1
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Khamcharoen W, Siangproh W. A multilayer microfluidic paper coupled with an electrochemical platform developed for sample separation and detection of dopamine. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new construction of a multilayer electrochemical microfluidic paper-based analytical device using a single drop of the sample solution was performed for highly selective detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisarut Khamcharoen
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Srinakharinwirot University
- Bangkok 10110
- Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Srinakharinwirot University
- Bangkok 10110
- Thailand
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2
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Li Y, He R, Niu Y, Li F. Paper-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Point-of-Care Testing of Neurotransmitters. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-019-00085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Di Santo S, Widmer HR. Neurotrophic factor-based strategies to enhance survival and differentiation of neural progenitor cells toward the dopaminergic phenotype. Brain Circ 2018; 4:139-141. [PMID: 30450422 PMCID: PMC6187939 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_23_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that presents with hallmark clinical symptoms of tremor at rest, bradykinesia, and muscle rigidity. Stem cell therapy has emerged as an experimental treatment for PD. However, optimizing the cell culture condition that allows enhanced survival and differentiation of cells toward the dopaminergic phenotype remains a logistical challenge. Here, we discuss the utility of a combination of neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in increasing the dopaminergic phenotypic expression of rat ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue. Using organotypic explant cultures of fetal human ventral mesencephalon, we observed that NT-4/5 and GDNF as single factors, or in combination on DAergic neurons, increased survival and number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons as well as the dopamine content in the culture medium. The application of specific neurotrophic factors, such as NT-4/5 and GDNF, as cell culture supplements or as adjunctive therapy to cell transplantation may achieve improved functional outcomes when contemplating cell-based regenerative medicine for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Santo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans R Widmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Wang YK, Zhu WW, Wu MH, Wu YH, Liu ZX, Liang LM, Sheng C, Hao J, Wang L, Li W, Zhou Q, Hu BY. Human Clinical-Grade Parthenogenetic ESC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons Recover Locomotive Defects of Nonhuman Primate Models of Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:171-182. [PMID: 29910127 PMCID: PMC6067059 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of stem cell derivatives requires clinical-grade cells and sufficient preclinical proof of safety and efficacy, preferably in primates. We previously successfully established a clinical-grade human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cell (hPESC) line, but the suitability of its subtype-specific progenies for therapy is not clear. Here, we compared the function of clinical-grade hPESC-derived midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons in two canonical protocols in a primate Parkinson's disease (PD) model. We found that the grafts did not form tumors and produced variable but apparent behavioral improvement for at least 24 months in most monkeys in both groups. In addition, a slight DA increase in the striatum correlates with significant functional improvement. These results demonstrated that clinical-grade hPESCs can serve as a reliable source of cells for PD treatment. Our proof-of-concept findings provide preclinical data for China's first ESC-based phase I/IIa clinical study of PD (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03119636).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wan-Wan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meng-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ling-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bao-Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Di Santo S, Meyer M, Ducray AD, Andereggen L, Widmer HR. A Combination of NT-4/5 and GDNF Is Favorable for Cultured Human Nigral Neural Progenitor Cells. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:648-653. [PMID: 29701077 PMCID: PMC6041882 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717753188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder,
clinically manifested by cardinal motor symptoms including tremor at rest, bradykinesia,
and muscle rigidity. Transplantation of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is an experimental
therapy for PD, however, it is limited by suboptimal integration and low survival of
grafts. Pretreatment of donor tissue may offer a strategy to improve properties of
transplanted DAergic neurons and thereby clinical outcome. We have previously shown that a
combination of neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
(GDNF) demonstrated additive effects on rat ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue. The present
study investigated the effects of NT-4/5 and GDNF as single factors, or in combination on
DAergic neurons, in organotypic explant cultures of fetal human ventral mesencephalon. For
that purpose, free-floating roller-tube cultures were prepared from VM and the equally
sized pieces grown for 1 week in the presence or absence of neurotrophic factors. Both
neurotrophic factors increased dopamine content in the culture medium and in the number of
tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons, most prominently after combined GDNF + NT-4/5
treatment. Culture volumes did not differ between groups while content of lactate
dehydrogenase in the culture medium was moderately reduced in all treated groups. In
conclusion, we identified that a combination of GDNF and NT-4/5 robustly promoted
differentiation and survival of human fetal VM DAergic neurons, an observation with
potential promising impact for cell replacement approaches in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Santo
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Morten Meyer
- 2 Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,3 Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Angélique D Ducray
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,4 Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Andereggen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans R Widmer
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Neuro-differentiated Ntera2 cancer stem cells encapsulated in alginate beads: First evidence of biological functionality. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Chung SY, Kishinevsky S, Mazzulli JR, Graziotto J, Mrejeru A, Mosharov EV, Puspita L, Valiulahi P, Sulzer D, Milner TA, Taldone T, Krainc D, Studer L, Shim JW. Parkin and PINK1 Patient iPSC-Derived Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Exhibit Mitochondrial Dysfunction and α-Synuclein Accumulation. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:664-677. [PMID: 27641647 PMCID: PMC5063469 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra; however, the mechanism of neurodegeneration in PD remains unclear. A subset of familial PD is linked to mutations in PARK2 and PINK1, which lead to dysfunctional mitochondria-related proteins Parkin and PINK1, suggesting that pathways implicated in these monogenic forms could play a more general role in PD. We demonstrate that the identification of disease-related phenotypes in PD-patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons depends on the type of differentiation protocol utilized. In a floor-plate-based but not a neural-rosette-based directed differentiation strategy, iPSC-derived mDA neurons recapitulate PD phenotypes, including pathogenic protein accumulation, cell-type-specific vulnerability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormal neurotransmitter homeostasis. We propose that these form a pathogenic loop that contributes to disease. Our study illustrates the promise of iPSC technology for examining PD pathogenesis and identifying therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Chung
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 256, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Kishinevsky
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 256, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John Graziotto
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ana Mrejeru
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lesly Puspita
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - Parvin Valiulahi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tony Taldone
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 256, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jae-Won Shim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25, Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea.
