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Xiang J, Ma L, Tong J, Zuo N, Hu W, Luo Y, Liu J, Liang T, Ren Q, Liu Q. Boron-peptide conjugates with angiopep-2 for boron neutron capture therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1199881. [PMID: 37324130 PMCID: PMC10267362 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1199881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) induces intracellular nuclear reaction to destroy cancer cells during thermal neutron irradiation. To selectively eliminate cancer cells but avoid harmful effects on normal tissues, novel boron-peptide conjugates with angiopep-2, namely ANG-B, were constructed and evaluated in preclinical settings. Boron-peptide conjugates were synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis, and the molecular mass was validated by mass spectrometry afterwards. Boron concentrations in 6 cancer cell lines and an intracranial glioma mouse model after treatments were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Phenylalanine (BPA) was tested in parallel for comparison. In vitro treatment with boron delivery peptides significantly increased boron uptake in cancer cells. BNCT with 5 mM ANG-B caused 86.5% ± 5.3% of clonogenic cell death, while BPA at the same concentration caused 73.3% ± 6.0% clonogenic cell death. The in vivo effect of ANG-B in an intracranial glioma mouse model was evaluated by PET/CT imaging at 31 days after BNCT. The mouse glioma tumours in the ANG-B-treated group were shrunk by 62.9% on average, while the BPA-treated tumours shrank by only 23.0%. Therefore, ANG-B is an efficient boron delivery agent, which has low cytotoxicity and high tumour-to-blood ratio. Based on these experimental results, we expected that ANG-B may leverage BNCT performance in clinical applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfei Tong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Nan Zuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weitao Hu
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yupeng Luo
- School of Stomatology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianjiao Liang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Xiang J, Ma L, Gu Z, Jin H, Zhai H, Tong J, Liang T, Li J, Ren Q, Liu Q. A Boronated Derivative of Temozolomide Showing Enhanced Efficacy in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071173. [PMID: 35406737 PMCID: PMC8998031 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an incontestable need for improved treatment modality for glioblastoma due to its extraordinary resistance to traditional chemoradiation therapy. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) may play a role in the future. We designed and synthesized a 10B-boronated derivative of temozolomide, TMZB. BNCT was carried out with a total neutron radiation fluence of 2.4 ± 0.3 × 1011 n/cm2. The effects of TMZB in BNCT were measured with a clonogenic cell survival assay in vitro and PET/CT imaging in vivo. Then, 10B-boronated phenylalanine (BPA) was tested in parallel with TMZB for comparison. The IC50 of TMZB for the cytotoxicity of clonogenic cells in HS683 was 0.208 mM, which is comparable to the IC50 of temozolomide at 0.213 mM. In BNCT treatment, 0.243 mM TMZB caused 91.2% ± 6.4% of clonogenic cell death, while 0.239 mM BPA eliminated 63.7% ± 6.3% of clonogenic cells. TMZB had a tumor-to-normal brain ratio of 2.9 ± 1.1 and a tumor-to-blood ratio of 3.8 ± 0.2 in a mouse glioblastoma model. BNCT with TMZB in this model caused 58.2% tumor shrinkage at 31 days after neutron irradiation, while the number for BPA was 35.2%. Therefore, by combining the effects of chemotherapy from temozolomide and radiotherapy with heavy charged particles from BNCT, TMZB-based BNCT exhibited promising potential for therapeutic applications in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen 518132, China;
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Zheng Gu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen 518132, China;
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China;
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Jianfei Tong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (J.T.); (T.L.); (J.L.)
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Tianjiao Liang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (J.T.); (T.L.); (J.L.)
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (J.T.); (T.L.); (J.L.)
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen 518132, China;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.R.); (Q.L.); Tel.: +86-0755-26038837 (Q.R. & Q.L.)
| | - Qi Liu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen 518132, China;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.R.); (Q.L.); Tel.: +86-0755-26038837 (Q.R. & Q.L.)
