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Rahamathulla M, Pokale R, Al-ebini Y, Osmani RAM, Thajudeen KY, Gundawar R, Ahmed MM, Farhana SA, Shivanandappa TB. Simvastatin-Encapsulated Topical Liposomal Gel for Augmented Wound Healing: Optimization Using the Box-Behnken Model, Evaluations, and In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:697. [PMID: 38931364 PMCID: PMC11206487 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins function beyond regulating cholesterol and, when administered systemically, can promote wound healing. However, studies have yet to explore the topical use of statins for wound healing. The present study demonstrated the topical administration of SIM and aimed to formulate, evaluate, and optimize Simvastatin (SIM)-encapsulated liposome gel carrier systems to facilitate successful topical wound healing. Liposomes containing SIM were formulated and optimized via a response surface methodology (RSM) using the thin-film hydration method. The effects of formulation variables, including the 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethylammoniumpropan (DOTAP) concentration, Span 80 concentration, and cholesterol concentration, on zeta potential (mV), entrapment efficacy (%), and particle size (nm) were studied. The optimized liposome formulation (F-07) exhibited a zeta potential value of 16.56 ± 2.51 mV, revealing robust stability and a high SIM encapsulation efficiency of 95.6 ± 4.2%, whereas its particle size of 190.3 ± 3.3 nm confirmed its stability and structural integrity. The optimized liposome gel demonstrated pseudoplastic flow behavior. This property is advantageous in topical drug delivery systems because of its ease of application, improved spreadability, and enhanced penetration, demonstrating prolonged SIM release. The assessment of the wound healing efficacy of the optimized liposomal gel formulation demonstrated a substantial decrease in wound size in mice on the sixteenth day post-wounding. These findings suggest that the use of liposomal gels is a potential drug delivery strategy for incorporating SIM, thereby augmenting its effectiveness in promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rahul Pokale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Yousef Al-ebini
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
- Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Riyaz Ali M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kamal Y. Thajudeen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ravi Gundawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India;
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syeda Ayesha Farhana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
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2
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Development and optimization of ofloxacin as solid lipid nanoparticles for enhancement of its ocular activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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3
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Hybrid Pectin-Liposome Formulation against Multi-Resistant Bacterial Strains. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080769. [PMID: 32823823 PMCID: PMC7465986 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the development of a gastroresistant antimicrobial formulation composed of two carriers, pectin and liposomes, intended to improve the efficiency of norfloxacin (NOR) against multi-resistant bacterial strains. The formulations showed physicochemical stability for 180 days (4 °C) in terms of size, polydispersity, and zeta potential of the vesicles, prolonging the in vitro release of NOR for 11 h. The hybrid nanocarriers improved the in vitro antimicrobial activity against different multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, such as Salmonella sp., Pseudomonasaeruginosa, E. coli and Campylobacterjejuni, in comparison to commercial NOR and liposomal suspensions. The in vivo toxicity assay in chicken embryos revealed that the hybrid systems were not toxic in any of the different parameters analyzed, a result also corroborated by the analyses of biochemical biomarkers of the chicken-embryos liver function.