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8
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Sodium dodecyl sulfate-modified electrochemical paper-based analytical device for determination of dopamine levels in biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 744:1-7. [PMID: 22935367 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of an electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) for the selective determination of dopamine (DA) in model serum sample. The ePAD device consists of three layers. In the top layer, SU-8 photoresist defines a hydrophilic sample application spot on the filter paper. The middle layer was made from transparency film and contained two holes, one for sample preconcentration and the other for the surfactant to allow transfer to the third layer. A screen-printed carbon electrode formed the bottom layer and was used for electrochemical measurements. In the absence of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the oxidation peaks of DA, ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) overlapped. With the addition of SDS, the DA oxidation peak shifted to more negative values and was clearly distinguishable from AA and UA. The oxidation potential shift was presumably due to preferential electrostatic interactions between the cationic DA and the anionic SDS. Indeed, whilst the SDS-modified paper improved the DA current five-fold, the non-ionic Tween-20 and cationic tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants had no effect or reduced the current, respectively. Furthermore, only the SDS-modified paper showed the selective shift in oxidation potential for DA. DA determination was carried out using square-wave voltammetry between -0.2 and 0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl, and this ePAD was able to detect DA over a linear range of 1-100 μM with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.37 μM. The ePAD seems suitable as a low cost, easy-to-use, portable device for the selective quantitation of DA in human serum samples.
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Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons play a critical role in motor function and in reward-related motivational behaviors. The goal of developing a renewable source of human midbrain dopamine neurons was prompted by the pioneering studies on the use of human fetal dopamine neurons as an experimental therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. More recently, dopamine neurons have also turned into an important tool for modeling of Parkinson's disease in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Protocols for the directed differentiation of mouse ESCs into midbrain dopamine neurons have been developed more than a decade ago and the successful derivation of human midbrain dopamine neurons was reported soon after. However, the initial human ESC reports were unable to demonstrate efficient in vivo dopamine neuron engraftment. Only very recently, those challenges have been overcome by using an alternative differentiation strategy that is based on deriving midbrain dopamine neurons via a distinct midbrain floor plate intermediate. With those novel tools in hand, it should now become possible to test the full potential of midbrain dopamine neurons in regenerative medicine and human disease modeling. However, several challenges remain such as the need to develop strategies that can enrich for selective subtypes of midbrain dopamine neurons, techniques to control postmitotic dopamine neuron maturation, and finally, clinical grade differentiation protocols that enable the production dopamine neurons suitable for human cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Dopamine neurons derived from human ES cells efficiently engraft in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Nature 2011; 480:547-51. [PMID: 22056989 PMCID: PMC3245796 DOI: 10.1038/nature10648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1335] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of cells for applications in regenerative medicine. Directed differentiation of hPSCs into specialized cells such as spinal motoneurons1 or midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons2 has been achieved. However, the effective use of hPSCs for cell therapy has lagged behind. While mouse PSC-derived DA neurons have shown efficacy in models of Parkinson’s disease (PD)3, 4, DA neurons from human PSCs generally display poor in vivo performance5. There are also considerable safety concerns for hPSCs related to their potential for teratoma formation or neural overgrowth6, 7 Here we present a novel floor plate-based strategy for the derivation of human DA neurons that efficiently engraft in vivo, suggesting that past failures were due to incomplete specification rather than a specific vulnerability of the cells. Midbrain floor plate precursors are derived from hPSCs in 11 days following exposure to small molecule activators of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and canonical WNT signaling. Engraftable midbrain DA neurons are obtained by day 25 and can be maintained in vitro for several months. Extensive molecular profiling, biochemical and electrophysiological data define developmental progression and confirm identity of hPSC-derived midbrain DA neurons. In vivo survival and function is demonstrated in PD models using three host species. Long-term engraftment in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice and rats demonstrates robust survival of midbrain DA neurons, complete restoration of amphetamine-induced rotation behavior and improvements in tests of forelimb use and akinesia. Finally, scalability is demonstrated by transplantation into Parkinsonian monkeys. Excellent DA neuron survival, function and lack of neural overgrowth in the three animal models indicate promise for the development of cell based therapies in PD.