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Vedelago J, Mattea F, Triviño S, Montesinos MDM, Keil W, Valente M, Romero M. Smart material based on boron crosslinked polymers with potential applications in cancer radiation therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12269. [PMID: 34112821 PMCID: PMC8192942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoboron compounds have been playing an increasingly important role in analytical chemistry, material science, health applications, and particularly as functional polymers like boron carriers for cancer therapy. There are two main applications of boron isotopes in radiation cancer therapy, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy and Proton Boron Fusion Therapy. In this study, a novel and original material consisting of a three-dimensional polymer network crosslinked with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{10}$$\end{document}10B enriched boric acid molecules is proposed and synthesized. The effects of the exposition to thermal neutrons were studied analyzing changes in the mechanical properties of the proposed material. Dedicated Monte Carlo simulations, based on MCNP and FLUKA main codes, were performed to characterize interactions of the proposed material with neutrons, photons, and charged particles typically present in mixed fields in nuclear reactor irradiations. Experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations were in agreement, thus justifying further studies of this promising material.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vedelago
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIRx), FAMAF-UNC, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.,Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Facundo Mattea
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIRx), FAMAF-UNC, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Triviño
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIRx), FAMAF-UNC, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.,Centro de Medicina Nuclear y Radioterapia Patagonia Austral (CEMNPA), Río Gallegos, Z9400, Argentina.,FCEFyN-UNC & CNEA-Reactor Nuclear RA-0, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - María Del Mar Montesinos
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Walter Keil
- FCEFyN-UNC & CNEA-Reactor Nuclear RA-0, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Mauro Valente
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina. .,Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIRx), FAMAF-UNC, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina. .,Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Centro de Física e Ingeniería en Medicina (CFIM), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Marcelo Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X (LIIFAMIRx), FAMAF-UNC, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina. .,Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
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Discrimination of hydroxyl radical yields due to thermal neutrons, fast neutrons, and gamma rays in accelerator-based neutron fields. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Validation and Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Mediated By Boron-Rich Liposomes in Multiple Murine Tumor Models. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:686-692. [PMID: 28683435 PMCID: PMC5498409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was performed at the University of Missouri Research Reactor in mice bearing CT26 colon carcinoma flank tumors and the results were compared with previously performed studies with mice bearing EMT6 breast cancer flank tumors. Mice were implanted with CT26 tumors subcutaneously in the caudal flank and were given two separate tail vein injections of unilamellar liposomes composed of cholesterol, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycer-3-phosphocholine, and K[nido-7-CH3(CH2)15–7,8-C2B9H11] in the lipid bilayer and encapsulated Na3[1-(2`-B10H9)-2-NH3B10H8] within the liposomal core. Mice were irradiated 30 hours after the second injection in a thermal neutron beam for various lengths of time. The tumor size was monitored daily for 72 days. Despite relatively lower tumor boron concentrations, as compared to EMT6 tumors, a 45 minute neutron irradiation BNCT resulted in complete resolution of the tumors in 50% of treated mice, 50% of which never recurred. Median time to tumor volume tripling was 38 days in BNCT treated mice, 17 days in neutron-irradiated mice given no boron compounds, and 4 days in untreated controls. Tumor response in mice with CT26 colon carcinoma was markedly more pronounced than in previous reports of mice with EMT6 tumors, a difference which increased with dose. The slope of the dose response curve of CT26 colon carcinoma tumors is 1.05 times tumor growth delay per Gy compared to 0.09 times tumor growth delay per Gy for EMT6 tumors, indicating that inherent radiosensitivity of tumors plays a role in boron neutron capture therapy and should be considered in the development of clinical applications of BNCT in animals and man.