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4
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Design, optimization and characterization of novel topical formulations containing Triamcinolone Acetonide. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lakshminarayanan R, Ye E, Young DJ, Li Z, Loh XJ. Recent Advances in the Development of Antimicrobial Nanoparticles for Combating Resistant Pathogens. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701400. [PMID: 29717819 PMCID: PMC7161883 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid growth of harmful pathogens and their multidrug-resistance poses a severe challenge for health professionals and for the development of new healthcare products. Various strategies are exploited for the development of effective antimicrobial agents, and nanoparticles are a particularly promising class of materials in this respect. This review summarizes recent advances in antimicrobial metallic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. The latter materials in particular are engineered for antimicrobial agent delivery and act by encapsulation, receptor-based binding, and disruption of microbial adherence to cellular substrates. Potential strategies for the design of multifunctional antimicrobial nanocarriers, combining material chemistry and biological interface science, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA * STAR (Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
| | - David James Young
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA * STAR (Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydore DCQueensland4558Australia
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA * STAR (Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute11 Third Hospital AvenueSingapore168751Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA * STAR (Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08‐03Singapore138634Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117576Singapore
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6
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Attar A, Bakir C, Yuce-Dursun B, Demir S, Cakmakci E, Danis O, Birbir M, Ogan A. Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of isoniazid and rifampicin-loaded archaeosomes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:153-161. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azade Attar
- Department of Bioengineering; Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ceren Bakir
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Basak Yuce-Dursun
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Serap Demir
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Emrah Cakmakci
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ozkan Danis
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Meral Birbir
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ayse Ogan
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
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Paolino D, Accolla ML, Cilurzo F, Cristiano MC, Cosco D, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG, Fresta M, Celia C. Interaction between PEG lipid and DSPE/DSPC phospholipids: An insight of PEGylation degree and kinetics of de-PEGylation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 155:266-275. [PMID: 28460301 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The degree to which liposomes are PEGylated is the feature, which most influences the length of the presence of stealth liposomes in the bloodstream. In order to thoroughly investigate the maximum amount of DSPE-PEG2000 that can be used to stabilize stealth liposomes, these were synthesized at different concentrations of DSPE-PEG2000 and their physicochemical properties were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The kinetics of PEGylation and de-PEGylation were performed by incubating non-stealth liposomes in a DSPE-PEG2000 suspension at different incubation times, and then analyzing the data using DSC and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The results demonstrated that DSPE-PEG2000 was self-assembled in the phospholipid bilayers, thus forming stealth liposomes. The different amounts of DSPE-PEG2000 in the bilayer triggered a de-PEGylation phenomenon, resulting in mixed nanoaggregates, which derived from the detergent-like properties of the PEGylated phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, I - 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; IRC-FSH-Interregional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, I- 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Maria Lorena Accolla
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, I - 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I - 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Felisa Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, I - 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, I - 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Donato Cosco
- IRC-FSH-Interregional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, I- 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, I - 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I - 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Sarpietro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I - 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- IRC-FSH-Interregional Research Center for Food Safety & Health, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, I- 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Building of BioSciences, V.le Europa, I - 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, I - 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Pignatello R, Simerska P, Leonardi A, Abdelrahim AS, Petronio GP, Fuochi V, Furneri PM, Ruozi B, Toth I. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation of amphiphilic ion pairs of erythromycin and kanamycin antibiotics with liposaccharides. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:329-37. [PMID: 27236014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophilic ion paring strategy (HIP) is a method explored to improve the cell/tissue uptake of poorly adsorbed drugs and to optimize their physico-chemical characteristics. In this context, we here describe the synthesis of some ion pairs of two model cationic antibiotics, erythromycin (ERY) and kanamycin A (KAN), with liposaccharides having different levels of lipophilicity and charge. The formation of drug-liposaccharide complexes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The effect of the amphiphilic liposaccharide moieties on the antimicrobial activity of ERY and KAN was assessed by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds against a panel of bacterial strains that were susceptible or resistant to the parent antibiotics. The ion pairing did not depress the in vitro antibiotic activity, although no lowering of MIC values was registered. The experimental findings would motivate the future investigation of this ion pairing strategy in drug design, for instance allowing improvement of the encapsulation efficiency of hydrophilic antibiotics in lipid-based nanocarriers, or changing their in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pignatello
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; NANO-i - Research Centre on Ocular Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Pavla Simerska
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Adel S Abdelrahim
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | - Virginia Fuochi
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - BIOMETEC, University of Catania, via Androne, 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Pio Maria Furneri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences - BIOMETEC, University of Catania, via Androne, 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanomedicine Group, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Istvan Toth
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; The Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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9
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Pignatello R, Leonardi A, Petronio GP, Ruozi B, Puglisi G, Furneri PM. Preparation and Microbiological Evaluation of Amphiphilic Kanamycin-Lipoamino Acid Ion-Pairs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2014; 3:216-32. [PMID: 27025745 PMCID: PMC4790386 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics3020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic ion-pairs of kanamycin (KAN) were prepared by evaporation of a water-ethanol co-solution of KAN base and a lipoamino acid bearing a 12-carbon atoms alkyl side chain (LAA12), at different molar ratios. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the structure of ion-pairs, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) studies supported the formation of new saline species with a different crystalline structure than the starting components. The solubility pattern shown in a range of both aqueous and organic solvents confirmed that the ion-pairs possess an amphiphilic character. The LAA12 counter-ion showed not to improve the antibacterial activity of KAN, suggesting that such chemical strategy is not able to favor the penetration of this drug inside the bacteria cells. Nevertheless, a slight improving, i.e., a one-fold dilution, was observed in E. coli. The present study can also serve as the basis for a further evaluation of LAA ion-pairing of antibiotics, as a means to improve the loading of hydrophilic drugs into lipid-based nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Città Universitaria, viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
- NANO-i, Research Centre for Ocular Nanotechnology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Città Universitaria, viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 83, I-95124 Catania, Italy.
