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Roja A, Maheshwari PU, Munemma R, Swathi K. Method Development and Validation of Gallic Acid in Liquid Dosage Form by Using RP-HPLC Method. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1425:513-533. [PMID: 37581826 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31986-0_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive, and reproducible reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of gallic acid in the pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of gallic acid was achieved on Waters Alliance-e 2695, by using Waters X-Terra RP-18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μ) column and the mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid and ACN in the ratio of 70:30% v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; detection was carried out by absorption at 275 nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for gallic acid was NLT 2000 and should not be more than 2 respectively. Percentage relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements is always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate, and robust method for quantitative analysis of gallic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aavula Roja
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of pharmaceutical technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, India
| | - Peram Uma Maheshwari
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of pharmaceutical technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, India
| | - Ramapuram Munemma
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of pharmaceutical technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, India
| | - Konda Swathi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of pharmaceutical technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupathi, India
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2
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Sun M, Feng J, Feng Y, Xin X, Ding Y, Sun M. Preparation of ionic covalent organic frameworks and their applications in solid-phase extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Jia Y, Liu X, Xu L, Zhao J, Ni J, Zhang Y. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry measurement of 26 steroid hormones in human serum and plasma samples. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2358-2370. [PMID: 33835710 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of steroid hormones provided critical information in the clinical evaluation of endocrine disorders. In this study, we developed a high-throughput solid-phase extraction method for the analysis of 26 steroids in human serum and plasma samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographic conditions and sample preparation were optimized to achieve good separation and maximum sensitivity for these analytes. Under the optimum conditions, good linearities were achieved in the quantitative range for each steroid hormone with the correlation coefficients (r) larger than 0.99. The limits of quantitation of the method were in the range from 0.0005 to 0.7901 ng/mL. The recoveries were in the range of 87.2-114.2% with intra- and interday precision lower than 9.94%. This method has already been applied to series of samples from clinical trials, and there was no significant difference between serum and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Jia
- Beijing Harmony Health Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingli Liu
- Beijing Harmony Health Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Beijing Harmony Health Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Zhao
- Beijing Harmony Health Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Beijing Harmony Health Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
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4
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Katuri GP, Fan X, Kosarac I, Siddique S, Kubwabo C. Synthetic Musk Compounds in Human Biological Matrices: Analytical Methods and Occurrence-A Review. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:368-383. [PMID: 33283860 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive use of synthetic musk compounds (SMs) in numerous consumer and personal care products has resulted in direct human exposures via dermal absorption, inhalation of contaminated dust and volatilized fragrances, and oral ingestion of contaminated foods and liquids. SMs and their metabolites are lipophilic, hence commonly detected in various biological matrices such as blood, breast milk, and adipose tissue. Appropriate analytical techniques are needed to detect and quantify SMs in biological matrices to assess their potential effects on human health. Different methods to process and analyze SMs in biological matrices, including sample-pretreatment, solvent extraction, cleanup, and instrumental analysis, are presented in this review. The concentration levels of selected musk compounds in biological samples from different countries/regions are summarized. Finally, research gaps and questions pertaining to the analysis of SMs are identified and suggestions made for future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Prasad Katuri
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinghua Fan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivana Kosarac
- Science Division, Tobacco Control Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabana Siddique
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
| | - Cariton Kubwabo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
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5
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Schizophrenia: recent advances in LC-MS/MS methods to determine antipsychotic drugs in biological samples. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:215-231. [PMID: 30663320 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating and costly illnesses worldwide. First-generation antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol succeeded in controlling the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but had significant extrapyramidal effects that led to the search for new agents and the release of second-generation (or atypical) antipsychotics. These drugs had a lower risk of adverse motor symptoms. Therapeutic drug monitoring has become a useful tool to optimize schizophrenia treatment and HPLC-MS/MS has been considered the primary technique to monitor antipsychotics. This review comprises three sections: schizophrenia pathophysiology and treatment; recent advances in LC-MS/MS methods designed to measure levels of antipsychotics and their metabolites in plasma samples (selectivity, matrix effect and sensitivity); and the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring.
