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Boateng JS, Matthews KH, Auffret AD, Humphrey MJ, Eccleston GM, Stevens HN. Comparison of thein vitrorelease characteristics of mucosal freeze-dried wafers and solvent-cast films containing an insoluble drug. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:47-54. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.590496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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2
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Barakat NS, Radwan MA. In Vitro Performance of Carbamazepine Loaded to Various Molecular Weights of Poly (D, L-Lactide-Co-Glycolide). Drug Deliv 2008; 13:9-18. [PMID: 16401588 DOI: 10.1080/10717540500308992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the in vitro characteristics of carbamazepine-loaded microspheres. A solvent evaporation method was used to incorporate carbamazepine (CBZ) into poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with different molecular weights. The optimum conditions for CBZ-PLGA microspheres preparation were considered and the in vitro release of CBZ of PLGA microspheres were followed up to 24 hr in USP dissolution medium. The effect of using different ratios of PLGA microspheres, prepared with different molecular weights, for optimizing CBZ release also was investigated. CBZ encapsulation efficiency was 68 to 82% for all prepared formulations. Thermograms of CBZ-PLGA microspheres suggest that CBZ was totally entrapped with the PLGA polymer. The presence of Pluronic F-68 has improved the encapsulation of CBZ, resulted in better and smoother microspheres surfaces and enhanced its release pattern. CBZ release profiles were biphasic patterns; after an initial burst, a constant CBZ release rate was observed up to 24 hr. The release from these PLGA-based spherical matrices was consistent with the diffusion mechanism. CBZ dissolution T(50%) was significantly affected (> 3-fold) by increasing the lactide percent from 33.3 to 66.6% from different microspheres mixtures. The present study provides evidence that the encapsulation of CBZ to PLGA microspheres, either as a single polymer or mixture of two, was a successful attempt to control the release of CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla S Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Joan Taylor M, Taylor P. Overview: Biologicals & Immunologicals: Novel drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.4.9.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Preparation of sustained release co-extrudates by hot-melt extrusion and mathematical modelling of in vitro/in vivo drug release profiles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 33:282-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Development of a drug release methodology for carbamazepine CR tablets based on bioequivalence evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(08)50022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Quintavalle U, Voinovich D, Perissutti B, Serdoz F, Grassi M. Theoretical and experimental characterization of stearic acid-based sustained release devices obtained by hot melt co-extrusion. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(07)50082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Galal S, El Massik MA, Abdallah OY, Daabis NA. Study of In‐Vitro Release Characteristics of Carbamazepine Extended Release Semisolid Matrix Filled Capsules Based on Gelucires. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2004; 30:817-29. [PMID: 15521328 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-200030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Various extended release carbamazepine (CBZ) formulations have been developed previously, in order to reduce the frequency of dosing in chronic therapy and to decrease the variability in drug plasma concentration. In the present study, the suitability of different grades of Gelucires (G, glyceride based excipients) to formulate CBZ extended release capsules by the application of semisolid matrix (SSM) filling capsule technology was investigated. The possible modification of CBZ release kinetics by using Gelucire blends or inclusion of hydrophilic additives in the SSM was studied. The effect of ageing on some selected formulations was also evaluated, using scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis. Twenty-one capsule formulations were prepared and assessed for their release characteristics. The mechanism of drug release from the test formulations was studied. The following results were obtained: a) Release data could not be correlated to the melting point (mp) of Gelucires used, pointing to relative lipophilicity of the base as a more important determinant of drug release. Among Gelucire grades having melting points higher than 37 degrees C, the release rate proved to be highly dependent on the HLB value and matrix composition. b) CBZ release occurred by different mechanisms, including matrix disintegration, diffusion and or erosion depending on the vehicle employed. c) Zero order release profiles of CBZ were obtained from SSM-based on G50/13, G53/10 and their blends in ratios higher than 1:1 and G53/10 containing croscarmellose sodium. d) The ageing study revealed that these latter formulations, except those based on G50/13, also showed high dissolution stability during one year of shelf ageing. e) PVP, as a polymorphic transformation inhibitor, can be used to reduce the storage-induced changes of some grades of Gelucires. From the above data, it can be concluded that different grades of Gelucires and their blends as well as hydrophilic additives could be successfully used to formulate CBZ extended release SSM filled capsules with various release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Galal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Koester L, Dalla Costa T, Bassani V. Pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine from extended release dosage forms: bioavailability/bioequivalence and in vitro-in vivo correlation studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(04)50070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Perissutti B, Rubessa F, Moneghini M, Voinovich D. Formulation design of carbamazepine fast-release tablets prepared by melt granulation technique. Int J Pharm 2003; 256:53-63. [PMID: 12695011 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a new approach to prepare a fast-release dosage form for carbamazepine (CBZ), involving the use of melt granulation process in high shear mixer for the production of tablets. In particular, the granules containing CBZ were prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 as a melting binder and lactose monohydrate as a hydrophilic filler. The potential of the intragranular addition of crospovidone as a dissolution enhancer and a disintegrant agent was also evaluated. After the analysis of their solid state performed by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the granules were characterised from the technological and dissolution point of view. The subsequent step encompassed the preparation and the evaluation of the tablets, including the effect of the extragranular introduction of crospovidone. Besides the remarkable enhancement of drug dissolution rate of the granulates in comparison to physical mixtures and pure drug, no significant differences were found between the dissolution profiles of the granulates containing lactose or crospovidone. However, the difficult disintegration and bad dissolution performance of the tablets not containing intragranular crospovidone highlight the necessity of this disintegrant in the granulating