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Rudolphi A, Boos KS, Seidel D. Coupled-column HPLC analysis of free urinary catecholamines using restricted access affinity precolumn and micro-particulate nonporous silica analytical column. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02688101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Whiting MJ. Simultaneous measurement of urinary metanephrines and catecholamines by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Ann Clin Biochem 2009; 46:129-36. [PMID: 19176643 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2008.008180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of catecholamines and metanephrines in urine is an important diagnostic test in biochemical screening for phaeochromocytoma. Tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS) has the potential to be used in a profiling method for simultaneous assay of these analytes. METHODS Optimal conditions were established for the MSMS detection of catecholamines (noradrenalin, adrenalin and dopamine) and metanephrines (normetanephrine and metanephrine), including commercially available isotopically labelled compounds for use as internal standards. Chromatographic separation of all five polar biogenic amines was achieved under solvent conditions that were compatible with MSMS and multiple reaction monitoring. Several types of solid-phase extraction cartridge were used to investigate clean-up conditions for urine, and acid-hydrolysates of urine, prior to LC-MSMS. RESULTS Total catecholamines and metanephrines from acid-hydrolysed urines, or free catecholamines and free metanephrines from native urines, were complexed with diphenyl-boronate and recovered in high yield from polymer cartridges after elution with formic acid. Direct injection of eluates into the LC-MSMS system allowed quantitation of catecholamines and metanephrines with a run time of 6 min per sample. Biogenic amine concentrations for patient urines and quality assurance programme samples, and assay imprecision, were similar to values obtained with high-performance liquid chromatography methods, which used electrochemical detection. In normal urines, the ratio of free to total catecholamines was around three-fold higher than the ratio of free to total metanephrines. CONCLUSION The assay of urinary catecholamines and metanephrines can be achieved simultaneously using one LC-MSMS method, which is rapid and reduces labour and consumable costs for routine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Whiting
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia.
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3
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Javidan S, Cwik MJ. Determination of Catecholamines in Human Plasma by HPLC with Electrochemical Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608006322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Javidan
- a College of Pharmacy , Tehran Medical University , Tehran, Iran
| | - M. J. Cwik
- b Clinical Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy , University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
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4
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Nikolajsen RP, Hansen ÅM. Analytical methods for determining urinary catecholamines in healthy subjects. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Rudolphi A, Boos KS, Seidel D. Coupled-column HPLC analysis of free urinary catecholamines using restricted access affinity precolumn and micro-particulate nonporous silica analytical column. Chromatographia 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02267798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Cheng FC, Kuo JS. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with electrochemical detection of biogenic amines using microbore columns. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 665:1-13. [PMID: 7795779 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) is a popular method for measuring biogenic amines, owing to its simplicity, versatility, sensitivity, and specificity. Recent developments in microbore column HPLC-ED have been facilitated by miniaturization of solvent delivery, column packing, sample injection and micro-flow cell construction. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of recent developments in microbore column HPLC-ED, in terms of advantages and limitations. This paper covers the recent advancements and important factors of HPLC-ED analysis of biogenic amines using microbore columns. Particular emphasis is placed on applying this technique to microdialysis, for which great sensitivity is required. Its potential in future biomedical applications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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7
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Prados P, Higashidate S, Imai K. A fully automated HPLC method for the determination of catecholamines in biological samples utilizing ethylenediamine condensation and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr 1994; 8:1-8. [PMID: 8130626 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130080102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A fully automated in-line extraction reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with chemiluminescence detection was developed for the analysis of human and rat plasma catecholamines (CAs), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA). N-Methyldopamine (N-MeDA) was used as an internal standard. The method involves collection of plasma samples, which are first diluted with a sample dilution buffer containing N-MeDA, and in-line extraction of CAs using a carboxylic acid small resin precolumn (SERUMOUT-CEX). This pre-extraction process was coupled with an HPLC system including reversed-phase mode separation on an analytical column (TSK gel ODS-80Ts), fluorogenic derivatization with ethylenediamine (ED) and finally postcolumn peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction detection using bis [4-nitro-2-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxycarbonyl)phenyl]oxalate (TDPO) and hydrogen peroxide. The optimized mobile phase compositions, flow rates, operation timing for the adsorption and desorption of CAs in the precolumn, the separation in the analytical column and the optimum fluorogenic and chemiluminogenic reaction conditions were investigated. The detection limit for all the CAs was about 1 fmol (signal-to-noise ratio is 2). Excellent linearity of the calibration curves for CAs was observed in the range from 5 to 500 fmol for each CA using the internal standard. The relative standard deviations of the method for determining NE (183 fmol), E (23.6 fmol) and DA (6.1 fmol) in 50 microL of human plasma (n = 3) were 2.8, 2.7 and 3.1%, respectively, for the within-day assay and 5.0, 3.8 and 4.0%, respectively, for the between-day assay. The method was applicable to the determination of CAs in 25-50 microL of human or rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prados
