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Kuzikov A, Masamrekh R, Shkel T, Strushkevich N, Gilep A, Usanov S, Archakov A, Shumyantseva V. Assessment of electrocatalytic hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by means of derivatization of 6β-hydroxycortisol by sulfuric acid for fluorimetric assay. Talanta 2019; 196:231-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Shibasaki H, Okamoto S, Inoue R, Okita M, Yokokawa A, Furuta T. Separation and quantitative determination of 6α-hydroxycortisol and 6β-hydroxycortisol in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorption detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2945-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Luo X, Zhu L, Wu W, Sheng X, Cai N, Liu S, Cheng Z. Simultaneous Determination of 6β-Hydroxycortisol and 6β-Hydroxycortisone in Human Urine by LC with UV Absorbance Detection. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hoshiro M, Ohno Y, Masaki H, Iwase H, Aoki N. Comprehensive study of urinary cortisol metabolites in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006; 64:37-45. [PMID: 16402926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further analyse the significance and mutual relationship of thyroid function-linked alterations in cortisol metabolism that have been separately and variously reported. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Twenty-four-hour urine samples from 21 patients with hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease), 16 patients with hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), 21 healthy age- and sex-matched controls for hyperthyroidism, and 16 healthy age- and sex-matched controls for hypothyroidism were evaluated for 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF), tetrahydrocortisol (THF), tetrahydrocortisone (THE), allo-tetrahydrocortisol (allo-THF), urinary free cortisol (UFF), urinary free cortisone (UFE) and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS). RESULTS Urinary 17-OHCS, THE and allo-THF levels increased considerably in hyperthyroid patients compared to the controls, while UFF and THF showed no difference between the two groups. Urinary 6beta-OHF was significantly lower in the hyperthyroid patients than in the controls. Both the urinary allo-THF + THF/THE and the UFF/UFE ratios were significantly lower in the hyperthyroid patients than in the controls, whereas only the former was significantly higher in the hypothyroid patients than in the controls. The urinary allo-THF/THF ratio was significantly higher in the hyperthyroid patients and significantly lower in the hypothyroid patients than in the controls. In an analysis of pooled subjects including all groups (n = 64), free T4 levels correlated negatively (P < 0.0001) with the urinary allo-THF + THF/THE ratio but not with the UFF/UFE ratio. The serum levels of free T4 correlated positively (P < 0.0001) with the urinary allo-THF/THF ratio. CONCLUSION The thyroid hormones seem to affect the total 11beta-HSD activity (allo-THF + THF/THE) more strongly than the renal 11beta-HSD2 activity (UFF/UFE). 5alpha-reductase activity (allo-THF/THF) is also enhanced in hyperthyroidism, while the reduction of urinary 6beta-OHF in hyperthyroidism might be a secondary effect of the altered activity of the total 11beta-HSD and 5alpha-reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoshiro
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan.
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Marciniec B, Ogrodowczyk M, Dettlaff K. Search for the effect of E-beam irradiation on some steroids. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Furuta T, Mori C, Suzuki A, Shibasaki H, Yokokawa A, Kasuya Y. Simultaneous determination of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol in human urine by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection for phenotyping the CYP3A activity determined by the cortisol 6β-hydroxylation clearance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 801:165-71. [PMID: 14751784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF) and cortisol in human urine using either methylprednisolone or beclomethasone as internal standard. Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase phenyl column by a gradient elution of 0.05 M KH(2)PO(4)-0.01 M CH(3)COOH (pH 3.77) and 0.05 M KH(2)PO(4)-0.01 M CH(3)COOH with acetonitrile (4:6, v/v). 6beta-Hydroxycortisol and cortisol were monitored by UV absorption at 239 nm. The lower quantitation limits of the present HPLC method were 21.5 ng/ml for 6beta-OHF and 5.0 ng/ml for cortisol in urine. The within-day reproducibilities in the amounts of 6beta-OHF and cortisol determined were in good agreement with the actual amounts added, the relative error being less than 1.59%. The inter-assay precisions (R.S.D. values) were less than 7.91% for 6beta-OHF and cortisol. The method was compared with the GC/MS method by measuring 6beta-OHF in the same urine samples. A good correlation was found between the amounts determined by the two methods. The regression equations for the HPLC (y) and GC/MS (x) methods were: y=1.0701x+17.389 (r=0.9772) for methylprednisolone as internal standard and y=1.0827x+6.1364 (r=0.9794) for beclomethasone as internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Furuta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo, Japan.
