1
|
Mohan T, Kleinschek KS, Kargl R. Polysaccharide peptide conjugates: Chemistry, properties and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 280:118875. [PMID: 35027118 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The intention of this publication is to give an overview on research related to conjugates of polysaccharides and peptides. Dextran, chitosan, and alginate were selected, to cover four of the most often encountered functional groups known to be present in polysaccharides. These groups are the hydroxyl, the amine, the carboxyl, and the acetal functionality. A collection of the commonly used chemical reactions for conjugation is provided. Conjugation results into distinct properties compared to the parent polysaccharide, and a number of these characteristics are highlighted. This review aims at demonstrating the applicability of said conjugates with a strong emphasis on biomedical applications, drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Some suggestions are made for more rigorous chemistries and analytics that could be investigated. Finally, an outlook is given into which direction the field could be developed further. We hope that this survey provides the reader with a comprehensive summary and contributes to the progress of works that aim at synthetically combining two of the main building blocks of life into supramolecular structures with unprecedented biological response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems (IBIOSYS), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems (IBIOSYS), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems (IBIOSYS), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute for Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gutierrez L, Lechuga T, Marcos X, García-Guzmán P, Gutrierrez C, Sumano H. Comparative bioavailability of enrofloxacin in dogs when concealed in noncommercial morsels, either as tablet or as enrofloxacin-alginate dried beads. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:522-532. [PMID: 33112449 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Administration of enrofloxacin tablets concealed in improvised morsels to elude the unpleasant flavor of this drug is likely to diminish maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax ) reached by this drug, jeopardizing treatment efficacy. To avoid this, the hypothesis that alginate dried beads containing enrofloxacin (ADBE) could modify the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in dogs was tested. ADBE were manufactured and pharmaceutically defined as having high entrapment efficiency (>90%) and a drug loading capacity of 56%-67%. Based on the hydrophilic nature of alginate and its interaction with the anionic charge of the amino groups of enrofloxacin, a novel modified release system was obtained in which ADBE give place to both a rapid diffusion releasing of enrofloxacin and a maintained release. The ADBE concealed in a sausage (ADBEs) achieved both the highest Cmax (5.1 µg/ml ± 0.3 SD) and the area under the concentration versus time (AUC0-24 ) (41.2 µg hr-1 ml-1 ± 6.9 SD). The tablet administered alone had a Cmax of 1.9 µg/ml ± 0.3 SD and an AUC0-24 = 16.5 µg h-1 ml-1 ± 3.5 SD, while the tablet concealed in a sausage reached a Cmax of 1.2 µg/ml ± 0.3 SD with an AUC0-24 = 12.3 µg hr-1 ml-1 ± 3.8 SD (p < .05 in both cases when confronting ADBEs vs. tablets). Consequently, Cmax /MIC and AUC0-24 /MIC ratios are higher for ADBEs. Other PK parameters were statistically indistinguishable, and other morsels containing enrofloxacin as a tablet or as ADBE rendered less favorable PK parameters. Due to ease of administration and favorable PK for ADBE concealed in a sausage, this pharmaceutical design can be regarded as PK/PD consistent and worthy of clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Gutierrez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Lechuga
- Department of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xelhua Marcos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Perla García-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Gutrierrez
- Department of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Sumano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh N, Romero M, Travanut A, Monteiro PF, Jordana-Lluch E, Hardie KR, Williams P, Alexander MR, Alexander C. Dual bioresponsive antibiotic and quorum sensing inhibitor combination nanoparticles for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in vitro and ex vivo. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:4099-4111. [PMID: 31355397 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00773c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many debilitating infections result from persistent microbial biofilms that do not respond to conventional antibiotic regimens. A potential method to treat such chronic infections is to combine agents which interfere with bacterial biofilm development together with an antibiotic in a single formulation. Here, we explore the use of a new bioresponsive polymer formulation derived from specifically modified alginate nanoparticles (NPs) in order to deliver ciprofloxacin (CIP) in combination with the quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) 3-amino-7-chloro-2-nonylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (ACNQ) to mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The