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11
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Mauth C, Pavlica S, Deiwick A, Steffen A, Bader A. The influence of oxygen supply on metabolism of neural cells cultured on a gas-permeable PTFE foil. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1724-32. [PMID: 20662095 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The influence of oxygen on neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis is of great interest for regenerative therapies in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. These oxygen depending mechanisms have to been considered for the optimization of neural cell culture conditions. In this study, we used a cell culture system with an oxygen-permeable polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) foil to investigate the effect of oxygen on metabolism and survival of neural cell lines in vitro. Human glial astrocytoma-derived cells (GOS-3) and rat pheochromacytoma cells (PC12) were cultured on the gas-permeable PTFE foil as well as a conventional non oxygen-permeable cell culture substrate at various oxygen concentrations. Analyses of metabolic activity, gene expression of apoptotic grade, and dopamine synthesis were performed. Under low oxygen partial pressure (2%, 5%) the anaerobic metabolism and apoptotic rate of cultured cells is diminished on PTFE foil when compared with the conventional culture dishes. In contrast, under higher oxygen atmosphere (21%) the number of apoptotic cells on the PTFE foil was enhanced. This culture model demonstrates a suitable model for the improvement of oxygen dependent metabolism under low oxygen conditions as well as for induction of oxidative stress by high oxygen atmosphere without supplementation of neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Mauth
- Dept. of Cell Techniques and Stem Cell Biology, Biotechnological Biomedical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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12
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Song T, Chen G, Wang Y, Mao G, Wang Y, Bai H. Chemically defined sequential culture media for TH+ cell derivation from human embryonic stem cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2008; 14:619-25. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gan058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Chakrabarty K, Serchov T, Mann SA, Dietzel ID, Heumann R. Enhancement of dopaminergic properties and protection mediated by neuronal activation of Ras in mouse ventral mesencephalic neurones. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25:1971-81. [PMID: 17439485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The poor differentiation and survival of dopaminergic neurones are practical constraints in their therapeutic applications. Here we explored the role of neuronally activated Ras in ventral mesencephalon-derived neurospheres generated from synRas mouse embryos. The expression of Val12 Ha-Ras transgene and enhanced Ras activity was evident after differentiation of the neurospheres with a corresponding activating phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, the target kinase of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, along with phosphorylation of Bad and CREB were enhanced in synRas-derived differentiated neurosphere cultures. Furthermore, increased Nurr1 expression was associated with elevated numbers of dopaminergic neurones in synRas-derived cultures compared with the wild-type. Correspondingly, tyrosine hydroxylase promoter assays revealed enhanced transcriptional activation of the promoter in synRas-derived cultures. synRas-derived dopaminergic neurones were greatly resistant to degeneration induced by various noxious stimuli. Consistently, the transgenic expression of activated Ras attenuated the adverse 6-hydroxydopamine effects on dopaminergic neurones. Dopaminergic neurones derived from both wild-type and synRas cultures expressed voltage-gated potassium and sodium currents, fired action potentials and exhibited electrical network activity. Thus, expression of the transgene promotes survival and enhances differentiation towards a dopaminergic cell fate without altering their basic electrical properties. Our results suggest that intracellular cell therapy mimicking trophic signalling may offer potential benefit in models of human disease associated with dopamine neurone dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Chakrabarty
- Department of Molecular Neurobiochemistry, NC7/174, Ruhr University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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14
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Kato T, Heike T, Okawa K, Haruyama M, Shiraishi K, Yoshimoto M, Nagato M, Shibata M, Kumada T, Yamanaka Y, Hattori H, Nakahata T. A neurosphere-derived factor, cystatin C, supports differentiation of ES cells into neural stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6019-24. [PMID: 16595632 PMCID: PMC1458690 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509789103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of unlimited proliferation and pluripotent differentiation, effective preparation of neural stem cells from ES cells are not achieved. Here, we have directly generated under the coculture with dissociated primary neurosphere cells in serum-free medium and the same effect was observed when ES cells were cultured with conditioned medium of primary neurosphere culture (CMPNC). ES-neural stem cells (NSCs) could proliferate for more than seven times and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo. The responsible molecule in CMPNC was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which turned out to be cystatin C. Purified cystatin C in place of the CMPNC could generate ES-NSCs efficiently with self-renewal and multidifferentiation potentials. These results reveal the validity of cystatin C for generating NSCs from ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katsuya Okawa
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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15
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Jakobsen B, Gramsbergen JB, Møller Dall A, Rosenblad C, Zimmer J. Characterization of organotypic ventral mesencephalic cultures from embryonic mice and protection against MPP toxicity by GDNF. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 21:2939-48. [PMID: 15978005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We characterized organotypic ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures derived from embryonic day 12 (E12) mice (CBL57/bL6) in terms of number of dopaminergic neurons, cell soma size and dopamine production in relation to time in vitro and tested the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) and glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to validate this novel culture model. Dopamine production and dopaminergic neuron soma size increased dramatically with time in vitro, whereas the number of dopamine neurons declined by approximately 30% between week 1 and week 2, which was further reduced after week 4. GDNF treatment (100 ng/mL) increased dopaminergic neuron soma size (up to 43%) and DOPAC production (approximately three-fold), but not the number of dopamine neurons in control cultures. One-week-old cultures were more vulnerable to MPP(+), than three-week-old cultures. The EC(50) for dopamine depletion after 2 days exposure and 15 days of recovery were 0.6 and 7 microm, respectively. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment with GDNF are important to obtain maximal protection against MPP(+) toxicity. In one-week-old cultures (5 microm MPP(+), 2 days) GDNF provided potent neuroprotection with dopamine contents reaching control levels and number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)(+) cells up to 80% of control, but in three-week-old cultures (10 microm MPP(+), 2 days) the protective potential of GDNF was markedly reduced. Long recovery periods after MPP(+) exposure are required to distinguish between reversible or irreversible toxic and/or trophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jakobsen
- Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 21, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Perrier AL, Tabar V, Barberi T, Rubio ME, Bruses J, Topf N, Harrison NL, Studer L. Derivation of midbrain dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:12543-8. [PMID: 15310843 PMCID: PMC515094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404700101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are defined by their extensive self-renewal capacity and their potential to differentiate into any cell type of the human body. The challenge in using hES cells for developmental biology and regenerative medicine has been to direct the wide differentiation potential toward the derivation of a specific cell fate. Within the nervous system, hES cells have been shown to differentiate in vitro into neural progenitor cells, neurons, and astrocytes. However, to our knowledge, the selective derivation of any given neuron subtype has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we describe conditions to direct hES cells into neurons of midbrain dopaminergic identity. Neuroectodermal differentiation was triggered on stromal feeder cells followed by regional specification by means of the sequential application of defined patterning molecules that direct in vivo midbrain development. Progression toward a midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron fate was monitored by the sequential expression of key transcription factors, including Pax2, Pax5, and engrailed-1 (En1), measurements of DA release, the presence of tetrodotoxin-sensitive action potentials, and the electron-microscopic visualization of tyrosinehydroxylase-positive synaptic terminals. High-yield DA neuron derivation was confirmed from three independent hES and two monkey embryonic stem cell lines. The availability of unlimited numbers of midbrain DA neurons is a first step toward exploring the potential of hES cells in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. This experimental system also provides a powerful tool to probe the molecular mechanisms that control the development and function of human midbrain DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselme L Perrier
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Division of Neurosurgery and Developmental Biology Program, and Cell Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA
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17
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Shim JW, Koh HC, Chang MY, Roh E, Choi CY, Oh YJ, Son H, Lee YS, Studer L, Lee SH. Enhanced in vitro midbrain dopamine neuron differentiation, dopaminergic function, neurite outgrowth, and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium resistance in mouse embryonic stem cells overexpressing Bcl-XL. J Neurosci 2004; 24:843-52. [PMID: 14749429 PMCID: PMC6729826 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3977-03.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells provide a potentially unlimited source of specialized cells for regenerative medicine. The ease of inducing stable genetic modifications in ES cells allows for in vitro manipulations to enhance differentiation into specific cell types and to optimize in vivo function of differentiated progeny in animal models of disease. We have generated mouse ES cells that constitutively express Bcl-XL, an antiapoptotic protein of Bcl-2 family. In vitro differentiation of Bcl-XL overexpressing ES (Bcl-ES) cells resulted in higher expression of genes related to midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron development and increased the number of ES-derived neurons expressing midbrain DA markers compared with differentiation of wild-type ES cells. Moreover, DA neurons derived from Bcl-ES cells were less susceptible to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium, a neurotoxin for DA neurons. On transplantation into parkinsonian rats, the Bcl-ES-derived DA neurons exhibited more extensive fiber outgrowth and led to a more pronounced reversal of behavioral symptoms than wild-type ES-derived DA neurons. These data suggest a role for Bcl-XL during in vitro midbrain DA neuron differentiation and provide an improved system for cell transplantation in a preclinical animal model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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18
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Storch A, Lester HA, Boehm BO, Schwarz J. Functional characterization of dopaminergic neurons derived from rodent mesencephalic progenitor cells. J Chem Neuroanat 2003; 26:133-42. [PMID: 14599663 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-0618(03)00067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells existing in the developing and adult brain retain the capacity to self renew and to produce the major cell types of the brain opening new avenues for restorative therapy of neuropsychiatric disorders. These cells can be grown in vitro while retaining the potential to differentiate into nervous tissue. A primary target for neurorestoration is Parkinson's disease, characterized by a continuous loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta leading to dopamine depletion in the striatum and subsequent clinical symptoms including bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor. We established a protocol for long-term expansion and dopaminergic differentiation of rodent and human mesencephalic neural progenitor cells. Here we perform functional studies using both biochemical and electrophysiological techniques on dopaminergic neurons derived from rodent mesencephalic progenitor cells labeled with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene promotor-driven expression of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). Thus, we demonstrate that these cells produce and release dopamine, express voltage-gated potassium and sodium currents, and fire action potentials. Furthermore, we detect a slowly activating hyperpolarization-activated inward cation current (I(h)), which is specific for dopaminergic neurons among present midbrain neurons. Our results demonstrate that differentiated mesencephalic progenitors exhibit some major morphological and functional characteristics of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, these neural progenitor cells might serve as a useful source of dopaminergic neurons for studying the development and degeneration of these cells and may further serve as a continuous, on-demand source of cells for therapeutic transplantation in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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19
