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Hong H, Lee JM, Yun J, Kim YJ, Kim SI, Shin H, Ahn HS, Hwang SJ, Ryu W. Enhanced interfacial electron transfer between thylakoids and RuO 2 nanosheets for photosynthetic energy harvesting. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/20/eabf2543. [PMID: 33980487 PMCID: PMC8115919 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The harvesting of photosynthetic electrons (PEs) directly from photosynthetic complexes has been demonstrated over the past decade. However, their limited efficiency and stability have hampered further practical development. For example, despite its importance, the interfacial electron transfer between the photosynthetic apparatus and the electrode has received little attention. In this study, we modified electrodes with RuO2 nanosheets to enhance the extraction of PEs from thylakoids, and the PE transfer was promoted by proton adsorption and surface polarity characteristics. The adsorbed protons maintained the potential of an electrode more positive, and the surface polarity enhanced thylakoid attachment to the electrode in addition to promoting ensemble docking between the redox species and the electrode. The RuO2 bioanode exhibited a five times larger current density and a four times larger power density than the Au bioanode. Last, the electric calculators were successfully powered by photosynthetic energy using a RuO2 bioanode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonaug Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Mee Lee
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - JaeHyoung Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Il Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeIn Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ju Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - WonHyoung Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Zitare UA, Szuster J, Santalla MC, Morgada MN, Vila AJ, Murgida DH. Dynamical effects in metalloprotein heterogeneous electron transfer. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lee CY, Bond AM. A comparison of the higher order harmonic components derived from large-amplitude Fourier transformed ac voltammetry of myoglobin and heme in DDAB films at a pyrolytic graphite electrode. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:5243-5253. [PMID: 20232815 DOI: 10.1021/la903387n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A debate as to whether heme remains bound or is released in myoglobin molecules incorporated into a didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) film adhered to a pyrolytic graphite electrode has prompted a comparison of their electrochemistry by the highly sensitive large-amplitude Fourier transformed ac voltammetric method. The accessibility of third, fourth, and higher harmonic components that are devoid of background current and the enhanced resolution relative to that available in dc voltammetry have allowed a detailed comparison of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Fe(II)/Fe(I) redox processes of myoglobin and heme molecules to be undertaken as a function of buffer composition and pH and in the presence and absence of NaBr in the buffer and/or film. Under most conditions examined, only very subtle differences, in the Fe(III)/Fe(II) process were found, implying this process cannot be used to indicate the intactness or otherwise of myoglobin in myoglobin-DDAB films. In contrast, higher order ac harmonics obtained from myoglobin-DDAB and heme-DDAB films reveal pH dependent differences with respect to the Fe(II)/Fe(I) couple. Analysis of the ac harmonics, and with the hypothesis that the Fe(II)/Fe(I) process reflects the myoglobin state, suggests that the majority of the iron heme is released from myoglobin-DDAB (pH 5.0, no NaBr) films in contact with pH 5.0 (0.1 M sodium acetate) buffer solution devoid of or containing NaBr. However, myoglobin films prepared with pH 5.0 buffer containing NaBr shows significant difference in the higher harmonic shapes and midpoint potentials in the Fe(II)/Fe(I) process relative to the case when heme molecules are used, although as noted in other studies, a significant fraction of the Mb is rendered electroinactive in the presence of NaBr. The voltammetric responses of myoglobin and heme-DDAB (pH 5.0) films in contact with pH 7.0 (0.1 M) phosphate buffer solution also exhibit significant differences in the Fe(II)/Fe(I) redox couple in the higher harmonics in contrast to a report [de Groot, M.T.; Merkx, M.; Koper, M. T. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 16224] that claimed identical midpoint potentials apply to both films under conditions of dc cyclic voltammetry. The FT-ac voltammetric data therefore suggest that a substantial fraction of myoglobin in myoglobin-DDAB (pH 5.0) films in contact with pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution remains intact. No evidence of a catalytic effect that enhanced the released of heme from myoglobin was found at the pyrolytic graphite electrode surface. In summary, higher harmonic ac voltammetric data indicate that the Fe(II)/Fe(I) process but not the Fe(III)/Fe(II) reflects the state of myoglobin in DDAB films. On this basis, films prepared at pH 5.0 should include NaBr, or else films should be prepared at neutral pH to achieve films with myoglobin remains in its intact near native state when a myoglobin-DDAB film is confined to a graphite electrode surface. Otherwise, the release of heme in myoglobin molecules incorporated into a DDAB film is likely to be a dominant reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yong Lee