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana 235, I-00163 Roma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Te.Far.T.I. group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Città Universitaria, viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
- NANO-i, Research Centre for Ocular Nanotechnology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Pio Maria Furneri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 83, I-95124 Catania, Italy.
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Pignatello R, Mangiafico A, Ruozi B, Puglisi G, Furneri PM. Amphiphilic erythromycin-lipoamino acid ion pairs: characterization and in vitro microbiological evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:468-75. [PMID: 21479751 PMCID: PMC3134655 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic ion pairs of erythromycin (ERY) with lipoamino acids (LAAs) were produced. The ion pairs were prepared by evaporation of a water/ethanol co-solution of the drug and LAA bearing an alkyl side chain of 10-16 carbon atoms. For the sake of comparison, equimolar physical mixtures were prepared by triturating ERY and the LAA in the absence of any solvent. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of ion pairs, while differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry were used to assess the formation of new saline species. The solubility pattern of the coevaporates in different aqueous and organic solvents confirmed their amphiphilic properties. ERY-LAA ion pairs were submitted to an in vitro microbiological assay against different bacterial strains, both susceptible and resistant to macrolides. The presence of the LAA moiety was shown not altering the antibacterial spectrum of activity of the drug. These results can be the basis for a further evaluation of ERY-LAA ion pairs as a mean to improve the penetration of the drug inside bacterial cells and to optimize the loading of ERY in lipid-based nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pignatello
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Città Universitaria, Italy.
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11
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Villasmil-Sánchez S, Drhimeur W, Ospino SCS, Rabasco Alvarez AM, González-Rodríguez M. Positively and negatively charged liposomes as carriers for transdermal delivery of sumatriptan: in vitro characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:666-75. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903419640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Hosny KM. Preparation and evaluation of thermosensitive liposomal hydrogel for enhanced transcorneal permeation of ofloxacin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1336-42. [PMID: 19902361 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ofloxacin, available as ophthalmic solution, has two major problems: first, it needs frequent administration every 4 hours or even every 1 hour to treat severe eye infection; second, there is formation of white crystalline deposit on cornea due to its pH-dependent solubility, which is very low at pH of corneal fluid. In order to provide a solution to previous problems, ofloxacin in this study is prepared as topically effective in situ thermosensitive prolonged release liposomal hydrogel. Two preparation procedures were carried out, leading to the formation of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) and reverse-phase evaporation vesicles (REVs) at pH 7.4. Effects of method of preparation, lipid content, and charge inducers on encapsulation efficiency were studied. For the preparation of in situ thermosensitive hydrogel, chitosan/beta-glycerophosphate system was synthesized and used as carrier for ofloxacin liposomes. The effect of addition of liposomes on gelation temperature, gelation time, and rheological behaviors of the hydrogel were evaluated. In vitro transcorneal permeation was also determined. MLVs entrapped greater amount of ofloxacin than REVs liposomes at pH 7.4; drug loading was increased by including charge-inducing agent and by increasing cholesterol content until a certain limit. The gelation time was decreased by the addition of liposomes into the hydrogel. The prepared liposomal hydrogel enhances the transcorneal permeation sevenfold more than the aqueous solution. These results suggested that the in situ thermosensitive ofloxacin liposomal hydrogel ensures steady and prolonged transcorneal permeation, which improves the ocular bioavailability, minimizes the need for frequent administration, and decreases the ocular side effect of ofloxacin.