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Barberi T, Klivenyi P, Calingasan NY, Lee H, Kawamata H, Loonam K, Perrier AL, Bruses J, Rubio ME, Topf N, Tabar V, Harrison NL, Beal MF, Moore MAS, Studer L. Neural subtype specification of fertilization and nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells and application in parkinsonian mice. Nat Biotechnol 2003; 21:1200-7. [PMID: 14502203 DOI: 10.1038/nbt870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2003] [Accepted: 07/01/2003] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Existing protocols for the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells require extended in vitro culture, yield variable differentiation results or are limited to the generation of selected neural subtypes. Here we provide a set of coculture conditions that allows rapid and efficient derivation of most central nervous system phenotypes. The fate of both fertilization- and nuclear transfer-derived ES (ntES) cells was directed selectively into neural stem cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or neurons. Specific differentiation into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine, serotonin or motor neurons was achieved by defining conditions to induce forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord identity. Neuronal function of ES cell-derived dopaminergic neurons was shown in vitro by electron microscopy, measurement of neurotransmitter release and intracellular recording. Furthermore, transplantation of ES and ntES cell-derived dopaminergic neurons corrected the phenotype of a mouse model of Parkinson disease, demonstrating an in vivo application of therapeutic cloning in neural disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Barberi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Division of Neurosurgery and Developmental Biology Program, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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20
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Kim JY, Koh HC, Lee JY, Chang MY, Kim YC, Chung HY, Son H, Lee YS, Studer L, McKay R, Lee SH. Dopaminergic neuronal differentiation from rat embryonic neural precursors by Nurr1 overexpression. J Neurochem 2003; 85:1443-54. [PMID: 12787064 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In vitro expanded CNS precursors could provide a renewable source of dopamine (DA) neurons for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. Functional DA neurons have been derived previously from early midbrain precursors. Here we demonstrate the ability of Nurr1, a nuclear orphan receptor essential for midbrain DA neuron development in vivo, to induce dopaminergic differentiation in naïve CNS precursors in vitro. Independent of gestational age or brain region of origin, Nurr1-induced precursors expressed dopaminergic markers and exhibited depolarization-evoked DA release in vitro. However, these cells were less mature and secreted lower levels of DA than those derived from mesencephalic precursors. Transplantation of Nurr1-induced DA neuron precursors resulted in limited survival and in vivo differentiation. No behavioral improvement in apomorphine-induced rotation scores was observed. These results demonstrate that Nurr1 induces dopaminergic features in naïve CNS precursors in vitro. However, additional factors will be required to achieve in vivo function and to unravel the full potential of neural precursors for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, and Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Madsen JT, Jansen P, Hesslinger C, Meyer M, Zimmer J, Gramsbergen JB. Tetrahydrobiopterin precursor sepiapterin provides protection against neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in nigral slice cultures. J Neurochem 2003; 85:214-23. [PMID: 12641743 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complex-I inhibition and oxidative processes have been implicated in the loss of nigral dopamine neurones in Parkinson's disease and the toxicity of MPTP and its metabolite MPP+. Tetrahydrobiopterin, an essential cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, may act as an antioxidant in dopaminergic neurones and protects against the toxic consequences of glutathione depletion. Here we studied the effects of manipulating tetrahydrobiopterin levels on MPP+ toxicity in organotypic, rat ventral mesencephalic slice cultures. In cultures exposed to 30 micro m MPP+ for 2 days, followed by 8 days 'recovery' in control medium, we measured dopamine and its metabolites in the tissue and culture medium by HPLC, lactate dehydrogenase release to the culture medium, cellular uptake of propidium iodide and counted the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurones. Inhibition of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis by 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine had no significant synergistic effect on MPP+ toxicity. In contrast, the tetrahydrobiopterin precursor l-sepiapterin attenuated the MPP+-induced dopamine depletion and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner with 40 micro m l-sepiapterin providing maximal protection. Accordingly, increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin levels may protect against oxidative stress by complex-I inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Torp Madsen
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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22
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Gramsbergen JB, Sandberg M, Møller Dall A, Kornblit B, Zimmer J. Glutathione depletion in nigrostriatal slice cultures: GABA loss, dopamine resistance and protection by the tetrahydrobiopterin precursor sepiapterin. Brain Res 2002; 935:47-58. [PMID: 12062472 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in culture are preferentially resistant to the toxicity of glutathione (GSH) depletion. This effect may be due to high intrinsic levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)). Here we studied the effects of manipulating GSH and/or BH(4) levels on selective neurotoxicity in organotypic nigrostriatal slice cultures. Following treatments with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 10-100 microM, 2 days exposure, 2 days recovery), either alone or in combination with the BH(4) precursor L-sepiapterin (SEP, 20 microM), or the BH(4) synthesis inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP, 5 mM), toxic effects were assessed by HPLC analysis of medium and tissues, cellular propidium iodide (PI) uptake, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux, as well as stereological counting of tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) positive cells. Thirty micromolar BSO produced 91% GSH and 81% GABA depletion and general cell death, but no significant effect on medium homovanillic acid (HVA) or tissue dopamine (DA) levels. SEP prevented or delayed GABA depletion, PI uptake and LDH efflux by BSO, whereas DAHP in combination with BSO caused (almost) complete loss of medium HVA, tissue DA and TH positive cells. We suggest that under pathological conditions with reduced GSH, impaired synthesis of BH(4) may accelerate nigral cell loss, whereas increasing intracellular BH(4) may provide protection to both DA and GABA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bert Gramsbergen
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Biology, SDU-Odense University, Winsloewparken 21, DK-5000 C Odense, Denmark.