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6
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Nageswara Rao R, Guru Prasad K. Stereo-specific LC and LC-MS bioassays of antidepressants and psychotics. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:21-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageswara Rao
- D215, Discovery Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 607 India
| | - K. Guru Prasad
- D215, Discovery Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 607 India
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7
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Extraction of methocarbamol from human plasma with a polypyrrole/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite decorated with magnetic nanoparticles as an adsorbent followed by electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry detection†. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3518-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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On-line solid-phase extraction high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of tacrolimus in whole blood hemolyzate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:863-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Andruch V, Kocúrová L, Balogh IS, Škrlíková J. Recent advances in coupling single-drop and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with UV–vis spectrophotometry and related detection techniques. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Kole PL, Venkatesh G, Kotecha J, Sheshala R. Recent advances in sample preparation techniques for effective bioanalytical methods. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:199-217. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Chen Z, Weber SG. Determination of binding constants by affinity capillary electrophoresis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and phase-distribution methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2008; 27:738-748. [PMID: 19802330 PMCID: PMC2600677 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many methods for determining intermolecular interactions have been described in the literature in the past several decades. Chief among them are methods based on spectroscopic changes, particularly those based on absorption or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [especially proton NMR ((1)H NMR)]. Recently, there have been put forward several new methods that are particularly adaptable, use very small quantities of material, and do not place severe requirements on the spectroscopic properties of the binding partners. This review covers new developments in affinity capillary electrophoresis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and phasetransfer methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stephen G. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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12
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Félix G, Campèse D. Development of a New RAM-Chiral Column for Determination of Chiral Drugs in Biological Fluids by HPLC. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Bai F, Minkin P, Fraga CH, O'Shaughnessy MA, Gururangan S, Stewart CF. Determination of Cloretazine (VNP40101M) and its active metabolite (VNP4090CE) in human plasma by liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 853:97-104. [PMID: 17446145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the determination of Cloretazine (VNP40101M) and its metabolite (VNP4090CE) with an internal standard (ISTD) in human plasma was developed using high-performance liquid chromatographic separation with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Acidified plasma samples (500 microL) were prepared using solid phase extraction (SPE) columns, and 25 microL of the reconstituted sample was injected onto an Ascentis C18 HPLC column (3 microm, 5 cmx2.1 mm) with an isocratic mobile phase. Analytes were detected with an API-3000 LC-MS/MS System at unit (Q1) and low (Q3) resolution in negative multiple reaction monitoring mode: m/z 249.0 (precursor ion) to m/z 114.9 (product ion) for both Cloretazine (at 3.64 min) and VNP4090CE (at 2.91 min), and m/z 253.0 (precursor ion) to m/z 116.9 (product ion) for the ISTD. The mean recovery for Cloretazine (VNP40101M) and its metabolite (VNP4090CE) was greater than 87% with a lower limit of quantification of 1.0 ng/mL for Cloretazine (S/N=9.7, CV<or=12%) and 0.5 ng/mL for VNP4090CE (S/N=11.3, CV<or=9.7%). This method was validated over a linear range of 1.0-1000 ng/mL for Cloretazine and 0.5-100 ng/mL for VNP4090CE, and results from a five day validation study demonstrated good within-day and between-day precision and accuracy. This method has been used to measure plasma Cloretazine and its metabolite concentrations in a Phase I study in children with recurrent progressive or refractory primary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, and The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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14
