1
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Determination of sequence and absolute configuration of peptide amino acids by HPLC-MS/CD-based detection of liberated N-terminus phenylthiohydantoin amino acids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10285. [PMID: 35717509 PMCID: PMC9206679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a method for the simultaneous determination of the sequence and absolute configuration of peptide amino acids using a combination of Edman degradation and HPLC–MS/CD. Phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivatives of 20 pairs of standard d- and l-amino acids were synthesized by the Edman reaction. The CD spectra of the derivatives revealed that each pair of the PTH derivatives exhibited the absorption with opposite signs at around 270 nm. These standard PTH derivatives showed well-resolved resolution without interference from byproducts in the ion chromatogram and clear positive/negative CD absorptions when subjected on a reversed phase HPLC–MS system coupled with a CD-2095 HPLC detector. This method was applied for the detection of a synthetic pentapeptide and a natural depsipeptide (halicylindramide C). The sequence and configuration of the pentapeptide and up to eight residues of halicylindramide C were successfully analyzed by this method. The amino acid configuration of the pentapeptide was also determined successfully by subjecting its acid hydrolysates to the Edman reaction followed by HPLC–MS/CD.
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2
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Talhami A, Swed A, Hess S, Ovadia O, Greenberg S, Schumacher-Klinger A, Rosenthal D, Shalev DE, Hurevich M, Lazarovici P, Hoffman A, Gilon C. Cyclizing Painkillers: Development of Backbone-Cyclic TAPS Analogs. Front Chem 2020; 8:532577. [PMID: 33282822 PMCID: PMC7689096 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.532577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Painkillers are commonly used medications. Native peptide painkillers suffer from various pharmacological disadvantages, while small molecule painkillers like morphine are highly addictive. We present a general approach aimed to use backbone-cyclization to develop a peptidomimetic painkiller. Backbone-cyclization was applied to transform the linear peptide Tyr-Arg-Phe-Sar (TAPS) into an active backbone-cyclic peptide with improved drug properties. We designed and synthesized a focused backbone-cyclic TAPS library with conformational diversity, in which the members of the library have the generic name TAPS c(n-m) where n and m represent the lengths of the alkyl chains on the nitrogens of Gly and Arg, respectively. We used a combined screening approach to evaluate the pharmacological properties and the potency of the TAPS c(n-m) library. We focused on an in vivo active compound, TAPS c(2-6), which is metabolically stable and has the potential to become a peripheral painkiller being a full μ opioid receptor functional agonist. To prepare a large quantity of TAPS c(2-6), we optimized the conditions of the on-resin reductive alkylation step to increase the efficiency of its SPPS. NMR was used to determine the solution conformation of the peptide lead TAPS c(2-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Talhami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Swed
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shmuel Hess
- Meytav Technologies Incubator, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Oded Ovadia
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarit Greenberg
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Schumacher-Klinger
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Rosenthal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah E Shalev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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3
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Hesselink JMK, Schatman ME. Rediscovery of old drugs: the forgotten case of dermorphin for postoperative pain and palliation. J Pain Res 2018; 11:2991-2995. [PMID: 30538538 PMCID: PMC6260176 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s186082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The repurposing of old drugs for new indications is becoming more accepted as a cost-efficient solution for complicated health problems. However, older drugs are often forgotten when they are not repositioned. This analysis makes a case for re-exploration of dermorphin for intrathecal use in postoperative pain and in a palliative context, with the goal of re-establishing this compound. Dermorphin was isolated from the skin of an Amazonian frog, characterized and identified as a bioactive heptapeptide by Vittorio Erspamer’s research group in the early 1980s. It was traditionally called “Kambo” or “Sapo” by Amazon tribes and was used to improve their physical and psychic skills as hunters. Its structure is rather enigmatic, containing a D-amino acid, and its pharmacological activity in a number of assays was found to be quite impressive and superior to morphine. Moreover, it has been established as more selective and potent with long-lasting analgesia compared to morphine after intracerebroventricular administration in animal models. In 1985, the first clinical trial results of a randomized, placebo-controlled study in postoperative pain were reported, and dermorphin administered via the intrathecal route was again impressively superior over the placebo and the reference compound morphine. This milestone study was apparently minimally read by clinicians, as the study has never been referenced; only 15 pharmacological and review papers after 1985 mentioned the results, with not one being a clinical paper. The interest in dermorphin decreased after 1985, and the compound was never again introduced in the clinical setting. Considering the enormous pressure to find superior acting opioids, this is quite puzzling. We suggest new clinical studies to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of dermorphin, especially administered via the intrathecal route in postoperative pain or for palliative use in terminal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Keppel Hesselink
- Department of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany, .,Institute for Neuropathic Pain, Bosch en Duin, the Netherlands,
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Research and Network Development, Boston Pain Care, Waltham, MA, USA
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4
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Aquila I, Gratteri S, Sacco MA, Fineschi V, Magi S, Castaldo P, Viscomi G, Amoroso S, Ricci P. The Biological Effects of Kambo: Is There a Relationship Between its Administration and Sudden Death? J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:965-968. [PMID: 28886207 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kambo is a substance obtained from the skin secretions of a frog, Phyllomedusa bicolor, popular in the Amazon region, which is administered via the transdermal route. We report a case of 42-year-old man found dead in his house. Near the corpse, a plastic box labeled as "Kambo sticks" was found. The man was a chronic consumer of Kambo and no previous pathology or genetic disease emerged in clinical history from the declaration of his general practitioner. Autopsy investigations and toxicological analysis were performed. The histopathological examination showed left ventricular hypertrophy. Toxicological screening was negative for ethanol and other drugs. Phyllocaerulein, phyllokinin, and deltorphin A were isolated from the Kambo sticks but, only deltorphin A was detected in blood sample. We describe the first forensic case of death associated with Kambo administration. We attempt to explain how its use could be related to the cause of sudden death in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Aquila
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Institute of Legal Medicine, University "La Sapienza", 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo A Sacco
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University "La Sapienza", 00186, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Castaldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pietrantonio Ricci
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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5