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Lüdemann L, Kampmann R, Sosaat W, Staron P, Wille P. Properties of a Cold-Neutron Irradiation Facility for in Vitro Research on Boron Neutron Capture Therapy at the Geesthacht Neutron Facility. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse00-a2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lüdemann
- Institut für Werkstofforschung, GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, Germany
| | - R. Kampmann
- Institut für Werkstofforschung, GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, Germany
| | - W. Sosaat
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P. Staron
- Institut für Werkstofforschung, GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, Germany
| | - P. Wille
- Institut für Werkstofforschung, GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, Germany
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7
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Maučec M. Conceptual Design of a Clinical BNCT Beam in an Adjacent Dry Cell of the Jožef Stefan Institute TRIGA Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt00-a3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Maučec
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Reactor Physics Division Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Issa F, Kassiou M, Rendina LM. Boron in drug discovery: carboranes as unique pharmacophores in biologically active compounds. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5701-22. [PMID: 21718011 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiah Issa
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Voyant C, Roustit R, Tatje J, Biffi K, Leschi D, Briançon J, Marcovici CL. Therapeutic potential of atmospheric neutrons. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2011; 16:21-31. [PMID: 24669300 PMCID: PMC3920293 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive type of primary brain tumour in humans. It has a very poor prognosis despite multi-modality treatments consisting of open craniotomy with surgical resection, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Recently, a new treatment has been proposed - Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) - which exploits the interaction between Boron-10 atoms (introduced by vector molecules) and low energy neutrons produced by giant accelerators or nuclear reactors. METHODS The objective of the present study is to compute the deposited dose using a natural source of neutrons (atmospheric neutrons). For this purpose, Monte Carlo computer simulations were carried out to estimate the dosimetric effects of a natural source of neutrons in the matter, to establish if atmospheric neutrons interact with vector molecules containing Boron-10. RESULTS The doses produced (an average of 1 μGy in a 1 g tumour) are not sufficient for therapeutic treatment of in situ tumours. However, the non-localised yet specific dosimetric properties of 10B vector molecules could prove interesting for the treatment of micro-metastases or as (neo)adjuvant treatment. On a cellular scale, the deposited dose is approximately 0.5 Gy/neutron impact. CONCLUSION It has been shown that BNCT may be used with a natural source of neutrons, and may potentially be useful for the treatment of micro-metastases. The atmospheric neutron flux is much lower than that utilized during standard NBCT. However the purpose of the proposed study is not to replace the ordinary NBCT but to test if naturally occurring atmospheric neutrons, considered to be an ionizing pollution at the Earth's surface, can be used in the treatment of a disease such as cancer. To finalize this study, it is necessary to quantify the biological effects of the physically deposited dose, taking into account the characteristics of the incident particles (alpha particle and Lithium atom) and radio-induced effects (by-stander and low dose effect). One of the aims of the presented paper is to propose to experimental teams (which would be interested in studying the phenomena) a simple way to calculate the dose deposition (allometric fit of free path, transmission factor of brain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Voyant
- University of Corsica, CNRS UMR SPE 6134, Campus Grimaldi, 20250 Corte, France
- Castelluccio Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, BP 85, 20177 Ajaccio, France
| | - Rudy Roustit
- Castelluccio Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, BP 85, 20177 Ajaccio, France
| | - Jennifer Tatje
- Castelluccio Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, BP 85, 20177 Ajaccio, France
| | - Katia Biffi
- Castelluccio Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, BP 85, 20177 Ajaccio, France
| | - Delphine Leschi
- Castelluccio Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, BP 85, 20177 Ajaccio, France
| | - Jérome Briançon
- Castelluccio Hospital, Radiotherapy Unit, BP 85, 20177 Ajaccio, France
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Bench G, Grant PG, Ueda DL, Autry-Conwell SA, Hou Y, Boggan JE. Assessment of proton microbeam analysis of 11B for quantitative microdistribution analysis of boronated neutron capture agents in biological tissues. Radiat Res 2004; 160:667-76. [PMID: 14640780 DOI: 10.1667/rr3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The (11)B(p,alpha)(8)Be* nuclear reaction was assessed for its ability to quantitatively map the in vivo subcellular distribution of boron within gliosarcomas treated with a boronated neutron capture therapy agent. Intracranial 9L gliosarcomas were produced in Fischer 344 rats. Fourteen days later, the majority of the rats were treated with f-boronophenylalanine and killed humanely 30 or 180 min after intravenous injection. Freeze-dried tumor cryosections were imaged using the (11)B(p,alpha)(8)Be* nuclear reaction and proton microbeams obtained from the nuclear microprobe at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The (11)B distributions within cells could be imaged quantitatively with spatial resolutions down to 1.5 microm, minimum detection limits of 0.8 mg/kg, and acquisition times of several hours. These capabilities offer advantages over alpha-particle track autoradiography, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for quantification of (11)B in tissues. However, the spatial resolution, multi-isotope capability, and analysis times achieved with SIMS are superior to those achieved with (11)B(p,alpha)(8)Be* analysis. When accuracy in quantification is crucial, the (11)B(p,alpha)(8)Be* reaction is well suited for assessing the microdistribution of (11)B. Otherwise, SIMS may well be better suited to image the microdistribution of boron associated with neutron capture therapy agents in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Bench
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA.