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Luceri F, Fattori S, Luceri C, Zorn M, Mannaioni P, Messeri G. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of 6beta-OH-cortisol/cortisol ratio in human urine: a specific marker of enzymatic induction. Clin Chem Lab Med 2001; 39:1234-9. [PMID: 11798083 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2001.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The urinary 6beta-OH-cortisol/cortisol ratio is a specific, non-invasive marker for evaluating inductive or inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 3A activity. We propose a new quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with isotope dilution (GC-ID-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of urinary free cortisol (UFC) and 6beta-OH-cortisol (6beta-OHC). The method utilizes the following: (a) addition of internal standard (2H2 cortisol) to 1 ml of urine; (b) loading on to an Extrelut column and elution with dichloromethane; (c) derivatization to dimethoxime tri-(trimethyl-silyl)ether (MOX-TMS); (d) separation and identification by GC-ID-MS. The detection limit for cortisol was 22 pg injected (signal-to-noise ratio 10:1) and for 6beta-OH-cortisol 123 pg injected (signal-to-noise ratio 10:1). The intra-assay and the inter-assay imprecision were 4.69% and 7.4% for 6beta-OHC and 2.44% and 3.53% for cortisol, respectively. We used this method to analyze 57 morning urine samples of healthy volunteers and patients under different conditions. We found that chronic alcoholics had a significantly higher ratio of 6beta-OHC/UFC compared to controls (p<0.0001), whereas adults undergoing methadone therapy and patients with acute alcohol intoxication exhibited a significantly lower urinary 6beta-OHC/UFC ratio (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). The proposed method allows a rapid and accurate assessment of the 6beta-OHC/UFC ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Luceri
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Firenze, Italy.
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Abu-Qare AW, Abou-Donia MB. DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) alone and in combination with permethrin increased urinary excretion of 6beta-hydroxycortisol in rats, a marker of hepatic CYP3A induction. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2001; 64:373-384. [PMID: 11700004 DOI: 10.1080/152873901753170722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the ratio of 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF) to free cortisol (F) was determined in urine following a single dermal dose of 400 mg/kg of DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), and 1.3 mg/kg of permethrin, alone and in combination, in rats. Urine samples were collected at 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h after application. Recoveries of 6beta-OHF and cortisol (F) from control urine samples were between 75 and 85%, with limits of detection at 30 and 10 ng/ml for cortisol and 6beta-OHF, respectively. A single dermal dose of DEET alone and in combination with permethrin significantly increased urinary excretion of 6beta-hydroxycortisol 24 h after dosing. Permethrin did not significantly alter the urinary excretion of 6beta-hydroxycortisol. These results indicate that DEET, alone and in combination with permethrin, increased urinary excretion of 6beta-OHF in rats following a single dermal dose application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Abu-Qare
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Ohno M, Yamaguchi I, Saiki K, Yamamoto I, Azuma J. Specific determination of urinary 6beta-hydroxycortisol and cortisol by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 746:95-101. [PMID: 11048745 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The urinary 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio is believed to be a noninvasive index of cytochrome P450 3A activity. For precise assessment of the ratio in human urine, we have developed a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry method. The selective method was accurate and reproducible with intra- and inter-day precision of variation coefficients of less than 8%. The 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio ranged from 3.0 to 12.4 in healthy Japanese 24-h urine. With the recent popularization of LC-MS, our LC-MS method will be advantageous to detect human in vivo CYP3A activity for clinical investigation and routine measurement in various laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohno
- Department of Clinical Evaluation of Medicines and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Tang C, Kassahun K, McIntosh IS, Brunner J, Rodrigues AD. Simultaneous determination of urinary free cortisol and 6beta-hydroxycortisol by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry and its application for estimating hepatic CYP3A induction. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 742:303-13. [PMID: 10901135 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS-MS) assay was developed to simultaneously determine monkey urinary free cortisol (C) and 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHC) in 8 min. Urine sample (0.5 ml) containing fludrocortisone acetate (F-C) as the internal standard was extracted with ethyl acetate for 5 min with an extraction efficiency of 90% and 75% for C and 6beta-OHC, respectively. A Perkin-Elmer Sciex API 3000 triple quadruple instrument was used for mass spectrometric detection and the column eluent was directed to a heated nebulizer probe. The assay was linear over the range 0.25-10 microM for each analyte. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) over the entire concentration range for both analytes was less than 10%. Accuracy determined at three concentrations (0.8, 2.0 and 8.0 microM) ranged between 95.5 and 108%. The method described herein is suitable for the rapid and efficient measurement of 6beta-OHC/C ratio in Rhesus monkey urine following administration of known hepatic CYP3A inducers and can be used to estimate potential CYP3A induction by drug candidates in the process of early drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tang