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Maciejczyk M, Lasota A, Frączak O, Kosson P, Misicka A, Nowakowski M, Ejchart A, Olma A. The impact of β-azido(or 1-piperidinyl)methylamino acids in position 2 or 3 on biological activity and conformation of dermorphin analogues. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:545-51. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Maciejczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science; University of Warmia and Mazury; Oczapowskiego 4 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Protein Engineering; International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw; ul. Ks. Trojdena 4 02-109 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anika Lasota
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Oliwia Frączak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Piotr Kosson
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawińskiego 5 01-793 Warsaw Poland
| | - Aleksandra Misicka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawińskiego 5 01-793 Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Nowakowski
- Centre of New Technologies; University of Warsaw; Banacha 2C 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej Ejchart
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawińskiego 5A 02-106 Warsaw Poland
| | - Aleksandra Olma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
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6
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Frączak O, Lasota A, Tymecka D, Kosson P, Muchowska A, Misicka A, Olma A. Synthesis, binding affinities and metabolic stability of dimeric dermorphin analogs modified withβ3-homo-amino acids. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:222-7. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Frączak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Anika Lasota
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Dagmara Tymecka
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Kosson
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawinskiego 5 01-793 Warsaw Poland
| | - Adriana Muchowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawinskiego 5 01-793 Warsaw Poland
| | - Aleksandra Misicka
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawinskiego 5 01-793 Warsaw Poland
| | - Aleksandra Olma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
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7
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Lasota A, Frączak O, Muchowska A, Nowakowski M, Maciejczyk M, Ejchart A, Olma A. Synthesis, Biological Activity, and NMR-Based Structural Studies of Deltorphin I Analogs Modified in Message Domain with a Newα,α-Disubstituted Glycines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 87:824-32. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Lasota
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Oliwia Frączak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Adriana Muchowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawińskiego 5 01-793 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Nowakowski
- Centre of New Technologies; University of Warsaw; Banacha 2C 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Maciejczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics; Faculty of Food Science; University of Warmia and Mazury; Oczapowskiego 4 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Protein Engineering; International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw; ul. Ks. Trojdena 4 02-109 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej Ejchart
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawińskiego 5A 02-106 Warsaw Poland
| | - Aleksandra Olma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
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8
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König E, Bininda-Emonds ORP, Shaw C. The diversity and evolution of anuran skin peptides. Peptides 2015; 63:96-117. [PMID: 25464160 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians exhibit various, characteristic adaptations related to their "incomplete" shift from the aquatic to the terrestrial habitat. In particular, the integument was subject to a number of specialized modifications during the evolution of these animals. In this review, we place special emphasis on endogenous host-defence skin peptides from the cuteanous granular glands anuran amphibians (frogs and toads). The overview on the two broad groups of neuroactive and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) goes beyond a simple itemization in that we provide a new perspective into the evolution and function of anuran AMPs. Briefly, these cationic, amphipathic and α-helical peptides are traditionally viewed as being part of the innate immune system, protecting the moist skin against invading microorganisms through their cytolytic action. However, the complete record of anuran species investigated to date suggests that AMPs are distributed sporadically (i.e., non-universally) across Anura. Together with the intriguing observation that virtually all anurans known to produce neuropeptides in their granular glands also co-secrete cytolytic peptides, we call the traditional role for AMPs as being purely antimicrobial into question and present an alternative scenario. We hypothesize AMPs to assist neuroactive peptides in their antipredator role through their cytolytic action increasing the delivery of the latter to the endocrine and nervous system of the predator. Thus, AMPs are more accurately viewed as cytolysins and their contribution to the immune system is better regarded as an accessory benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico König
- AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie, IBU - Fakultät V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf R P Bininda-Emonds
- AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie, IBU - Fakultät V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Chris Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Center, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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9
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MS approaches to select peptides with post-translational modifications from amphibian defense secretions prior to full sequence elucidation. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Robinson MA, Guan F, McDonnell S, Uboh CE, Soma LR. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dermorphin in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:321-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Robinson
- Department of Clinical Studies; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square PA USA
- PA Equine Toxicology and Research Laboratory; West Chester PA USA
| | - F. Guan
- Department of Clinical Studies; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square PA USA
| | - S. McDonnell
- Department of Clinical Studies; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square PA USA
| | - C. E. Uboh
- Department of Clinical Studies; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square PA USA
- PA Equine Toxicology and Research Laboratory; West Chester PA USA
| | - L. R. Soma
- Department of Clinical Studies; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square PA USA
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11
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Ollivaux C, Soyez D, Toullec JY. Biogenesis of d
-amino acid containing peptides/proteins: where, when and how? J Pept Sci 2014; 20:595-612. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ollivaux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227; Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff; CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex France
- CNRS, UMR 8227; Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff; CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex France
| | - Daniel Soyez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ER3; Biogenèse des signaux peptidiques; 7 Quai Saint Bernard F-75251 Paris cedex 05 France
- CNRS, ER3; Biogenèse des signaux peptidiques; 7 Quai Saint Bernard F-75251 Paris cedex 05 France
| | - Jean-Yves Toullec
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144; Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff; CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex France
- CNRS, UMR 7144; Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff; CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex France
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12
