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Marchetti B, Bilel S, Tirri M, Corli G, Roda E, Locatelli CA, Cavarretta E, De-Giorgio F, Marti M. Acute Cardiovascular and Cardiorespiratory Effects of JWH-018 in Awake and Freely Moving Mice: Mechanism of Action and Possible Antidotal Interventions? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7515. [PMID: 37108687 PMCID: PMC10142259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
JWH-018 is the most known compound among synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) used for their psychoactive effects. SCs-based products are responsible for several intoxications in humans. Cardiac toxicity is among the main side effects observed in emergency departments: SCs intake induces harmful effects such as hypertension, tachycardia, chest pain, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, breathing impairment, and dyspnea. This study aims to investigate how cardio-respiratory and vascular JWH-018 (6 mg/kg) responses can be modulated by antidotes already in clinical use. The tested antidotes are amiodarone (5 mg/kg), atropine (5 mg/kg), nifedipine (1 mg/kg), and propranolol (2 mg/kg). The detection of heart rate, breath rate, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and pulse distention are provided by a non-invasive apparatus (Mouse Ox Plus) in awake and freely moving CD-1 male mice. Tachyarrhythmia events are also evaluated. Results show that while all tested antidotes reduce tachycardia and tachyarrhythmic events and improve breathing functions, only atropine completely reverts the heart rate and pulse distension. These data may suggest that cardiorespiratory mechanisms of JWH-018-induced tachyarrhythmia involve sympathetic, cholinergic, and ion channel modulation. Current findings also provide valuable impetus to identify potential antidotal intervention to support physicians in the treatment of intoxicated patients in emergency clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Marchetti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (B.M.); (S.B.); (M.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (B.M.); (S.B.); (M.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (B.M.); (S.B.); (M.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (B.M.); (S.B.); (M.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy;
- Mediterrranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio De-Giorgio
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (B.M.); (S.B.); (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, 00186 Rome, Italy
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Segarra AB, Prieto I, Banegas I, Martínez-Cañamero M, Villarejo AB, Domínguez-Vías G, de Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Interaction between Angiotensinase Activities in Pituitary and Adrenal Glands of Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats under Hypotensive or Hypertensive Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7823. [PMID: 34360587 PMCID: PMC8346081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the activity of several aminopeptidases (angiotensinases) involved in the metabolism of various angiotensin peptides, in pituitary and adrenal glands of untreated Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) or treated with the antihypertensive drugs captopril and propranolol or with the L-Arginine hypertensive analogue L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). Intra- and inter-gland correlations between angiotensinase activities were also calculated. Membrane-bound alanyl-, cystinyl-, and glutamyl-aminopeptidase activities were determined fluorometrically using aminoacyl-β-naphthylamide as substrates. Depending on the type of angiotensinase analyzed, the results reflect a complex picture showing substantial differences between glands, strains, and treatments. Alanyl-aminopeptidase responsible for the metabolism of Ang III to Ang IV appears to be the most active angiotensinase in both pituitary and adrenals of WKY and particularly in SHR. Independently of treatment, most positive correlations are observed in the pituitary gland of WKY whereas such positive correlations are predominant in adrenals of SHR. Negative inter-gland correlations were observed in control SHR and L-NAME treated WKY. Positive inter-gland correlations were observed in captopril-treated SHR and propranolol-treated WKY. These results may reflect additional mechanisms for increasing or decreasing systolic blood pressure in WKY or SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Inmaculada Banegas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Magdalena Martínez-Cañamero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Ana B. Villarejo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Germán Domínguez-Vías
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rue es Planches 5, 2842 Rossemaison, Switzerland;
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
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Magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) for propranolol extraction and separation by capillary electrophoresis. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1193-1205. [PMID: 30033745 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The preparation of magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) for propranolol magnetic solid-phase extraction is described. MATERIALS & METHODS A study comparing propranolol adsorption and desorption was performed with only magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and different poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) with and without magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Enantiomeric separation of propranolol took place by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis and the method was validated in spiked human urine samples. RESULTS Recovery values raised when styrene/divinylbenzene millimoles ratio was 19.57:15.80. Enrichment factors increased up to approximately 100, detection limits were 13.8 and 10.5 ng ml-1 for R- and S-propranolol respectively, quantitation limits were 46.0 and 34.8 ng ml-1 for R- and S-propranolol respectively, recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 90.9 to 109.0%, and relative standard deviations were <6.3%. CONCLUSION This methodology was proven to be more effective than classical solid-phase extraction strategies and may be applied to other kind of biological samples.
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Abstract
Beta blocker antihypertensive effects are incompletely understood, and may involve alterations in the autonomic nervous system. We studied autonomic function in 12 essential hypertensive men during treatment with placebo and chronic oral propranolol. Propranolol reduced blood pressure and heart rate (both p less than 0.01) with an associated increase in baroreflex sensitivity during phenylephrine testing (p less than 0.02), though amyl nitrite-tested baroreflex sensitivity was unchanged; blood pressure decrement did not correlate with baroreflex enhancement. Response to the cold pressor test and the blood pressure decrement to phentolamine alpha blockade were unaltered by propranolol, suggesting unchanged efferent sympathetic function; nor were several biochemical indices of sympathetic nervous activity influenced by propranolol. Propranolol does perturb autonomic function in man, but the perturbations do not correlate with blood pressure decrement; nor are physiologic or biochemical indices of efferent sympathetic activity reduced by propranolol.
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Smits JF, Struyker-Boudier HA. The mechanisms of antihypertensive action of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. PART A, THEORY AND PRACTICE 1982; 4:71-86. [PMID: 6122522 DOI: 10.3109/10641968209061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The fall in blood pressure is associated with a complex chain of hemodynamic events. The transient effects differ from long-term changes. After reviewing the dynamics of beta-blocker induced hemodynamic changes, we propose a scheme to explain both short-term and long-term effects. In this scheme it is suggested that the primary effects are (1) a fall in cardiac output through blockade of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors and (2) a promotion of renal tubular sodium and water loss by blockade of renal tubular beta-adrenergic receptors. The initial reactions of the cardiovascular control system to these effects as well as the final adaptations are discussed. It is suggested that for future developments in the field of beta-adrenergic control of blood pressure further analysis of the renal tubular sympathetic control of sodium and water excretion is necessary.
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