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486-0004, USA
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Furuta T, Matsuzawa M, Shibasaki H, Kasuya Y. Simultaneous determination of 6beta- and 6alpha-hydroxycortisols and 6beta-hydroxycortisone in human urine by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 738:367-76. [PMID: 10718654 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF, 6beta,11beta,17alpha,21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-ene- 3,20-dione), 6alpha-hydroxycortisol (6alpha-OHF, 6alpha,11beta,17alpha,21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-ene -3,20-dione) and 6beta-hydroxycortisone (6beta-OHE, 6beta,17alpha,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione) in human urine is described. Deuterium-labelled compounds, 6beta-[1,1,19,19,19-2H5]OHF (6beta-OHF-d5), 6alpha-[1,1,19,19,19-2H5]OHF (6alpha-OHF-d5) and 6beta-[1,1,19,19,19-2H5]OHE (6beta-OHE-d5) were used as internal standards. Quantitation was carried out by selected-ion monitoring of the characteristic fragment ions ([M-31]+) of the methoxime-trimethylsilyl (MO-TMS) derivatives of 6beta-OHF, 6alpha-OHF and 6beta-OHE. The sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy of the method were demonstrated to be satisfactory for measuring 6beta-OHF, 6alpha-OHF and 6beta-OHE in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Furuta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Japan.
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Smith DA, Abel SM, Hyland R, Jones BC. Human cytochrome P450s: selectivity and measurement in vivo. Xenobiotica 1998; 28:1095-128. [PMID: 9890156 DOI: 10.1080/004982598238859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Smith
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich, UK
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Thompson TN. Experimental models for evaluating enzyme induction potential of new drug candidates in animals and humans and a strategy for their use. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1997; 43:205-29. [PMID: 9342178 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental models that have application for evaluating enzyme induction potential have been described in order of increasing complexity. The main focus was on models that have had wide application thus far. However, many new models are currently being developed that may have future applications in evaluating enzyme induction potential. A strategy to evaluate the enzyme induction potential of drug candidates was outlined. This scheme uses a combination of new and established techniques to evaluate data in a stepwise manner that is appropriate to the drug's current stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Thompson
- Department of Drug Metabolism, North American Pharmacokinetics, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri 64137, USA
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Yeung JH, Wong JK, Park BK. Development of a monoclonal antibody to 6 beta-hydroxycortisol and its application in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 6 beta-hydroxycortisol in urine. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1997; 38:71-9. [PMID: 9403777 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8719(97)00051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel monoclonal antibody to 6 beta-hydroxycortisol (6 beta-OHC) was generated and incorporated into an antigen-coated indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 6 beta-OHC-protein conjugate as the steroid-coating antigen. The monoclonal antibody is specific to 6 beta-OHC and 6 beta-OHC-3-carboxymethyloxime. Cross-reactivity with other structurally related steroids such as cortisol, cortisone, and 6 beta-hydroxycortisone was less than 10%. Two different clones (clone 5C1 and 19F) of the monoclonal anti-6 beta-OHC antibody have been developed, each with slightly different sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity of the MAb clones was not significantly improved when compared to the rabbit polyclonal antibodies in this study, but still within the accepted detection limit for 6 beta-OHC in both human and laboratory animals. The assay had a detection limit of 200 ng/ml, an intraassay variation of 6.4% and an interassay variation of 7.3%. The application of the anti-6 beta-OHC-MAb-based-ELISA was tested by measuring the urinary output of 6 beta-OHC in human before and after enzyme induction by rifampicin treatment. The mean 24-h urine output of 6 beta-OHC in human subjects was 485 +/- 100 micrograms and 1478 +/- 281 micrograms before and after rifampicin administration, respectively. In conclusion, the monoclonal anti-6 beta-OHC antibody developed in this study has the required specificity and sensitivity as an alternative method for measuring urinary 6 beta-OHC in the detection of enzyme induction or enzyme inhibition of CYP3A in humans and laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
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Amin AS. Colorimetric Microdetermination of some Corticosteroid Drugs Using Indophenol as Chromophoric Reagent. ANAL LETT 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719608001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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