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23
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Meyer M, Matarredona ER, Seiler RW, Zimmer J, Widmer HR. Additive effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4/5 on rat fetal nigral explant cultures. Neuroscience 2002; 108:273-84. [PMID: 11734360 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of embryonic dopaminergic neurons is an experimental therapy for Parkinson's disease, but limited tissue availability and suboptimal survival of grafted dopaminergic neurons impede more widespread clinical application. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) exert neurotrophic effects on dopaminergic neurons via different receptor systems. In this study, we investigated possible additive or synergistic effects of combined GDNF and NT-4/5 treatment on rat embryonic (embryonic day 14) nigral explant cultures grown for 8 days. Contrary to cultures treated with GDNF alone, cultures exposed to NT-4/5 and GDNF+NT-4/5 were significantly larger than controls (1.6- and 2.0-fold, respectively) and contained significantly more protein (1.6-fold). Treatment with GDNF, NT-4/5 and GDNF+NT-4/5 significantly increased dopamine levels in the culture medium by 1.5-, 2.5- and 4.7-fold, respectively, compared to control levels, and the numbers of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons increased by 1.7-, 2.1-, and 3.4-fold, respectively. Tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity was moderately increased in all treatment groups compared to controls. Counts of nigral neurons containing the calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D28k, revealed a marked increase in these cells by combined GDNF and NT-4/5 treatment. Western blots for neuron-specific enolase suggested an enhanced neuronal content in cultures after combination treatment, whereas the expression of glial markers was unaffected. The release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium was significantly reduced for GDNF+NT-4/5-treated cultures only. These results indicate that combined treatment with GDNF and NT4/5 may be beneficial for embryonic nigral donor tissue either prior to, or in conjunction with, intrastriatal transplantation in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Sánchez-Pernaute R, Studer L, Bankiewicz KS, Major EO, McKay RD. In vitro generation and transplantation of precursor-derived human dopamine neurons. J Neurosci Res 2001; 65:284-8. [PMID: 11494363 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of in vitro expanded human CNS precursors has the potential to overcome some of the ethical, logistic and technical problems of fetal tissue transplantation in Parkinson disease. Cultured rat mesencephalic precursors proliferate in response to bFGF and upon mitogen withdrawal, differentiate into functional dopamine neurons that alleviate motor symptoms in Parkinsonian rats (Studer et al. [1998] Nat. Neurosci. 1:290-295). The successful clinical application of CNS precursor technology in Parkinson disease will depend on the efficient in vitro generation of human dopaminergic neurons. We demonstrate that human dopamine neurons can be generated from both midbrain and cortical precursors. Transplantation of midbrain precursor-derived dopamine neurons into Parkinsonian rats resulted in grafts rich in tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons 6 weeks after transplantation. No surviving tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons could be detected when dopamine neurons derived from cortical precursors were grafted. Our data demonstrate in vitro derivation of human dopamine neurons from expanded CNS precursors and encourage further studies that systematically address in vivo function and clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sánchez-Pernaute
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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25
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Storch A, Paul G, Csete M, Boehm BO, Carvey PM, Kupsch A, Schwarz J. Long-term proliferation and dopaminergic differentiation of human mesencephalic neural precursor cells. Exp Neurol 2001; 170:317-25. [PMID: 11476598 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2001.7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report on generation of dopamine neurons from long-term cultures of human fetal mesencephalic precursor cells. These CNS precursor cells were successfully expanded in vitro using the mitogens epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Incubation of these cultures in 3% atmospheric oxygen resulted in higher cellular yields than room air. Following incubation in differentiation media containing interleukin (IL)-1b (IL-1b), IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), up to 1% of the precursor cells converted into cells immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for dopamine neurons. The TH immunoreactive cells exhibited morphological and functional properties characteristic of dopamine neurons in culture. These precursor cells might serve as a useful source of human dopamine neurons for studying the development and degeneration of human dopamine neurons and may further serve as a continuous, on-demand source of cells for therapeutic transplantation in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm Medical School, Ulm, Germany.
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26
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27
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Victorov IV, Lyjin AA, Aleksandrova OP. A modified roller method for organotypic brain cultures: free-floating slices of postnatal rat hippocampus. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS 2001; 7:30-7. [PMID: 11275521 DOI: 10.1016/s1385-299x(00)00059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel procedure for organotypic cultivation of free-floating brain sections of postnatal rats with a modified roller technique. Three hundred to 350-microm-thick sections of hippocampus are cultured for 13-15 days at 35.5 degrees C in 10-15 ml of feeding medium in 50-100 ml bottles under constant rotation on a horizontal high-speed mini-roller (60 rpm). Histological analysis (paraffin sections, Nissl Cresyl Violet and Hematoxylin/Eosin staining) demonstrates good survival of neuronal and glial cells and complete preservation of the neuronal organization of cultivated hippocampus with minimal central necrosis. This novel protocol permits not only survival and development of long-term three-dimensional organotypic postnatal brain tissue but also allows simultaneous cultivation of any number of brain sections in one bottle (up to 50 and even more) and therefore is useful for high throughput study of neurocytotoxic and hypoxic/ischemic neuronal damage with subsequent histological, immunocytochemical, biochemical, and molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Victorov
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurocytology, Brain Research Institute, Pereulok Obukha 5, 103064, Moscow, Russia.
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28
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Enhanced proliferation, survival, and dopaminergic differentiation of CNS precursors in lowered oxygen. J Neurosci 2001. [PMID: 11007896 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.20-19-07377.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard cell culture systems impose environmental oxygen (O(2)) levels of 20%, whereas actual tissue O(2) levels in both developing and adult brain are an order of magnitude lower. To address whether proliferation and differentiation of CNS precursors in vitro are influenced by the O(2) environment, we analyzed embryonic day 12 rat mesencephalic precursor cells in traditional cultures with 20% O(2) and in lowered O(2) (3 +/- 2%). Proliferation was promoted and apoptosis was reduced when cells were grown in lowered O(2), yielding greater numbers of precursors. The differentiation of precursor cells into neurons with specific neurotransmitter phenotypes was also significantly altered. The percentage of neurons of dopaminergic phenotype increased to 56% in lowered O(2) compared with 18% in 20% O(2). Together, the increases in total cell number and percentage of dopaminergic neurons resulted in a ninefold net increase in dopamine neuron yield. Differential gene expression analysis revealed more abundant messages for FGF8, engrailed-1, and erythropoietin in lowered O(2). Erythropoietin supplementation of 20% O(2) cultures partially mimicked increased dopaminergic differentiation characteristic of CNS precursors cultured in lowered O(2). These data demonstrate increased proliferation, reduced cell death, and enhanced dopamine neuron generation in lowered O(2), making this method an important advance in the ex vivo generation of specific neurons for brain repair.
