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Torky HA, Saad HM, Khaliel SA, Kassih AT, Sabatier JM, Batiha GES, Hetta HF, Elghazaly EM, De Waard M. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Association with Proinflammatory Cytokines in Caseous Lymphadenitis Pyogranulomas. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020296. [PMID: 36670836 PMCID: PMC9854522 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis) is a causative agent of numerous chronic diseases, including caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheep and goats, which has a zoonotic potential in humans in addition to a poor therapeutic response. In this study, out of 120 collected samples, only 12 (10%) were positive for C. pseudotuberculosis by PCR and by intraperitoneal injection of male Guinea pigs and then characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and its genetic-relatedness by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR), which showed 2-4 bands ranging from 100 to 3000 bp that can be clustered into four clusters (C1-C4). Despite the serotype biovar 1 only infecting sheep and goats, ERIC-PCR reveals intra-subtyping variation. Examination of affected LNs and organs revealed marked enlargement with either thick creamy green pus or multiple abscesses of variable sizes with a central caseated core surrounded by dense fibrous capsule. A histopathological examination revealed a central necrotic core surrounded by a peripheral mantle of mononuclear cells and a fibrous capsule. Positive immune expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB/p65) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and negative expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in CLA is the first report to our knowledge. Conclusion: In CLA pyogranulomas, IL1β is a more crucial proinflammatory cytokine than TNF in the regulation of C. pseudotuberculosis infection, which is accompanied by marked NF-κB immunoexpression. Therefore, the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway is involved in the activation of IL1β, and additional immunohistochemical studies are required to determine the various roles of NF-κB/p65 in the inflammatory response within CLA pyogranulomas to control this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy A. Torky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abees, Alexandria 21523, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh 51744, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.M.S.); (M.D.W.)
| | - Samy A. Khaliel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abees, Alexandria 21523, Egypt
| | - Asmaa T. Kassih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abees, Alexandria 21523, Egypt
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR 7051, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Elghazaly
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh 51744, Egypt
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 Rue des Platanes, F-38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’institut Du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx «Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics», Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France
- Correspondence: (H.M.S.); (M.D.W.)
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Syame SM, Abuelnaga ASM, Ibrahim ES, Hakim AS. Evaluation of specific and non-specific immune response of four vaccines for caseous lymphadenitis in sheep challenged. Vet World 2018; 11:1272-1276. [PMID: 30410233 PMCID: PMC6200571 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1272-1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a serious disease affects sheep and goat, caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Due to it is non-treatable disease, so the effective preventive vaccines are considered a significant way to combat the disease. All strains of C. pseudotuberculosis have several virulence factors that associated with their cell invasion, survival, and proliferation such as phospholipase D (PLD), outer lipid coat, and secreted proteases. Aim The present study was directed to perform a comparative innate and acquired immune response assessment of different four vaccine formulas to evoke protection against induced (CLA) challenge in sheep. Materials and Methods Negative ELISA (free of CLA) 15 local breed male (Balady) sheep were divided into five groups, each has received a different vaccine while the control has received saline buffer. The first vaccine composed of toxoid PLD alone the second composed of toxoid PLD with bacterin (formalinkilled bacteria), the third vaccine composed of toxoid PLD plus covaccine 8, while the fourth one composed of toxoid PLD plus locally produced polyvalent clostridial vaccine. The specific immune response was evaluated through lymphocyte proliferation assay using ELISA BrdU kit, while the non-specific response was estimated by superoxide anion production and lysozyme activity assays. Results The study revealed that PLD toxoid could evoke the highest specific immune response, showing a stimulation index (9.12%). On the other hand, combined toxoid ↱PLD with bacterin followed by PLD toxoid showed a significant increase in the non-specific innate immune response. Conclusion The present study indicated that the toxoid PLD alone vaccine was most efficient and provided innate and acquired immune response in animals against CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohier M Syame