alginate NPs were engineered to incorporate a pH-responsive linker between the polysaccharide backbone and the QSI, and to encapsulate CIP via charge-charge interactions of the positively-charged drug with the carboxyl residues of the alginate matrix. In this way, a dual-action release of antibiotic and QSI was designed for the low-pH regions of a biofilm, involving cleavage of the QSI-linker to the alginate matrix and reduced charge-charge interactions between CIP and the polysaccharide as the alginate carboxyl side-chains protonated. When tested in a biofilm model the concomitant release of CIP + QSI from the pH-responsive nanoparticles significantly reduced the viability of the biofilm compared with CIP treatment alone. In addition, the alginate NPs were shown to penetrate deeply into P. aeruginosa biofilms, which we attribute in part to the charges of the NPs and the release of the QSI agent. Finally, we tested the formulation in both a 2D keratinocyte and a 3D ex vivo skin infection model. The dual-action bio-responsive QSI and CIP release nanoparticles effectively cleared the infection in the latter, suggesting considerable promise for combination therapeutics which prevent biofilm formation as well as effectively killing mature P. aeruginosa biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maan GK, Bajpai J, Bajpai AK. Investigation of In Vitro Release of Cisplatin from Electrostatically Crosslinked Chitosan-Alginate Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2015.1137012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurvindar Kaur Maan
- Bose Memorial Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government Autonomous Science College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Jaya Bajpai
- Bose Memorial Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government Autonomous Science College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Anil K. Bajpai
- Bose Memorial Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government Autonomous Science College, Jabalpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fawzy A. Oxidation of alginate and pectate biopolymers by cerium(IV) in perchloric and sulfuric acid solutions: A comparative kinetic and mechanistic study. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 138:356-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Yang X, Guo L, Fan Y, Zhang X. Preparation and characterization of macromolecule cross-linked collagen hydrogels for chondrocyte delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 61:487-93. [PMID: 23916642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Collagen hydrogels are widely used in cartilage tissue engineering for their mimicked chondrogenic environment. Due to the rapid degradation nature and weak mechanical property, collagen hydrogels are often cross-linked in application. In this work, collagen hydrogels were soaked into oxidized alginate solution which used as macromolecular cross-linker to prepare the cross-linked hydrogels. Soaking method could retain the self-assemble property of collagen and also bring in a cross-linking network. The compressive modulus and degradation properties of collagen hydrogels were ameliorated after cross-linked, and chondrocytes encapsulated in the cross-linked hydrogels proliferated well and maintained the cell phenotype. This study implied that collagen hydrogels cross-linked by oxidized alginate may have a great potential for application in cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Niu G, Chen X. Polymeric materials for theranostic applications. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1358-76. [PMID: 23765400 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has continuously contributed to the fast development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Theranostic nanomedicine has encompassed the ongoing efforts on concurrent molecular imaging of biomarkers, delivery of therapeutic agents, and monitoring of therapy response. Among these formulations, polymer-based theranostic agents hold great promise for the construction of multifunctional agents for translational medicine. In this article, we reviewed the state-of-the-art polymeric nanoparticles, from preparation to application, as potential theranostic agents for diagnosis and therapy. We summarized several major polymer formulas, including polymeric conjugate complexes, nanospheres, micelles, and dendrimers for integrated molecular imaging and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 31, 1C22, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Narayanan D, Gopikrishna J, Nair SV, Menon D. Proteins and Carbohydrates as Polymeric Nanodrug Delivery Systems: Formulation, Properties, and Toxicological Evaluation. MULTIFACETED DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF BIOPOLYMERS FOR BIOLOGY, BIOMEDICINE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
9
|
