1
|
Guerrero ML, Díaz AN, Sánchez FG, Corrall H. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe chiral separation of enantiomers is crucial for pharmacovigilance within drug discovery. Although a large number of prescribed medications are marketed as pure enantiomers, this is not always the case and many are in fact racemic mixtures. Drug scandals, such as that of Thalidomide in 1961, provide a clear example of the social and economic repercussions that can be caused by negligence of these chiral compounds. Two high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are presented to determine, separate and quantitate a commonly prescribed chiral beta blocker, (-)-Alprenolol. The first method utilises a chiral column to physically separate the two enantiomers of Alprenolol in 25 minutes, before quantitating with two detectors. Fluorimetry gave the better limit of detection of 0.16-0.41ng and a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The second method used an achiral column coupled with polarimetry to quantitate (-)-Alprenolol without the need for physical separation in 10 minutes. The limit of detection achieved was 27-37μg and demonstrated a correlation coefficient of -0.999.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.M. López Guerrero
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Av. Cervantes, 2, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - A. Navas Díaz
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Av. Cervantes, 2, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - F. García Sánchez
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Av. Cervantes, 2, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - H. Corrall
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Av. Cervantes, 2, 29071Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiral recognition of propranolol enantiomers by chiral ionic liquid: A quantum chemical calculation analysis. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Anan’eva IA, Polyakova YA, Shapovalova EN, Mazhuga AG, Shpigun OA. Separation of β-Blocker Enantiomers on Silica Modified with Gold Nanoparticles with Immobilized Macrocyclic Antibiotic Vancomicin. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Sun L, Xin L, Peng Z, Jin R, Jin Y, Qian H, Fu Z. Toxicity and enantiospecific differences of two β-blockers, propranolol and metoprolol, in the embryos and larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1367-1378. [PMID: 23661550 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The risk presented by β-blockers on aquatic organisms remains uncertain, particularly given the enantiospecific differences in toxicity of chiral β-blockers. In this study, the toxicity of two β-blockers, propranolol and metoprolol, was determined. The 96-h LC50 of propranolol in the zebrafish larvae was 2.48 mg/L, whereas 50 mg/L metoprolol did not result in death. Both β-blockers decreased the heart rate and hatching rate and increased the mortality of the zebrafish embryos. Among these indicators, the heart rate was the most sensitive. However, the acute larval and embryo toxicity results displayed no enantioselectivity. Additionally, the transcriptional response of the genes encoding the β-adrenergic receptors and those involved in other physiological processes, including the antioxidant response, detoxification, and apoptosis, in zebrafish larvae exposed to the β-blockers was examined. Although the changes in gene transcription were fairly minor, significant enantioselectivity was observed for β-blockers, suggesting that the transcriptional response was more sensitive for the evaluation of enantiospecific toxicity. Based on these results, the pharmaceutical drugs were not expected to pose a risk to fish; however, this conclusion should not be considered final. These results also demonstrated that the enantiospecific toxicity of chiral β-blockers should be investigated when performing an ecological risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghatee MH, Sedghamiz T. Chiral recognition of Propranolol enantiomers by β-Cyclodextrin: Quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
6
|
Enantioseparation of chiral pharmaceuticals in biomedical and environmental analyses by liquid chromatography: An overview. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 968:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Baranowska I, Wilczek A, Michał K, Baranowski J. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC-DAD METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF NINE DRUGS AND THEIR ELEVEN METABOLITES IN PLASMA AND URINE: PLASMA SAMPLES MEASUREMENTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.695309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Chemical Faculty, Silesian University of Technology , Strzody , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wilczek
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Chemical Faculty, Silesian University of Technology , Strzody , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Kwiatkowski Michał
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Chemical Faculty, Silesian University of Technology , Strzody , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Jacek Baranowski
