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Dong X, Lin Y, Zhang J, Lv X, Liu L, Li J, Du G, Liu Y. Modification of the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Enhance Ovalbumin Secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19985-19993. [PMID: 39207302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ovalbumin (OVA) is a high-quality protein for humans. Modifying microorganisms to produce proteins offers a solution to potential food protein shortages. In this study, OVA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Initially, screening signal peptides led to extracellular OVA reaching 3.4 mg/L using the INU1 signal peptide. Coexpressing Kar2 and PDI increased OVA production to 5.1 mg/L. Optimizing the expression levels of regulators OPI1, INO2, and INO4 expanded the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, raising yield to 5.5 mg/L. Combining both strategies increased OVA production to 6.2 mg/L, 82% higher than control. This strategy also enhanced secretion of other proteins. Finally, fed-batch fermentation in a 3-L bioreactor significantly boosted OVA production to 116.3 mg/L. This study provides insights for the heterologous synthesis of other high-quality proteins for future food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Dong
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiaxing Institute of Future Food, Jiaxing 314050, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiaxing Institute of Future Food, Jiaxing 314050, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiaxing Institute of Future Food, Jiaxing 314050, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiaxing Institute of Future Food, Jiaxing 314050, China
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Jin KC, Seo SO, Kim SK. Animal-free production of hen egg ovalbumin in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae via precision fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132479. [PMID: 38772474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
To enable the sustainable production of ovalbumin (OVA) without relying on animal sources, the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) host Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for the precision fermentation-based production of recombinant OVA. For this purpose, a signal peptide derived from EPX1, the most abundant extracellular protein produced by Pichia pastoris, was identified as a novel signal peptide for the efficient secretion of OVA in S. cerevisiae. To improve OVA secretion and cell growth, three helper proteins (PDI1, KAR2, and HAC1) present in the endoplasmic reticulum were expressed individually or in combination. Notably, the +P1/K2 strain coexpressing PDI1 and KAR2 with OVA produced 2 mg/L of OVA in the medium fraction; this value was 2.6-fold higher than the corresponding value for the control strain without helper proteins. Finally, a glucose-limited fed-batch fermentation process using the +P1/K2 strain yielded 132 mg/L of total OVA with 8 mg/L of extracellular OVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Chan Jin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Oh Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Ki Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Diwan D, Sharma M, Tabatabaei M, Gupta VK. Ovalbumin production without poultry. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:924-925. [PMID: 37118249 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Laboratoire de "Chimie verte et Produits Biobasés", Haute Ecole Provinciale du Hainaut-Département AgroBioscience et Chimie, Ath, Belgium
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK.
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK.
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Järviö N, Parviainen T, Maljanen NL, Kobayashi Y, Kujanpää L, Ercili-Cura D, Landowski CP, Ryynänen T, Nordlund E, Tuomisto HL. Ovalbumin production using Trichoderma reesei culture and low-carbon energy could mitigate the environmental impacts of chicken-egg-derived ovalbumin. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:1005-1013. [PMID: 37118250 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Ovalbumin (OVA) produced using the fungus Trichoderma reesei (Tr-OVA) could become a sustainable replacement for chicken egg white protein powder-a widely used ingredient in the food industry. Although the approach can generate OVA at pilot scale, the environmental impacts of industrial-scale production have not been explored. Here, we conducted an anticipatory life cycle assessment using data from a pilot study to compare the impacts of Tr-OVA production with an equivalent functional unit of dried chicken egg white protein produced in Finland, Germany and Poland. Tr-OVA production reduced most agriculture-associated impacts, such as global warming and land use. Increased impacts were mostly related to industrial inputs, such as electricity production, but were also associated with glucose consumption. Switching to low-carbon energy sources could further reduce environmental impact, demonstrating the potential benefits of cellular agriculture over livestock agriculture for OVA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Järviö
- Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Mikkeli, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tuure Parviainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Netta-Leena Maljanen
- Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Mikkeli, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yumi Kobayashi
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Kujanpää
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Toni Ryynänen
- Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Mikkeli, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Nordlund
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hanna L Tuomisto
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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Ishimaru T, Ito K, Tanaka M, Matsudomi N. Participation of cysteine 30 residue in the folding process of ovalbumin evaluated in a refolding experiment using cysteine mutants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1061-1066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Miyamoto T, Homma H. Detection and quantification of d-amino acid residues in peptides and proteins using acid hydrolysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1866:775-782. [PMID: 29292238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular homochirality refers to the assumption that amino acids in all living organisms were believed to be of the l-configuration. However, free d-amino acids are present in a wide variety of organisms and d-amino acid residues are also found in various peptides and proteins, being generated by enzymatic or non-enzymatic isomerization. In mammals, peptides and proteins containing d-amino acids have been linked to various diseases, and they act as novel disease biomarkers. Analytical methods capable of precisely detecting and quantifying d-amino acids in peptides and proteins are therefore important and useful, albeit their difficulty and complexity. Herein, we reviewed conventional analytical methods, especially 0h extrapolating method, and the problems of this method. For the solution of these problems, we furthermore described our recently developed, sensitive method, deuterium-hydrogen exchange method, to detect innate d-amino acid residues in peptides and proteins, and its applications to sample ovalbumin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: d-Amino acids: biology in the mirror, edited by Dr. Loredano Pollegioni, Dr. Jean-Pierre Mothet and Dr. Molla Gianluca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Homma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Upadhyay V, Singh A, Panda AK. Purification of recombinant ovalbumin from inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 117:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Transition of serine residues to the d-form during the conversion of ovalbumin into heat stable S-ovalbumin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 116:145-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ito K, Matsudomi N. Structural Characteristics of Hen Egg Ovalbumin Expressed in YeastPichia pastoris. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 69:755-61. [PMID: 15849414 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant ovalbumin (OVA) produced in yeast Pichia pastoris was purified from the culture medium by anion exchange chromatography, and its structural characteristics were compared with those of hen egg OVA, mainly from the point of view of posttranslational modification. The expressed OVA consisted of two molecular species immmunoreactive with antibody for hen egg OVA. The two molecular species, 45 and 47 kDa in molecular size, were thought to correspond to mono-glycosylated form and di-glycosylated form respectively. The non-glycosylated form was not produced in the system. The other posttranslational modifications (N-terminal acetylation and phosphorylation) observed in hen egg OVA were not detected in either of the molecular species. The two recombinant proteins displayed almost exactly the same circular dichroism and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectra as hen egg OVA. The melting temperature, Tm, which was determined from the thermal unfolding curve, was almost identical in the two recombinant proteins, despite the difference in glycosylation levels, while it decreased by about 2.5 degrees C as compared with that of hen egg OVA (77.3 degrees C). These data indicate that the additional glycosylation to Asn-311 in the recombinant protein does not affect protein conformation or thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Ito
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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10
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Tanaka N, Morimoto Y, Noguchi Y, Tada T, Waku T, Kunugi S, Morii T, Lee YF, Konno T, Takahashi N. The mechanism of fibril formation of a non-inhibitory serpin ovalbumin revealed by the identification of amyloidogenic core regions. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:5884-94. [PMID: 21156792 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.176396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovalbumin (OVA), a non-inhibitory member of the serpin superfamily, forms fibrillar aggregates upon heat-induced denaturation. Recent studies suggested that OVA fibrils are generated by a mechanism similar to that of amyloid fibril formation, which is distinct from polymerization mechanisms proposed for other serpins. In this study, we provide new insights into the mechanism of OVA fibril formation through identification of amyloidogenic core regions using synthetic peptide fragments, site-directed mutagenesis, and limited proteolysis. OVA possesses a single disulfide bond between Cys(73) and Cys(120) in the N-terminal helical region of the protein. Heat treatment of disulfide-reduced OVA resulted in the formation of long straight fibrils that are distinct from the semiflexible fibrils formed from OVA with an intact disulfide. Computer predictions suggest that helix B (hB) of the N-terminal region, strand 3A, and strands 4-5B are highly β-aggregation-prone regions. These predictions were confirmed by the fact that synthetic peptides corresponding to these regions formed amyloid fibrils. Site-directed mutagenesis of OVA indicated that V41A substitution in hB interfered with the formation of fibrils. Co-incubation of a soluble peptide fragment of hB with the disulfide-intact full-length OVA consistently promoted formation of long straight fibrils. In addition, the N-terminal helical region of the heat-induced fibril of OVA was protected from limited proteolysis. These results indicate that the heat-induced fibril formation of OVA occurs by a mechanism involving transformation of the N-terminal helical region of the protein to β-strands, thereby forming sequential intermolecular linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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11
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Albaghdadi H, Robinson N, Finlay B, Krishnan L, Sad S. Selectively reduced intracellular proliferation of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium within APCs limits antigen presentation and development of a rapid CD8 T cell response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:3778-87. [PMID: 19692639 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ag presentation to CD8(+) T cells commences immediately after infection, which facilitates their rapid expansion and control of pathogen. This paradigm is not followed during infection with virulent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST), an intracellular bacterium that causes mortality in susceptible C57BL/6J mice within 7 days and a chronic infection in resistant mice (129 x 1SvJ). Infection of mice with OVA-expressing ST results in the development of a CD8(+) T cell response that is detectable only after the second week of infection despite the early detectable bacterial burden. The mechanism behind the delayed CD8(+) T cell activation was evaluated, and it was found that dendritic cells/macrophages or mice infected with ST-OVA failed to present Ag to OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells. Lack of early Ag presentation was not rescued when mice or dendritic cells/macrophages were infected with an attenuated aroA mutant of ST or with mutants having defective Salmonella pathogenicity island I/II genes. Although extracellular ST proliferated extensively, the replication of ST was highly muted once inside macrophages. This muted intracellular proliferation of ST resulted in the generation of poor levels of intracellular Ag and peptide-MHC complex on the surface of dendritic cells. Additional experiments revealed that ST did not actively inhibit Ag presentation, rather it inhibited the uptake of another intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, thereby causing inhibition of Ag presentation against L. monocytogenes. Taken together, this study reveals a dichotomy in the proliferation of ST and indicates that selectively reduced intracellular proliferation of virulent pathogens may be an important mechanism of immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homam Albaghdadi
- National Research Council Institute for Biological Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Sad S, Dudani R, Gurnani K, Russell M, van Faassen H, Finlay B, Krishnan L. Pathogen proliferation governs the magnitude but compromises the function of CD8 T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:5853-61. [PMID: 18424704 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.5853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell memory is critical for protection against many intracellular pathogens. However, it is not clear how pathogen virulence influences the development and function of CD8+ T cells. Salmonella typhimurium (ST) is an intracellular bacterium that causes rapid fatality in susceptible mice and chronic infection in resistant strains. We have constructed recombinant mutants of ST, expressing the same immunodominant Ag OVA, but defective in various key virulence genes. We show that the magnitude of CD8+ T cell response correlates directly to the intracellular proliferation of ST. Wild-type ST displayed efficient intracellular proliferation and induced increased numbers of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells upon infection in mice. In contrast, mutants with defective Salmonella pathogenicity island II genes displayed poor intracellular proliferation and induced reduced numbers of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells. However, when functionality of the CD8+ T cell response was measured, mutants of ST induced a more functional response compared with the wild-type ST. Infection with wild-type ST, in contrast to mutants defective in pathogenicity island II genes, induced the generation of mainly effector-memory CD8+ T cells that expressed little IL-2, failed to mediate efficient cytotoxicity, and proliferated poorly in response to Ag challenge in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that pathogens that proliferate rapidly and chronically in vivo may evoke functionally inferior memory CD8+ T cells which may promote the survival of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Sad