- Branch Hospital Pharmacy, University of Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Soga T, Inoue Y. Determination of catecholamines in urine and plasma by on-line sample pretreatment using an internal surface boronic acid gel. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 620:175-81. [PMID: 8300784 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80001-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An automated method of analysis of catecholamines using a new packing material, internal surface boronic acid gel, was developed. The new support is designed with a carboxymethylcellulose-bonded external surface in order to be non-adsorptive to proteins and with a phenylboronic acid-bonded internal surface to retain only catecholamines. This packing support displayed an affinity for basic or neutral catecholic compounds with no protein adsorption and enabled on-line sample pretreatment of catecholamines in urine and deproteinized plasma. The catecholamines were selectively adsorbed on the new material and separated on a reversed-phase or a cation-exchange column. These compounds were then detected electrochemically. The limits of quantitation were 1.5-3.0 ng/ml in urine and 10-15 pg/ml in plasma, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soga
- Yokogawa Analytical Systems, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Extension of the application of the thermal in-situ reaction on NH2 layers to the detection of catecholamines in biological materials. Chromatographia 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02275850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Eriksson BM, Wikström M. Determination of catecholamines in urine by liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection after on-line sample purification on immobilized boronic acid. J Chromatogr A 1992; 593:185-90. [PMID: 1639903 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine in urine were measured by an automated liquid chromatographic method. After sample purification on a column containing silica-immobilized boronic acid, which showed great affinity for catecholamines at neutral pH, the catecholamines were eluted by backflushing with an acidic mobile phase and transferred to a cation exchanger for separation. Detection was performed electrochemically and the relative standard deviation was 2% for the analysis of endogenous concentrations in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Eriksson
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Astra Hässle AB, Mölndal, Sweden
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11
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Eriksson BM, Wikström M. Determination of vanilmandelic acid in urine by coupled-column liquid chromatography combining affinity to boronate and separation by anion exchange. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 567:1-9. [PMID: 1918235 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80303-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An automated liquid chromatographic method for assaying vanilmandelic acid in urine is described. Vanilmandelic acid and potential interfering substances, such as catechol compounds and their metabolites, have been tested for affinity to boronic acid-substituted silica at various pH values. Vanilmandelic acid and the internal standard, isovanilmandelic acid, were bound to the boronate matrix at an acidic pH, whereas for instance catecholamines were unretained and passed through the column. The alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids were then desorbed by another mobile phase (pH 6.0) and transferred to an anion exchanger for chromatography and electrochemical detection. A relative standard deviation of 2.8% was obtained for the analysis of human urine samples containing 6.6 microM vanilmandelic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Eriksson
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, AB Hässle, Mölndal, Sweden
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12
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Yi Z, Brown PR. Chromatographic methods for the analysis of basic neurotransmitters and their acidic metabolites. Biomed Chromatogr 1991; 5:101-7. [PMID: 1677825 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic techniques for the determination of trace amounts of neurotransmitters were reviewed. The two techniques found to be most useful were GC-MS and the reversed-phase mode of HPLC with an electrochemical or fluorescent detector. For structure determination or unequivocal peak identification, GC-MS is the method of choice. In addition the limits of detection of GC-MS were better than those obtained by HPLC. However for routine analyses, HPLC is now being used in studies of mental illness and other diseases. Good resolution, reproducibility and sensitivity can be obtained without the derivatisation steps required for GC-MS, and catecholamines, serotonin, and their acidic metabolites can be concomitantly determined in one analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881
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13
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van der Hoorn FA, Boomsma F, Man in 't Veld AJ, Schalekamp MA. Improved measurement of urinary catecholamines by liquid-liquid extraction, derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 563:348-55. [PMID: 2055998 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80041-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a sensitive and reliable assay for the determination of the urinary catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine, based on selective extraction by a liquid-liquid extraction procedure, followed by selective derivatization with the fluorigenic agent 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. Comparison with a method using electrochemical detection shows that interference of an unknown compound, most probably N-methylepinephrine, which is an often-overlooked problem with methods using electrochemical detection and results in falsely high epinephrine concentrations, does not occur with the described fluorimetric method.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A van der Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Coquet A, Descombes AA, Veuthey JL, Haerdi W. Comparison between phenylboronic acid and iron loaded silicas to selectively preconcentrate catecholamines on-line coupled with HPLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00323802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Said R, Robinet D, Barbier C, Sartre J, Huguet C. Fully automated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the analysis of free catecholamines in urine. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 530:11-8. [PMID: 2277100 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A totally automated and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the routine determination of free catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine) in urine. The catecholamines were isolated from urine samples using small alumina columns. A standard automated method for pH adjustment of urine before the extraction step has been developed. The extraction was performed on an ASPEC (Automatic Sample Preparation with Extraction Columns, Gilson). The eluate was collected in a separate tube and then automatically injected into the chromatographic column. The catecholamines were separated by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography and quantified by fluorescence detection. No manual intervention was required during the extraction and separation procedure. One sample may be run every 15 min, ca. 96 samples in 24 h. Analytical recoveries for all three catecholamines are 63-87%, and the detection limits are 0.01, 0.01, and 0.03 microM for norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine, respectively, which is highly satisfactory for urine. Day-to-day coefficients of variation were less than 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Said
- Laboratoire Cerba, Pontoise, France
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16
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Yi Z, Brown PR. Analysis of Biogenic Amines and Their Acidic Metabolites by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/01483919008049021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Tsuchiya H, Hayashi T. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of catecholamines in biological samples by liquid/liquid extraction prepurification. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS 1990; 23:21-30. [PMID: 2304349 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(90)90005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A prepurification procedure for the determination of catecholamines in biological samples was studied to simplify the procedure and increase selectivity and recovery. The procedure is based on liquid/liquid extraction of catecholamine-borate complexes. Under optimal conditions, catecholamines formed complexes with diphenylborate in an alkaline NH4Cl/NH4OH buffer that were extracted with n-heptanol. Catecholamines were reextracted into an HCl-acidified solution, followed by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic separation with fluorometric detection. Application of the method to various samples of rat tissues and human urine showed procedural simplicity, high selectivity, and high recovery (about 90% or more for tissue samples). This method can be used for pharmacological studies on catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuchiya
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
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18
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Brandes C, Sugawa M, Menzel R. High-performance liquid chromatography (HLPC) measurement of catecholamines in single honeybee brains reveals caste-specific differences between worker bees and queens in apis mellifera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(90)90171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Hušek P. Simple approach for reversal of the epinephrine—norepinephrine elution order in ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Descombes AA, Haerdi W. Selective preconcentration on a metal loaded silica precolum and on-line HPLC separation of catechol derivatives in a complex medium. Application to the analysis of catecholamines in urine. Chromatographia 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02261060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Hjemdahl P, Larsson PT, Bradley T, Akerstedt T, Anderzén I, Sigurdsson K, Gillberg M, Lundberg U. Catecholamine measurements in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection--comparison with an autoanalyser fluorescence method. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1989; 494:53-66. [PMID: 2584345 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to validate different methods of measuring urinary catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine) in humans, methods based on separation of catecholamines using reversed-phase or cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection were compared with an autoanalyser-based fluorescence method. Different methods for pre-chromatography sample purification were also studied. For measurements of urinary catecholamines, the reversed-phase-based chromatographic techniques studied were found to give less reliable results than cation-exchange chromatography, even if one of them (Clin Rep Urine Catecholamine Kit) gave almost as precise estimates. The autoanalyser technique yielded good results. It is concluded that cation-exchange chromatography with an appropriate sample work-up procedure (a combination of organic solvent extraction and alumina adsorption) is a reliable and accurate method for analyses of urinary catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hjemdahl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Kågedal B, Källberg M, Arstrand K, Hansson C. Automated high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 5-S-cysteinyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in urine. J Chromatogr A 1989; 473:359-70. [PMID: 2504759 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An automated high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for measurement of 5-S-cysteinyl-DOPA in urine (DOPA = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). The urinary sample was injected into an HPLC boronate column. With a mobile phase of 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 0.2 mM disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA) (pH 6.0) mixed with methanol (9:1), 5-S-cysteinyl-DOPA was adsorbed while most other compounds were washed away. By column switching, the column flow was reversed and 5-S-cysteinyl-DOPA was desorbed by a mobile phase of 0.1 M formic acid and 0.2 mM Na2EDTA at pH 3.0 and chromatographed on a reversed-phase column. The precision, as estimated from repeated analysis of an urinary sample and from duplicate analysis of a number of samples, ranged from 1.4 to 5.2% (coefficient of variation), and the analytical recovery was 93 +/- 4.1%. The method is suitable for use in the clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kågedal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
