted in poor complete responses. Permeabilization of the cell membrane by electric pulses allows bleomycin to enter into the cell, increasing possibility of cytotoxicity. METHODS From November 1998 through November 1999, 15 patients with 38 skin lesions participated in a phase II prospective clinical trial, using intralesional bleomycin plus electric pulses delivered 10 min after bleomycin injection, which lasted 100 microsec each at field strength of 1,300 V/cm and a frequency of 1 Hz. There were basal cell carcinomas (BCC) (nine lesions), in-transit metastasis of melanoma (MM) (two patients/13 nodules), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract metastatic to the skin (two patients/two nodules), and skin metastases from breast cancer (two patients/14 nodules). Mean follow-up was 8.6 months. RESULTS Overall objective responses were 98%, with complete responses achieved in 49%, partial responses in 49%, and no responses in 2%. No complications were documented related to the treatment and tolerance was adequate. CONCLUSIONS Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a new cancer modality of treatment that is effective in a variety of skin cancers. This treatment represents an excellent alternative to standard surgery or radiotherapy, with an outpatient-based treatment applied in one to three sessions. The major impact was obtained in BBC, but ECT is a useful palliative therapy in melanoma, breast cancer, or SCC. More experience and longer follow-up are required to determine long-term results.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Bleomycin/administration & dosage
- Bleomycin/pharmacokinetics
- Bleomycin/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cell Membrane Permeability
- Electroporation
- Facial Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Facial Neoplasms/secondary
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intralesional
- Male
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/secondary
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Contraction
- Palliative Care
- Remission Induction
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/secondary
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rodríguez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Tumores de Cabeza, Cuello y Piel, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Allegretti JP, Panje WR. Electroporation therapy for head and neck cancer including carotid artery involvement. Laryngoscope 2001; 111:52-6. [PMID: 11192900 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200101000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Electroporation therapy with intralesional bleomycin (EPT) is a novel, technically simple outpatient technique in which high-voltage electric impulses delivered into a neoplasm transiently increase cell membrane permeability to large molecules, including cytotoxic agents, causing localized progressive necrosis. Unlike many laser ablation methods, EPT can treat bulky tumors (>2 cm) with complete penetration. Our recent publication confirms an excellent response rate in the use of EPT in a clinical trial. STUDY DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND METHODS Following our initial prospective study report in 1998, we have followed our entire initial cohort (10 patients) of patients with head and neck cancer beyond 24-months follow-up. Additionally, we have used this approach to treat four additional patients (total: 9 males/5 females) with upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma, including three with internal carotid artery (ICA) involvement up to or within the skull base. Two patients underwent preoperative balloon test occlusion with cerebral perfusion studies followed by carotid embolization. EPT was then done safely at least 2 weeks later to avoid the temporary hypercoagulable state. RESULTS Within the overall cohort (14 patients) 6 patients had a complete response, 6 had a partial response, and 2 did not respond (overall 85.7% response rate). Both patients with ICA involvement had a partial or complete response to treatment; neither patient had a hemorrhagic or neurologic complication. Overall, 13 of the 14 patients were treated for persistent or recurrent head and neck cancer. Two of the four patients with early recurrent stage tumors had no evidence of recurrence after EPT with an average follow-up of 31.5 months. The overall early stage tumor group had four complete responders out of five (80%). On the contrary, only 2 of 9 patients with advanced recurrent stage tumors were disease-free at 18 months. Morbidity was low for early stage tumors, but higher for advanced tumors with complications, including poor wound healing, dysphagia, and osteomyelitis. There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION We found EPT to be safe and efficacious in patients with head and neck cancer, even with internal carotid artery involvement. Patients with early stage recurrences have the potential for prolonged survival beyond 2 years without the morbidity of surgery and radiation or toxicity of systemic chemotherapy. Because of its superb access qualities even for bulky tumors, EPT is a potential method of delivery for other tumoricidal agents such as in genetic-altering schemes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Ambulatory Care
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Bleomycin/administration & dosage
- Bleomycin/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carotid Arteries
- Carotid Artery Diseases/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery, Internal/drug effects
- Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects
- Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology
- Cohort Studies
- Electroporation
- Embolization, Therapeutic
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Humans
- Injections, Intralesional
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Necrosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prospective Studies
- Remission Induction
- Survival Rate
- Treatment Outcome
- Vascular Neoplasms/drug therapy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Allegretti
- Department of Otolaryngology, Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The hypothesis that the activating function drives transmembrane voltage changes (delta Vm) has been tested in hearts. Optical delta Vm were measured during activating functions produced with nonuniform and uniform transparent electrodes. When a nonuniform electrode was used to produce [equation: see text], the signs of delta Vm and [equation: see text] matched. The extracellular voltage gradients, often assumed important, did not predict delta Vm. When a uniform electrode was used to eliminate [equation: see text], the signs of delta Vm matched the signs of [equation: see text] estimated from variations in heart width. Demonstration of the activating function as a determinant of stimulation may improve research and therapy that use electric stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Knisley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-0019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Panje WR, Sadeghi N. Endoscopic and electroporation therapy of paranasal sinus tumors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2000; 14:187-91. [PMID: 10887626 DOI: 10.2500/105065800782102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of endoscopic and electroporation therapy for the treatment of sinonasal carcinomas. Electroporation therapy is a technique that combines intralesional injection of bleomycin combined with application of high-voltage square wave electrical impulse into the tumor. A transient increase in cell membrane permeability allows intracellular entry of bleomycin, with subsequent cytotoxicity. Two cases of sinonasal cancer were treated with this technique. One patient had complete response and is free of disease at 20 months. The other had partial response with control of the disease up to a year. Endoscopic electroporation therapy is potentially a minimally invasive method for the treatment of sinonasal malignancies in an experimental setting where other treatment options do not exist. Phase II/III national clinical trials have been initiated to study the efficacy of electroporation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W R Panje
- University Head and Neck Associates, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Omura S, Tsuyuki Y, Ohta S, Li X, Bukawa H, Fujita K. Rapid tumor necrosis induced by electrochemotherapy with intratumoral injection of bleomycin in a hamster tongue cancer model. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0901-5027(00)80008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Goto T, Nishi T, Tamura T, Dev SB, Takeshima H, Kochi M, Yoshizato K, Kuratsu J, Sakata T, Hofmann GA, Ushio Y. Highly efficient electro-gene therapy of solid tumor by using an expression plasmid for the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:354-9. [PMID: 10618422 PMCID: PMC26667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.1.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report successful electro-gene therapy (EGT) by using plasmid DNA for tumor-bearing mice. Subcutaneously inoculated CT26 tumor was subjected to EGT, which consists of intratumoral injection of a naked plasmid encoding a marker gene or a therapeutic gene, followed by in vivo electroporation (EP). When this treatment modality is carried out with the plasmid DNA for the green fluorescent protein gene, followed by in vivo EP with the optimized pulse parameters, numerous intensely bright green fluorescent signals appeared within the tumor. EGT, by using the "A" fragment of the diphtheria toxin gene significantly inhibited the growth of tumors, by about 30%, on the flank of mice. With the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, followed by systemic injection of ganciclovir, EGT was far more effective in retarding tumor growth, varying between 50% and 90%, compared with the other controls. Based on these results, it appears that EGT can be used successfully for treating murine solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Goto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Persson BRR. Applications and Control of High Voltage Pulse Delivery for Tumor Therapy and Gene Therapy in vivo. ADVANCES IN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN LIVING SYSTEMS 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4203-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Omura S, Tsuyuki Y, Ohta S, Bukawa H, Fujita K. In vivo antitumor effects of electrochemotherapy in a tongue cancer model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 57:965-72. [PMID: 10437724 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(99)90019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the in vivo antitumor effects of electrochemotherapy (ECT) using electroporation and bleomycin in a hamster tongue cancer model to assess its clinical applicability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty animals with chemically induced tongue cancer were divided into four experimental groups designated B-E-, B-E+, B+E-, and B+E+. The B+E+ and B+E- groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 