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Onda M, Nakatani K, Takehara S, Nishiyama M, Takahashi N, Hirose M. Cleaved serpin refolds into the relaxed state via a stressed conformer. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17568-78. [PMID: 18390904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709262200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are believed to fold in vivo into a metastable "stressed" state with cleavage of their P1-P1' bond resulting in reactive center loop insertion and a thermostable "relaxed" state. To understand this unique folding mechanism, we investigated the refolding processes of the P1-P1'-cleaved forms of wild type ovalbumin (cl-OVA) and the R339T mutant (cl-R339T). In the native conditions, cl-OVA is trapped as the stressed conformer, whereas cl-R339T attains the relaxed structure. Under urea denaturing conditions, these cleaved proteins completely dissociated into the heavy (Gly(1)-Ala(352)) and light (Ser(353)-Pro(385)) chains. Upon refolding, the heavy chains of both proteins formed essentially the same initial burst refolding intermediates and then reassociated with the light chain counterparts. The reassociated intermediates both refolded into the native states with indistinguishable kinetics. The two refolded proteins, however, had a notable difference in thermostability. cl-OVA refolded into the stressed form with T(m) = 68.4 degrees C, whereas cl-R339T refolded into the relaxed form with T(m) = 85.5 degrees C. To determine whether cl-R339T refolds directly to the relaxed state or through the stressed state, conformational analyses by anion-exchange chromatography and fluorescence measurements were executed. The results showed that cl-R339T refolds first to the stressed conformation and then undergoes the loop insertion. This is the first demonstration that the P1-P1'-cleaved serpin peptide capable of loop insertion refolds to the stressed conformation. This highlights that the stressed conformation of serpins is an inevitable intermediate state on the folding pathway to the relaxed structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Onda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuencho 1-2, Nakaku, Sakai 599-8570, Japan.
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Luu RA, Gurnani K, Dudani R, Kammara R, van Faassen H, Sirard JC, Krishnan L, Sad S. Delayed expansion and contraction of CD8+ T cell response during infection with virulent Salmonella typhimurium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:1516-25. [PMID: 16849458 PMCID: PMC4015949 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.3.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ag presentation to CD8(+) T cells often commences immediately after infection, which facilitates their rapid expansion and control of infection. Subsequently, the primed cells undergo rapid contraction. We report that this paradigm is not followed during infection with virulent Salmonella enterica, serovar Typhimurium (ST), an intracellular bacterium that replicates within phagosomes of infected cells. Although susceptible mice die rapidly (approximately 7 days), resistant mice (129 x 1SvJ) harbor a chronic infection lasting approximately 60-90 days. Using rOVA-expressing ST (ST-OVA), we show that T cell priming is considerably delayed in the resistant mice. CD8(+) T cells that are induced during ST-OVA infection undergo delayed expansion, which peaks around day 21, and is followed by protracted contraction. Initially, ST-OVA induces a small population of cycling central phenotype (CD62L(high)IL-7Ralpha(high)CD44(high)) CD8(+) T cells. However, by day 14-21, majority of the primed CD8(+) T cells display an effector phenotype (CD62L(low)IL-7Ralpha(low)CD44(high)). Subsequently, a progressive increase in the numbers of effector memory phenotype cells (CD62L(low)IL-7Ralpha(high)CD44(high)) occurs. This differentiation program remained unchanged after accelerated removal of the pathogen with antibiotics, as majority of the primed cells displayed an effector memory phenotype even at 6 mo postinfection. Despite the chronic infection, CD8(+) T cells induced by ST-OVA were functional as they exhibited killing ability and cytokine production. Importantly, even memory CD8(+) T cells failed to undergo rapid expansion in response to ST-OVA infection, suggesting a delay in T cell priming during infection with virulent ST-OVA. Thus, phagosomal lifestyle may allow escape from host CD8(+) T cell recognition, conferring a survival advantage to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Luu
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - Komal Gurnani
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renu Dudani
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajagopal Kammara
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henk van Faassen
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Biologie, Campus Pasteur Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subash Sad
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Subash Sad, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Building M-54, 1200 Montreal Road, Room 127, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6.