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29
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Höglinger GU, Widmer HR, Spenger C, Meyer M, Seiler RW, Oertel WH, Sautter J. Influence of time in culture and BDNF pretreatment on survival and function of grafted embryonic rat ventral mesencephalon in the 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2001; 167:148-57. [PMID: 11161602 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic midbrain can be maintained as free-floating roller tube cultures prior to grafting in experimental Parkinson's disease. We examined the influence of pregrafting culture time and pretreatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor on graft survival and function. Cultures were prepared from solid pieces of embryonic (E14) rat ventral mesencephalon and maintained 4, 8, or 12 days in vitro with or without brain-derived neurotrophic factor (100 ng/ml) and grafted into the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Graft survival and function were evaluated by amphetamine-induced rotation behavior, number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons, striatal reinnervation, and graft volume. Rats receiving untreated tissue cultured for 4 or 8 days displayed no differences in graft quality, while grafts from 12-day-old cultures contained significantly fewer (P < 0.05) tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons (340 +/- 97, 267 +/- 92, and 62 +/- 19) and displayed a lower survival rate (9.6 +/- 2.7, 7.9 +/- 2.7, and 2.6 +/- 0.8% for 4, 8, and 12 days in vitro, respectively). Only rats grafted with 4- and 8-day-old cultures recovered significantly (P < 0.05) from lesion-induced rotations (69.4 +/- 18.6, 70.3 +/- 13.9, and 23.2 +/- 12.1% for 4, 8, and 12 days in vitro, respectively). Striatal reinnervation decreased with increasing culture time (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of the cultures with brain-derived neurotrophic factor affected only graft-induced fiber reinnervation, which was reduced even after short culture times. We therefore suggest that a storage period of 8 days is well suited to maintain embryonic rat ventral mesencephalon with the free-floating roller tube culture technique prior to transplantation. BDNF pretreatment as a new strategy to improve graft survival and function, however, was not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- G U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Marburg, Marburg, 35039, Germany
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30
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Yan J, Studer L, McKay RD. Ascorbic acid increases the yield of dopaminergic neurons derived from basic fibroblast growth factor expanded mesencephalic precursors. J Neurochem 2001; 76:307-11. [PMID: 11146004 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CNS precursors derived from E12 rat mesencephalon proliferate in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor and differentiate in vitro into functional dopaminergic neurons, which upon transplantation alleviate behavioral symptoms in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Here we show that the efficiency of dopaminergic differentiation decreases in the mesencephalic precursors that were proliferated or passaged for extended periods in vitro. Ascorbic acid treatment restored dopaminergic differentiation in these precursors and led to a greater than 10-fold increase in dopamine neuron yield compared with untreated cultures. The effect of ascorbic acid was stereospecific and could not be mimicked by any other antioxidants. The expression of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter, a recently identified stereospecific ascorbic acid transporter, was maintained in mesencephalic precursors for extended in vitro periods. Pre-treatment of in vitro expanded mesencephalic precursors with ascorbic acid might facilitate the large-scale generation of dopaminergic neurons for clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Meyer M, Johansen J, Gramsbergen JB, Johansen TE, Zimmer J. Improved survival of embryonic porcine dopaminergic neurons in coculture with a conditionally immortalized GDNF-producing hippocampal cell line. Exp Neurol 2000; 164:82-93. [PMID: 10877918 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of embryonic nigral tissue is used as an experimental therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease but is hampered by a limited survival rate of dopaminergic neurons. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent survival factor for nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and the present in vitro study aimed at improving the survival of dopaminergic neurons in porcine mesencephalic brain slice cultures by adding transfected, immortalized, temperature-sensitive GDNF-releasing HiB5 cells (HiB5-GDNF). Embryonic (E27/28) porcine ventral mesencephalic brain slices were placed on membrane inserts in six-well plates with serum-containing medium, and HiB5-GDNF, nontransfected HiB5 cells (HiB5-control), or green fluorescent protein-producing HiB5 cells (HiB5-GFP) were seeded onto each tissue slice. The concentration of GDNF in the coculture medium was 0.49 +/- 0.13 ng/ml at day 9 and 0. 22 +/- 0.05 ng/ml at day 19 (mean +/- SEM) as measured by GDNF ELISA. The decrease in release of GDNF over time was paralleled by a gradual reduction in the number of HiB5-GFP cells expressing the reporter gene (EGFP). At day 12, HPLC analysis revealed that medium from HiB5-GDNF cocultures contained 2.0 times more dopamine than medium from HiB5-control cocultures. At day 21 there was 1.6 times more dopamine. Similar results were obtained for the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. At day 21, cell counts showed that HiB5-GDNF cocultures contained 1.5 times more tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons than HiB5-control cocultures, which must be compared with a 1.8 fold increase after chronic treatment with rhGDNF (10 ng/ml). In conclusion, the better survival of HiB5-GDNF cocultures is promising for the generation of effective cell lines for local delivery of neurotrophic factors to intracerebral nigral grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meyer
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU-Odense University, Odense, Denmark
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32
