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Brink DP, Borgström C, Persson VC, Ofuji Osiro K, Gorwa-Grauslund MF. D-Xylose Sensing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Insights from D-Glucose Signaling and Native D-Xylose Utilizers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12410. [PMID: 34830296 PMCID: PMC8625115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extension of the substrate range is among one of the metabolic engineering goals for microorganisms used in biotechnological processes because it enables the use of a wide range of raw materials as substrates. One of the most prominent examples is the engineering of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the utilization of d-xylose, a five-carbon sugar found in high abundance in lignocellulosic biomass and a key substrate to achieve good process economy in chemical production from renewable and non-edible plant feedstocks. Despite many excellent engineering strategies that have allowed recombinant S. cerevisiae to ferment d-xylose to ethanol at high yields, the consumption rate of d-xylose is still significantly lower than that of its preferred sugar d-glucose. In mixed d-glucose/d-xylose cultivations, d-xylose is only utilized after d-glucose depletion, which leads to prolonged process times and added costs. Due to this limitation, the response on d-xylose in the native sugar signaling pathways has emerged as a promising next-level engineering target. Here we review the current status of the knowledge of the response of S. cerevisiae signaling pathways to d-xylose. To do this, we first summarize the response of the native sensing and signaling pathways in S. cerevisiae to d-glucose (the preferred sugar of the yeast). Using the d-glucose case as a point of reference, we then proceed to discuss the known signaling response to d-xylose in S. cerevisiae and current attempts of improving the response by signaling engineering using native targets and synthetic (non-native) regulatory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Brink
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
| | - Celina Borgström
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
- BioZone Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Viktor C. Persson
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
| | - Karen Ofuji Osiro
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília 70770-901, DF, Brazil
| | - Marie F. Gorwa-Grauslund
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (C.B.); (V.C.P.); (K.O.O.)
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Mestres C, Munanga BDJ, Grabulos J, Loiseau G. Modeling mixed fermentation of gowé using selected Lactobacillus plantarum and Pichia kluyveri strains. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Sugar Beet Pulp for Efficient Bioethanol Production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3154929. [PMID: 27722169 PMCID: PMC5046097 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3154929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sugar beet pulp, a byproduct of sugar beet processing, can be used as a feedstock in second-generation ethanol production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment, of the dosage of cellulase and hemicellulase enzyme preparations used, and of aeration on the release of fermentable sugars and ethanol yield during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sugar beet pulp-based worts. Pressure-thermal pretreatment was applied to sugar beet pulp suspended in 2% w/w sulphuric acid solution at a ratio providing 12% dry matter. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using Viscozyme and Ultraflo Max (Novozymes) enzyme preparations (0.015-0.02 mL/g dry matter). Two yeast strains were used for fermentation: Ethanol Red (S. cerevisiae) (1 g/L) and Pichia stipitis (0.5 g/L), applied sequentially. The results show that efficient simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sugar beet pulp was achieved. A 6 h interval for enzymatic activation between the application of enzyme preparations and inoculation with Ethanol Red further improved the fermentation performance, with the highest ethanol concentration reaching 26.9 ± 1.2 g/L and 86.5 ± 2.1% fermentation efficiency relative to the theoretical yield.
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Wen X, Sidhu S, Horemans SK, Sooksawat N, Harner NK, Bajwa PK, Yuan Z, Lee H. Exceptional hexose-fermenting ability of the xylitol-producing yeast Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:631-637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim M, Liang M, He Q, Wang J. A novel bioreactor to study the dynamics of co-culture systems. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Farias D, de Andrade RR, Maugeri-Filho F. Kinetic Modeling of Ethanol Production by Scheffersomyces stipitis from Xylose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:361-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dhabhai R, Chaurasia SP, Singh K, Dalai AK. Kinetics of Bioethanol Production Employing Mono- and Co-Cultures ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandPichia stipitis. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Chen Y. Development and application of co-culture for ethanol production by co-fermentation of glucose and xylose: a systematic review. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:581-97. [PMID: 21104106 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews current co-culture systems for fermenting mixtures of glucose and xylose to ethanol. Thirty-five co-culture systems that ferment either synthetic glucose and xylose mixture or various biomass hydrolysates are examined. Strain combinations, fermentation modes and conditions, and fermentation performance for these co-culture systems are compared and discussed. It is noted that the combination of Pichia stipitis with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or its respiratory-deficient mutant is most commonly used. One of the best results for fermentation of glucose and xylose mixture is achieved by using co-culture of immobilized Zymomonas mobilis and free cells of P. stipitis, giving volumetric ethanol production of 1.277 g/l/h and ethanol yield of 0.49-0.50 g/g. The review discloses that, as a strategy for efficient conversion of glucose and xylose, co-culture fermentation for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass can increase ethanol yield and production rate, shorten fermentation time, and reduce process costs, and it is a promising technology although immature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Agbogbo FK, Coward-Kelly G, Torry-Smith M, Wenger K, Jeffries TW. The effect of initial cell concentration on xylose fermentation by Pichia stipitis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 137-140:653-62. [PMID: 18478423 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-9086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xylose was fermented using Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 at different initial cell concentrations. A high initial cell concentration increased the rate of xylose utilization, ethanol formation, and the ethanol yield. The highest ethanol concentration of 41.0 g/L and a yield of 0.38 g/g was obtained using an initial cell concentration of 6.5 g/L. Even though more xylitol was produced when the initial cell concentrations were high, cell density had no effect on the final ethanol yield. A two-parameter mathematical model was used to predict the cell population dynamics at the different initial cell concentrations. The model parameters, a and b correlate with the initial cell concentrations used with an R(2) of 0.99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Agbogbo
- Novozymes North America Inc., 77 Perry Chapel Church Road, Franklinton, NC 27525, USA.