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Moerch U, Haahr Hansen M, Vest Hansen NJ, Rasmussen LK, Oleksiewicz MB, Frandsen TP, Haurum JS, Bregenholt S. Allergen-specific polyclonal antibodies reduce allergic disease in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140:261-9. [PMID: 16699287 DOI: 10.1159/000093283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant allergen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody therapy can reduce allergic asthma symptoms by inhibiting the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic response. This study investigated the effect of intranasally administered allergen-specific monoclonal (mAb) and polyclonal (pAb) antibody on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a mouse model of human asthma. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG2b antibodies were generated by phage display using spleens from OVA-immunized mice, and screening against OVA and finally expressed in CHO cells. Sensitized mice were treated intranasally with either a recombinant anti-OVA mAb (gc32) or a polyclonal preparation comprising seven selected antibodies (including gc32). Control mice received diluent only, OVA only, a control polymeric IgG or dexamethasone. Following challenge with nebulized OVA, investigators assessed airway inflammation by histology and cellular composition of the bronchoalveolar fluid, and methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Serum levels of total and OVA-specific IgE were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Sensitized mice developed airway inflammation and AHR in response to OVA challenge. Intranasally administered OVA-specific murine polyclonal or monoclonal IgG2b antibodies both reduced OVA-induced lung inflammation. Polyclonal, but not anti-OVA mAb, also reduced AHR and eosinophil influx into the airway lumen. Both anti-OVA antibody preparations reduced levels of specific IgE with no effect on total IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal treatment with allergen-specific pAb reduces pulmonary inflammation and AHR in a mouse model of allergic asthma, but allergen-specific mAb reduces inflammation only. Allergen-specific recombinant pAb offers a potentially valuable therapeutic approach to the management of allergic asthma.
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Arii Y, Takahashi N, Hirose M. Periplasmic secretion of native ovalbumin without signal cleavage in Escherichia coli. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67:368-71. [PMID: 12729000 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In Escherichia coli cells carrying wild-type ovalbumin cDNA, some of the recombinant protein was secreted into the periplasmic space. In contrast, a signal-region mutant form of ovalbumin (deletion, Gly1 to Ala39) was not detected in the periplasm despite being synthesized at the same level as the wild-type protein. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses showed that periplasmic ovalbumin assumes a conformation indistinguishable from that of native egg white ovalbumin. We concluded that a process resembling the secretion of ovalbumin process in the oviduct occurs also in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Arii
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Yamasaki M, Arii Y, Mikami B, Hirose M. Loop-inserted and thermostabilized structure of P1-P1' cleaved ovalbumin mutant R339T. J Mol Biol 2002; 315:113-20. [PMID: 11779232 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovalbumin is a member of a superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors, known as the serpins. It is, however, non-inhibitory towards serine proteinases, and lacks the loop insertion mechanism common to the serpins due to unknown structural factors. Mutant ovalbumin, R339T, in which the P14 hinge residue is replaced, was produced and analyzed for its thermostability and three-dimensional structure. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the mutant ovalbumin, but not the wild-type protein, undergoes a marked thermostabilization (DeltaT(m)=15.8 degrees C) following the P1-P1' cleavage. Furthermore, the crystal structure, solved at 2.3 A resolution, clearly proved that the P1-P1' cleaved form assumes the fully loop-inserted conformation as seen in serpin that possess inhibitory activity. We therefore conclude that ovalbumin acquires the structural transition mechanism into the loop-inserted, thermostabilized form by the single hinge mutation. The mutant protein does not, however, possess inhibitory activity. The solved structure displays the occurrence of specific interactions that may prevent the smooth motion, relative to sheet A, of helices E and F and of the loop that follows helix F. These observations provide crucial insights into the question why R339T is still non-inhibitory.