100 microg bleomycin. Fifteen minutes after the injection, the B+E+ animals received electric pulses. The B-E+ group received only electric pulses. The B-E- group received neither bleomycin nor electric pulses. Each group received the same treatment twice. The antitumor effects were assessed based on tumor volume reduction and histologic findings. RESULTS The B+E+ group showed remarkable tumor volume reduction, decreasing an average to 8.8% of its original volume 14 days after the treatment. Complete loss of the protruding tumor was observed in two of the five animals. Histologically, the tumors of the B+E+ group consisted of severely degenerated tumor cells and desquamative keratinizing cells. No living cancer cells were detected in three animals. The B+E-, B-E+, and B-E- groups showed progressive tumor growth, exceeding 200% of initial tumor volume during the experimental period. CONCLUSION The current study showed remarkable antitumor effects of ECT with bleomycin in the hamster tongue cancer model. ECT with bleomycin may be clinically applicable to the treatment of oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Omura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oshima Y, Sakamoto T, Nakamura T, Tahara Y, Goto Y, Ishibashi T, Inomata H. The comparative benefits of glaucoma filtering surgery with an electric-pulse targeted drug delivery system demonstrated in an animal model. Ophthalmology 1999; 106:1140-6. [PMID: 10366083 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(99)90249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of glaucoma filtering surgery performed with the adjunctive use of bleomycin administered in conjunction with electric pulses (EP). DESIGN Experimental study in rabbits. CONTROLS AND METHODS: Trabeculectomies were performed on pigmented rabbits (2 to 2.5 kg) using the following adjunctive treatments: 5 microM of topical bleomycin and EP (5V, 50 msec, 8 pulses) (group A: B+E+, n=15); bleomycin but no EP (group B: B+E-, n=15); 5 ,uM mitomycin C (MMC) and EP (group C: M+E+, n= 10); MMC but no EP (group D: M+E-, n=10); EP alone (group E: E+, n=10); and no adjunctive treatment (group F: E-, negative control, n=10). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured regularly for 60 days after the operation. Bleb formation and the condition of the conjunctiva, cornea, and retina were also regularly evaluated. Histologic studies were performed by light microscopy, and retinal functions were evaluated by electroretinography. RESULTS Postoperative IOP was significantly lower than the preoperative level in all the animals until day 7. However, in groups E and F (the negative control) it returned to the preoperative level after day 7, and in groups B, C, and D after 15 days. The IOP of group A remained lower even on day 40. The average amount IOP was lowered or increased on day 20 was -6.4 mmHg (P < 0.05) in group A; -0.2 mmHg in group B; +1.2 mmHg in group C; and -3.25 mmHg in group D. The survival rate of the filtering blebs on day 20 was significantly higher in group A than in the other groups. Clinical and histologic studies uncovered no pathologic findings in any intra- or paraocular tissues. Electroretinographic evaluation of retinal function in group A showed no apparent change over the 60 days of the study. CONCLUSION Glaucoma filtering surgery in rabbits with the adjunctive use of bleomycin in conjunction with EP significantly lowered IOP for up to 40 days without clinically, morphologically, or functionally harming intraocular tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hofmann GA, Dev SB, Dimmer S, Nanda GS. Electroporation therapy: a new approach for the treatment of head and neck cancer. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1999; 46:752-9. [PMID: 10356882 DOI: 10.1109/10.764952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation can deliver exogenous molecules like drugs and genes into cells by pulsed electric fields through a temporary increase in cell membrane permeability. This effect is being used for the treatment of cancer by intratumoral injection of low dosage of an otherwise marginally effective chemotherapeutic drug, bleomycin. Application of a pulsed electric field results in substantially higher uptake of the drug and enhanced killing of the cancer cells than is possible by conventional methods. The MedPulser, a new treatment system for local electroporation therapy (EPT) of head and neck tumors was developed and is described in this paper. EPT with bleomycin has been found to be very effective in killing cancer cells in vitro, in mouse tumor xenografts in vivo, and in tumors in humans. Ten head and neck cancer patients with recurring or unresponsive tumors were enrolled in a Phase I/II clinical trial. Treatment of the entire tumor mass in each of eight patients resulted in five complete responses confirmed by biopsy and MRI, and three partial responses (> or = 50% shrinkage). Two additional patients who received partial treatment of their tumor mass had local response where treated, but no overall lesion remission. Duration of the complete responses ranges from 2-10 months to date. All patients tolerated the treatment well with no significant local or systemic adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Hofmann