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11 HPLC method development for drug discovery LC-MS assays in rapid PK applications. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)80017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Chang MS, Ji Q, Zhang J, El-Shourbagy TA. Historical review of sample preparation for chromatographic bioanalysis: pros and cons. Drug Dev Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Souverain S, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL. Restricted access materials and large particle supports for on-line sample preparation: an attractive approach for biological fluids analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 801:141-56. [PMID: 14751782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An analytical process generally involves four main steps: (1) sample preparation; (2) analytical separation; (3) detection; and (4) data handling. In the bioanalytical field, sample preparation is often considered as the time-limiting step. Indeed, the extraction techniques commonly used for biological matrices such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) are achieved in the off-line mode. In order to perform a high throughput analysis, efforts have been engaged in developing a faster sample purification process. Among different strategies, the introduction of special extraction sorbents, such as the restricted access media (RAM) and large particle supports (LPS), allowing the direct and repetitive injection of complex biological matrices, represents a very attractive approach. Integrated in a liquid chromatography (LC) system, these extraction supports lead to the automation, simplification and speeding up of the sample preparation process. In this paper, RAM and LPS are reviewed and particular attention is given to commercially available supports. Applications of these extraction supports, are presented in single column and column-switching configurations, for the direct analysis of compounds in various biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Souverain
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, 20 Bd. d'Yvoy, 12114 Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Souverain S, Eap C, Veuthey JL, Rudaz S. Automated LC-MS Method for the Fast Stereoselective Determination of Methadone in Plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:1615-21. [PMID: 14708886 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Methadone (MTD) is a chiral drug widely used for the treatment of opioid dependence for which a rapid analytical method for the determination of each enantiomer would be advantageous. In order to improve method sensitivity and to automate the entire analytical process, a column-switching configuration has been developed. An online extraction system coupled to a cellulose-based chiral stationary phase (CSP), namely Chiralcel OJ-R, was used and detection was performed by mass spectrometry. Fifty microl of plasma were injected into the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system after addition of acetonitrile (ACN) containing methadone deuterated D9 (MTD-D9) (internal standard) and centrifugation. For the rapid extraction step, a large particle size support was selected. A baseline separation of MTD enantiomers was obtained in less than 12 min. Trueness and precision were evaluated with control samples at 500 ng/ml of (R,S)-methadone. Trueness values were 106.6% and 103.0% for (R)-MTD and (S)-MTD, respectively, with a coefficient of variation inferior to 2.5% for both compounds. Finally, a good concordance was found using this method for analysis of plasma samples from patients in maintenance treatment as compared to a previously described HPLC-UV method after liquid-liquid extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Souverain
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Hempenius J, Steenvoorden RJ, Lagerwerf FM, Wieling J, Jonkman JH. 'High throughput' solid-phase extraction technology and turbo ionspray LC-MS-MS applied to the determination of haloperidol in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 20:889-98. [PMID: 10746957 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative method for the analysis of haloperidol in human plasma is described. Sample clean-up was performed by means of solid-phase extraction using 3M Empore extraction disk plates in the 96-well format, automated with a Canberra Packard pipetting robot. Separation was performed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with turbo ionspray tandem mass spectrometric detection by monitoring the decay of protonated haloperidol of m/z 376 to its fragment at m/z 165, versus the decay of protonated haloperidol-D4 at m/z 380 to its fragment at m/z 169. The validated concentration range was from 0.100 to 50.0 ng ml(-1), with an inaccuracy and overall imprecision below 10% at all concentration levels. Validation results on linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy and stability are shown and are found to be adequate. The average sample preparation time for a batch of 96 samples is approximately 50 min. The chromatographic run time is 3 min. A sample throughput of at least 240 samples per day can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hempenius
- Pharma Bio-Research International B.V., Zuidlaren, The Netherlands
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19
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Kiehr B, Christensen MS. Assay for levormeloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, in human and monkey plasma employing high-performance liquid chromatography and solid-phase extraction. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 729:315-22. [PMID: 10410957 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Assays for levormeloxifene, a new selective estrogen receptor modulator, and its 7-desmethyl metabolite in human and cynomolgus monkey plasma are described. Plasma was extracted on mixed-mode bonded sorbent material (C8/SCX) and the extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of levormeloxifene and the metabolite exceeded 70%. Within and total assay precision calculated as a coefficient of variation (C.V.) were <8% for both compounds at all concentration levels, except at the limit of quantitation (LOQ) where the C.V. was 15%. Within and total-assay accuracy calculated as a percentage of the nominal value were between 90 and 114% for both analytes. The LOQ was for levormeloxifene and 7-desmethyllevormeloxifene, respectively, 1.5 and 2.5 ng/ml (man) and 5.2 and 6.9 ng/ml (monkey). In the monkey plasma assay, human plasma could substitute monkey plasma as blank plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kiehr