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Tom M, Manfrin C, Mosco A, Gerdol M, De Moro GDM, Pallavicini A, Giulianini PG. Different transcription regulation routes are exerted by L- and D-amino acid enantiomers of peptide hormones. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:4337-46. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.109140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Conversion of one or more amino acids in eukaryotic peptides to the D-configuration is catalyzed by specific L/D peptide isomerases and it is a poorly investigated post-translational modification. No common modified amino acid and no specific modified position have been recognized and mechanisms underlying changes in the peptide function provided by this conversion were not sufficiently studied. The 72 amino acid crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) of Astacidea crustaceans exhibits a co-existence of two peptide enantiomers alternately having D- or L-phenylalanine in their third position. It is a pleiotropic hormone regulating several physiological processes in different target tissues and along different time scales. CHH enantiomers differently affect time courses and intensities of examined processes. The short-term effects of the two isomers on gene expression are presented here, examined in the hepatopancreas, gills, hemocytes and muscles of the astacid Pontastacus leptodactylus. Muscles and hemocytes were poorly affected by both isomers. Two CHH modes of action were elucidated in the hepatopancreas and the gills: specific gene induction by D-CHH only, elucidated in both organs and mutual targeted attenuation affected by both enantiomers elucidated in the gills. Consequently a two-receptor system is hypothesized for conveying the effect of the two CHH isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Tom
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Israel
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13
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Wang CC, Hartmann-Fischbach P, Krueger TR, Wells TL, Feineman AR, Compton JC. Fast and sensitive analysis of dermorphin and HYP6-dermorphin in equine plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:342-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Wang
- Industrial Laboratories; 4046 Youngfield Street Wheat Ridge CO USA
| | | | - Tim R. Krueger
- Industrial Laboratories; 4046 Youngfield Street Wheat Ridge CO USA
| | - Terry L. Wells
- Industrial Laboratories; 4046 Youngfield Street Wheat Ridge CO USA
| | - Amy R. Feineman
- Industrial Laboratories; 4046 Youngfield Street Wheat Ridge CO USA
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14
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Pawlak T, Trzeciak-Karlikowska K, Czernek J, Ciesielski W, Potrzebowski MJ. Computed and Experimental Chemical Shift Parameters for Rigid and Flexible YAF Peptides in the Solid State. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1974-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular
and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, PL-90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jiri Czernek
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Square 2, CZ-16206 Praha 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Wlodzimierz Ciesielski
- Centre of Molecular
and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, PL-90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek J. Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular
and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, PL-90-363 Lodz, Poland
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15
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Ali SA, Salim S, Sahni T, Peter J, Ali AS. 5-HT receptors as novel targets for optimizing pigmentary responses in dorsal skin melanophores of frog, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 165:1515-25. [PMID: 21880033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Biochemical identification of 5-HT has revealed similar projection patterns across vertebrates. In CNS, 5-HT regulates major physiological functions but its peripheral functions are still emerging. The pharmacology of 5-HT is mediated by a diverse range of receptors that trigger different responses. Interestingly, 5-HT receptors have been detected in pigment cells indicating their role in skin pigmentation. Hence, we investigated the role of this monoaminergic system in amphibian pigment cells, melanophores, to further our understanding of its role in pigmentation biology together with its evolutionary significance. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pharmacological profiling of 5-HT receptors was achieved using potent/selective agonists and antagonists. In vitro responses of melanophores were examined by Mean Melanophores Size Index assay. The melanophores of lower vertebrates are highly sensitive to external stimuli. The immediate cellular responses to drugs were defined in terms of pigment translocation within the cells. KEY RESULTS 5-HT exerted strong concentration-dependent pigment dispersion at threshold dose of 1 × 10(-6) g·mL(-1). Specific 5-HT(1) and 5-HT(2) receptor agonists, sumatriptan and myristicin. also induced dose-dependent dispersion. Yohimbine and metergoline synergistically antagonized sumatriptan-mediated dispersion, whereas trazodone partially blocked myristicin-induced dispersion. Conversely, 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(4) receptor agonists, 1 (3 chlorophenyl) biguanide (1,3 CPB) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT), caused a dose-dependent pigment aggregation. The aggregatory effect of 1,3 CPB was completely blocked by ondansetron, whereas L-lysine partially blocked the effect of 5-MT. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results suggest that 5-HT-induced physiological effects are mediated via distinct classes of receptors, which possibly participate in the modulation of pigmentary responses in amphibian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharique A Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science, Bhopal, India.
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16
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Azevedo Calderon LD, Silva ADAE, Ciancaglini P, Stábeli RG. Antimicrobial peptides from Phyllomedusa frogs: from biomolecular diversity to potential nanotechnologic medical applications. Amino Acids 2010; 40:29-49. [PMID: 20526637 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Screening for new bioactive peptides in South American anurans has been pioneered in frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa. All frogs of this genus have venomous skin secretions, i.e., a complex mixture of bioactive peptides against potential predators and pathogens that presumably evolved in a scenario of predator-prey interaction and defense against microbial invasion. For every new anuran species studied new peptides are found, with homologies to hormones, neurotransmitters, antimicrobials, and several other peptides with unknown biological activity. From Vittorio Erspamer findings, this genus has been reported as a "treasure store" of bioactive peptides, and several groups focus their research on these species. From 1966 to 2009, more than 200 peptide sequences from different Phyllomedusa species were deposited in UniProt and other databases. During the last decade, the emergence of high-throughput molecular technologies involving de novo peptide sequencing via tandem mass spectrometry, cDNA cloning, pharmacological screening, and surface plasmon resonance applied to peptide discovery, led to fast structural data acquisition and the generation of peptide molecular libraries. Research groups on bioactive peptides in Brazil using these new technologies, accounted for the exponential increase of new molecules described in the last decade, much higher than in any previous decades. Recently, these secretions were also reported as a rich source of multiple antimicrobial peptides effective against multidrug resistant strains of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and virus, providing instructive lessons for the development of new and more efficient nanotechnological-based therapies for infectious diseases treatment. Therefore, novel drugs arising from the identification and analysis of bioactive peptides from South American anuran biodiversity have a promising future role on nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Medicina "Professor Dr. José Roberto Giglio" (CEBio), Núcleo de Saúde (NUSAU), Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, 76800-000, Brazil
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Wilczyńska D, Kosson P, Kwasiborska M, Ejchart A, Olma A. Synthesis and receptor binding of opioid peptide analogues containing beta3-homo-amino acids. J Pept Sci 2009; 15:777-82. [PMID: 19787815 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