- b Department of Clinical Physiology , University Hospital , Linköping , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of propranolol enantiomers from human plasma based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:701-10. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet was developed and validated for the extraction of propranolol enantiomers from human plasma. The studied enantiomers were extracted from diluted and alkalized plasma samples using 1-undecanol as the extracting solvent. HPLC–fluorescence detection analyses were carried out on a chiral column, using n-hexane–ethanol (80:20, v/v) plus 0.2% triethylamine as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The significant factors in the microextraction procedure, including extracting and disperser solvents volume, solution pH and salt contents were optimized by using a central composite design and the response surface methodology. Results: Under optimized conditions, the mean recoveries were approximately 14% with linear responses over the 0.5–100 ng/ml concentration range for both enantiomers. The LOQ was 0.5 ng/ml (S/N = 10). Intra-day (n = 5) and inter-day (n = 3) assay precision (1 and 50 ng/ml) showed RSD lower than 8 and 9.5% for studied enantiomers, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully used for the determination of propranolol enantiomers in plasma samples obtained after single drug administration of racemic propranolol tablet to three healthy volunteers. The plasmatic concentrations of (-)-(S)-PROP were higher than those of (+)-(R)-PROP in all times after oral administration of the racemic drug. Conclusion: The obtained results proved that the proposed method is a powerful technique for sample preparation, providing suitable recoveries, efficient cleanup, high selectivity and sensitivity and low consumption of organic solvent for determination of the studied enantiomers in plasma samples after oral administration of the racemic drug to volunteers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Determination of propranolol enantiomers in plasma and urine by spectrofluorimetry and second-order standard addition method. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 651:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
BARANOWSKA I, MARKOWSKI P, BARANOWSKI J. Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of 23 Selected Drugs Belonging to Different Therapeutic Groups in Human Urine Samples. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1307-13. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena BARANOWSKA
- Department of Analytical and General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology
| | - Piotr MARKOWSKI
- Department of Analytical and General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Felix G, Berthod A. Commercial Chiral Stationary Phases for the Separations of Clinical Racemic Drugs. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15422110701826997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
Shpigun OA, Ananieva IA, Budanova NY, Shapovalova EN. Use of cyclodextrins for separation of enantiomers. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2003v072n12abeh000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Li X, McGuffin VL. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Chiral Separations with β‐Cyclodextrin Stationary Phase: I. Effect of Mobile Phase Composition. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701191177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- a Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , Michigan , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou X, Li X, Zeng Z. Solid-phase microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis for the determination of propranolol enantiomers in urine using a sol–gel derived calix[4]arene fiber. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1104:359-65. [PMID: 16384573 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new type of diglycidyloxy-calix[4]arene coated fiber made by sol-gel method was initially prepared for capillary electrophoresis (CE) sample pretreatment. By using headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with a novel back-extraction facility coupled off-line to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), the simultaneous determination of propranolol enantiomers in human urine was achieved. The clean up effect and preconcentration effect were realized for the first time without derivatization during the SPME process in terms of these strong polarity and thermal stable compounds. Ultrasonic back-extraction and field amplified sample injection (FASI) technologies were employed. Extraction and back-extraction parameters were optimized. Preconcentration of the sample by calix[4]arene fiber based SPME and FASI increased the sensitivity, yielding a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01microg/ml by CZE-diode array detection (DAD). Method repeatability (RSD<6.5%) and fiber reusability (>150 extraction procedures) were observed over a linear range (0.05-10microg/ml) in urine samples. Based on the superior thermal stability, high alkali- and solvent-resistant ability, marvelous repeatability and long lifetime of the novel fiber, this SPME-FASI-CZE procedure could meet the demand of minimum required performance limit (MRPL) set by the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) for the detection of propranolol in urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Hsieh Y, Cook J, Morrison R, Korfmacher WA. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Enantioselective Determination of Propranolol and Pindolol in Mouse Blood by Serial Sampling. Anal Chem 2006; 78:1212-7. [PMID: 16478114 DOI: 10.1021/ac0516178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) coupled to an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source and a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) with minimum sample pretreatment was explored for the rapid and enantioselective determination of (R,S)-propranolol in mouse blood. Serial bleeding of mice is advantageous for the reduction of animal usage, dosing errors, and animal-to-animal variation. The effects of the eluent flow rate and composition as well as the nebulizer temperatures on the ionization efficiency of racemic propranolol and pindolol as model compounds in the positive ion mode under pSFC conditions were studied. The fundamental parameters on the proposed hyphenated system such as matrix ionization suppression and chromatographic performances were investigated in improving sensitivity and enantiomeric separation for the detection of the analytes. The proposed chiral pSFC-APCI/MS/MS approach requiring approximately 3 min/sample for the determination of (R,S)-propranolol at a low nanogram per milliliter region was partially validated with respect to specificity, linearity, reproducibility, and accuracy and was applied to support a pharmacokinetic study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hsieh Y, Favreau L, Cheng KC, Chen J. Chiral supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of pindolol and propranolol in metabolic stability samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:3037-41. [PMID: 16193537 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A chiral packed-column supercritical fluid chromatographic (pSFC) system coupled to tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) for the rapid measurements of (R,S)-propranolol and (+/-)-pindolol in metabolic stability samples was developed. The effects of the eluent flow rates and compositions, as well as of the nebulizer temperature, on the chromatographic performance and the ionization efficiency of the analytes in positive ion mode under pSFC conditions were studied. The ionization mechanism of the analytes in the CO2/methanol atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) environments with or without the use of an additive was studied. The chiral pSFC-APCI-MS/MS approach requiring approximately 2 min per sample was applied for the simultaneous determination of two pairs of racemic drugs in in vitro samples at low nanogram per milliliter concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Hsieh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choi SO, Lee SH, Choo HYP. Prediction on the chiral behaviors of drugs with amine moiety on the chiral cellobiohydrolase stationary phase using a partial least square method. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:1009-15. [PMID: 15554255 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Structure-Resolution Relationship (QSRR) using the Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) software was applied to predict the chromatographic behaviors of chiral drugs with an amine moiety on the chiral cellobiohydrolase (CBH) columns. As a result of the Quantitative CoMFA-Resolution Relationship study, using the partial least square method, prediction of the behavior of drugs with amine moiety upon chiral separation became possible from their three dimensional molecular structures. When a mixed mobile phase of 10 mM aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) - isopropanol (95:5) was employed, the best Quantitative CoMFA-Resolution Relationship, derived from the study, provided a cross-validated q2 = 0.933, a normal r2 = 0.995, while the best Quantitative CoMFA-Separation Factor Relationship, also derived from the study, yielded a cross-validated q2 = 0.939, a normal r2 = 0.991. When all of these results are considered, this QSRR-CoMFA analysis appears to be a very useful tool for the preliminary prediction on the chromatographic behaviors of drugs with an amine moiety inside chiral CBH columns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ok Choi
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul 122-704, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
el-Saharty YS. Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of furosemide and propranolol HCL and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:699-709. [PMID: 14623596 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A practical, sensitive, selective and efficient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is reported for the determination of two commonly used antihypertensive drugs, furosemide and propranolol hydrochloride. The drugs were eluted through a Nucleosil C(18) column with a mobile phase composed of 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) adjusted to pH 4.5 and the effluent from the column was monitored at 235 nm. The present method enabled simple and isocratic HPLC with UV detection of these drugs in raw materials and in pharmaceutical formulations. These procedures were also applied for the assay of furosemide in rabbits' plasma, using propranolol hydrochloride as an internal standard. The linear concentration range of the assay was 0.1-200 and 5-200 microg ml(-1) for furosemide and propranolol hydrochloride, respectively. The inter and intra-day assay precision and accuracy showed reproducibility and good linearity (r(2)>0.99). The method retained its accuracy and precision when applying the standard addition technique. The results obtained by applying the proposed method was statistically analysed and compared with those obtained by the reported methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S el-Saharty