- Genetronics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The techniques of iontophoresis and electroporation can be used to enhance topical and transdermal drug delivery. Iontophoresis applies a small low voltage (typically 10 V or less) continuous constant current (typically 0.5 mA/cm2 or less) to push a charged drug into skin or other tissue. In contrast, electroporation applies a high voltage (typically, ?100 V) pulse for a very short (micros-ms) duration to permeabilize the skin. This electric assistance of drug delivery across skin will expand the scope of transdermal delivery to hydrophilic macromolecules such as the drugs of biotechnology. These two techniques differ in several aspects such as the mode of application and pathways of transport but can be used together for effective drug delivery. Iontophoresis is already used clinically in physical therapy clinics and is close to commercialization for development of a systemic delivery patch with miniaturized circuits and similar in overall size to a passive patch. The use of electroporation for drug delivery is relatively new and is being actively researched.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Banga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341-4155, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Uemura N, Nakamura K, Ishii Y, Matsukubo S, Nyu S, Nakano S. Electrical stimulation prolongs the survival days of leukemic mice treated with methotrexate. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1999; 79:269-74. [PMID: 10230853 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.79.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate effects of electrical stimulation on survival days of leukemic mice treated with methotrexate (MTX), L1210-bearing mice were treated by MTX and calcium folinate (leucovorin) rescue therapy (MTX: 400 mg/kg, followed by leucovorin at the dose of 7.5 mg/kg at 8, 15 and 24 hr after MTX) under electrical stimulation (foot shock: shock amplitude, 0.4 mA; voltage, 60-100 V/cm; shock duration, 5 sec; frequency, 0.5 Hz) of various lengths. The survival days were significantly prolonged by 6-hr electrical stimulation in combination with MTX, while plasma MTX concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters such as the area under the curve (AUC-12 hr) and clearance (CL) were not significantly altered. Psychological stress did not alter the efficacy of MTX in the communication box paradigm. Amplified efficacy of MTX was shown in a length-dependent manner when electrical stimulation of various lengths were applied to L1210-bearing mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Uemura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oita Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Brandisky K, Daskalov I. Electrical field and current distributions in electrochemotherapy. BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND BIOENERGETICS (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 1999; 48:201-8. [PMID: 10228588 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(98)00232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is a method for cancer treatment consisting in combining intratumor injection of cytotoxic agent with the application of intensive electrical stimuli. Thus transient cell membranes permeabilization is created, allowing the agent to better exercise its destroying effect. Positive results have been published in the treatment of cutaneous malignant formations and other types of cancer are under consideration. The electrode configurations presently used are based mainly on empirical treatment results. In vivo imaging of stimulation currents was attempted in animal models. A preliminary study revealed that having in view the relatively high voltages and currents, there was a virtually resistive load to the electrical source. Assuming a homogeneous medium, potential and current distributions were modeled and studied. The results could help in selection of specific electrode designs, depending on tumor size and location. An optimization of the voltages and/or currents by different electrode arrays can lead to obtaining desired field distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Brandisky
- Technical University of Sofia, Department of Electrical Engineering, Bulgaria
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Daskalov I, Mudrov N, Peycheva E. Exploring new instrumentation parameters for electrochemotherapy. Attacking tumors with bursts of biphasic pulses instead of single pulses. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE : THE QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF THE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY SOCIETY 1999; 18:62-6. [PMID: 9934602 DOI: 10.1109/51.740982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Daskalov
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Banga AK, Prausnitz MR. Assessing the potential of skin electroporation for the delivery of protein- and gene-based drugs. Trends Biotechnol 1998; 16:408-12. [PMID: 9807837 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7799(98)01238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although transdermal drug delivery has many potential advantages, the permeability of skin to macromolecules is extremely low. However, the application of short, high-voltage pulses to electroporate skin has recently been shown to make it reversibly permeable. A number of studies have demonstrated that electroporation-mediated transdermal delivery of peptides, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides and genes may be possible at clinically relevant rates, leading to the current commercial development of electroporation techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Banga