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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4
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Fabrication of cytochrome c-poly(5-amino-2-napthalenesulfonic acid) electrode by one step procedure and direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:982-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Jin W, Weng Q, Wu J. Selective Determination of Cytochromecby Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection at a L-Cysteine-Modified Gold Microdisk Array Electrode. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719708006422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zhang L, Jiang X, Niu L, Dong S. Syntheses of fully sulfonated polyaniline nano-networks and its application to the direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1107-15. [PMID: 15913978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fully sulfonated polyaniline nano-particles, nano-fibrils and nano-networks have been achieved for the first time by electrochemical homopolymerization of orthanilic acid using a three-step electrochemical deposition procedure in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile (ACN) and water. The diameter of the uniform nano-particles is about 60 nm, and the nano-fibrils can be organized in two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) non-periodic networks with good electrical contact. Average distance between contacts is about 850 and 600nm for a 2D and 3D system, respectively. The details of the poly(orthanilic acid) (POA) nano-structure were examined with a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structure and properties of POA were characterized with FTIR, UV-vis and electrochemical methods. The 3D POA nano-networks coated platinum electrode gave a direct electrochemical behavior of horse heart cytochrome c (Cyt c) immobilized on this electrode surface, a pair of well-defined redox waves with formal potential (E( degrees ')) of -0.032 V (versus Ag/AgCl) was achieved. The interaction between Cyt c and POA makes the formal potential shift negatively compared to that of Cyt c in solution. Spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods were used to investigate the interaction of Cyt c with POA. The immobilized Cyt c in the nano-networks POA film maintained its activity, showing a surface-controlled electrode process with the electron transfer rate constant (k(s)) of 21s(-1) and a of 0.53, and could be used for the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The quantitative determination of Cyt c by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using the fully sulfonated 3D POA nano-networks film coated platinum electrode was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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8
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McEvoy JP, Foord JS. Direct electrochemistry of blue copper proteins at boron-doped diamond electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Zheng Q, Liu Z, Cai R. Determination of myoglobin based on its enzymatic activity by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 61:1035-1038. [PMID: 15741099 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2004.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new method has been developed for the determination of myoglobin (Mb) based on its enzymatic activity for the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) with hydrogen peroxide. Stopped-flow spectrophotometry was used to study the kinetic behavior of the oxidation reaction. The catalytic activity of Mb was compared to other three kinds of catalyst. The time dependent absorbance of the reaction product, 2,3-diamimophenazine (DAPN), at a wavelength of 426 nm was recorded. The initial reaction rate obtained at 40 degrees C was found to be proportional to the concentration of Mb in the range of 1.0 x 10(-6) to 4.0 x 10(-9)mol L(-1). The detection limit of Mb was found to be 9.93 x 10(-10)mol L(-1). The relative standard deviations were within 5% for the determination of different concentrations of Mb. Excess of bovine serum albumin (BSA), Ca(II), Mg(II), Cu(II), glucose, caffeine, lactose and uric acid did not interfere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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10
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Ren C, Song Y, Li Z, Zhu G. Hydrogen peroxide sensor based on horseradish peroxidase immobilized on a silver nanoparticles/cysteamine/gold electrode. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:1179-85. [PMID: 15791483 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-3032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A third-generation hydrogen peroxide biosensor was prepared by immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on a gold electrode modified with silver nanoparticles. A freshly-cleaned gold electrode was first immersed in a cysteamine-ethanol solution, and then silver nanoparticles were immobilized on the cysteamine monolayer, and finally HRP was adsorbed onto the surfaces of the silver nanoparticles. This self-assemble process was examined via atomic force microscopy (AFM). The immobilized horseradish peroxidase exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic response toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The linear range of the biosensor was 3.3 microM to 9.4 mM, and the detection limit was estimated to be 0.78 microM. Moreover, the biosensor exhibited a fast response, high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P.R. China
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11