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Abstract
In view of Boron Neutron Capture Enhanced Fast Neutron Therapy (BNCEFNT) of brain tumours, the spatial distributions of thermal flux and fast neutron plus photon dose were measured in a hydrogenous cylinder phantom under conditions varying with respect to neutron energy, field size, and irradiation technique. The behaviour of the ratio thermal fluence per unit total dose leads to the conclusion that an appreciable dose contribution from the BNC reaction can be expected only with low energies and large fields. Beams from small apertures (< 6 x 6 cm2) produce only marginal BNC dose contributions, and might gain therapeutic relevance only in combination with a very effective tumour-seeking Boron-10 carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Wolber
- Abteilung Medizinische Physik in der Radiologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg
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12
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Frolov AM, Smith VH. Bound state properties and astrophysical applications of negatively charged hydrogen ions. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1589735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Michel J, Sauerwein W, Wittig A, Balossier G, Zierold K. Subcellular localization of boron in cultured melanoma cells by electron energy-loss spectroscopy of freeze-dried cryosections. J Microsc 2003; 210:25-34. [PMID: 12694413 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2003.01172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the ability of the non-radioactive isotope 10B to capture thermal neutrons and to disintegrate instantaneously. This reaction opens a way to selectively destroy tumour cells after specific uptake of 10B. In this paper, a method based on electron energy-loss spectroscopy is presented for detecting and quantifying boron in freeze-dried cryosections of human melanoma cells. A practical detection limit of around 6 mmol kg-1 in 0.1- micro m2 areas is estimated using specimens prepared from standard boron solutions. Preliminary results of boron mapping in the spectrum-imaging acquisition mode reveal boron penetration and probably spot-like accumulation within melanoma cells when exposed to culture medium containing sodium borocaptate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michel
- INSERM ERM 0203Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France.
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Nichols TL, Kabalka GW, Miller LF, Khan MK, Smith GT. Improved treatment planning for boron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiforme using fluorine-18 labeled boronophenylalanine and positron emission tomography. Med Phys 2002; 29:2351-8. [PMID: 12408309 DOI: 10.1118/1.1507780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cancer brachytherapy based upon the thermal neutron reaction: 10B(n,alpha)7Li. The efficacy of the treatment depends primarily upon two conditions being met: (a) the preferential concentration of a boronated compound in the neoplasm and (b) an adequate fluence of thermal neutrons delivered to the neoplasm. The boronated amino acid, para-boronophenylalanine (BPA), is the agent widely used in clinical trials to deliver 10B to the malignancy. Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to generate in vivo boron distribution maps by labeling BPA with the positron emitting nuclide fluorine-18. The incorporation of the PET-derived boron distribution maps into current treatment planning protocols is shown to provide improved treatment plans. Using previously established protocols, six patients with glioblastoma had 18BPA PET scans. The PET distribution maps obtained were used in the conventional BNCT treatment codes. The isodose curves derived from the PET data are shown to differ both qualitatively and quantitatively from the conventional isodose curves that were derived from calculations based upon the assumption of uniform uptake of the pharmaceutical in tumor and normal brain regions. The clinical course of each of the patients who eventually received BNCT (five of the six patients) was compared using both sets of isodose calculations. The isodose contours based upon PET derived distribution data appear to be more consistent with the patients' clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent L Nichols
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tennessee Memorial Research Center and Hospital, Knoxville 37920, USA.