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza S M Abuelnaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S Hakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Kawamura M, Tada Y, Kadoya Y, Obata S, Harada Y. COX-2 expression in stromal fibroblasts self-limits their numbers in lymph node inflammatory responses. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 106:79-90. [PMID: 23587942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in draining lymph nodes during carrageenin-induced pleurisy of rats. Here, we analyzed histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of COX-2-expressing cells. After carrageenin administration into the pleural cavity of rats, parathymic lymph nodes were enlarged beginning at 8h and peaking from 24 to 48h. Lymphatic follicles disappeared 16h after injection, and numerous macrophages and fibroblasts were observed in the cortical region. COX-2-expressing cells in the cortical region showed characteristic dendritic processes from 16 to 48h and primarily co-localized with stromal fibroblastic reticular cell markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and desmin. Expression of α-SMA increased following COX-2 expression. Nimesulide, a COX-2 inhibitor, increased the dendritic processes of COX-2-expressing cells as well as expression of both COX-2 and α-SMA. These results suggest that COX-2-expressing cells may be stromal fibroblastic cells, which negatively self-regulate their proliferation and modulate tissue remodeling of draining lymph nodes at inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kawamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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O'Reilly KM, Medley GF, Green LE. The control of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep flocks: a mathematical model of the impact of vaccination, serological testing, clinical examination and lancing of abscesses. Prev Vet Med 2010; 95:115-26. [PMID: 20304509 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical model of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep flocks was used to evaluate strategies for control and elimination of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA). Control strategies tested were vaccination, serological testing and removal of seropositives, clinical examination and removal of sheep with abscesses, lancing abscesses, and appropriate combinations. Three different infection rates with and without replacement of culled ewes were used to evaluate the control options. Controls were either implemented immediately after infection was detected in a flock or once CLA was at endemic equilibrium, and with different frequencies of examination or testing. Elimination of infection was defined as 99% confidence that no sheep were infected with C. pseudotuberculosis. The control strategies were evaluated by estimating the reduction in infection or probability of elimination and the number of ewes culled from the flock. Lancing abscesses reduced the prevalence of infection when the initial prevalence was <0.60, but elimination was unlikely. A vaccine efficacy of 0.79 or more led to elimination of infection from the flock, provided that the endemic prevalence of infection was <0.60. A combination of vaccination and clinical examination reduced the prevalence of infection at a faster rate than using clinical examination or vaccination alone where five rounds of clinical examination were done. Serological testing led to elimination of infection after five tests, but was highly dependent upon the diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity and management options used: a test sensitivity of 0.90 always resulted in elimination. A test specificity greater than 0.90 prevented removal of many false positive ewes and consequently prevented a large reduction in lamb production. Elimination was most likely using a serological test with sensitivity and specificity >0.90, but vaccination combined with clinical examination reduced infection rapidly with little impact on lamb productivity. Further research is required to develop a diagnostic test with at least 0.90 specificity and sensitivity under field conditions before any methods of control can be recommended with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M O'Reilly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, UK.
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Dorella FA, Pacheco LG, Seyffert N, Portela RW, Meyer R, Miyoshi A, Azevedo V. Antigens of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and prospects for vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8:205-13. [PMID: 19196200 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.8.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis continues to cause considerable economic losses in ovine and caprine herds worldwide, causing caseous lymphadenitis. Nevertheless, the immunology of this disease is relatively unknown. Novel antigens may provide vaccines that are more effective and improve diagnostic methods for better control of this disease. The available commercial vaccines are not able to fully protect susceptible animals, cannot be used in all host species and are not licensed for use in many countries. Recent studies on the genomics of C. pseudotuberculosis and on its molecular determinants of virulence should bring us new alternatives for more effective vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A Dorella
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 CEP: 31 270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil.