- Pharmacokinetics, Health Care Discovery and Development, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
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20
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Corta E, Bakkali A, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F, Gonzalo A, Lucero ML, Orjales A. Semi-automated solid-phase extraction procedure for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of alinastine in biological fluids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 727:131-8. [PMID: 10360432 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for sample clean-up followed by a reversed-phase HPLC procedure for the assay of alinastina (pINN) in biological fluids is reported. The effects of the sample pH, composition of the washing and elution solvents and the nature of the SPE cartridge on recovery were evaluated. The selectivity of SPE was examined using spiked rat urine and plasma samples and the CH and PH cartridges gave rise to the cleanest extracts. The recoveries obtained in spiked rat urine and plasma samples were 91.2+/-2.7 and 99.9+/-2.8%, respectively. The proposed SPE method coupled off-line with a reserved-phase HPLC system with fluorimetric detection was applied to the quantitation of alinastine in real rat urine samples. The analytical method was also applied and validated for the determination of alinastine in dog plasma. The recovery from spiked dog plasma samples using the PH cartridge was around 65%. The within-day and between-day precisions were 7 and 12%, respectively. The detection and quantitation limits in dog plasma were 0.024 and 0.078 microg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Corta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
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21
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Semi-automated, solid-phase extraction procedure for liquid chromatographic determination of papaverine, diltiazem, desipramine and nicardipine in urine. Chromatographia 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02575286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Hempenius J, Wieling J, Brakenhoff JP, Maris FA, Jonkman JH. High-throughput solid-phase extraction for the determination of cimetidine in human plasma. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 714:361-8. [PMID: 9766877 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For the implementation and validation of an automated 'high-throughput' solid-phase extraction (SPE) system, using microtiter solid-phase technology and a pipetting robot, a SPE method previously validated manually for cimetidine in human plasma was adapted. Sample cleanup was performed by means of SPE using Microlute extraction plates in the 96-well format, each well filled with 50 mg of Varian C18 sorbent. Separation was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection at 234 nm. The validated calibration range was from 0.100 to 5.00 mg/l, with an inaccuracy and imprecision below 20% at all concentration levels. Validation results on linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy and stability are shown and are found to be adequate. Cross-check analysis of samples from a clinical trial showed that there is a good correlation between results obtained by the automated method and results obtained by the manual method. The average sample preparation time for a technician decreased from approximately 4 min per sample to 0.6 min. A sample throughput of at least 160 samples per day can be achieved, the HPLC analysis time being the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hempenius
- Pharma Bio-Research International B.V., Zuidlaren, The Netherlands
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23
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Liang X, Lubman DM, Rossi DT, Nordblom GD, Barksdale CM. On-probe immunoaffinity extraction by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 1998; 70:498-503. [PMID: 9470484 DOI: 10.1021/ac9708856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and effective method has been proposed in this work for combination of immunoaffinity extraction with MALDI MS. In this method, an antibody is attached to the surface of a MALDI probe tip via a thin nitrocellulose film. This allows the corresponding antigen to be selectively captured and concentrated on the probe tip from complex plasma solution for MALDI MS analysis. The whole procedure can be completed within 1 h. This combination offers several excellent performance features in the analysis of SNX-111, a therapeutic peptide. It combines the high specificity of affinity chromatography with the high sensitivity of mass spectrometry in a rapid analysis. Direct mass detection provides unambiguous determination by the observation of signals at characteristic m/z values. This method has been used successfully to determine the therapeutic peptide at relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1055, USA
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24