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Babu S, Fan C, Stepanskiy L, Uitto J, Papazoglou E. Effect of size at the nanoscale and bilayer rigidity on skin diffusion of liposomes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:140-8. [PMID: 18770522 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the effect of liposome particle size at the nanoscale and bilayer deformability on the permeation through MatTek human skin equivalents and provides a comparative quantitative measure through calculation of diffusion coefficients. Exploring DOPC and DPPC fluorescent liposomes, our results demonstrate the faster diffusion of 50 nm liposomes compared with 100 and 200 nm liposomes when the lipid bilayer remains the same. Diffusion kinetics of the 50 nm particles appear not to depend on the rigidity of the lipid layer, whereas diffusion of particles larger than 100 nm is significantly affected by the rigidity of the bilayer, and DOPC liposomes diffuse faster than their DDPC equivalents. Our results suggest that liposomes composed of a rigid bilayer can be expected to remain intact after passing through the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar Babu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Mehanna MM, Elmaradny HA, Samaha MW. Ciprofloxacin liposomes as vesicular reservoirs for ocular delivery: formulation, optimization, and in vitro characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:583-93. [PMID: 19031311 DOI: 10.1080/03639040802468024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Management of extraocular diseases is mainly limited by the inability to provide long-term drug delivery without avoiding the systemic drug exposure and/or affecting the intraocular structures and poor availability of drugs, which may be overcome by prolonging the contact time with the ocular system, for instance with liposomes. Development and optimization of reverse phase evaporation ciprofloxacin (CPF) HCl liposomes for ocular drug delivery was carried out using a 2(5) full factorial design based on five independent variables. The effects of the studied parameters on drug entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size, and percentage of drug released after 1 and 10 h were investigated. The results obtained pointed out that the molar concentration of cholesterol was the predominant factor that increased the EE% of the drug and the particle size responses. The percentage of drug released after 1 h was significantly controlled by the initial CPF concentration while that after 10 h was controlled by molar cholesterol concentration. The designed liposomes had average particle sizes that ranged from 2.5 to 7.23 microm. In addition, liposomes revealed a fast release during the first hour followed by a more gradual drug release during the 24-h period according to Higuchi diffusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Mehanna
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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15
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Zhang X, Sun P, Bi R, Wang J, Zhang N, Huang G. Targeted delivery of levofloxacin-liposomes for the treatment of pulmonary inflammation. J Drug Target 2009; 17:399-407. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860902795407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that seem to reach their intracellular target site (DNA gyrase) in Escherichia coli by means of an uptake process through the outer and inner membranes. Delivery of quinolones with liposomes has many advantages than the free form of the drug. Liposomes may represent an excellent device for improving the selective transport of antibiotics in these respects. In this study, enrofloxacin-loaded multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) were prepared and the effects of formulation variables on the liposome characteristics were investigated. Liposomes were prepared by using the dry lipid film method. A number of variables, such as phospholipid (DL-alpha -phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl), cholesterol, enrofloxacin (ENF), stearylamine, and dicetyl phosphate molar ratios and alpha -tocopherol amounts, were studied. The liposome size, encapsulation capacity, drug release, stability, and electrophoretic mobility of ENF-loaded liposomes were determined. Using this method, spherical MLVs with high drug content could be produced. Particle size of liposomes changed between 1.63 and 3.31 micro