beta-Amino acids containing hybrid peptides and beta-peptides show great potential as peptidomimetics. In this paper we describe the synthesis and affinity toward the micro- and delta-opioid receptors of beta-peptides, analogues of Leu-enkephalin, deltorphin I, dermorphin and alpha,beta-hybrides, analogues of deltorphin I. Substitution of alpha-amino acid residues with beta(3)-homo-amino acid residues, in general resulted in decrease of affinity to opioid receptors. However, the incorporation beta(3)h-D-Ala in position 2 or beta(3)hPhe in position 3 of deltorphin I resulted in potent and selective ligand for delta-opioid receptor. The NMR studies of beta-deltorphin I analogue suggest that conformational motions in the central part of the peptide backbone are partially restricted and some conformational preferences can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Wilczyńska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Jackway RJ, Maselli VM, Musgrave IF, Maclean MJ, Tyler MJ, Bowie JH. Skin peptides from anurans of the Litoria rubella Group: sequence determination using electrospray mass spectrometry. Opioid activity of two major peptides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1189-1195. [PMID: 19291693 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many species of frogs of the genus Litoria secrete bioactive peptides from their skin glands. These peptides are normally host-defence compounds and may have one, or more of the following activities; smooth muscle contraction, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, lymphocyte proliferator (immunomodulator) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inactivation. Two frog species of the Litoria rubella Group that have been studied before, namely, Litoria electrica and Litoria rubella, are different from other species of the genus Litoria in that they produce small peptides that show neither membrane, lymphocyte nor nNOS activity. In this study we have used electrospray mass spectrometry together with Edman sequencing to identify eight skin peptides of the third member of this Group, Litoria dentata: surprisingly, none of these peptides show activity in our biological screening program. However, two major peptides (FPWL-NH(2) and FPWP-NH(2)) from L. electrica and L. rubella are opioids at the micromolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Jackway
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Zugasti-Cruz A, Falcón A, Heimer de la Cotera EP, Olivera BM, Aguilar MB. Two new 4-Cys conotoxins (framework 14) of the vermivorous snail Conus austini from the Gulf of Mexico with activity in the central nervous system of mice. Peptides 2008; 29:179-85. [PMID: 18206266 PMCID: PMC2290852 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of continuing studies of the venom components present in Conus austini (syn.: Conus cancellatus), a vermivorous cone snail collected in the western Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, two major peptides, as14a and as14b, were purified and characterized. Their amino acid sequences were determined by automatic Edman sequencing after reduction and alkylation. Their molecular masses, established by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, confirmed the chemical analyses and indicated that as14a and as14b have free C-termini. Each peptide contains 4-Cys residues arranged in a pattern (C-C-C-C, framework 14). The primary structure of as14a is GGVGRCIYNCMNSGGGLNFIQCKTMCY (experimental monoisotopic mass 2883.92Da; calculated monoisotopic mass 2884.20Da), whereas that of as14b is RWDVDQCIYYCLNGVVGYSYTECQTMCT (experimental monoisotopic mass 3308.63Da; calculated monoisotopic mass 3308.34Da). Both purified peptides elicited scratching and grooming activity in mice, and as14b also caused body and rear limb extension and tail curling immediately upon injection. The high sequence similarity of peptide as14a with peptide vil14a from the vermivorous C. villepinii suggests that the former might block K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Zugasti-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F. 04510, México
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Marina, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Andrés Falcón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Marina, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Edgar P. Heimer de la Cotera
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Marina, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | | | - Manuel B. Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Marina, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
- * Corresponding author. Lab. B-01, Instituto de Neurobiología-UNAM. Campus UNAM-UAQ Juriquilla. Km 15 Carr. Querétaro-S.L.P., Juriquilla, Qro. 76230, México. Tel./Fax: + 52-442-238-1043. E-mail address: (M. B. Aguilar)
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Emel’yanova TG, Guzevatykh LS, Andreeva LA, Alfeeva LY, Myasoedov NF. The relationship between the structure of dermorphines and their thermoregulatory activity. BIOL BULL+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359007060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Kreil G. Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin: an overview. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 186:77-85; discussion 85-90. [PMID: 7768159 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514658.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, numerous peptides have been isolated from amphibian skin secretions. Many of these peptides were shown to be homologous to hormones and neurotransmitters of mammals. In recent years it has been shown that these secretions also contain a multitude of antimicrobial peptides. Most of these peptides are positively charged and have a propensity for forming an amphipathic helix. Other types of peptides have been detected as well, including one group which contain D-allo-isoleucine in their sequences. This work has mainly been done with three species from different families, Xenopus laevis, Bombina variegata and Rana esculenta. Each of these frogs produces distinct sets of peptides which are not related to those of other species. It can therefore be expected that many additional peptides with antimicrobial activity are present in amphibian species from other families.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kreil
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Salzburg
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22
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Clamagirand C, El Abida B, Der Garabedian PA, Hanquez C, Dubost L, Marie A, Rholam M, Friguet B, Cohen P. Endogenous C-terminal fragments of beta-amyloid precursor protein from Xenopus laevis skin exudate. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 146:530-9. [PMID: 17270477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using a monoclonal antibody against the entire C-terminal end of human APP(695) (643-695 sequence) and a monoclonal antibody directed against human beta[1-40] amyloid peptide (betaA), we show the existence of endogenous peptides proteolytically derived from APP in skin exudate of the non transgenic Xenopus laevis frog. The majority of the immunoreactivity is found associated with a 30 kDa molecular species. Biochemical fractionation followed by mass spectrometry identification allowed us to assign this molecular species to C-terminal APP fragments containing all or part of betaA. According to the nature of N- and C-terminal amino acids we identified endogenous beta-, gamma-, epsilon-secretase-like activities, caspase-like activity and numerous endogenous cleavage sites within the beta-amyloid sequence at same sites as those observed in human betaA sequence. All these homologies with human indicate that X. laevis skin exudate is a good natural model to study betaA metabolism. In this way, interestingly, we identified endogenous cleavages at prohormone convertase-like sites not yet described at the same sites in human. Finally, all identified peptide fragments were stably associated with a 20.2 kDa protein. These new observed features suggest new research pathways concerning human betaA metabolism and carriage of hydrophobic peptide fragments issued from APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Clamagirand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Signaux Régulateurs Cellulaires and Moléculaires, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, FRE 2621 CNRS, 96 Bd Raspail, Paris, F-75006 France.