mixture. Moreover, the extragranular addition of a small amount of crospovidone gave rise to a further amelioration of the disintegration and dissolution performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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Koester LS, Mayorga P, Pereira VP, Petzhold CL, Bassani VL. Carbamazepine/betaCD/HPMC solid dispersions. II. Physical characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2003; 29:145-54. [PMID: 12648011 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120016722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersions containing carbamazepine (CBZ) associated with beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) and/or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were prepared by two different methods, spray-drying or physical mixture, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and x-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD) studies. Scanning electron microscopy pictures showed that spray-drying produced a mixture of hollow, spherical, and partially shrunken microparticles of homogeneous materials, whereas the physical mixtures yielded heterogeneous systems in which all individual components could be identified. Thermal and IR analyses suggest the existence of a strong interaction between CBZ and excipients in spray-dried solid dispersions, but no CBZ polymorphic transition was detected by either IR spectroscopy or XRPD analysis after the spray-drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Koester LS, Mayorga P, Bassani VL. Carbamazepine/betaCD/HPMC solid dispersions. I. Influence of the spray-drying process and betaCD/HPMC on the drug dissolution profile. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2003; 29:139-44. [PMID: 12648010 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120016721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare carbamazepine (CBZ) solid dispersions prepared by spray-drying of aqueous dispersions with the corresponding physical mixtures. The influence of the association of beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the CBZ dissolution profile of the preparations was investigated. Results demonstrated that CBZ release from solid dispersions is dependent on the ratio of betaCD and HPMC. The spray-drying process confers better homogeneity to CBZ polymeric dispersions than the physical mixture process. In summary, we demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining a homogeneous polymeric solid dispersion of CBZ from an aqueous media by spray-drying and a clear influence of the betaCD:HPMC ratio on the release profile of CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia S Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Scalia S, Giunchedi P, Pazzi P, Conte U. Enhancement of ursodeoxycholic acid bioavailability by cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000; 52:383-8. [PMID: 10813547 DOI: 10.1211/0022357001774129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of ursodeoxycholic acid from a new formulation based on drug-loaded cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was studied in man. The plasma levels of ursodeoxycholic acid were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatization and sample purification by solid-phase extraction. Capsules containing the drug/polymer system were prepared and compared with conventional commercial ursodeoxycholic acid capsules after single oral administration using a randomized crossover experimental design. Although the drug/polymer system improved the in-vitro dissolution rate of ursodeoxycholic acid in simulated intestinal fluid, statistical evaluation of the area under the plasma concentration curves indicated no significant difference in the extent of bioavailability between the two formulations (14.93+/-4.43 vs 14.95+/-5.79 microM h; P > 0.2). However, following the administration of the ursodeoxycholic acid/cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose system with an enteric-coated capsule, the mean area under the plasma concentration curve (27.60+/-10.11 microM h) was significantly higher than that obtained after treatment with the commercially available ursodeoxycholic acid capsule (16.24+/-8-38 microM h; P < 0.05). We concluded that improved intestinal absorption of the drug was obtained with enteric-coated capsules filled with the ursodeoxycholic acid/polymer system. Moreover, the simplicity of the preparation and the non-toxicity of the polymer used as the carrier represented additional advantages of this dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scalia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Italy.
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Katzhendler I, Azoury R, Friedman M. Crystalline properties of carbamazepine in sustained release hydrophilic matrix tablets based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. J Control Release 1998; 54:69-85. [PMID: 9741905 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(98)00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the crystal habit properties of carbamazepine in sustained release matrix tablets and in aqueous solutions was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results suggest that HPMC inhibits the transformation of carbamazepine to carbamazepine dihydrate in the gel layer of hydrated tablets and in aqueous solutions (depending on HPMC concentration), participates in its crystallization process and induces amorphism of carbamazepine crystals. The mechanism which explains these effects envisages the polymer serving as a template or microsubstrate for nucleation in the crystallization process. We assume that the interaction between the drug and polymer occurs by hydrogen bonding. The hydroxyl groups of the polymer may attach to the drug at the site of water binding, and thus its transformation to the dihydrate form, is inhibited. A more specific interaction involves structural matching (similar bond spacing distances) between inter-atomic distances in the crystal lattice of carbamazepine dimer and intra-atomic distances along the polymer chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Katzhendler
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Giunchedi P, Scalia S, Maggi L, Conte U. Ursodeoxycholic acid: Improvement of dissolution behaviour and its HPLC determination. Int J Pharm 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(95)04249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Scalia S, Giunchedi P, Conte U, Pazzi P. Determination of thein vitro Dissolution Profiles of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Preparations by HPLC with On-Line Sample Handling. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19953280413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Giunchedi P, Maggi L, La Manna A, Conte U. Modification of the dissolution behaviour of a water-insoluble drug, naftazone, for zero-order release matrix preparation. J Pharm Pharmacol 1994; 46:476-80. [PMID: 7932042 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of hydrophilic matrix tablets able to release naftazone, a water-insoluble drug, into an aqueous medium at a constant rate (zero-order dissolution) is described. Enhancement of dissolution rate of the drug was achieved using cross-linked carmellose sodium, beta-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Hypromellose was used as a water-gelling polymer. Tablets could be prepared that released naftazone at a constant rate over 16 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giunchedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
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