m and liposome size was affected by all formulation variables (p < 0.05) except molar ratio of ENF. MLVs can be used as a carrier system for the controlled release of ENF. The highest encapsulation of ENF amount can be obtained using positively charged SA in the formulation and changing the formulation parameters can vary drug release patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Demir Sezer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Drulis-Kawa Z, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, Gubernator J, Gula G, Bocer T, Doroszkiewicz W. The interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and cationic PC:Chol:DOTAP liposomal vesicles versus outer-membrane structure and envelope properties of bacterial cell. Int J Pharm 2008; 367:211-9. [PMID: 18952159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between cationic liposomal formulations (PC:Chol:DOTAP 3:4:3) and 23 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were tested. The study was undertaken because different antimicrobial results had been obtained by the authors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and liposomal antibiotics (Drulis-Kawa, Z., Gubernator, J., Dorotkiewicz-Jach, A., Doroszkiewicz, W., Kozubek, A., 2006. The comparison of in vitro antimicrobial activity of liposomes containing meropenem and gentamicin. Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett., 11, 360-375; Drulis-Kawa, Z., Gubernator, J., Dorotkiewicz-Jach, A., Doroszkiewicz W., Kozubek, A., 2006. In vitro antimicrobial activity of liposomal meropenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Int. J. Pharm., 315, 59-66). The experiments evaluate the roles of the bacterial outer-membrane structure, especially outer-membrane proteins and LPS, and envelope properties (hydrophobicity and electrostatic potential) in the interactions/fusion process between cells and lipid vesicles. The interactions were examined by fluorescent microscopy using PE-rhodamine-labelled liposomes. Some of the strains exhibited red-light emission (fusion with vesicles or vesicles surrounding the cell) and some showed negative reaction (no red-light emission). The main aim of the study was to determine what kinds of bacterial structure or envelope properties have a major influence on the fusion process. Negatively charged cells and hydrophobic properties promote interaction with cationic lipid vesicles, but no specific correlation was noted for the tested strains. A similar situation concerned LPS structure, where parent strains and their mutants possessing identical ladder-like band patterns in SDS-PAGE analysis exhibited totally different results with fluorescent microscopy. Outer-membrane protein analysis showed that an 18-kDA protein occurred in the isolates showing fusion with rhodamine-labelled vesicles and, conversely, strains lacking the 18-kDA protein exhibited no positive reaction (red emission). This suggests that even one protein may be responsible for favouring stronger interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and cationic liposomal formulations (PC:Chol:DOTAP 3:4:3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
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18
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Jia Y, Joly H, Omri A. Liposomes as a carrier for gentamicin delivery: Development and evaluation of the physicochemical properties. Int J Pharm 2008; 359:254-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Drulis-Kawa Z, Gubernator J, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, Doroszkiewicz W, Kozubek A. A comparison of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of liposomes containing meropenem and gentamicin. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2007; 11:360-75. [PMID: 16847556 PMCID: PMC6472838 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-006-0030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of eight cationic, two neutral and three anionic liposome compositions containing meropenem and gentamicin was tested in vitro in broth and serum medium. The cationic formulations showed better antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than the anionic and neutral ones, regardless of the encapsulated drug. The most effective formulations were the cationic PC/DOPE/DOTAP 3:4:3 and PC/Chol/DOTAP 3:4:3, as the MICs with meropenem were 2 to 4 times lower than those of the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wrocław, Poland.