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23
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Gromovykh PS, Andreeva LA, Alfeeva LY, Shevchenko VP, Shevchenko KV, Nagaev IY, Myasoedov NF, Guzevatykh LS, Voronina TA. Synthesis of tritium-labeled dermorphin fragments and kinetics of radioactivity distribution in rat organs upon intramuscular injection of these peptides. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362207010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Biondi L, Filira F, Giannini E, Gobbo M, Lattanzi R, Negri L, Rocchi R. Novel glycosylated [Lys7]-dermorphin analogues: synthesis, biological activity and conformational investigations. J Pept Sci 2007; 13:179-89. [PMID: 17177323 DOI: 10.1002/psc.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of the [Lys(7)]- and [Hyp(6),Lys(7)]-dermorphin analogues in which either Tyr(5) or Hyp(6) are O-glucosylated are described. For comparison, the carbohydrate-free peptides have also been prepared. Structural investigations by FT-IR and CD measurements were carried out on the synthetic analogues and some preliminary pharmacological experiments were also performed. The biological potency of the glucosylated analogues was compared with that of the micro-opioid receptor agonist dermorphin in GPI preparations. Glucosylation of either Tyr(5) or Hyp(6) reduces the potency of both [Lys(7)]-dermorphin and [Hyp(6),Lys(7)]-dermorphin. The effect induced by the Tyr(5) glucosylation is quite strong and the potency of both peptides is reduced by about 150 times. A similar but less dramatic effect is induced by the glucosylation of the Hyp(6) residue, and the potency of the parent peptide is reduced by about 15 times. The presence of acetyl groups on the sugar hydroxyl functions further reduces the agonistic potency of the glucosylated analogues. The analgesic potency of [Hyp(6),Lys(7)]-, [Hyp(betaGlc)(6),Lys(7)]- and [Tyr(betaGlc)(5),Lys(7)]-dermorphin were also tested in vivo by the tail-flick test. The glucosylated hydroxyproline-containing analogue is 8-10 times less active than the parent peptide, but its analgesic effect lasts significantly longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Biondi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Section of Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
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25
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Pukala TL, Bowie JH, Maselli VM, Musgrave IF, Tyler MJ. Host-defence peptides from the glandular secretions of amphibians: structure and activity. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:368-93. [PMID: 16741585 DOI: 10.1039/b512118n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Pukala
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
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26
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Auvynet C, Seddiki N, Dunia I, Nicolas P, Amiche M, Lacombe C. Post-translational amino acid racemization in the frog skin peptide deltorphin I in the secretion granules of cutaneous serous glands. Eur J Cell Biol 2005; 85:25-34. [PMID: 16373172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2005.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal glands of the South American hylid frog Phyllomedusa bicolor synthesize and expel huge amounts of cationic, alpha-helical, 24- to 33-residue antimicrobial peptides, the dermaseptins B. These glands also produce a wide array of peptides that are similar to mammalian hormones and neuropeptides, including a heptapeptide opioid containing a D-amino acid, deltorphin I (Tyr-DAla-Phe-Asp-Val-Val-Gly NH2). Its biological activity is due to the racemization of L-Ala2 to D-Ala. The dermaseptins B and deltorphins are all derived from a single family of precursor polypeptides that have an N-terminal preprosequence that is remarkably well conserved, although the progenitor sequences giving rise to mature opioid or antimicrobial peptides are markedly different. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used to examine the cellular and ultrastructural distributions of deltorphin I and dermaseptin B in the serous glands by immunofluoresence confocal microscopy and immunogold-electron microscopy. Preprodeltorphin I and preprodermaseptins B are sorted into the regulated pathway of secretion, where they are processed to give the mature products. Deltorphin I, [l-Ala2]-deltorphin I and dermaseptin B are all stored together in secretion granules which accumulate in the cytoplasm of all serous glands. We conclude that the L- to D-amino acid isomerization of the deltorphin I occurs in the secretory granules as a post-translational event. Thus the specificity of isomerization depends on the presence of structural and/or conformational determinants in the peptide N-terminus surrounding the isomerization site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Auvynet
- Peptidome de la peau d'amphibiens, FRE 2852, CNRS-Université Paris-6, Tour 43, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 Place Jussieu, F-75251 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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27
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Bryant SD, Jinsmaa Y, Salvadori S, Okada Y, Lazarus LH. Dmt and opioid peptides: a potent alliance. Biopolymers 2004; 71:86-102. [PMID: 12767112 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of the Dmt (2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine)-Tic pharmacophore into the design of opioid ligands produced an extraordinary family of potent delta-opioid receptor antagonists and heralded a new phase in opioid research. First reviewed extensively in 1998, the incorporation of Dmt into a diverse group of opioid molecules stimulated the opioid field leading to the development of unique analogues with remarkable properties. This overview will document the crucial role played by this residue in the proliferation of opioid peptides with high receptor affinity (K(i) equal to or less than 1 nM) and potent bioactivity. The discussion will include the metamorphosis between delta-opioid receptor antagonists to delta-agonists based solely on subtle structural changes at the C-terminal region of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore as well as their behavior in vivo. Dmt may be considered promiscuous due to the acquisition of potent mu-agonism by dermorphin and endomorphin derivatives as well as by a unique class of opioidmimetics containing two Dmt residues separated by alkyl or pyrazinone linkers. Structural studies on the Dmt-Tic compounds were enhanced tremendously by x-ray diffraction data for three potent and biologically diverse Dmt-Tic opioidmimetics that led to the development of pharmacophores for both delta-opioid receptor agonists and antagonists. Molecular modeling studies of other unique Dmt opioid analogues illuminated structural differences between delta- and mu-receptor ligand interactions. The future of these compounds as therapeutic applications for various medical syndromes including the control of cancer-associated pain is only a matter of time and perseverance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon D Bryant
- Peptide Neurochemistry, LCBRA, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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28
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Słabicki MM, Potrzebowski MJ, Bujacz G, Olejniczak S, Olczak J. X-ray and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Studies of Signalizing the Tripeptide Sequence (Tyr-D-Ala-Phe) of Dermorphin and Deltorphins I and II. Comparative Analysis in the Liquid and Solid Phases. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0372690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj M. Słabicki
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek J. Potrzebowski
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bujacz
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Sebastian Olejniczak
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Olczak
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, and “TriMen” Ltd. Company, ul. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
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Aldrich JV, Choi H, Murray TF. An affinity label for δ-opioid receptors derived from [d-Ala2]deltorphin I*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 63:108-15. [PMID: 15009532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of potential affinity label derivatives of the amphibian opioid peptide [D-Ala2]deltorphin I were prepared by incorporation at the para position of Phe3 (in the 'message' sequence) or Phe5 (in the 'address' sequence) of an electrophilic group (i.e. isothiocyanate or bromoacetamide). The introduction of the electrophile was accomplished by incorporating Fmoc-Phe(p-NHAlloc) into the peptide, followed later in the synthesis by selective deprotection of the Alloc group and modification of the resulting amine. While para substitution decreased the delta-opioid receptor affinity, selected analogs retained nanomolar affinity for delta receptors. [D-Ala2,Phe(p-NCS)3]deltorphin I exhibited moderate affinity (IC50=83 nM) and high selectivity for delta receptors, while the corresponding amine and bromoacetamide derivatives showed pronounced decreases in delta-receptor affinity (80- and >1200-fold, respectively, compared with [D-Ala2]deltorphin I). In the 'address' sequence, the Phe(p-NH2)5 derivative showed the highest delta-receptor affinity (IC50=32 nM), while the Phe(p-NHCOCH2Br)5 and Phe(p-NCS)5 peptides displayed four- and tenfold lower delta-receptor affinities, respectively. [D-Ala2,Phe(p-NCS)3]deltorphin I exhibited wash-resistant inhibition of [3H][D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) binding to delta receptors at a concentration of 80 nM. [D-Ala2, Phe(p-NCS)3]deltorphin I represents the first affinity label derivative of one of the potent and selective amphibian opioid peptides, and the first electrophilic affinity label derivative of an agonist containing the reactive functionality in the 'message' sequence of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA.