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Correia dos Santos MM, Sousa PMP, Gonçalves MLS, Romão MJ, Moura I, Moura JJG. Direct electrochemistry of the Desulfovibrio gigas aldehyde oxidoreductase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:1329-38. [PMID: 15030483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the direct electrochemistry of the Desulfovibrio gigas aldehyde oxidoreductase (DgAOR), a molybdenum enzyme of the xanthine oxidase family that contains three redox-active cofactors: two [2Fe-2S] centers and a molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide cofactor. The voltammetric behavior of the enzyme was analyzed at gold and carbon (pyrolytic graphite and glassy carbon) electrodes. Two different strategies were used: one with the molecules confined to the electrode surface and a second with DgAOR in solution. In all of the cases studied, electron transfer took place, although different redox reactions were responsible for the voltammetric signal. From a thorough analysis of the voltammetric responses and the structural properties of the molecular surface of DgAOR, the redox reaction at the carbon electrodes could be assigned to the reduction of the more exposed iron cluster, [2Fe-2S] II, whereas reduction of the molybdopterin cofactor occurs at the gold electrode. Voltammetric results in the presence of aldehydes are also reported and discussed.
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Correia dos Santos M, Paes de Sousa P, Simões Gonçalves M, Krippahl L, Moura J, Lojou É, Bianco P. Electrochemical studies on small electron transfer proteins using membrane electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)01427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Correia dos Santos M, Paes de Sousa P, Simões Gonçalves M, Ascenso C, Moura I, Moura J. Electrochemical studies of rubredoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris at modified electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Battaglini F, Bartlett PN, Wang JH. Covalent attachment of osmium complexes to glucose oxidase and the application of the resulting modified enzyme in an enzyme switch responsive to glucose. Anal Chem 2000; 72:502-9. [PMID: 10695135 DOI: 10.1021/ac990321x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine-based osmium complexes bearing either a carboxylate or aldehyde group were covalently attached to glucose oxidase and were shown to work as mediators for the reoxidation of the enzyme. For the complex containing the carboxylate group, the binding was made through carbodiimide coupling to the amine residues in the protein. For the complex containing the aldehyde group, the reductive coupling was carried out by condensation with the amino groups on the protein in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. Electrochemical studies show evidence for both intramolecular and intermolecular redox mediation for the electrochemical reoxidation of the modified glucose oxidases in the presence of glucose. The modified enzymes adsorbed on glassy carbon and platinum show different electrochemical responses for the two electrode materials, suggesting that orientation of the adsorbed enzyme is induced due to the interaction of the osmium complex with the different surfaces. Construction of enzyme switches based on these modified enzymes was carried out, and their responses were compared with those obtained using native glucose oxidase and a soluble redox mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Battaglini
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Tominaga M, Hashimoto S, Misaka A, Nakashima N. Thermal Stability and Electrode Reaction of Chlorella Ferredoxin Embedded in Artificial Lipid Bilayer Membrane Films on a Graphite Electrode. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9808730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tominaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-cho, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-cho, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Akiko Misaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-cho, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-cho, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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KURAMITZ H, SUGAWARA K, KAWASAKI M, HASEBE K, NAKAMURA H, TANAKA S. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Hemoglobin at a Self-Assembled Monolayer Electrode Containing Redox Dye, Nile Blue as an Electron-Transfer Mediator. ANAL SCI 1999. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.15.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki KURAMITZ
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Mikio KAWASAKI
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Kiyoshi HASEBE
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Hiroshi NAKAMURA
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Shunitz TANAKA
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
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17
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Sun W, Kong J, Deng AJ. Electrocatalytic reduction of hemoglobin at a chemically modified electrode containing riboflavin. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140090205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Non-resonant SERS study of the adsorption of cytochrome c on a silver electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(96)04727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Brown KR, Fox AP, Natan MJ. Morphology-Dependent Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c at Au Colloid-Modified SnO2 Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja952951w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Brown