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20
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Drulis-Kawa Z, Gubernator J, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, Doroszkiewicz W, Kozubek A. In vitro antimicrobial activity of liposomal meropenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Int J Pharm 2006; 315:59-66. [PMID: 16551496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Twelve lipid formulations of liposomal meropenem were tested on six drug-susceptible and two drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to determine their antibacterial activity. Cationic liposomes, especially PC/DOPE/SA 4:4:2 and PC/DOTAP/Chol 5:2:3, were more effective than anionic ones against sensitive isolates as the MICs of those formulations were two to four times lower than those of the free drug. None of the studied liposomal forms of meropenem exhibited bactericidal activity against isolates, which are drug-resistant due to low permeability. Even Fluidosomes (liposomes made of DPPC/DMPG 18:1), which demonstrated fusion with P. aeruginosa membranes, showed 4-16 times higher MICs for sensitive and resistant strains than did the free meropenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
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21
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Hădărugă NG, Hădărugă DI, Păunescu V, Tatu C, Ordodi VL, Bandur G, Lupea AX. Thermal stability of the linoleic acid/α- and β-cyclodextrin complexes. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Zalloum NL, Biloti DN, Pessine FBT. Spectrofluorimetry and chemometrics for investigation of norfloxacin distribution in multilamellar liposomes. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 59:1032-6. [PMID: 16105212 DOI: 10.1366/0003702054615179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NFX), a fluoroquinolone, was encapsulated in multilamellar liposomes (MLV) of soy-bean phosphatidylcholine at pH 7.0. The observed affinity of this class of drugs for hydrophobic environments, such as phospholipid bilayers, could lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of uptake in bacteria. The fluorescent properties of NFX were examined both free in solution and in MLV, using anisotropy and fluorescence quenching measurements. The latter data was treated with a chemometric method to deconvolute the overlapped spectra of zwitterionic and neutral species of NFX in equilibrium at this pH. The results show that NFX incorporates into the lipidic bilayers with two different distributions of species: the zwitterionic form in the lipid/aqueous interface, and the neutral one, more towards the center of the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Zalloum
- Instituto de Química, UNICAMP, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
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23
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Gürsoy A, Kut E, Ozkirimli S. Co-encapsulation of isoniazid and rifampicin in liposomes and characterization of liposomes by derivative spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2004; 271:115-23. [PMID: 15129978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taking into consideration the benefits of the combined therapy of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), this study focused on co-encapsulation of INH and RIF in the same liposome formulation. INH was incorporated in the aqueous phase and RIF in the lipid layer. Liposomes containing either INH or RIF were also prepared. All liposome formulations were compared for their loading capacity, encapsulation percentage and release properties. Drug amounts in the liposomes were estimated using peak-to-peak first-order derivative UV spectroscopy. Among the liposome formulations DPPC:chol liposomes showed the highest loading capacity (106.70 +/- 0.12 for INH and 18.17 +/- 0.06 (x 10(-3)) for RIF) and encapsulation percentage (73.84 +/- 0.78 for INH and 81.53 +/- 2.06 for RIF) compared to EPC:chol liposomes (loading capacity 93.36 +/- 0.58 for INH and 17.87 +/- 0.11 (x 10(-3)) for RIF; encapsulation percentage 64.61 +/- 0.51 for INH and 74.45 +/- 0.48 for RIF). Co-encapsulation of INH and RIF increased their individual encapsulation percentage and extended drug release compared to the formulations containing drug alone (Table 2). Results of this study support the conclusion that lipid and water soluble drugs can be successfully co-encapsulated in the same liposome formulation and also show that derivative UV spectroscopy is a sensitive method for direct and accurate quantification of these co-encapsulated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Gürsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668 Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Sezer AD, Baş AL, Akbuğa J. Encapsulation of Enrofloxacin in Liposomes I: Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of LUV. J Liposome Res 2004; 14:77-86. [PMID: 15461934 DOI: 10.1081/lpr-120039717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are effectively used in the treatment of microbial infections. Higher cellular uptake has been reported when antibiotics are encapsulated in liposomes. In this study, enrofloxacin (ENF) was encapsulated in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and the effects of formulation variables on the liposome characteristics were investigated. Liposomes were prepared using dry lipid film method. A number of variables such as molar ratios of phospholipid (DPPC; DL-alpha-phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl), cholesterol, ENF and amount of alpha-tocopherol and the volumes of internal (chloroform) and