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Niedergang F, Sirard JC, Blanc CT, Kraehenbuhl JP. Entry and survival of Salmonella typhimurium in dendritic cells and presentation of recombinant antigens do not require macrophage-specific virulence factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:14650-5. [PMID: 11121065 PMCID: PMC18973 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.26.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have long been regarded as the main target encountered by Salmonella typhimurium, a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that invades the intestinal mucosa. S. typhimurium, however, are first internalized by dendritic cells. To gain new insights into the interactions between Salmonella and the dendritic cells, we compared the fate of wild-type S. typhimurium and the virulence-attenuated PhoP constitutive (PhoP(c)) strain. The PhoP(c) strain is impaired for entry and survival in mammalian cells and is poorly processed by macrophages for antigen presentation on MHC class II molecules. Here, we show that bone marrow-derived dendritic cells can similarly process and present a foreign antigen expressed by the invasive wild-type and the attenuated PhoP(c) S. typhimurium. This property correlates with equivalent entry and survival efficiencies of both strains in dendritic cells. In addition, Salmonella strains mutated in mgtCB, sseC, and orfL genes required for macrophage survival showed no defect in survival in dendritic cells. Together, these results indicate that uptake of Salmonella by dendritic cells and subsequent antigen processing and presentation do not depend on virulence factors important in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Niedergang
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research and the Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Barnes RC, Coulter J, Worrall DM. Immunoreactivity of recombinant squamous cell carcinoma antigen and leupin/SCCA-2: implications for tumor marker detection. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 78:62-6. [PMID: 10873412 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is a member of the serpin superfamily, and has been used as a serological tumor marker for cervical squamous cell carcinomas. We have identified a closely related serpin gene, leupin (SCCA-2), which may be the fraction previously thought to be the acidic isoform of SCCA. The purpose of this study is to isolate the individual recombinant proteins, to examine their reactivity with current immunological detection methods, and to use a gene-specific method to examine their expression in the uterine cervix. METHODS We have expressed and purified recombinant forms of SCCA and leupin individually. The proteins were characterized with respect to their isoelecric points and their reactivity with the monoclonal antibody from the current tumor marker diagnostic immunoassay (IMx SCC). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with gene-specific primers was used to examine expression of both genes. RESULTS Isoelectric focusing shows that leupin is the more acidic antigen with a determined pI for recombinant leupin (rLeupin) of 6.01, with rSCCA having a pI of 6.17. The IMx SCC monoclonal antibody recognized both rSCCA and rLeupin in immunoassays and immunoblots and both genes are expressed in normal cervix and in cervical carcinoma tissue. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study suggest that all previous clinical studies examining SCCA expression have used methodology that detects two gene products. The confirmation that leupin or SCCA-2 is the more acidic protein and that its expression is significantly elevated in cervical cancer suggests that this gene product may be the more important tumor marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Higgins DE, Shastri N, Portnoy DA. Delivery of protein to the cytosol of macrophages using Escherichia coli K-12. Mol Microbiol 1999; 31:1631-41. [PMID: 10209738 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Listeriolysin O (LLO) is an essential determinant of pathogenicity whose natural biological role is to mediate lysis of Listeria monocytogenes containing phagosomes. In this study, we report that Escherichia coli expressing cytoplasmic recombinant LLO can efficiently deliver co-expressed proteins to the cytosol of macrophages. We propose a model in which subsequent or concomitant to phagocytosis the E. coli are killed and degraded within phagosomes causing the release of LLO and target proteins from the bacteria. LLO acts by forming large pores in the phagosomal membrane, thus releasing the target protein into the cytosol. Delivery was shown to be rapid, within minutes after phagocytosis. Using this method, a large enzymatically active protein was delivered to the cytosol. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the E. coli/LLO system is very efficient for delivery of ovalbumin (OVA) to the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I pathway for antigen processing and presentation, greater than 4 logs compared with E. coli expressing OVA alone. Moreover, the time required for processing and presentation of an OVA-derived peptide was similar to that previously reported when purified OVA was introduced directly into the cytosol by other methods. Using this system, potentially large amounts of any protein that can be expressed in E. coli can be delivered to the cytosol without protein purification. The potential use of this system for the delivery of antigenic protein in vivo and the delivery of DNA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Higgins
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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