Alzheimer dementia and the aluminum hypothesis

Phosphate removal from industrial wastewater through in-situ Fe2+ oxidation induced homogenous precipitation: Different oxidation approaches at wide-ranged pH

Phosphate removal through in-situ Fe²⁺ oxidation induced homogenous phosphate precipitation has shown its advantages in municipal wastewater treatment. Its feasibility and suitability for phosphate removal in industrial wastewater with wide-range pH variation like electro-plating wastewater were investigated in bench scale experiments using synthetic wastewater and continuous experiment using real wastewater. Bench scale experiments showed that different Fe²⁺ oxidation approaches worked well for phosphate removal at varied pH conditions. Sole dosing Fe²⁺ salt with aeration achieved sound phosphate removal at alkaline condition (pH ≥ 8). At neutral pH (6 < pH < 8), transition metallic ions catalytic oxidation is a suitable alternative. Cu²⁺ exhibited superior catalytic Fe²⁺ oxidization over Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ni²⁺. At acid pH (3.0 ＜ pH ≤ 6.0), Fenton reaction oxidation (H₂O₂ = 5 mg/L) showed its efficiency. At their corresponding optimal pH conditions and with Fe²⁺/P ratio of 1.8, dosing sole Fe²⁺ salt, Cu²⁺ catalyzed Fe²⁺ oxidation, and Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ treatments can achieve the TP discharge limit of 0.5 mg/L. In a 30-day continuous experiment using real electro-plating wastewater (pH 4.9-5.5), in both direct Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ treatment and Cu²⁺ catalyzed Fe²⁺ oxidation treatment after wastewater pH being adjusted to 7 effluent TP met China's discharge requirement 0.5 mg/L.

Intensified nitrogen and phosphorus removal by embedding electrolysis in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic reactor treating low carbon/nitrogen wastewater

A modified anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) reactor embedding electrolysis was constructed for treatment of low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) wastewater. The effect of different current conditions on the performance of reactor was investigated in this study. When the current ranged from 0 mA to 200 mA, the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) increased from 61.25% (0 mA) to 75.60% (200 mA), and that of total phosphorus (TP) increased from 72.24% (0 mA) to 93.93% (200 mA). In addition, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH₄⁺-N were not affected. The results indicated that AAO reactor coupling electrolysis was an effective way to strengthen the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus for treatment of low C/N wastewater.

Aluminum polymeric implants: in vitro-in vivo evaluations

The purpose of this investigation is to study the effect of long-term subcutaneous aluminum polymeric implants on aluminum release and accumulation in various tissues in rats. The implants were formulated using silicone rubber and polyurethane polymers and three different aluminum salts. The polymeric matrices were evaluated for in vitro release studies. These matrices released aluminum in vitro up to the period of four months. The aluminum matrices were implanted in rats and animals were sacrificed at various time intervals. Various tissues such as brain, kidney, liver, intestine, and heart were isolated. Aluminum in dried tissues was analyzed by Neutron Activation Analysis. Results from this investigation suggest that polymeric aluminum implants raise the aluminum concentration in the brain and liver. However, these implants did not increase aluminum levels in intestine, heart, and kidney. The polymeric aluminum implants could be used to establish an animal model for the neuropathology of dementia.

The aluminium content of infant formula and tea

Tea and infant formulae have been examined for the presence of aluminium. Concentrations in 13 different tea infusions ranged from 2.2 mg/l to 4.5 mg/l. In cow's milk-based infant formulae as made up for consumption, aluminium levels of between 0.03 mg/l and 0.20 mg/l were detected. Higher amounts were present in soya-based formulae with concentrations ranging from 0.64 mg/l to 1.34 mg/l.

A neutral lipophilic compound of aluminum(III) as a cause of myocardial infarct in the rabbit

Intravenous administration of aluminum(III) in the form of the hydrolytically stable and moderately lipophilic complex acetylacetonate in the rabbit a severe pathological picture, the most significant feature of which is the occurrence of a myocardial infarct.