external phases [phosphate buffered saline PBS (pH 7.4)] were studied. In vitro characterization of the liposomes including the encapsulation capacity, size and drug release properties were carried out. Using of this method, spherical LUV liposomes with high drug content could be produced. Particle size of liposomes changed between 3.12 and 4.95 microm. The molar ratios of DPPC, cholesterol and ENF affected the size of the liposome (p < 0.05). The drug encapsulation capacities were high and changed between 37.1% and 79.5%. The highest ENF encapsulation was obtained with the highest cholesterol content. An increase in the drug encapsulation capacity of the liposome was found with increasing molar ratios of DPPC, cholesterol and ENF (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the release of ENF from the liposomes decreased as the molar ratios of DPPC, cholesterol and ENF increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a convenient colloidal carrier for the controlled release of ENF can be prepared by changing the formulation parameters of LUVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Demir Sezer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Furneri PM, Fresta M, Puglisi G, Tempera G. Ofloxacin-loaded liposomes: in vitro activity and drug accumulation in bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:2458-64. [PMID: 10952595 PMCID: PMC90085 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.9.2458-2464.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different ofloxacin-loaded unilamellar vesicles were prepared by the extrusion technique, and their antimicrobial activities were determined in comparison to those of the free drug by means of MIC determinations with both American Type Culture Collection standards and wild-type bacterial strains (six strains of Enterococcus faecalis, seven strains of Escherichia coli, six strains of Staphylococcus aureus, and six strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The accumulation of ofloxacin and liposome-ofloxacin was measured by determining the amount of the drug inside the bacteria as a function of time. Encapsulated fluoroquinolone yielded MICs which were at least twofold lower than those obtained with the free drug. In particular, liposomes made up of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-dipalmitoylphosphatidylser ine and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-dihexadecylphosphate (4:3:4 molar ratio) provided the best improvement in antimicrobial activity against the various bacterial strains investigated. The liposome formulation produced higher intracellular fluoroquinolone concentrations than those achieved simultaneously with the free drug in both E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Furneri
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
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26
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Antimicrobial Nonapeptide Leucinostatin A-Dependent Effects on the Physical Properties of Phospholipid Model Membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Trafny EA, Antos-Bielska M, Grzybowski J. Antibacterial activity of liposome-encapsulated antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa attached to the matrix of human dermis. J Microencapsul 1999; 16:419-29. [PMID: 10420328 DOI: 10.1080/026520499288889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present studies were undertaken to compare the antibacterial activity of liposome vesicles containing amikacin, ciprofloxacin or polymyxin B in the removal of P. aeruginosa organisms from microcolonies growing on sections of the matrix of human dermis. Encapsulation efficiency of antimicrobials inside cationic liposomes was 30% for amikacin, 50% for ciprofloxacin, and 100% for polymyxin B. The sections of dermis were colonized for 72 h with P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn wounds. After that time, an intense growth of microorganisms on the dermis surface was observed. The sessile organisms were treated (with mild shaking) with solutions of either liposomal or free amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and polymyxin B for 1 h, and also with a mixture of liposomal or free ciprofloxacin and polymyxin B (1:1) for 20 min. After treatment with liposomal antimicrobials, the mean per cent of viable cells attached to the dermis was 48.7% for liposomal amikacin, 17.4% for liposomal ciprofloxacin, 19.1% for liposomal polymyxin B, and 3.6% for a mixture of liposomal ciprofloxacin and liposomal polymyxin B. Removal of P. aeruginosa from microcolonies growing on the dermal matrix was more effective when liposomal formulations were used compared to the free antibiotics. Therefore, cleansing of the contaminated matrix of human dermis with liposomal ciprofloxacin, liposomal polymyxin B or with the mixture of both liposomal antibiotics seems to increase the efficacy at the removal of attached bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Trafny