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300
| | - Audrey P. Fox
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300
| | - Michael J. Natan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300
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20
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Niu J, Guo Y, Dong S. The direct electrochemistry of cryo-hydrogel immobilized myoglobin at a glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Ting Chen, Yizhu Guo, Shaojun Dong. Voltammetry of cytochrome c entrapped in hydrogel membrane on graphite electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(95)01811-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Mabrouk PA. First direct interfacial electron transfer between a biomolecule and a solid electrode in non-aqueous media: Direct electrochemistry of microperoxidase-11 at glassy carbon in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Szűcs Á, Novák M. Stable and reversible electrochemistry of cytochrome c on bare electrodes Part II: Effects of experimental conditions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(94)03741-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Kohzuma T, Shidara S, Suzuki S. Direct Electrochemistry of Nitrite Reductase fromAchromobacter cycloclastesIAM 1013. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.67.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Abstract
C-type cytochromes are classified into two main groups: i) cytochromes which give fast electrochemical responses at the conventional electrodes in the absence of any promoter (eg multi-heme cytochromes c3); ii) cytochromes which need the presence of promoters or the use of modified electrodes to exhibit fast electrochemical responses (eg one-heme mitochondrial cytochrome c). In the latter case, careful design of electrode surface and composition of the solution are required for the attainment of rapid and reversible electron-exchange reactions. Some general considerations are given on the 'electrochemical model'. In particular, binding interactions between the electrode and the protein can take place in a similar manner to that occurring between physiological partner proteins. Electrochemistry when coupled to other physical techniques can give more complete insights in the relationship between the redox properties, structure and function of c-type cytochromes. In particular, in the case of polyheme cytochromes, promising results are expected from the study of site-directed mutagenesis-modified cytochrome c3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bianco
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Electrochimie des Complexes, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
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26
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Moreno C, Franco R, Moura I, Le Gall J, Moura JJ. Voltammetric studies of the catalytic electron-transfer process between the Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase and small proteins isolated from the same genus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 217:981-9. [PMID: 8223656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of electron transfer between the Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase and several electron-transfer proteins from Desulfovibrio species were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The cytochrome c3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough), Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (Norway 4), Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (American Type Culture Collection 27774) and D. gigas (NCIB 9332) were used as redox carriers. They differ in their redox potentials and isoelectric point. Depending on the pH, all the reduced forms of these cytochromes were effective in electron exchange with hydrogenase. Other small electron-transfer proteins such as ferredoxin I, ferredoxin II and rubredoxin from D. gigas were tentatively used as redox carriers. Only ferredoxin II was effective in mediating electron exchange between hydrogenase and the working electrode. The second-order rate constants k for the reaction between reduced proteins and hydrogenase were calculated based on the theory of the simplest electrocatalytic mechanism [Moreno, C., Costa, C., Moura, I., Le Gall, J., Liu, M. Y., Payne, W. J., van Dijk, C. & Moura, J. J. G. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 212, 79-86] and the results obtained by cyclic voltammetry were compared with those obtained by chronoamperometry. Values for k of 10(5)-10(6) M-1 s-1 (cytochrome c3 as electron carrier) and 10(4) M-1 s-1 (ferredoxin II as the electron carrier) were determined. The rate-constant values are discussed in terms of the existence of an electrostatic interaction between the electrode surface and the redox carrier and between the redox carrier and a positively charged part of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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Qijin C, Shaojun D. Redox thermodynamics of cytochrome c at the bare glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)80144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Moreno C, Costa C, Moura I, Le Gall J, Liu MY, Payne WJ, van Dijk C, Moura JJ. Electrochemical studies of the hexaheme nitrite reductase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 212:79-86. [PMID: 8383043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The electron-transfer kinetics between