Kodiyan A, Silva EA, Kim J, Aizenberg M, Mooney DJ. Surface modification with alginate-derived polymers for stable, protein-repellent, long-circulating gold nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4796-4805. [PMID: 22650310 DOI: 10.1021/nn205073n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene) glycol is commonly used to stabilize gold nanoparticles (GNPs). In this study, we evaluated the ability of cysteine-functionalized alginate-derived polymers to both provide colloidal stability to GNPs and avoid recognition and sequestration by the body's defense system. These polymers contain multiple reactive chemical groups (hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) that could allow for ready functionalization with, for example, cell-targeting ligands and therapeutic drugs. We report here that alginate-coupled GNPs demonstrate enhanced stability in comparison with bare citrate-coated GNPs and a similar lack of interaction with proteins in vitro and long in vivo circulation as PEG-coated GNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kodiyan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong TW. Alginate graft copolymers and alginate-co-excipient physical mixture in oral drug delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:1497-512. [PMID: 22060280 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Use of alginate graft copolymers in oral drug delivery reduces dosage form manufacture complexity with reference to mixing or coating processes. It is deemed to give constant or approximately steady weight ratio of alginate to covalently attached co-excipient in copolymers, thereby leading to controllable matrix processing and drug release. This review describes various grafting approaches and their outcome on oral drug release behaviour of alginate graft copolymeric matrices. It examines drug release modulation mechanism of alginate graft copolymers against that of co-excipients in non-grafted formulations. KEY FINDINGS Drug release from alginate matrices can be modulated through using either co-excipients or graft copolymers via changing their swelling, erosion, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, porosity and/or drug adsorption capacity. However, it is not known if the drug delivery performance of formulations prepared using alginate graft copolymers is superior to those incorporating graft-equivalent co-excipient physically in a dosage form without grafting but at the corresponding graft weight, owing to limited studies being available. CONCLUSIONS The value of alginate graft copolymers as the potential alternative to alginate-co-excipient physical mixture in oral drug delivery cannot be entirely defined by past and present research. Such an issue is complicated by the lack of green chemistry graft copolymer synthesis approach, high grafting process cost, complications and hazards, and the formed graft copolymers having unknown toxicity. Future research will need to address these matters to achieve a widespread commercialization and industrial application of alginate graft copolymers in oral drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Drug Delivery Perspective. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Karewicz A, Zasada K, Szczubiałka K, Zapotoczny S, Lach R, Nowakowska M. “Smart” alginate–hydroxypropylcellulose microbeads for controlled release of heparin. Int J Pharm 2010; 385:163-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Vechasilp J, Tangtrakulwanich B, Oungbho K, Yuenyongsawad S. The efficacy of methotrexate-impregnated hydroxyapatite composites on human mammary carcinoma cells. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2007; 15:56-61. [PMID: 17429119 DOI: 10.1177/230949900701500113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of local biodegradable composites of hydroxyapatite, plaster of Paris, and a binder of either alginate or chitosan impregnated with methotrexate on human mammary carcinoma cells. METHODS An in vitro analysis of drug dissolution and a cytotoxicity test on human mammary carcinoma cells were performed over one month. Physicochemical properties of each composite were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Both composites with a binder of either alginate or chitosan could release methotrexate for over one month. The amount of methotrexate released depended on the amount of methotrexate loaded. The composite using alginate as a binder released a significantly greater amount of methotrexate than that using chitosan as a binder (p<0.05). The elution of both composites showed favourable cytotoxicity when the concentration was greater than 5 microg/ml. CONCLUSION Methotrexate-impregnated hydroxyapatite composites appear to be effective local skeletal methotrexate delivery systems against human mammary carcinoma cells in an in vitro model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vechasilp
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Physical Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee KY, Bouhadir KH, Mooney DJ. Controlled degradation of hydrogels using multi-functional cross-linking molecules. Biomaterials 2004; 25:2461-6. [PMID: 14751730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels, chemically cross-linked or physically entangled, have found a number of applications as novel delivery vehicles of drugs and cells. However, the narrow ranges of degradation rates and mechanical strength currently available from many hydrogels limits their applications. We have hypothesized that utilization of multi-functional cross-linking molecules to form hydrogels could provide a wider range and tighter control over the degradation rates and mechanical stiffness of gels than bi-functional cross-linking molecules. To address the possibility, we isolated alpha-L-guluronate