- Department of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Fresta M, Panico AM, Bucolo C, Giannavola C, Puglisi G. Characterization and in-vivo ocular absorption of liposome-encapsulated acyclovir. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51:565-76. [PMID: 10411216 DOI: 10.1211/0022357991772664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The potential of liposomes as an in-vivo ophthalmic drug delivery system for acyclovir was investigated. The drug-membrane interaction was evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry analysis. These experiments showed that acyclovir is able to interact with both positively and negatively charged membranes via electrostatic or hydrogen bonds. No interaction was observed with neutral membranes made up of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Different liposome preparation procedures were carried out to encapsulate acyclovir. The drug encapsulation mainly depends on the amount of water which the liposome system is able to entrap. In the case of multilamellar vesicles, charged systems showed the highest encapsulation efficiency. No particular difference in the encapsulation efficiency was observed for oligolamellar vesicles prepared with the reverse-phase evaporation technique. Oligolamellar liposomes showed the highest acyclovir encapsulation parameters and had release profiles similar to those of multilamellar liposomes. In-vivo experiments using male New Zealand albino rabbits were carried out to evaluate the aqueous humour concentration of acyclovir bioavailability. The most suitable ophthalmic drug delivery system was oligolamellar systems made up of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-dimethyldioctadecyl glycerole bromide (7:4:1 molar ratio), which presented the highest encapsulation capacity and were able to deliver greater amounts of the drug into the aqueous humour than a saline acyclovir solution or a physical liposome/drug blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fresta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
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31
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Lin HH, Ko SM, Hsu LR, Tsai YH. The preparation of norfloxacin-loaded liposomes and their in-vitro evaluation in pig's eye. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48:801-5. [PMID: 8887728 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of norfloxacin as an antibacterial agent in ophthalmology is limited by poor drug delivery and limited ocular bioavailability. Liposomes containing norfloxacin have been prepared from different phospholipids using a novel technique with an encapsulation efficiency sixteen times greater than that of a conventional film method. The in-vitro release of the norfloxacin and the transcorneal characteristics of the liposomes have been evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the interaction occurring between liposomes and cornea. The release of liposome-entrapped norfloxacin was affected by the pH of the environment. In the in-vitro corneal perfusion studies, norfloxacin-loaded liposome was transferred through the cornea at a slower rate than was the free drug. Norfloxacin-loaded liposomes were accumulated primarily in the cornea. The drug corneal retention of the lipids increased in the order dimyristoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine < dipalmitoyl-L-alpha -phosphatidylcholine < distearoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine. In the corneal drug-elimination study, liposomal norfloxacin increased the loading of the drug in cornea; the maximum value of the loading occurred 5 h after dosing. The drainage of liposomes from the cornea was somewhat slower than the solution form. Accumulation of norfloxacin in the cornea was greater for the liposome-entrapped drug. The results suggest that norfloxacin-loaded liposomes are absorbed by the cornea via endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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32
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Fresta M, Puglisi G. Application of liposomes as potential cutaneous drug delivery systems. In vitro and in vivo investigation with radioactively labelled vesicles. J Drug Target 1996; 4:95-101. [PMID: 8894969 DOI: 10.3109/10611869609046267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The potential application of liposomes as dermal delivery systems was investigated, with regard to vesicle composition and size. Liposomes were made up of phospholipids or skin lipids, referred to as phospholipid-based liposomes and stratum corneum lipid-based liposomes, respectively. A stripping procedure from stratum corneum to dermis by means of adhesive tape was carried out to evaluate the extent of accumulation in the superficial layers of the skin. The various liposomes were radiolabelled both in the bilayer structures with [3H]cholesterol, [14C]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and [14C]palmitic acid, depending on vesicle type, and in the aqueous compartments with [14C]inulin. Inulin absorption and elimination was also evaluated. Stratum corneum lipid-based liposomes could permeate the stratum corneum to a greater extent than phospholipid-based liposomes. Stratum corneum lipid-based liposomes could deliver a greater amount of aqueous radiolabelled marker ([14C]inulin) to the deeper skin strata (epidermis and dermis), while avoiding systemic absorption and, hence, organ distribution and renal elimination of [14C]inulin. Another important parameter in determining the extent of absorption is the vesicle size: the greater the mean size of liposomes, the poorer the permeation through stratum corneum layers. When fluid liposomes made up of unsaturated lecithins were used, a percutaneous absorption was obtained instead of dermal delivery. Stratum corneum lipid-based unilamellar liposomes may be suitable devices for dermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fresta
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Catania, Italy
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33
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 1995. [DOI: 10.3109/02652049509006798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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