three different mediators and the hexahemic enzyme nitrite reductase isolated from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 27774) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and by chronoamperometry. The mediators, methyl viologen, Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) cytochrome c3 and D. desulfuricans (ATCC 27774) cytochrome c3 differ in structure, redox potential and charge. The reduced form of each mediator exchanged electrons with nitrite reductase. Second-order rate constants, k, were calculated on the basis of the theory for a simple catalytic mechanism and the results, obtained by cyclic voltammetry, were compared with those obtained by chronoamperometry. Values for k are in the range 10(6)-10(8) M-1 s-1 and increase in the direction D. desulfuricans cytochrome c3-->D. vulgaris cytochrome c3-->methyl viologen. An explanation is advanced on the basis of electrostatic interactions and relative orientation between the partners involved. Chronoamperometry (computer controlled) offers advantages over cyclic voltammetry in the determination of homogeneous rate constants (faster, more accurate and better reproducibility). Direct, unmediated electrochemical responses of the hexaheme nitrite reductase were also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
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Daido T, Akaike T. Electrochemistry of cytochrome c: influence of coulombic attraction with indium tin oxide electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)80048-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Hill
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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31
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Dong S, Chi Q. Direct electron-transfer reaction of cytochrome c at a bare glassy carbon electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(92)80071-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Effect of pH on the electron transfer of cytochrome c on a gold electrode modified with bis(4-pyridyl)disulphide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(92)80054-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Moreno C, Campos A, Teixeira M, LeGall J, Montenegro MI, Moura I, van Dijk C, Moura JG. Simulation of the electrochemical behavior of multi-redox systems. Current potential studies on multiheme cytochromes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 202:385-93. [PMID: 1662131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct unmediated electrochemical response of the tetrahemic cytochrome c3 isolated from sulfate reducers Desulfovibrio baculatus (DSM 1743) and D. vulgaris (strain Hildenborough), was evaluated using different electrode systems [graphite (edge cut), gold, semiconductor (InO2) and mercury)] and different electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry). A computer program was developed for the theoretical simulation of a complete cyclic voltammetry curve, based on the method proposed by Nicholson and Shain [Nicholson, R.S. & Shain, I. (1964) Anal. Chem. 36, 706-723], using the Gauss-Legendre method for calculation of the integral equations. The experimental data obtained for this multi-redox center protein was deconvoluted in to the four redox components using theoretically generated cyclic voltammetry curves and the four mid-point reduction potentials determined. The pH dependence of the four reduction potentials was evaluated using the deconvolution method described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moreno
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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34
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Abstract
Biosensors have been extensively studied during the last 20 years, and a myriad of laboratory biosensors have been developed. Improvements are required in biosensor design and performance before they become widely accepted in industrial process monitoring. However, as the biotechnology industry expands, biosensors may become more acceptable because, despite their limitations, they are the only devices capable of delivering the information required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Brooks
- Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Bedfordshire, UK
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35
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Interpretation of the electrochemistry of cytochrome c at macro and micro sized carbon electrodes using a microscopic model based on a partially blocke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85437-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Shibata M, Nakamura K, Furuya N, Watanabe M. Reduction of horse heart ferricytochrome c at platinum and gold electrodes modified by various ad-atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85436-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Zhou J, Wang E. Flow injection analysis of myoglobin and hemoglobin at toluidine blue chemically modified electrode. ELECTROANAL 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Studničková M, Pitřincová J, Kovář J. The electrochemical behaviour of copper proteins using differential pulse polarography. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85584-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Studničková M, Pitřincová J, Kovář J. The electrochemical behaviour of copper proteins using differential pulse polarography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(91)87023-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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41