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini St., ET-11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Badaloni E, D'Acquarica I, Gasparrini F, Lalli S, Misiti D, Pazzucconi F, Sirtori CR. Enantioselective liquid chromatographic-electrospray mass spectrometric assay of β-adrenergic blockers: application to a pharmacokinetic study of sotalol in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796:45-54. [PMID: 14552815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective high performance liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (HPLC-ESI-MS) method for the direct determination of several beta-adrenergic blockers was developed and validated. The method is based on the direct separation of the enantiomers of drugs on a laboratory-made chiral stationary phase (CSP) containing covalently bonded teicoplanin (TE) as chiral selector. Detection of the effluent was performed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, run in the selected-ion recording (SIR) mode. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetic monitoring of sotalol (STL) in the plasma of five young healthy volunteers, dosed with racemic drug. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) reached 4 ng/ml for both sotalol enantiomers. Such a method, fully validated, offers a novel, fast and very efficient tool for the direct determination of sotalol enantiomers in human plasma, and can be generally applied to the beta-adrenergic blockers stereoselective pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Badaloni
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xia YQ, Bakhtiar R, Franklin RB. Automated online dual-column extraction coupled with teicoplanin stationary phase for simultaneous determination of (R)- and (S)-propranolol in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 788:317-29. [PMID: 12705972 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An automated online sample extraction method for rat plasma was developed and validated for the quantification of (R)- and (S)-propranolol following the intravenous administration of either the racemate or the individual enantiomers at 5 mg/kg. A dual-column extraction system coupled to a chiral stationary phase (CSP) was used in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In this method, two Oasis HLB extraction columns (50x1.0 mm) in parallel were used for online plasma sample purification and teicoplanin CSP (Chirobiotic T) was used for the enantiomeric separation. This method allowed the use of one of the extraction columns for purification while the other was being equilibrated. Hence, the time required for re-conditioning the extraction columns did not contribute to the total analysis time per sample, which resulted in a relatively shorter run time and higher throughput. The lower limit of detection was 0.5 ng/ml and the lower limit of quantification was 2 ng/ml for each enantiomer using 25 microl of rat plasma. The method was validated with a linear calibration curve between 2 and 2000 ng/ml for (R)- and (S)-propranolol, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision (C.V.) was no more than 7.6% and the accuracy of the assay was between 92 and 103%. The teicoplanin CSP proved to be rugged with excellent reproducibility of chromatographic parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qing Xia
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Transformation of Carboxylic Esters to Aldehydes with Lithium N,N'-Dimethylethylenediaminoaluminum Hydride. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2003.24.1.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
Molecular Modeling of the Chiral Recognition of Propranolol Enantiomers by a β-Cyclodextrin. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2003.24.1.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
23
|
Clarke W, Hage DS. Clinical Applications of Affinity Chromatography. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/spm-120025025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
24
|
Pham-Huy C, Villain-Pautet G, Hua H, Chikhi-Chorfi N, Galons H, Thevenin M, Claude JR, Warnet JM. Separation of oxazepam, lorazepam, and temazepam enantiomers by HPLC on a derivatized cyclodextrin-bonded phase: application to the determination of oxazepam in plasma. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2002; 54:287-99. [PMID: 12543505 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(02)00123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of three racemic 3-hydroxybenzodiazepines, oxazepam (Oxa), lorazepam (Lor), and temazepam (Tem), is a difficult operation because of the spontaneous chiral inversion in polar solvent. To solve this problem, we have developed an HPLC method based on a chiral Cyclobond I-2000 RSP column, maintained at 12 degrees C, and a reversed mobile phase (acetonitrile in 1% triethylamine acetate buffer, TEAA) at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. Peaks were detected by a photodiode-array detector at 230 nm for quantification and by an optical rotation detector for identification of (+) and (-) enantiomers. The results showed that peak resolutions of Oxa, Lor, and Tem enantiomers, analyzed under the same conditions, were 3.2, 2.0, and 1.8, respectively. For the determination of Oxa enantiomers in plasma of rabbits, extraction with diethyl ether at pH 1.5, a polar organic mobile phase, and a Cyclobond I-2000 SP column were used. Other analytical conditions were the same as previously described. Blood samples were immediately cooled at 4 degrees C and centrifuged at 0 degrees C for the collection of plasma. The results showed a difference in plasma S(+)- and R(-)-oxazepam concentrations in rabbits. No racemization of S(+)- or R(-)-Oxa enantiomers, added alone to blank plasma, was observed after extraction and enantioselective HPLC analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuong Pham-Huy