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8
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Baird GJ, Fontaine MC. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its role in ovine caseous lymphadenitis. J Comp Pathol 2007; 137:179-210. [PMID: 17826790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) of sheep, caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, has been a significant disease in the majority of sheep-rearing regions for over a century. Because of the chronic and often sub-clinical nature of the infection, it has proved difficult to control and prevalence is high in many parts of the world, which in turn leads to significant economic losses for farmers. This review describes the important characteristics of C. pseudotuberculosis and examines the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the infection in sheep. The review also discusses the immune response to infection and describes the methods that have been developed to control CLA, with particular emphasis on the use of vaccination and serological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Baird
- Scottish Agricultural College Veterinary Services, 5 Bertha Park View, Perth PH1 3FZ.
| | - M C Fontaine
- Moredun Research Institute, International Research Centre, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
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9
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McKean SC, Davies JK, Moore RJ. Probing the heat shock response of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: the major virulence factor, phospholipase D, is downregulated at 43 degrees C. Res Microbiol 2007; 158:279-86. [PMID: 17320354 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock response genes have been characterised in many organisms. Such genes are often induced not only following heat stress but also following a range of other stresses. In pathogenic bacteria, the common heat shock genes are usually induced during the initial infection process. The identification of other genes regulated during heat shock, besides the classical heat shock genes such as those of the dnaK and groEL operons, may provide information about other cellular responses such as membrane remodelling and nutrient scavenging that may be important in the early stages of infection. In this study, macroarray analysis has been used to identify a number of genes of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis that are either upregulated (e.g. clpB, dnaK) or downregulated (e.g. fagC, fas) in vitro following a heat shock. The major virulence factor, phospholipase D, was found to be highly downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C McKean
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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Braga WU, Chavera AE, González AE. Clinical, humoral, and pathologic findings in adult alpacas with experimentally induced Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67:1570-4. [PMID: 16948603 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.9.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To experimentally infect adult alpacas by ID inoculation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, follow the clinical and pathologic course of disease, and study the humoral response to infection. ANIMALS 13 adult alpacas. PROCEDURES 9 alpacas were inoculated with 1.1 X 10(6) CFUs of C pseudotuberculosis from llama (n = 4) or alpaca (5) origin, and 4 alpacas were sham inoculated as controls. Alpacas were clinically observed after inoculation and euthanatized on days 16, 58, 93, or 128 after inoculation; necropsy examination and histologic evaluation were performed. An indirect ELISA, which made use of the C pseudotuberculosis cell wall as the antigen, was used to measure antibody titers in serum samples. RESULTS Alpacas had a persistent febrile response, a local severe inflammatory response, and leucocytosis (> 30 X 10(3) WBCs/microL). Internal abscesses that localized mainly in the renal lymph node were observed. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was recovered from the inoculation site 1 week after inoculation and from internal abscesses at 58 days after inoculation. Initial lesions were typical pyogranulomas with central caseous necrosis, whereas later lesions consisted of connective tissue, mononuclear cells, abundant neutrophils, and liquefactive necrosis. Infected alpacas had detectable serum antibody titers starting on day 16 that persisted until day 93 after inoculation. Shaminoculated alpacas did not develop serum antibody titers, clinical signs of infection, or lesions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Alpacas inoculated with C pseudotuberculosis developed abscesses at the inoculation site and internally in the renal lymph nodes, without lung lesions. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates from llama and alpaca origin were found to be pathogenically indistinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter U Braga
- Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura IVITA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalación s/n cr. 28 San Borja, Lima, Perú
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11