In this review the methods used for analysis of plasma catecholamines in clinical chemical laboratories are discussed. The physiology of catecholamines as well as their measuring indications are discussed, together with concise evaluation of the methods most commonly used, namely indirect radioenzymatic assays or direct determinations by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with either electrochemical or fluorometric detection. The main advantage of radioenzymatic assay is its sensitivity and thus the need for only a small sample. Liquid chromatographic methods in general are less tedious, relatively rapid, and cheap, and omit the use of radionuclides. Both of these methods, however, are subject to a number of analytical errors, which can only be avoided by proper development of methods and skilled use of these methods. Little routine work is done using either radioimmunoassay or gas-chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nyyssönen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Tsuchiya H, Koike T, Hayashi T. On-line purification for the determination of catecholamines by liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Chan YP, Siu TS. Simultaneous quantitation of catecholamines and O-methylated metabolites in urine by isocratic ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 1988; 459:251-60. [PMID: 3243900 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)82034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of catecholamines and metanephrines in urine. One-step sample preparation was achieved with Bio-Rex 70 ion-exchange resin. The extract was assayed on a C18 reversed-phase column. Dihydroxybenzylamine was used as an internal standard. The eluent was monitored by an electrochemical detector with an oxidation potential of +0.85 V. The use of 1-heptanesulphonic acid in the mobile phase permitted the separation of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, normetanephrine and metanephrine in a single chromatogram. The corresponding detection limits were 5, 9, 14, 10 and 30 nmol/l, respectively. For the between-day precision, the coefficients of variation at physiological and pathological concentrations were less than 11%. Compounds with similar chemical structures and drugs commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension were assayed and found not to cause interferences in the chromatogram. The assay is reliable and is suitable for the analysis of clinical specimens. Reference values were established for normotensive Chinese patients with no neurological or endocrine disorders and also for patients suffering from essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Chan
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, University of Hong Kong
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26
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Boos KS, Wilmers B, Schlimme E, Sauerbrey R. On-line sample processing and analysis of diol compounds in biological fluids. J Chromatogr A 1988; 456:93-104. [PMID: 3243873 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(86)80009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed a coupled dual column system with an optional post-column derivatization for on-line sample processing, trace enrichment and analysis of aromatic 1,2-diol and aliphatic cis-diol biomolecules (e.g. catecholamines, ribonucleosides). The fully automated high-performance liquid chromatography analyzer tolerates the direct injection of proteinaceous fluids by use of a unique bonded-phase precolumn material which allows the simultaneous performance of covalent affinity and size-exclusion chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Boos
- Laboratory for Biological Chemistry, University, Paderborn, F.R.G
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27
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Abstract
The research on biosynthesis, physiology, pharmacology, regulation and degradation of catecholamines has continuously increased for more than 50 years. This is not unexpected because of the fact that catecholamines are involved in so many life processes such as nerve conduction, blood circulation and hormone regulations in health and disease. This demands that methods for their determination should be improved, and in fact during the years a number of analytical methods have been published. About 20 years ago radioenzyme techniques with thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) separation of radiolabelled catecholamine derivatives were developed which greatly contributed to our knowledge of physiological concentrations of catecholamines in biological media, particularly in plasma and brain. Radioimmune methods were successful for analysis of a number of analytes, but for catecholamines radioimmunoassays developed slowly. We believe that the greatest potential for radioimmunochemical methods lies in their ability to localize catecholamines and metabolites at the cellular and subcellular levels. With the advent of gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedures analysis of catecholamines improved greatly., The equipment for GC-MS is expensive and requires technical skillfulness, but in experienced hands a lot of new biological data have emerged. An outstanding quality with GC-MS is that the method offers the ability to identify unknown compounds and is relatively free from interferences from extraneous compounds. In comparison with GC-MS, HPLC is versatile and has gained a widespread use. Applications for research in the catecholamine field are numerous. In general, the sensitivity and specificity are satisfactory with HPLC, but it should be borne in mind that a number of pitfalls can obscure the results. This involves both sample handling, clean-up and chromatographic procedures. At present, HPLC is the most expanding field in chromatographic determination of catecholamines and their metabolites. This is particularly the case for HPLC with electrochemical detection which has revolutionized our analytical potential in this field. These chromatographic procedures continue to develop. The prerequisites for further improved methods such as capillary zone electrophoresis and combined HPLC-MS are at hand and hopefully will soon come into more general use for analysis of catecholamines in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kågedal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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28
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Anderson GM, Durkin TA, Morton JB, Cohen DJ. Liquid chromatographic determination of urinary catecholamines after one-step alumina extraction. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1988; 424:373-7. [PMID: 3372630 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Anderson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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