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris V, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schneiderman E, Stalcup AM. Cyclodextrins: a versatile tool in separation science. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 745:83-102. [PMID: 10997705 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins have been used extensively in separation science because they have been shown to discriminate between positional isomers, functional groups, homologues and enantiomers. This property makes them one of the most useful agents for a wide variety of separations. The main goal of this review is a discussion of somewhat more exotic applications of cyclodextrins to separation methods. Techniques examined in detail include gel electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, preparative scale electrophoretic techniques, thin-layer chromatography, electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography, use of monolithic media in liquid chromatography, microdialysis, separation on hollow fibers, foam flotation enrichment, solid- and liquid-phase extractions, countercurrent chromatography, separation through liquid and composite membranes, and cyclodextrin applications in molecularly imprinted polymers. Since a lot of attention has been paid to use of cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis, liquid, gas and supercritical fluid chromatography, these techniques will be only briefly discussed. The second goal of this review is a discussion of a scaling-up the analytical separations to semi-preparative or preparative techniques. It was found that despite a need for large scale separations in the industry, development of these techniques has been somewhat lagging behind development of miniaturized analytical separations. It is hoped that the focus on areas outside more traditional separation applications might stimulate further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Schneiderman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim KH, Shin SD, Lee JH, Lee SC, Kang JS, Mar W, Hong SP, Kim HJ. Chiral separation of the enantiomers of metoprolol and its metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 2000; 23:230-6. [PMID: 10896053 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(1'R, 2R)-, (1'R, 2S)-, (1'S, 2R)- and (1'S, 2S)-alpha-hydroxymetoprolol; (2R)- and (2S)-O-desmethylmetoprolol; and (2R)- and (2S)-metoprolol acid are major metabolites of (2R)-and (2S)-metoprolol, beta-adrenergic antagonist. The focus of most chiral separation methods until now has been on determination of the enantiomeric parent drug. However, it is just as important to be able to follow the metabolism of the enantiomers and their possible chiral metabolites. Therefore, for the study of stereoselective metabolism and pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, the chiral separation of the enantiomers of metoprolol and its metabolites has been investigated using four chiral stationary phases, i.e., Chiralcel OD, Chiral-AGP, Cyclobond I and Sumichiral OA-4900 columns. Metoprolol acid was resolved only by Sumichiral OA-4900. Chiralcel OD provided the highest separation factor and resolution value for metoprolol and O-desmethylmetoprolol and partially resolved the four stereoisomers of alpha-hydroxymetoprolol. Diastereomeric alpha-hydroxymetoprolols were resolved using the coupled column chromatographic system of two chiral stationary phases, Sumichiral OA-4900 column and Chiralcel OD column.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khalil S, Borham N. Indirect atomic absorption spectrometric determination of pindolol, propranolol and levamisole hydrochlorides based on formation of ion-associates with ammonium reineckate and sodium cobaltinitrite. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 22:235-40. [PMID: 10719905 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new simple, accurate, precise and sensitive indirect method for the determination of pindolol HCl (1), propranolol HCl (2) and levamisole HCl (3) using atomic absorption spectrometry has been developed. The method is based on precipitation of the ion-associates formed from the reaction of (1), (2) or (3) with ammonium reineckate and/or sodium cobaltinitrite. The solubility of the solid complexes at the optimum conditions of pH and ionic strength values have been studied. Saturated solutions of each ion-associate were prepared under the optimum conditions and the metal ion content in the supernatant was determined. The method has been used for the determination of 1.14-17.07, 1.18-17.75 and 1.08-16.24 microg/ml of (1), (2) and (3), respectively, using ammonium reineckate, and 1.71-25.60, 1.77-26.62 and 1.62-24.36 microg/ml of (1), (2) and (3), respectively, using sodium cobaltinitrite. The method developed was applied for analysis of bulk drugs and some of their pharmaceutical preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Khalil S, El-Rabiehi MM. Indirect atomic absorption spectrometric determination of pindolol, propranolol and levamisole hydrochlorides based on formation of ion associates with manganese thiocyanate and potassium ferricyanide. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 22:7-12. [PMID: 10727118 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new simple, accurate, precise and sensitive indirect method for the determination of pindolol HCl (1), propranolol HCl (2) and levamisole HCl (3) using atomic absorption spectrometry has been developed. The method is based on precipitation of the ion associates formed from the reaction of (1), (2) or (3) with manganese thiocyanate and/or potassium ferricyanide. The solubility of the solid complexes at the optimum conditions of pH and ionic strength values have been studied. Saturated solutions of each ion-associate were prepared under the optimum conditions and the metal ion content in the supernatant was determined. The method has been used for the determination of 1.14-17.07, 1.18-17.75 and 1.08-16.24 microg/ml of (1), (2) and (3), respectively using manganese thiocyanate and 1.71-25.60, 1.77-26.62 and 1.62-24.36 microg/ml of (1), (2) and (3), respectively using potassium ferricyanide. The method developed applied for analysis of bulk drugs and some of their pharmaceutical preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univeristy, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The chromatographic and electrophoretic enantiomeric separation and analysis of several clinically used cardiovascular drugs have been reviewed. Several examples of recently reported applications of enantioselective analysis and various cardiovascular agents are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bojarski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