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Lee SH, Lumelsky N, Studer L, Auerbach JM, McKay RD. Efficient generation of midbrain and hindbrain neurons from mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18:675-9. [PMID: 10835609 DOI: 10.1038/76536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1015] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are clonal cell lines derived from the inner cell mass of the developing blastocyst that can proliferate extensively in vitro and are capable of adopting all the cell fates in a developing embryo. Clinical interest in the use of ES cells has been stimulated by studies showing that isolated human cells with ES properties from the inner cell mass or developing germ cells can provide a source of somatic precursors. Previous studies have defined in vitro conditions for promoting the development of specific somatic fates, specifically, hematopoietic, mesodermal, and neurectodermal. In this study, we present a method for obtaining dopaminergic (DA) and serotonergic neurons in high yield from mouse ES cells in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ES cells can be obtained in unlimited numbers and that these neuron types are generated efficiently. We generated CNS progenitor populations from ES cells, expanded these cells and promoted their differentiation into dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the presence of mitogen and specific signaling molecules. The differentiation and maturation of neuronal cells was completed after mitogen withdrawal from the growth medium. This experimental system provides a powerful tool for analyzing the molecular mechanisms controlling the functions of these neurons in vitro and in vivo, and potentially for understanding and treating neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Noraberg J, Kristensen BW, Zimmer J. Markers for neuronal degeneration in organotypic slice cultures. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS 1999; 3:278-90. [PMID: 9974143 DOI: 10.1016/s1385-299x(98)00050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes ways of monitoring spontaneous or induced neuronal degeneration in organotypic brain slice cultures. Hippocampal cultures (4-week-old) are grown in normal serum-free control medium, or exposed to the neurotoxin trimethyltin (TMT) (0.5-100 microM) for 24 h or the excitotoxic glutamate agonist kainic acid (KA) (5-25 microM) for 48 h followed by 24 h or 48 h, respectively, in normal medium. Corticostriatal slice cultures (also 4-week-old) are exposed to KA (6-24 microM) for 48 h and normal medium for control. The resulting neurodegeneration is estimated by (a) propidium iodide (PI) uptake, (b) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux to the culture medium, (c) ordinary Nissl cell staining, (d) staining by the neurodegenerative marker Fluoro-Jade (FJ), (e) neuronal microtubule degeneration by immunohistochemical staining for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and (f) Timm sulphide silver staining for heavy metal alterations. Both hippocampal and corticostriatal slice cultures show a dose- and time-dependent increase in PI uptake and LDH efflux after exposure to TMT and KA. The mean PI uptake and the LDH efflux into the medium correlate well for both types of cultures. Both TMT and KA exposed hippocampal cultures display in vivo patterns of differential neuronal vulnerability as evidenced by PI uptake, FJ staining and MAP2 immunostaining. Corticostriatal slice cultures exposed to a high dose of KA display extensive striatal and cortical degeneration in FJ staining as suggested by a high PI uptake. A change in Timm sulphide silver staining in deep central parts of some control cultures, corresponds to areas with loss of cells in cell staining, loss of MAP2 staining, PI uptake, and FJ staining. We conclude that organotypic brain slice cultures, in combination with appropriate markers in standardized protocols, represent feasible means for studies of excitotoxic and neurotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Noraberg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Odense, Denmark.
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Höglinger GU, Sautter J, Meyer M, Spenger C, Seiler RW, Oertel WH, Widmer HR. Rat fetal ventral mesencephalon grown as solid tissue cultures: influence of culture time and BDNF treatment on dopamine neuron survival and function. Brain Res 1998; 813:313-22. [PMID: 9838177 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Free-floating roller tube (FFRT) cultures of fetal rat and human nigral tissue are a means for tissue storage prior to grafting in experimental Parkinson's disease. In the present study, FFRT cultures prepared from embryonic-day-14 rat ventral mesencephalon were maintained for 4, 8, 12, or 16 days in vitro (DIV) in the presence or absence (controls) of BDNF [100 ng/ml]. The dopamine content in the culture medium, analyzed by HPLC, was significantly higher (4-5 fold) in the BDNF group at DIV 8 and DIV 12 compared to the corresponding control levels (40 pg/ml). The number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons was significantly higher for BDNF treated cultures (2729+/-300) at DIV 8, as compared to controls (1679+/-217). At DIV 12, the culture volume was significantly increased by BDNF (1.05+/-0.12 vs. 0.71+/-0.04 mm3). Similar results were obtained for total protein. Western blot analysis demonstrated increasing signals for GFAP with increasing time in culture, but levels for control and BDNF treated cultures did not differ at any time-point investigated. In conclusion, it is suggested that the time window for effective storage of dopaminergic tissue prior to grafting can be extended by using the FFRT culture technique and that the in vitro storage may be further prolonged by treatment with BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- G U Höglinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Studer L, Tabar V, McKay RD. Transplantation of expanded mesencephalic precursors leads to recovery in parkinsonian rats. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1:290-5. [PMID: 10195162 DOI: 10.1038/1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro expansion of central nervous system (CNS) precursors might overcome the limited availability of dopaminergic neurons in transplantation for Parkinson's disease, but generating dopaminergic neurons from in vitro dividing precursors has proven difficult. Here a three-dimensional cell differentiation system was used to convert precursor cells derived from E12 rat ventral mesencephalon into dopaminergic neurons. We demonstrate that CNS precursor cell populations expanded in vitro can efficiently differentiate into dopaminergic neurons, survive intrastriatal transplantation and induce functional recovery in hemiparkinsonian rats. The numerical expansion of primary CNS precursor cells is a new approach that could improve both the ethical and the technical outlook for the use of human fetal tissue in clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Studer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
The clinical prospect of using neural precursor cells for reconstructive approaches in the nervous system has received strong impetus from a recent series of important experimental findings. Transplantation studies in the developing brain have demonstrated that migration and differentiation of neural precursor cells are regulated predominantly by environmental signals. Several observations suggest that the mature CNS retains at least some of these guidance cues. These findings, together with recent evidence for the persistence of neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain, have made precursor cell recruitment a new focus in CNS reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Brüstle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4092, USA.
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