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30
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Olma A, Łachwa M, Lipkowski AW. The biological consequences of replacing hydrophobic amino acids in deltorphin I with amphiphilic alpha-hydroxymethylamino acids. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2003; 62:45-52. [PMID: 12787450 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2003.00067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
New analogues of deltorphin I (DT I), in which the Phe residue in position 3, and the Val residue in position 5 or 6 are replaced with respective amphiphilic alpha-hydroxymethylamino acid residues (HmAA), were synthesized and tested for receptor affinity and selectivity to mu and delta opioid receptors. The analogue with (R)-HmPhe at position 3 lost receptor selectivity, as a result of a partial decrease of affinity to delta and a significant increase of affinity to mu receptors. In contrast, an analogue with (S)-HmPhe in the same position, was very potent and more specific to delta receptors than parent DT I. The analogue with (R)-HmVal at position 5 expressed higher delta affinity and selectivity than parent DT I. The analogue with other possible isomer (S)-HmVal was less selective for delta opioid receptors, as a result of decreasing affinity to delta and increasing affinity to mu receptors. The analogues with (R)- or (S)-HmVal in position 6 expressed equally low receptor affinity and selectivity. The data obtained support a previously proposed model of active conformation of deltorphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olma
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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31
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Abstract
To study the structure-activity relationship of rubiscolins (YPLDLF and YPLDL), delta opioid peptides derived from the spinach Rubisco, we substituted the amino acid residues and evaluated their activities by mouse vas deferens (MVD) and guinea pig ileum (GPI) assays as well as receptor affinity. Replacement of Leu(3) with Ile and Met in rubiscolin-6 potentiated the delta opioid activity by about four times in MVD assay. Asp(4) cannot be replaced by Ala, Glu or His. The original Leu(5) was optimal, while substitution of Phe(6) with Val potentiated its delta opioid activity by more than 10 times. The most potent derivative we obtained was YPMDLV, which was nearly 20 times more potent than rubiscolin-6 in MVD assay. The derivatives thus obtained showed higher delta receptor affinity and more potent antinociceptive activity than rubiscolins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Yang
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
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32
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Biondi L, Giannini E, Filira F, Gobbo M, Marastoni M, Negri L, Scolaro B, Tomatisc R, Rocchi R. Synthesis, conformation and biological activity of dermorphin and deltorphin I analogues containingN-alkylglycine in place of residues in position 1, 3, 5 and 6. J Pept Sci 2003; 9:638-48. [PMID: 14620129 DOI: 10.1002/psc.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses are described of new dermorphin and [D-Ala2]deltorphin I analogues in which the phenylalanine, the tyrosine or the valine residues have been substituted by the corresponding N-alkylglycine residues. Structural investigations by CD measurements in different solvents and preliminary pharmacological experiments were carried out on the resulting peptide-peptoid hybrids. The contribution from aromatic side chain residues is prominent in the CD spectra of dermorphin analogues and the assignment of a prevailing secondary structure could be questionable. In the CD spectra of deltorphin analogues the aromatic contribution is lower and the dichroic curves indicate the predominance of random conformer populations. The disappearance of the aromatic contribution in the [Ntyr1,D-Ala2]-deltorphin spectrum could be explained in terms of high conformational freedom of the N-terminal residue. The kinetics of degradation of the synthetic peptoids digestion by rat and human plasma enzymes were compared with that of [Leu5]-enkephalin. The binding to opioid receptors was tested on crude membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the mu- and delta-opioid receptors. The biological potency of peptoids was compared with that of dermorphin in GPI preparations and with that of deltorphin I in MVD preparations. All the substitutions produced a dramatic decrease in the affinity of the peptide-peptoid hybrids for both the mu- and delta-opioid receptors. Nval5 and/or Nval6 containing hybrids behaved as mu-opioid receptor agonists and elicit a dose-dependent analgesia (tail-flick test) when injected i.c.v. in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Guinea Pigs
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- N-substituted Glycines/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Opioid Peptides
- Pain/drug therapy
- Protein Conformation
- Rats
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Biondi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Section of Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
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33
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Franzén HM, Bessidskaia G, Abedi V, Nilsson A, Nilsson M, Olsson L. Frakefamide, an Analgesic Tetrapeptide: Development of a Pilot-Plant-Scale Process. Org Process Res Dev 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/op020060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Franzén
- Process R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Vahak Abedi
- Process R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Process R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Maths Nilsson
- Process R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lars Olsson
- Process R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
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34
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D'Este L, Casini A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Cabib S, Tooyama I, Kimura H, Renda TG. Immunoreactive neurons in the brain of two mouse strains after incubation with an antiserum recognizing Asp-Val-Val-Gly.NH2 (DVVG), the C-terminal fragment of (D-Ala2)-deltorphin I. J Chem Neuroanat 2002; 24:189-98. [PMID: 12297265 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-0618(02)00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
D-Ala(2)-deltorphin I (DADTI) is a heptapeptide amide first extracted from frog skin that displays a high selectivity and affinity for delta opioid receptors. Previous studies using a polyclonal antiserum specific for its C-terminal tetrapeptide-amide (DVVG) have already described in rat and mouse brain the presence of immunoreactive neurons, most of them belonging to the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. C57BL/6J (C57) and DBA/2J (DBA) are two inbred strains of mice well known for showing marked genotype-dependent differences for phenotypes related to differential brain dopamine functioning. Brain specimens of both inbred mouse strains were frozen, cut and immunostained using the same antiserum. Some sections were also double immunostained with monoclonal anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). DVVG-immunoreactive neurons were observed among both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons. DVVG- and TH-immunoreactive neurons were observed among the dopaminergic A8, A9 and A10 mesencephalic nuclei. They were on average 21.9% more numerous in DBA than in C57 mice. DVVG-immunoreactive nerve fibres could be seen in limbic, striatal, cortical and thalamic areas. The distribution patterns of DVVG-IR and TH-IR nerve fibres differed most conspicuously within the infralimbic, prelimbic and cingulate cortices, forming a dense network in DBA but rare in C57 mice. Non-dopaminergic DVVG-immunoreactive neurons did not differ significantly in the two strains. Our finding that the number and distribution pattern of this dopaminergic neuronal subpopulation differed in the two mouse strains could provide morphological support for the known behavioural differences between the DBA and C57 strains under normal and experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana D'Este
- Department of Human Anatomy, University 'La Sapienza', via A Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy. loredana.deste@uniroma 1.it
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35
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Clamagirand C, Joulie C, Panchal M, Sekhri R, Hanquez C, Cohen P, Rholam M. Specific cleavage of beta-amyloid peptides by a metallopeptidase from Xenopus laevis skin secretions. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 132:751-9. [PMID: 12128061 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dactylysin (EC 3.5.24.60) is a metalloendopeptidase first isolated from the skin granular gland secretions of Xenopus laevis. This peptidase hydrolyzes bonds on the amino-terminus of singlets and between doublets of hydrophobic amino acids and was considered to play a role in the in vivo inactivation of biologically active regulatory peptides. Here, we show that dactylysin has also the ability to cleave human beta[1-40]-amyloid peptide and related peptides. Cleavage of the wild type beta[1-40]-amyloid peptide form, and to a lesser extent Flemish and Dutch mutants, occurred predominantly at the His14-Glu15 bond. We demonstrate that frog skin exudate contains a full-length amyloid protein precursor detected by immunochemical cross-reactivity with monoclonal antibody against C-terminal human amyloid protein precursor. The possibility that dactylysin, might be involved in normal catabolism of beta amyloid peptide of Xenopus laevis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Clamagirand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Signaux Régulateurs Cellulaires et Moléculaires, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7631 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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36
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Abstract
The term neuropeptides commonly refers to a relatively large number of biologically active molecules that have been localized to discrete cell populations of central and peripheral neurons. I review here the most important histological and functional findings on neuropeptide distribution in the central nervous system (CNS), in relation to their role in the exchange of information between the nerve cells. Under this perspective, peptide costorage (presence of two or more peptides within the same subcellular compartment) and coexistence (concurrent presence of peptides and other messenger molecules within single nerve cells) are discussed in detail. In particular, the subcellular site(s) of storage and sorting mechanisms within neurons are thoroughly examined in the view of the mode of release and action of neuropeptides as neuronal messengers. Moreover, the relationship of neuropeptides and other molecules implicated in neural transmission is discussed in functional terms, also referring to the interactions with novel unconventional transmitters and trophic factors. Finally, a brief account is given on the presence of neuropeptides in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, Rita Levi-Montalcini Center for Brain Repair, University of Torino, UE, Italy.