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Qureshi S, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Harbi MM, Al-Bekairi AM, Raza M. Boric acid enhances in vivo Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell proliferation in Swiss albino mice. Toxicology 2001; 165:1-11. [PMID: 11551427 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The influence of boric acid, a boron carrier, on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell-bearing mice was investigated in view of its importance in the boron neutron capture therapy and the influence of boron on proliferation and progression of cancer cells mediated by proteoglycans and collagen. The present study included the evaluation of boric acid for the effects on total count and viability of EAC cells in addition to their non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as parameters for conjugative detoxication potency and possible oxidative damage. The EAC cell-bearing animals were also observed for the effect on survival, body weight changes, and histopathological evaluation of the tumors grown at the site of inoculation. The treatment with boric acid significantly increased the total number of peritoneal EAC cells and their viability. A significant increase in the body weight was observed that dose-dependently reached plateau levels by 20 days of treatment. Conversely, a reduction in the duration of survival of these animals was evident with the same protocol. Boric acid treatment resulted in a decrease in NP-SH contents with a concomitant increase in MDA levels in EAC cells as revealed by the results of the biochemical analysis. These data are supported by our results on histopathological investigations, which apparently showed fast growth, in addition to several mitotic figures and mixed inflammatory reaction, after treatment with boric acid. It seems likely that a particular combination of properties of boric acid, rather than a single characteristic alone, will provide useful information on the use of this boron carrier in neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Philippo H, Huiskamp R, Winter AM, Gharbaran B, van der Kogel AJ. Age dependence of the radiosensitivity of glial progenitors for In vivo fission-neutron and X irradiation. Radiat Res 2000; 154:44-53. [PMID: 10856965 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0044:adotro]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
O-2A progenitor cells are the stem cells of the myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. In the epithermal reactor beams used for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for treatment of brain tumors, fission neutrons are a contaminating component. To estimate the radiosensitivity of the O-2A progenitors for fission neutrons, an in vivo-in vitro clonogenic assay was used. Radiosensitivity of progenitors obtained from the spinal cord of 1- or 5-day-old rats or the optic nerve of 2- or 12-week-old rats for 1 MeV fission neutrons was compared to that for 300 kVp X rays. Dose-survival curves were fitted according to the linear-quadratic model. The resulting beta component was very small to negligible. Progenitor cells obtained from rats of different ages show differences in radiosensitivity, characterized by different alpha values. RBE values for fission neutrons were 3.5 for 1-day-old spinal cord, 3.2 for 5-day-old spinal cord, 3.0 for 2-week-old optic nerve, and 4.3 for 12-week-old optic nerve. These high RBE values indicate the importance of minimizing the fast-neutron component in the epithermal neutron beams used for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Philippo
- Division of Radiation & Environment, NRG, Petten, The Netherlands
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Callahan DE, Forte TM, Afzal SM, Deen DF, Kahl SB, Bjornstad KA, Bauer WF, Blakely EA. Boronated protoporphyrin (BOPP): localization in lysosomes of the human glioma cell line SF-767 with uptake modulated by lipoprotein levels. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999; 45:761-71. [PMID: 10524433 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Boronated protoporphyrin (BOPP) is a candidate for use in both boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Our objectives are to identify factors that influence the uptake and retention of BOPP in vitro and to determine BOPP distribution in a human glioma cell line in vitro. This information will aid the development of compounds and treatment strategies that increase the effectiveness of BNCT therapy for GBM. METHODS AND MATERIALS The amount, distribution pattern, and site of internalization of BOPP were assessed using fluorescence microscopy. Living human glioma (SF-767) cells were imaged after a 24-h exposure to BOPP (20-135.6 microg/ml, normal serum). Dose-dependent uptake of BOPP was determined using both fluorescence microscopy of individual living cells and inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis of cell pellets. Lysosome- or mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes were used to identify the cellular compartment containing BOPP. Two human fibroblast cell lines, AG-1522 (LDL receptor-positive) and GM019-15C (LDL receptor-deficient), were used to investigate LDL receptor-dependent BOPP uptake. The dependence of BOPP uptake on lipoproteins in the media was determined by exposing each of the three cell types to BOPP in medium containing either normal (NS) or lipoprotein deficient serum (LPDS). RESULTS BOPP accumulated in the lysosomes of human glioma cells in vitro, and not in the mitochondria, as reported for C6 rat glioma cells in vitro. BOPP uptake was concentration-dependent and was also dependent on the amount of lipoproteins in the medium. Over the range of incubation concentrations studied and at the single exposure duration time point investigated (24 h), all cells retained a similar amount of BOPP. At the lowest incubation concentration (20 microg/ml, NS), the amount of boron retained was near 10(9) atoms