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Panje WR, Hier MP, Garman GR, Harrell E, Goldman A, Bloch I. Electroporation therapy of head and neck cancer. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1998; 107:779-85. [PMID: 9749548 DOI: 10.1177/000348949810700908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of electroporation therapy and present our results from using this new technique combined with intralesional bleomycin in head and neck cancer patients. Electroporation therapy is a technique wherein high-voltage electric impulses delivered into a neoplasm transiently increase cell membrane permeability to large molecules, including cytotoxic agents. In this phase I/II study, extremely low-dose bleomycin sulfate was electroporated into head and neck malignant neoplasms in 10 patients. Tumor responses included 2 nonresponders, 3 partial responders, and 5 complete responders, with a mean follow-up of 40 weeks. We conclude that this technique offers promising possibilities in the local treatment of head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W R Panje
- Department of Otolaryngology, Rush Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Heller R, Jaroszeski MJ, Reintgen DS, Puleo CA, DeConti RC, Gilbert RA, Glass LF. Treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors with electrochemotherapy using intralesional bleomycin. Cancer 1998; 83:148-57. [PMID: 9655305 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980701)83:1<148::aid-cncr20>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is performed by locally administering a chemotherapeutic agent in combination with electric pulses. Previous clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ECT. In these initial trials, the drug was administered intravenously, followed by administration of electric pulses directly to the tumor. This study was initiated to determine whether an intralesional injection of the drug in combination with electric pulses could provide an improved result. A group of 34 patients was studied. METHODS The dose of intralesional bleomycin was based on tumor volume. This was followed 10 minutes later by 6 or 8 99-microsec pulses of electricity at an amplitude of 1.3 kV/cm. Both the bleomycin and the electric pulses were administered after 1% lidocaine with epinephrine solution was injected around the treatment site. RESULTS All patients responded to the treatment. Responses were observed in 142 (99%) of 143 metastatic nodules or primary tumors within 12 weeks, with complete responses observed in 130 (91%) of the nodules. No complete responses were observed in nodules treated with bleomycin only or electric pulses only. Random biopsies confirmed the clinical findings. All patients tolerated the procedure well, and no significant side effects were noted. Muscle contraction was evident during administration of each electric pulse but promptly subsided after the pulse. CONCLUSIONS ECT was shown to be an effective local treatment for cutaneous malignancies. The results suggest that ECT may have a tissue-sparing effect and result in minimal scarring. ECT may be a suitable alternative therapy for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, local or regional recurrent melanoma, and other skin cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Heller
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612-4799, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cemazar M, Miklavcic D, Sersa G. Intrinsic sensitivity of tumor cells to bleomycin as an indicator of tumor response to electrochemotherapy. Jpn J Cancer Res 1998; 89:328-33. [PMID: 9600128 PMCID: PMC5921803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) involves the use of locally applied electric pulses to increase delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into cells in tissues. ECT with bleomycin (BLM) is a very effective local treatment, but different tumors have different response rates to ECT. The aim of our study was to compare the responsiveness of SA-1 and EAT tumors to BLM and ECT in vitro and in vivo, in order to find possible reasons for the observed difference in response rate. The difference in sensitivity to ECT in vitro between the SA-1 and EAT cells was 10-fold and was the same as the difference in sensitivity to chronic BLM exposure, as measured by tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay. This difference in sensitivity between SA-1 and EAT to ECT was also reflected in tumor cure rate. A six-times lower dose of BLM was needed to obtain local tumor control in SA-1 than in EAT tumors. Therefore, we suggest that the difference in sensitivity to BLM and ECT predominantly reflects the difference in intrinsic sensitivity of the cells to BLM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cemazar
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Oshima Y, Sakamoto T, Kawano Y, Hata Y, Yoshikawa H, Sonoda KH, Ishibashi T, Inomata H. Synergistic effect of electric pulses and bleomycin on cultured rabbit subconjunctival fibroblasts. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1998; 236:52-60. [PMID: 9457517 DOI: 10.1007/s004170050042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combined effect of electric pulses (EP) and antiproliferative agents on the proliferation of rabbit Tenon's capsule fibroblasts was investigated. METHODS Rabbit Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were cultured. Some of these cells were exposed to various intensities of EP alone (500-2500 V/cm). Other cells were then exposed for 30 min to an antiproliferative agent: bleomycin (BLM; 0.0005-50 mumol/l), mitomycin C (MMC; 0.0005-50 mumol/l), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 0.05-5000 mumol/l), or streptomycin (SM; 0.0005-50 mumol/l) with or without EP (2000 V/cm, 99 mus, eight pulses). Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting on day 3 and by a 3H-thymidine uptake assay. DNA fragmentation was assessed by flow-cytometric analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS A significant reduction in the cell number was observed only at 2500 V/cm (P < 0.05). BLM, MMC and 5-FU treatment inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner either with or without EP (ID50: BLM alone, 0.029 mumol/l; BLM and EP, 0.00022 mumol/l; MMC alone, 41.6 mumol/l; MMC and EP, 27.5 mumol/l; 5-FU alone, 1045 mumol/l; 5-FU and EP, 690.2 mumol/l; P < 0.05). EP treatment induced an inhibitory effect of BLM on cell proliferation which was 100 times more prominent than BLM alone (0.0005 mumol/l of BLM alone 103.4 +/- 4.4%, 0.0005 mumol/l of BLM and EP 26.0 +/- 4.4%; P = 0.021). BLM treatment with EP also augmented the apoptotic-like DNA fragmentation in both a flow-cytometric DNA histogram and agarose gel-electrophoresis. CONCLUSION EP treatment enhanced the inhibitory effect of BLM on the cell proliferation of Tenon's capsule fibroblasts of rabbits. The combination of electric pulses and antiproliferative drug treatments may therefore reduce the necessary dose of antiproliferative agents in filtering surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Glass LF, Jaroszeski M, Gilbert R, Reintgen DS, Heller R. Intralesional bleomycin-mediated electrochemotherapy in 20 patients with basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37:596-9. [PMID: 9344200 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(97)70178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new anticancer therapy, electrochemotherapy (ECT), has been introduced that entails exposing cancerous tissues to short pulses of electricity during chemotherapy. This enhances cell membrane permeability and has been shown to have potent antitumor effects in vitro in animal models and in several clinical trials, including nevoid basal cell carcinoma (BCC). OBJECTIVE We report the effects of ECT on 20 patients with primary BCC. METHODS Electrical pulses were delivered to 54 tumors after administration of intralesional bleomycin sulfate. RESULTS Complete responses were observed in 53 (98%), and in the majority of these (94%) after a single treatment. No recurrences have been recorded with a mean of 18 months of observation. CONCLUSION Although these are preliminary results, ECT appears to be an effective alternative to surgical excision for the treatment of primary BCC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Bleomycin/administration & dosage
- Bleomycin/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery
- Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects
- Cicatrix/pathology
- Electrodes, Implanted
- Erythema/pathology
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Injections, Intralesional
- Iontophoresis/instrumentation
- Iontophoresis/methods
- Middle Aged
- Needles
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Remission Induction
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/surgery
- Skin Ulcer/pathology
- Stainless Steel
- Wound Healing
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L F Glass
- Department of Dermatology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33612, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Oshima Y, Sakamoto T, Sonoda K, Yoshida H, Ishibashi T, Inomata H. Effect of electric pulses and antiproliferative drugs on cultured bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells. Curr Eye Res 1997; 16:64-70. [PMID: 9043825 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.16.1.64.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of antiproliferative agents with high voltage electric pulses (EP) on the proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells was investigated. METHODS Bovine RPE cells were cultured and exposed briefly to an antiproliferative agent: 0.005 to 500 microM of bleomycin (BLM), 0.005 to 500 microM of mitomycin C (MMC) or 0.05 to 5000 microM of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with or without high voltage electric pulses (EP: 2,000V/cm, 98 microseconds, 8 pulses). Streptomycin (SM) was used as a negative control. Cell proliferation with or without antiproliferative agents was assessed on day 3. DNA fragmentation was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Treatment with BLM, MMC or 5-FU inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with and without EP (p < 0.05). EP enhanced the inhibitory effect of BLM as much as 3,000 times (ID50: BLM without EP; 163.7 microM, BLM with EP; 0.0574 microM, MMC without EP; 132.4 microM, MMC with EP; 26.2 microM, 5-FU without EP; 616.4 microM, 5-FU with EP; 873.8 microM). EP treatment showed an inhibitory effect of BLM on cell proliferation more prominently than BLM alone. The cell numbers of 0.5 microM BLM treatment without EP were 87.4 +/- 11.7% (mean +/- SD), whereas the cell numbers of 0.5 microM BLM with EP were 21.1 +/- 2.16% (p < 0.005). BLM treatment with EP increased the apoptosis like DNA fragmentation in the flow cytometric DNA histogram, showing dominant accumulation in the A0 region, which is the population of DNA fragmentation. (The cell population of the A0 region: control, 3.4%; EP alone, 18.9%; BLM treatment without EP, 32.0%; with EP, 93.8%.) CONCLUSIONS EP treatment enhances the inhibitory effect of BLM on RPE cell proliferation. The combination of electric pulse and BLM treatment can localize the drug effect and reduce the necessary dose of the antiproliferative agent in comparison to BLM treatment alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|