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Hagen WR. Direct electron transfer of redox proteins at the bare glassy carbon electrode. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 182:523-30. [PMID: 2546759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple system is presented for the microscale, direct voltammetry of redox proteins, typically 25 micrograms, in the absence of mediators and/or modifiers. The sample consists of a droplet of anaerobic solution laid onto an oversized disc of nitric-acid-pretreated glassy carbon as the working electrode. Very reproducible, Nernstian responses are obtained with horse heart cytochrome c. The midpoint potential Em (pH 7.0) is dependent on the ionic strength, ranging from $293 mV in 1 mM potassium phosphate to $266 mV in 0.1 M phosphate. At fixed buffer and cytochrome concentrations the magnitude of the voltammetric response is found to be independent of pH over six pH units around neutrality. It is suggested that the response of the present system is not complicated by pH-dependent properties of the electrode surface around physiological pH and, therefore, that the use of this system is practical in biochemically oriented studies. Direct, quasi-reversible responses have also been obtained at pH 7.0 (5 mM phosphate) from Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Hildenborough strain, tetraheme cytochrome c3 (pI = 10.0 at 4 C; 3 X Em = -0.32 mV, Em = -0.26 V), and cytochrome c553 (pI = 9.3; Em = +60 mV), and from Megasphaera elsdenii rubredoxin (pI congruent to 3; Em = -353 mV). The latter protein absorbs onto the glassy carbon surface, thus forming a system with possible applications in the electrochemical study of ferredoxin-linked enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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42
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43
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LCEC determination of the copper protein ceruloplasmin in human serum at a polyaniline chemically modified electrode. ELECTROANAL 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Senaratne V, Bowden EF. The electrode reaction of Euglena gracilis cytochrome c-552 at edge-oriented pyrolytic graphite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 157:1021-6. [PMID: 2849927 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The direct electron transfer reaction of Euglena gracilis cytochrome c-552 at edge-oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes was determined by cyclic voltammetry to be quasi-reversible, stable and reproducible. The presence of a persistent layer of irreversibly adsorbed cytochrome c-552 on the electrode surface was detected in these experiments. Heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants for both the diffusing and adsorbed forms of the protein are reported, and mechanistic aspects are addressed. The applicability of cytochrome c-552 as a complementarily charged analog of eucaryotic cytochrome c in interfacial bioelectrochemical studies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Senaratne
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-8204
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46
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James EW, Kell DB, Lovitt RW, Gareth Morris J. Electrosynthesis and electroanalysis using Clostridium sporogenes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(80)80331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Durliat H, Barrau M, Comtat M. FAD used as a mediator in the electron transfer between platinum and several biomolecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(88)80022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Durliat H, Barrau M, Comtat M. FAD used as a mediator in the electron transfer between platinum and several biomolecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(88)87078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Hoogvliet JC, Lievense LC, van Dijk C, Veeger C. Electron transfer between the hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) and viologens. 1. Investigations by cyclic voltammetry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 174:273-80. [PMID: 3289919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The electron transfer kinetics between the hydrogenase from Desulvovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough) and three different viologen mediators has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The mediators methyl viologen, di(n-aminopropyl) viologen and propyl viologen sulfonate differ in redox potential and in net charge. Dependent on the pH both the one- and two-electron-reduced forms or only the two-electron-reduced form of the viologens are effective in electron exchange with hydrogenase. Calculations of the second-order rate constant k for the reaction between reduced viologen and hydrogenase are based on the theory of the simplest electrocatalytic mechanism. Values for k are in the range of 10(6)-10(7) M-1 s-1 and increase in the direction propyl viologen sulfonate----methyl viologen----di(n-aminopropyl) viologen. An explanation is based on electrostatic interactions. It is proposed that the electron transfer reaction is the rate-determining step in the catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hoogvliet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Durfor CN, Yenser BA, Bowers ML. Attachment of riboflavin derivatives to electrode surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(88)80111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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