per cell (15 microg B/g cells). Lysosomes containing high concentrations of BOPP were randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm; however, larger lysosomes containing BOPP were concentrated around the cell nucleus. Little or no BOPP accumulated in the cell nucleus. At incubation concentrations of 20 and 40 microg/ml (24-h time point), BOPP uptake in SF-767 cells was reduced in LPDS compared with NS (66% reduction). A similar result was observed for normal human fibroblasts (AG-1522 cells, 40 microg/ml, 24 h). At 40 microg/ml, in both NS and LPDS at 24 h, BOPP accumulation in LDL receptor-deficient human fibroblasts (GM019-15C cells) was reduced relative to AG-1522 cells. BOPP accumulation in GM019-15C cells (40 microg/ml, 24 h) was not affected by serum lipoprotein levels. CONCLUSION In cell culture, BOPP is taken up by human glioma cells via the LDL pathway and is compartmentalized into cellular lysosomes. Knowledge of this mechanism of BOPP uptake and retention will be important in attempts to modify toxicity and efficacy of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Callahan
- Life Sciences Division, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Raaijmakers CP, Bruinvis IA, Nottelman EL, Mijnheer BJ. A fast and accurate treatment planning method for boron neutron capture therapy. Radiother Oncol 1998; 46:321-32. [PMID: 9572626 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(97)00183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test the applicability of conventional semi-empirical algorithms for the treatment planning of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Beam data of a clinical epithermal BNCT beam obtained in a large cuboid water phantom were introduced into a commercial treatment planning system (TPS). For the calculation of thermal neutron fluence distributions, the Gaussian pencil beam model of the electron beam treatment planning algorithm was used. A simple photon beam algorithm was used for the calculation of the gamma-ray and fast neutron dose distribution. The calculated dose and fluence distributions in the central plane of an anthropomorphic head phantom were compared with measurements for various field sizes. The calculation time was less than 1 min. RESULTS At the normalization point in the head phantom, the absolute dose and fluence values agreed within the measurement uncertainty of approximately 2-3% (1 SD) with those at the same depth in a cuboid phantom of approximately the same size. Excellent agreement of within 2-3% (1 SD) was obtained between measured and calculated relative fluence and dose values on the central beam axis and at most off-axis positions in the head phantom. At positions near the phantom boundaries, generally in low dose regions, local differences of approximately 30% were observed. CONCLUSIONS A fast and accurate treatment planning method has been developed for BNCT. This is the first treatment planning method that may allow the same interactive optimization procedures for BNCT as applied clinically for conventional radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Raaijmakers
- Radiotherapy Department, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Huis, Amsterdam
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Raaijmakers CP, Konijnenberg MW, Mijnheer BJ. Clinical dosimetry of an epithermal neutron beam for neutron capture therapy: dose distributions under reference conditions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 37:941-51. [PMID: 9128973 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(96)00623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to asses the dose distribution under reference conditions for the various dose components of the Petten clinical epithermal neutron beam for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Activation foils and a silicon alpha-particle detector with a 6Li converter plate have been used for the determination of the thermal neutron fluence rate. The gamma-ray dose rate and the fast neutron dose rate have been determined using paired ionization chambers. Circular beam apertures of 8, 12 and 15 cm diameters have been investigated using a 15 x 15 x 15 cm3 solid polymethyl-methacrylate phantom, a water phantom of the same dimensions and a 30 x 30 x 30 cm3 water phantom at various phantom to beam-exit distances. RESULTS The effect of phantom to beam-exit distance could be modeled using an inverse square law with a virtual source to beam-exit distance of 3.0 m. At a reference phantom to beam-exit distance of 30 cm, three-dimensional dose and fluence distributions of the various dose components have been determined in the phantoms. The absolute thermal neutron fluence rate at a reference depth of 2 cm in the 15 cm water phantom increased by 43% when the field size was increased from 8 to 15 cm. Simultaneously the gamma-ray dose rate increased by 46% while the fast neutron dose rate increased by only 5%. CONCLUSION A reference treatment position at 30 cm from the beam exit allows convenient patient positioning with a relatively small increase in irradiation time compared to positions very close to the beam-exit. A more homogeneous distribution of thermal neutrons over a target volume, a higher absolute thermal neutron fluence rate and a lower contribution of the fast neutron dose to the total dose will result in improved treatment plans when using a 12 cm or 15 cm field compared to a 8 cm field. The dose distributions will be used as benchmark data for treatment planning systems for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Raaijmakers