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37
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Maldonado R, Severini C, Matthes HW, Kieffer BL, Melchiorri P, Negri L. Activity of mu- and delta-opioid agonists in vas deferens from mice deficient in MOR gene. Br J Pharmacol 2001. [PMID: 11264242 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703966].] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor have been recently generated. Centrally mediated responses of mu-opioid agonists are suppressed whereas some of the delta-opioid responses are preserved in these mutant mice. 2. The vas deferens bioassay has been used in this study to investigate the functional activity at a peripheral level of mu- and delta-opioid agonists in mice lacking mu-opioid receptors. 3. The different mu-opioid agonists evaluated, morphine, DAMGO, dermorphin and [Lys(7)]-dermorphin produced an inhibitory response in vas deferens from wild-type mice but had no relevant activity on vas deferens from mutant mice. 4. The selective delta-opioid agonists DPDPE, BUBU, deltorphin I, deltorphin II and [D-Met(2)]-deltorphin induced inhibitory effects in vas deferens from both wild-type and mutant mice. However, the biological activities of these ligands were slightly reduced in preparations from mutant mice. The inhibitory responses of all these delta-opioid agonists were prevented by the administration of the selective delta-opioid antagonist naltrindole. 5. These data indicate that delta-opioid agonists, but not mu-opioid agonists, are biologically active in vas deferens from mice lacking mu-opioid receptors. The decreased response of delta-agonists in mutant mice suggests that some cooperativity may exist between mu- and delta-opioid receptors in these vas deferens preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maldonado
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Facultat de Ciences de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, c/Dr Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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38
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Maldonado R, Severini C, Matthes HW, Kieffer BL, Melchiorri P, Negri L. Activity of mu- and delta-opioid agonists in vas deferens from mice deficient in MOR gene. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:1485-92. [PMID: 11264242 PMCID: PMC1572701 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor have been recently generated. Centrally mediated responses of mu-opioid agonists are suppressed whereas some of the delta-opioid responses are preserved in these mutant mice. 2. The vas deferens bioassay has been used in this study to investigate the functional activity at a peripheral level of mu- and delta-opioid agonists in mice lacking mu-opioid receptors. 3. The different mu-opioid agonists evaluated, morphine, DAMGO, dermorphin and [Lys(7)]-dermorphin produced an inhibitory response in vas deferens from wild-type mice but had no relevant activity on vas deferens from mutant mice. 4. The selective delta-opioid agonists DPDPE, BUBU, deltorphin I, deltorphin II and [D-Met(2)]-deltorphin induced inhibitory effects in vas deferens from both wild-type and mutant mice. However, the biological activities of these ligands were slightly reduced in preparations from mutant mice. The inhibitory responses of all these delta-opioid agonists were prevented by the administration of the selective delta-opioid antagonist naltrindole. 5. These data indicate that delta-opioid agonists, but not mu-opioid agonists, are biologically active in vas deferens from mice lacking mu-opioid receptors. The decreased response of delta-agonists in mutant mice suggests that some cooperativity may exist between mu- and delta-opioid receptors in these vas deferens preparations.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electric Stimulation
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/pharmacology
- Female
- Genotype
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/deficiency
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maldonado
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Facultat de Ciences de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, c/Dr Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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39
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Arttamangkul S, Alvarez-Maubecin V, Thomas G, Williams JT, Grandy DK. Binding and internalization of fluorescent opioid peptide conjugates in living cells. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 58:1570-80. [PMID: 11093798 DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.6.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of agonist-stimulated opioid receptor internalization and trafficking have been difficult to study in living cells in part because the available probes were inadequate. To overcome this obstacle, six new fluorescent opioid peptides were developed. Dermorphin (DERM), deltorphin (DELT), TIPP, and endomorphin were conjugated to BODIPY TR or Alexa Fluor 488, two fluorescent dyes with distinct hydrophobic properties. In membrane binding assays the fluorescent conjugates DERM-A488 or -BTR, DELT-A488 or -BTR, and TIPP-A488 displayed good binding affinity and selectivity for mu- and delta-opioid receptor subtypes. Furthermore, the fluorescent conjugates of dermorphin and deltorphin were biologically active as demonstrated by their ability to hyperpolarize locus coeruleus neurons (DERM-A488 or -BTR) and inhibit calcium currents in NG108-15 (DELT-A488). Both of these responses were antagonized by naloxone. In conjunction with confocal fluorescent microscopy the trafficking of these fluorescent ligands was monitored in real-time. The internalization of these ligands by mu- and delta-opioid receptors was found to be naloxone-sensitive and temperature-dependent. Interestingly, once these ligands were internalized the fluorescent puncta that formed became distributed in one of two patterns. In Chinese hamster ovary cells heterologously expressing either mu- or delta-opioid receptors the intracellular puncta were concentrated in the perinuclear region of the cell, whereas they were distributed throughout the cytoplasm in cells derived from either NG108-15 or SH-SY5Y cells. In summary, we have demonstrated that these novel, fluorescent opioid peptide conjugates permit real-time visual tracking of receptor-ligand complexes, including their internalization and trafficking, in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arttamangkul
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
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40
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Tooyama I, Abe H, Renda TG, Kimura H. Production and immunohistochemical application of antiserum against Tyr-D-Ala-Phe, a N-terminal tripeptide common to dermorphin/deltorphin family. Peptides 2000; 21:1649-55. [PMID: 11090918 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tyr-D-Ala-Phe is a N-terminal sequence commonly found in a peptide family including dermorphin and deltorphin. The tripeptide was synthesized and conjugated with poly L-lysine. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated that approximately 38 molecules of the tripeptide were bound to each molecule of poly L-lysine. The conjugate was used to immunize rabbits, and high titer antisera were obtained. An IgG fraction was purified by protein G affinity chromatography. A specific antibody to the tripeptide was then obtained by affinity chromatography using formylcellulofine conjugated with Tyr-D-Ala-Phe. On immunospot assay, the best IgG antibody was capable of detecting 125 ng of Tyr-D-Ala-Phe but failed to react even with 2.0 microg of Tyr-L-Ala-Phe or poly L-lysine. Our immunohistochemical examination selectively localized the secretory glands of frog skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, 520-2192, Otsu, Japan.