AbstractAffinity chromatography is a type of liquid chromatography that makes use of biological-like interactions for the separation and specific analysis of sample components. This review describes the basic principles of affinity chromatography and examines its use in the testing of clinical samples, with an emphasis on HPLC-based methods. Some traditional applications of this approach include the use of boronate, lectin, protein A or protein G, and immunoaffinity supports for the direct quantification of solutes. Newer techniques that use antibody-based columns for on- or off-line sample extraction are examined in detail, as are methods that use affinity chromatography in combination with other analytical methods, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis. Indirect analyte detection methods are also described in which immunoaffinity chromatography is used to perform flow-based immunoassays. Other applications that are reviewed include affinity-based chiral separations and the use of affinity chromatography for the study of drug or hormone interactions with binding proteins. Some areas of possible future developments are then considered, such as tandem affinity methods and the use of synthetic dyes, immobilized metal ions, molecular imprints, or aptamers as affinity ligands for clinical analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, 738 Hamilton Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304. Fax 402-472-9402; e-mail
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pham-Huy C, Chikhi-Chorfi N, Galons H, Sadeg N, Laqueille X, Aymard N, Massicot F, Warnet JM, Claude JR. Enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography determination of methadone enantiomers and its major metabolite in human biological fluids using a new derivatized cyclodextrin-bonded phase. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 700:155-63. [PMID: 9390725 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of methadone (Mtd) enantiomers and its major metabolite, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), in human urine and serum by enantioselective HPLC using a new Cyclobond 1-2000 RSP column is described. After alkaline extraction from urine or serum with estazolam as an internal standard, Mtd enantiomers and its metabolite (EDDP) are separated on the previous column with reversed-mobile phase and detected at 210 nm. Peak resolutions are about 2.0 for Mtd enantiomers. The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of Mtd and EDDP standards are between 0.5 and 4.5%. Most drugs of abuse are shown not to interfere with this technique. The method has been applied to study the levels of each Mtd enantiomer and of its racemic metabolite in urine and serum of patients under maintenance treatment for opiate dependence. In urine, R-(-)-Mtd levels are always higher (about 2+/-0.5-fold) than those of S-(+)-Mtd and in most cases, metabolite concentrations are greater than those of global Mtd enantiomers. However, the R-(-) enantiomer levels of residual drug in serum of some patients were lower than those of its antipode. This method is suitable for pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies of Mtd enantiomers and its major metabolite in biological fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Pham-Huy
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris V, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bressolle F, Audran M, Pham TN, Vallon JJ. Cyclodextrins and enantiomeric separations of drugs by liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis: basic principles and new developments. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 687:303-36. [PMID: 9017455 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of individual drug enantiomers is required in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of drugs with a chiral centre. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are extensively used in high-performance liquid chromatography as stationary phases bonded to a solid support or as mobile phase additives in HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the separation of chiral compounds. We describe here the basis for the liquid chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic resolution of drug enantiomers and the factors affecting their enantiomeric separation. This review covers the use of CDs and some of their derivatives in studies of compounds of pharmacological interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Bressolle
- Laboratoire de Pharmacocinetique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier I, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
del Campo C, Llama E, Sinisterra J. Design, synthesis and evaluation of a chiral propranolol selector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(96)00337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|