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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Yanagië H, Tomita T, Kobayashi H, Fujii Y, Nonaka Y, Saegusa Y, Hasumi K, Eriguchi M, Kobayashi T, Ono K. Inhibition of human pancreatic cancer growth in nude mice by boron neutron capture therapy. Br J Cancer 1997; 75:660-5. [PMID: 9043021 PMCID: PMC2063329 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoliposomes were prepared by conjugating anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody with liposomes containing [10B]compound. These immunoliposomes were shown to bind selectively to human pancreatic carcinoma cells (AsPC-1) bearing CEA on their surface. The cytotoxic effects of locally injected [10B]compound, multilamellar liposomes containing [10B]compound or [10B]immunoliposomes (anti-CEA) on human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice were evaluated with thermal neutron irradiation. After thermal neutron irradiation of mice injected with [10B]solution, 10B-containing liposomes or [10B]immunoliposomes, AsPC-1 tumour growth was suppressed relative to controls. Injection of [10B]immunoliposomes caused the greatest tumour suppression with thermal neutron irradiation in vivo. Histopathologically, hyalinization and necrosis were found in 10B-treated tumours, while tumour tissue injected with saline or saline-containing immunoliposomes showed neither destruction nor necrosis. These results suggest that intratumoral injection of boronated immunoliposomes can increase the retention of 10B atoms by tumour cells, causing tumour growth suppression in vivo upon thermal neutron irradiation. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) with intratumoral injection of immunoliposomes is able to destroy malignant cells in the marginal portion between normal tissues and cancer tissues from the side of 4He generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yanagië
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minata-ku, Japan
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Raaijmakers CP, Nottelman EL, Konijnenberg MW, Mijnheer BJ. Dose monitoring for boron neutron capture therapy using a reactor-based epithermal neutron beam. Phys Med Biol 1996; 41:2789-97. [PMID: 8971969 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/41/12/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (i) to determine the variation with time of the relevant beam parameters of a clinical reactor-based epithermal neutron beam for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and (ii) to test a monitoring system for its applicability to monitor the dose delivered to the dose specification point in a patient treated with BNCT. For this purpose two fission chambers covered with Cd and two GM counters were positioned in the beam-shaping collimator assembly of the epithermal neutron beam. The monitor count rates were compared with in-phanton reference measurements of the thermal neutron fluence rate, the gamma-ray dose rate and the fast neutron dose rate, at a constant reactor power, over a period of 2 years. Differences in beam output, defined as the thermal neutron fluence rate at 2 cm depth in a phantom, of up to 15% were observed between various reactor cycles. A decrease in beam output of about 5% was observed in each reactor cycle. An unacceptable decrease of 50% in beam output due to malfunctioning of the beam filter assembly was detected. For safe and accurate treatment of patients, on-line monitoring of the beam is essential. Using the calibrated monitor system, the standard uncertainty in the total dose at depth due to variations with time of the beam output parameters has been reduced to a clinically acceptable value of 1% (one standard deviation).
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Raaijmakers
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Huis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Barth RF, Soloway AH, Brugger RM. Boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors: past history, current status, and future potential. Cancer Invest 1996; 14:534-50. [PMID: 8951358 DOI: 10.3109/07357909609076899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear reaction that occurs when boron-10 is irradiated with low-energy thermal neutrons to yield alpha particles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. High-grade astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, and metastatic brain tumors constitute a major group of neoplasms for which there is no effective treatment. There is growing interest in using BNCT in combination with surgery to treat patients with primary, and possibly metastatic brain tumors. For BNCT to be successful, a large number of 10B atoms must be localized on or preferably within neoplastic cells, and a sufficient number of thermal neutrons must reach and be absorbed by the 10B atoms to sustain a lethal 10B(n, alpha)7 Li reaction. Two major questions will be addressed in this review. First, how can a large number of 10B atoms be delivered selectively to cancer cells? Second, how can a high fluence of neutrons be delivered to the tumor? Two boron compounds currently are being used clinically, sodium borocaptate (BSH) and boronophenylalanine (BPA), and a number of new delivery agents are under investigation, including boronated porphyrins, nucleosides, amino acids, polyamines, monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, liposomes, and epidermal growth factor. These will be discussed, and potential problems associated with their use as boron delivery agents will be considered. Nuclear reactors, currently, are the only source of neutrons for BNCT, and the fission process within the core produces a mixture of lower-energy thermal and epithermal neutrons, fast or high (> 10,000 eV) energy neutrons, and gamma rays. Although thermal neutron beams have been used clinically in Japan to treat patients with brain tumors and cutaneous melanomas, epithermal neutron beams should be more useful because of their superior tissue-penetrating properties. Beam sources and characteristics will be discussed in the context of current and future BNCT trials. Finally, the past and present clinical trials on BNCT for brain tumors will be reviewed and the future potential of BNCT will be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Barth
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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