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Agbogbo FK, Coward-Kelly G. Cellulosic ethanol production using the naturally occurring xylose-fermenting yeast, Pichia stipitis. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 30:1515-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lebeau T, Jouenne T, Junter GA. Long-term incomplete xylose fermentation, after glucose exhaustion, with Candida shehatae co-immobilized with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Res 2007; 162:211-8. [PMID: 16959480 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida shehatae were co-immobilized in an agar sheet which was introduced in an original two-chambered bioreactor asymmetrically fed in a batch mode with a mixture of glucose and xylose in a ratio of 35:15. The two sugars were consumed simultaneously. All glucose was fermented but only 20% of xylose. After incubation, yeast cells recovered from different areas of the agar sheet (close to, called Hi, and distant from, called Ho, the substrate chamber) were cultured as suspended cells in fresh culture medium provided with xylose or the sugar mixture. Xylose utilization by gel released Hi yeasts was significantly delayed compared to the Ho culture. Ethanol consumption by Hi yeasts in the two-substrate medium occurred after glucose exhaustion despite the presence of xylose. The waste medium resulting from incubation of the immobilized-cell structure inhibited xylose utilization by C. shehatae. Our results suggested that batch fermentation most probably favoured this incomplete xylose fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lebeau
- UMR 6522 CNRS, UFR Sciences, University of Rouen, F76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
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Passoth V, Schäfer B, Liebel B, Weierstall T, Klinner U. Molecular cloning of alcohol dehydrogenase genes of the yeast Pichia stipitis and identification of the fermentative ADH. Yeast 1998; 14:1311-25. [PMID: 9802210 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(1998100)14:14<1311::aid-yea315>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Pichia stipitis ADH genes (PsADH1 and PsADH2) were isolated by complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Adh(-)-mutant. The genes enabled the transformants to grow in the presence of antimycin A on glucose, to use ethanol as sole carbon source and made them sensitive to allylalcohol. The sequences of the genes showed similarities of 70-77% to sequences of ADH genes of Candida albicans, Kluyveromyces lactis, K. marxianus, and S. cerevisiae and about 60% homology to those of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Aspergillus flavus. Southern hybridization experiments suggested that P. stipitis has only these two ADH genes. Both genes are located on the largest chromosome of P. stipitis. PsADH2 encodes for the ADH activity that is responsible for ethanol formation at oxygen limitation. The gene is regulated at the transcriptional level. Moreover, also in cells grown on ethanol, only PsADH2 transcript was found. PsADH1 transcript was detected under aerobic conditions on fermentable carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Passoth
- Institut für Biologie IV (Mikrobiologie), RWTH Aachen, Germany
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Silva SS, Felipe MG, Mancilha IM. Factors that affect the biosynthesis of xylitol by xylose-fermenting yeasts. A review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1998; 70-72:331-9. [PMID: 9627388 DOI: 10.1007/bf02920149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol is a sweetener with important technological properties like anticariogenicity, low caloric value, and negative dissolution heat. Because it can be used successfully in food formulations and pharmaceutical industries, its production is in great demand. Xylitol can be obtained by microbiological process, since many yeasts and filamentous fungi synthesize the xylose reductase enzyme, which catalyses the xylose reduction into xylitol as the first step in the xylose metabolism. The xylitol production by biotechnological means has several economic advantages in comparison with the conventional process based on the chemical reduction of xylose. The efficiency and the productivity of this fermentation chiefly depends upon the microorganism and the process conditions employed. In this mini-review, the most significant upstream parameters on xylitol production by biotechnological process are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering of Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ethanol production from a mixture of glucose and xylose by co-culture of Pichia stipitis and a respiratory-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0922-338x(97)80143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Chamy R, Núñez M, Lema J. Product inhibition of fermentation of xylose to ethanol by free and immobilized Pichia stipitis. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Guerrin F, Delgen�s JP, Moletta R. Modeling the alcoholic fermentation of xylose by Pichia stipitis using a qualitative reasoning approach. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00369466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Laplace J, Delgenes J, Moletta R, Navarro J. Ethanol production from glucose and xylose by separated and co-culture processes using high cell density systems. Process Biochem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(93)85013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Does AL, Bisson LF. Isolation and Characterization of
Pichia heedii
Mutants Defective in Xylose Uptake. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:3321-8. [PMID: 16348339 PMCID: PMC184949 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.11.3321-3328.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of xylose uptake in xylose metabolism in yeasts, we isolated a series of mutated strains of the yeast
Pichia heedii
which are defective in xylose utilization. Four of these demonstrated defects in xylose uptake. Overlaps between the functional or regulatory mechanisms for glucose and xylose uptake may exist in this yeast since some of the mutants defective in xylose uptake were also defective in glucose transport. None of the mutants were defective in xylose reductase or xylitol dehydrogenase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Does
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Barbosa MDF, Lee H, Collins-Thompson DL. Additive Effects of Alcohols, Their Acidic By-Products, and Temperature on the Yeast
Pachysolen tannophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:545-50. [PMID: 16348129 PMCID: PMC183375 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.2.545-550.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of alcohols on the growth and fermentation of the yeast
Pachysolen tannophilus
were investigated at both 30 and 35�C. Addition of alcohols to the culture medium decreased both the growth rate and the final cell yield in a dose-dependent manner, and this decrease was more severe at 35�C. The concentration for 50% growth rate inhibition decreased as the chain length of the alcohol increased. In fermentations using a high initial cell density, production of acids was always observed when the medium was supplemented with alcohols. Supplementation of the culture medium with a short-chain alcohol plus the corresponding acid was shown to exert an additive deleterious effect on fermentation, and this effect increased with temperature. Production of acids was associated with the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in cell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de F Barbosa
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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