residues of sodium alginate, and oxidized them to prepare poly(aldehyde guluronate) (PAG). Hydrogels were formed with either poly(acrylamide-co-hydrazide) (PAH) as a multi-functional cross-linking molecule or adipic acid dihydrazide (AAD) as a bi-functional cross-linking molecule. The initial properties and degradation behavior of both PAG gel types were monitored. PAG/PAH hydrogels showed higher mechanical stiffness before degradation and degraded more slowly than PAG/AAD gels, at the same concentration of cross-linking functional groups. The enhanced mechanical stiffness and prolonged degradation behavior could be attributed to the multiple attachment points of PAH in the gel at the same concentration of functional groups. This approach to regulating gel properties with multifunctional cross-linking molecules could be broadly used in hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuen Yong Lee
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, 3074 HH Dow Building, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Godwin A, Bolina K, Clochard M, Dinand E, Rankin S, Simic S, Brocchini S. New strategies for polymer development in pharmaceutical science--a short review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001; 53:1175-84. [PMID: 11578099 DOI: 10.1211/0022357011776612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We are developing synthetic polymers for pharmaceutical and medical applications. These applications can be broadly grouped on how the polymer will be utilized e.g. material, excipient or molecule. Our focus is to develop polymers with more defined structures that are based on biological, physicochemical and/or materials criteria. Strategies are being developed to more efficiently optimize structure-property correlations during preclinical development. We describe two examples of our research on pharmaceutical polymer development: narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) homopolymeric precursors which can be functionalized to give families of narrow MWD homo- and co-polymers, and hydrolytically degradable polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Godwin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bouhadir KH, Kruger GM, Lee KY, Mooney DJ. Sustained and controlled release of daunomycin from cross-linked poly(aldehyde guluronate) hydrogels. J Pharm Sci 2000; 89:910-9. [PMID: 10861592 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6017(200007)89:7<910::aid-jps8>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have incorporated daunomycin, an antineoplastic agent, into a biodegradable hydrogel through a labile covalent bond. In brief, sodium alginate was chemically broken down to low molecular weight and followed by oxidation to prepare poly(aldehyde guluronate). Adipic dihydrazide was used to incorporate the drug into the polymer backbone and cross-link the polymer to form hydrogels. Daunomycin can be released from the hydrogel after the hydrolysis of the covalent linkage between the drug and the polymer. A wide range of release profiles of daunomycin (e.g., from 2 days to 6 weeks) has been achieved using these materials, and the biological activity of the released daunomycin was maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Bouhadir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2136, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee KY, Bouhadir KH, Mooney DJ. Degradation Behavior of Covalently Cross-Linked Poly(aldehyde guluronate) Hydrogels. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma991286z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuen Yong Lee
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Kamal H. Bouhadir
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David J. Mooney
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
According to a previously described method, alginate beads were prepared from a Na-alginate solution containing propylene glycol alginate (PGA) and human serum albumin (HSA). The solution was added dropwise to a CaCl2 solution. The beads were treated with NaOH, which started the formation of amide bonds between HSA and PGA at the periphery, giving a membrane. Batches of beads with increasingly thick membranes were prepared using growing concentrations of NaOH, and studied with a texture analyser. When raising NaOH concentration, the rupture strength progressively increased, and the resistance strength to a deformation of 50% of total height also increased before slightly decreasing for the highest NaOH concentration. Variations of bead elasticity were also observed. When the beads were prepared with saline reducing gelation time from 10 to 5 min, and reaction time from 15 to 5 min, mechanical properties varied more progressively with the NaOH concentration, while the results became more reproducible. A series of assays conducted with 0.01 M NaOH confirmed the importance of using a short gelation time, and saline rather than water. Stability assays were also performed. The results were compared to those of alginate-polylysine coated beads and showed the interest of the transacylation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Edwards-Lévy
- Laboratoire de Pharmacotechnie, UPRES-A CNRS 6013, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- C S Leopold
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Düsseldorf
| |
Collapse
|