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Meyer R, Regis L, Vale V, Paule B, Carminati R, Bahia R, Moura-Costa L, Schaer R, Nascimento I, Freire S. In vitro IFN-gamma production by goat blood cells after stimulation with somatic and secreted Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis antigens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 107:249-54. [PMID: 15982750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causal agent of caseous lymphadenitis, a chronic illness that attacks goats and sheep characterized by pyogranulomas formation in lymph nodes and organs. Regarding the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of the caseous lymphadenitis, there is evidence that besides the humoral response the induction of a durable cellular response is fundamental for its control. In this sense, research on antigens of C. pseudotuberculosis that are capable to inducing cellular immunity is an important step for the development of diagnosis tests and more efficient vaccines. In the present study, the interferon-gamma production in cultures of whole blood from infected goats stimulated with secreted bacterial antigen or somatic antigen were used to evaluate the cellular response. The results demonstrated a significant difference in the ability of the two antigens to induce a cellular response. That is, IFN-gamma production was high with cells from infected animals in response to the secreted antigen while IFN-gamma production was low when somatic antigen was used. The concomitant use of these antigens with PWM also showed differences. That is, the secreted antigen increased the IFN-gamma production induced by PWM, while the somatic antigen seems not to have altered the response to PWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Meyer
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 40110-100, Brazil
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12
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Paule BJA, Azevedo V, Regis LF, Carminati R, Bahia CR, Vale VLC, Moura-Costa LF, Freire SM, Nascimento I, Schaer R, Goes AM, Meyer R. Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis primary infection in goats: kinetics of IgG and interferon-gamma production, IgG avidity and antigen recognition by Western blotting. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 96:129-39. [PMID: 14592726 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the cause of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in small ruminants, a chronic granulomatous disease that provokes significant zootechnics losses to ovine and goat breeders in northern Brazil. The present work was conducted to analyse aspects of humoral and cellular immune responses after experimental infection. Eight goats were infected intradermally with a single dose of virulent C. pseudotuberculosis strain and specific IgG, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production as well as IgG avidity and antigens pattern recognition dynamics against an excreted-secreted antigen were recorded during 20 weeks. At the end of the follow-up, animals were slaughtered and necropsied. Although no animals showed apparent clinical signs of infection at the end of the trial, IFN-gamma response, even more so than the humoral response, differentiated animals into two groups of high or medium/low response. The time-course of IFN-gamma production presented a short-lived primary response on day 5 after infection of animals of both groups, and a strong and long lasting secondary response starting on day 16 after infection in the high response group. The indirect ELISA used was able to detect a positive antibody titre between 6 and 11 days after infection in the two groups. IgG avidity index oscillated initially between 15 and 45%, and showed approximately 5% units increment during the 20 follow-up weeks. With only one individual exception, the qualitative antigens pattern recognition showed on day 11 after infection remained constant through the experiment. IgG avidity is highly correlated with IgG production, but could not be related with specific immunodominant bands. Both humoral and cellular responses kinetics presented a similar pattern of activation/deactivation but necropsy results suggested that the IFN-gamma test would be a very specific marker of CLA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J A Paule
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N-Vale do Canela, CEP 40140-100, Salvador-BA, Brazil.
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Lan DT, Taniguchi S, Makino S, Shirahata T, Nakane A. Role of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon in resistance to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in mice. Microbiol Immunol 1999; 42:863-70. [PMID: 10037221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1998.tb02362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The production and roles of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in the infection of Corynebacterium (C.) pseudotuberculosis were investigated in mice. The maximum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were detected on day 4 after infection. The administration of anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody (mAb) as well as anti-IFN-gamma mAb increased bacterial proliferation in the organs, leading to the death of infected mice, but anti-IFN-gamma mAb showed a less marked effect than anti-TNF-alpha mAb. The suppressive effect of anti-TNF-alpha and anti-IFN-gamma mAbs on anticorynebacterial resistance was augmented by the simultaneous administration of these antibodies. Anti-TNF-alpha mAb was found to be highly effective when administered on day 0 and day 4, suggesting that TNF-alpha produced during the early stage of infection is critical for the generation of resistance. Histologically, many microabscesses, severe follicular swelling and lymphocyte destruction were observed in mice treated with anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IFN-gamma mAb. Injection of anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 mAb also resulted in significantly increased mortality and a marked suppression of IFN-gamma production, but had no effect on TNF-alpha production. Carrageenan also showed a marked effect on the exacerbation of infection. Taken together, these results suggest that endogenously produced TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are both essential to the host defense against C. pseudotuberculosis infection and that these cytokines may have an additive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Lan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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Yeruham I, Elad D, Van-Ham M, Shpigel NY, Perl S. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in Israeli cattle: clinical and epidemiological studies. Vet Rec 1997; 140:423-7. [PMID: 9149362 DOI: 10.1136/vr.140.16.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Morbidity due to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection occurred in 29 dairy herds in Israel during 1989 to 1995. The disease occurred sporadically in 17 of the herds with a morbidity of up to 5 per cent, and was epidemic in 12, with a morbidity of 5 to 35 per cent. Cutaneous abscesses were diagnosed in 609 animals. Young cattle appeared to be less susceptible to the disease than older cows. Beef cattle herds were not affected. The disease appeared in the cutaneous form in 92.5 per cent of cases, the cutaneous and mastitic form in 5.9 per cent and the cutaneous and visceral form in 1.6 per cent. The cutaneous form appeared as deep subcutaneous abscesses on various parts of the body, with granulating ulcers exuding pus and blood. In 10 of the herds, C pseudotuberculosis was isolated from 33 mastitic cows which also had cutaneous lesions. The visceral form of the disease was detected when severely affected animals were slaughtered. In 23 of the herds, the disease occurred during the spring and summer dry season, from March to October; the highest prevalence was in the semi-arid Negev region. In 25 herds, the infection lasted for up to five months. The skin lesions on individual cows healed on average in 23.4 days, after either local or parenteral treatment. No significant difference was observed between the effect of systemic antibiotic treatment and local antiseptic treatment. One hundred and two (16.7 per cent) severely affected animals were culled. There was a decrease in milk production and large increases in somatic cell counts in the 12 herds in which the disease was epidemic. None of the strains of isolated C pseudotuberculosis reduced nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yeruham
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Pittet JC, Pepin M, Normier G, Binz H, Le Pape A. Lymphoscintigraphy via the targeting of macrophages with 99mTc-J001X poly-galactoside in a model of pyogranulomas developed in sheep lymph nodes. Nucl Med Biol 1995; 22:355-65. [PMID: 7627151 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(94)00100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoscintigraphy usually involves labeled microparticles or colloids that distribute in the lymph flow. A new strategy for imaging pathological lymph nodes would be the targeting of macrophages recruited in these lesions. The potential for lymphoscintigraphy of the highly diffusible J001X acylated polygalactoside labeled with 99mTc was studied and compared to usual colloidal agents in a model of infectious granulomas developed in sheep. Scintigraphic and histological assessment of the specificity of targeting was performed using a MAb (OM1) raised against ovine macrophages taken as reference. This study has evidenced the ability of J001X specifically to image pathologic lymph nodes and more especially the second lymph node in the same chain with a significant scintigraphic contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Pittet
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Cellulaire et RMN, Unité INSERM U316, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
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Fontaine JJ, Pépin M, Pardon P, Marly J, Parodi AL. Comparative histopathology of draining lymph node after infection with virulent or attenuated strains of Salmonella abortusovis in lambs. Vet Microbiol 1994; 39:61-9. [PMID: 8203128 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(94)90086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Histological responses to the early phase of infection were compared in parotid lymph nodes of lambs infected by the subcutaneous route into the right eyelid with either a virulent or an attenuated strain of Salmonella abortusovis. The right parotid lymph nodes showed a massive PMN infiltration for the first days of infection for both strains. From day 6, the infected lymph nodes developed a lymphoid hyperplasia with prominent germinal centers independent of strain type. The virulent strain of S. abortusovis induced focal lesions in 2 out of 6 lambs necropsied on days 6 and 10, and provoked a systemic infection evidenced by the regular colonization of spleen on day 6. In contrast, no focal lesion and a restricted bacterial dissemination were observed in lambs infected with the vaccinal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Fontaine
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique associé à l'INRA, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Pépin M, Bernard S, Menanteau P, Olivier M, Berthon P, Lantier F. Reactivity of workshop monoclonal antibodies with normal and pathological ovine lymph nodes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 39:249-67. [PMID: 8310649 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibodies (82 mAbs) included in the Second Workshop that belonged to agreed named bovine CD and workshop clusters were tested for their reactivity and tissue distribution on (1) normal sheep lymph nodes and (2) pathological sheep lymph nodes. Pathological lymph nodes were induced following experimental infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and were characterized by the presence of typical pyogranulomas. Amongst the 82 mAbs tested, 38 reacted with sheep lymph nodes. The results of these tests are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pépin
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, INRA-Centre de Recherches de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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