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Williams MG, Zhong WZ. Stereospecific determination of an HIV aspartyl protease inhibitor, PNU-103017, in rat, dog and human plasma using a Pirkle-concept high-performance liquid chromatographic column. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 694:169-77. [PMID: 9234860 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantitation of the enantiomers of 4-cyano-N-(3-(cyclopropyl-(5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H- cycloocta(b)pyran-3-yl)methyl)phenyl)benzenesulfonamide (PNU-103017) (I), an HIV protease inhibitor, in plasma of rat, dog and human was developed. The procedure involved an acetonitrile-aided protein precipitation followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) of I from plasma into ethanol. Stereospecific separation was accomplished on a Pirkle-concept chiral column (Regis S,S-Whelk-01, 250x4.6 mm I.D.) with a mobile phase of absolute ethanol-0.1% acetic acid in hexane (30:70, v/v). The eluate was monitored by UV absorbance (295 nm). Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.2 to 500 microM, with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.1-0.2 microM for both enantiomers in either rat, dog or human plasma. Intra- and inter-assay precision and assay accuracy were demonstrated to be acceptable for the stereoselective pharmacokinetic analysis of I in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Williams
- Drug Metabolism Research, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA
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Parker TD, Wright DS, Rossi DT. Design and evaluation of an automated solid-phase extraction method development system for use with biological fluids. Anal Chem 1996; 68:2437-41. [PMID: 8686932 DOI: 10.1021/ac951011r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An automated solid-phase extraction method development system, utilizing a Zymate XP robot and a custom-designed solid-phase extraction manifold, has been developed and validated. This system spikes blank liquid matrix, such as plasma, with solutions containing drug, internal standard, and up to three metabolites. Samples are then buffered or diluted with an appropriate reagent. After these samples and corresponding blanks have been prepared, solid-phase cartridges containing selected sorbents are automatically conditioned. Samples are robotically vortexed and transferred to the conditioned cartridges, and analytes are extracted. Validation of this robotic system demonstrated acceptable precision and accuracy for three types of liquid transfer, including metering pump ( < 6% RSD and RE for > or = 2.0 mL dispensation), syringe-based laboratory station ( < or = 2.9% RSD and 0.5% RE for volumes between 0.25 and 1.00 mL), and syringe hands ( < 3.5% RSD and RE for volumes between 0.10 and 1.00 mL). For two example compounds, the system provided data which effectively distinguished good solid-phase sorbents from marginal ones through precision, recovery, and chromatographic selectivity. Solid-phase extraction of these compounds from human plasma gave precision (2-10% RSD) and extraction efficiency (96 +/- 6%) comparable to results obtained from manual extractions (92 +/- 11%).
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Parker
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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Kulczykowska E. Solid-phase extraction of arginine vasotocin and isotocin in fish samples and subsequent gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 673:289-93. [PMID: 8611963 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) preceded by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) step is described for determining arginine vasotocin and isotocin, the neurohypophysial nonapeptides, in fish plasma samples. The combination of these two methods significantly improves the separation and increases the sensitivity of the assay. The proposed assay may be a useful alternative for analysis of similar nonapeptides in plasma without the use of radioisotopes, while taking into consideration a difference in detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kulczykowska
- Marine Biology Center of Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdynia, Poland
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Bonazzi D, Andrisano V, Gatti R, Cavrini V. Analysis of pharmaceutical creams: a useful approach based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and UV spectrophotometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995; 13:1321-9. [PMID: 8634349 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01536-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) using C-18, diol and ion-exchange sorbents followed by UV spectrophotometric (conventional and derivative mode) assay was applied to the analysis of basic, acidic and neutral drugs commercially available in creams. A representative set of drugs (promethazine, chlorhexidine, benzydamine, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, fentiazac, piroxicam, fluorouracil, crotamiton and hydrocortisone acetate) was selected, and for each drug the appropriate SPE conditions (adsorption, washing and elution) were investigated to obtain a practical and reliable sample clean-up. It was shown that the developed SPE procedures were capable of removing interfering cream components (excipients including preservatives) allowing accurate spectrophotometric analyses to be performed. In some applications, derivative spectrophotometry was advantageous over the conventional absorption mode with respect to higher selectivity and versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bonazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Italy
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