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41
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Abstract
In 1980 the skin of certain frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusinae was found to contain two new peptides that proved to be selective mu-opioid agonists, and named dermorphins. Since 1987 deltorphins, a family of highly selective delta-opioid peptides were identified either by cloning of the cDNA from frog skins or isolation of the peptides. The distinctive feature of opioid peptides is the presence of a naturally occurring D-enantiomer at the second position in their common N-terminal sequence, Tyr-D-Xaa-Phe. The discovery of the amphibian opiate peptides, provided new insights into the functional role of the mu- and delta-opiate systems. It also provided models for novel analgesics with enhanced therapeutic benefits and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Negri
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University "La Sapienza," P.le Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy.
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42
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Yu S, Zhao T, Fan M, Tooyama I, Kimura H, Renda TG. Production of monoclonal antibody to deltorphin-I and its immunocytochemical application to adult rat brain and cultured rat brain neurons. Peptides 2000; 21:1657-62. [PMID: 11090919 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal anti-deltorphin-I antibody specifically recognizing its NH2-terminal region was produced. In the adult rat brain sections, it recognized immunoreactive nerve fibers mainly in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, central nucleus of amygdala, lateral hypothalamus, hippocampus, substantia nigra, periaqueductal gray and locus ceruleus. Occasionally, positive somata were localized in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, central nucleus of amygdala, supraoptic and periventricular nuclei. In primarily cultured neurons from various brain regions of new-born rats, the antibody immunostained strongly neuronal somata and processes. The abundant DADTI-immunoreactive substance in the cultured neurons promises to provide an alternative pathway to search for the counterpart of deltorphins in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yu
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, 100850, Beijing, China.
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43
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Lacombe C, Cifuentes-Diaz C, Dunia I, Auber-Thomay M, Nicolas P, Amiche M. Peptide secretion in the cutaneous glands of South American tree frog Phyllomedusa bicolor: an ultrastructural study. Eur J Cell Biol 2000; 79:631-41. [PMID: 11043404 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the dermal glands of the arboreal frog Phyllomedusa bicolor was investigated by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. The 3 types of glands (mucous, lipid and serous) differed in size and secretory activity. The mucous and serous glands were apparent in the tadpole skin, whereas the lipid glands developed later in ontogenesis. The peptide antibiotics dermaseptins and the D-amino acid-containing peptide opioids dermorphins and deltorphins are abundant in the skin secretions of P. bicolor. Although these peptides differ in their structure and activity they are derived from precursors that have very similar preproregions. We used an antibody to the common preproregion of preprodermaseptins and preprodeltorphins and immunofluorescence analysis to show that only the serous glands are specifically involved in the biosynthesis and secretion of dermaseptins and deltorphins. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the serous glands of P bicolor have morphological features, especially the secretory granules, which differ from those of the glands in Xenopus laevis skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lacombe
- Laboratoire de Bioactivation des Peptides, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
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44
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Amiche M, Seon AA, Wroblewski H, Nicolas P. Isolation of dermatoxin from frog skin, an antibacterial peptide encoded by a novel member of the dermaseptin genes family. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:4583-92. [PMID: 10880984 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 32-residue peptide, named dermatoxin, has been extracted from the skin of a single specimen of the tree frog Phyllomedusa bicolor, and purified to homogeneity using a four-step protocol. Mass spectral analysis and sequencing of the purified peptide, as well as chemical synthesis and cDNA analysis were consistent with the structure: SLGSFLKGVGTTLASVGKVVSDQF GKLLQAGQ. This peptide proved to be bactericidal towards mollicutes (wall-less eubacteria) and Gram-positive eubacteria, and also, though to a lesser extent, towards Gram-negative eubacteria. Measurement of the bacterial membrane potential revealed that the plasma membrane is the primary target of dermatoxin. Observation of bacterial cells using reflected light fluorescence microscopy after DNA-staining was consistent with a mechanism of cell killing based upon the alteration of membrane permeability rather than membrane solubilization, very likely by forming ion-conducting channels through the plasma membrane. CD spectroscopy and secondary structure predictions indicated that dermatoxin assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation in low polarity media which mimic the lipophilicity of the membrane of target microorganisms. PCR analysis coupled with cDNA cloning and sequencing revealed that dermatoxin is expressed in the skin, the intestine and the brain. Preprodermatoxin from the brain and the intestine have the same sequence as the skin preproform except for two amino-acid substitutions in the preproregion of the brain precursor. The dermatoxin precursor displayed the characteristic features of preprodermaseptins, a family of peptide precursors found in the skin of Phyllomedusa ssp. Precursors of this family have a common N-terminal preproregion followed by markedly different C-terminal domains that give rise to 19-34-residue peptide antibiotics named dermaseptins B and phylloxin, and to the D-amino-acid-containing opioid heptapeptides dermorphins and deltorphins. Because the structures and cidal mechanisms of dermatoxin, dermaseptins B and phylloxin are very different, dermatoxin extends the repertoire of structurally and functionally diverse peptides derived from the rapidly evolving C-terminal domains of precursors of the dermaseptins family.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amiche
- Laboratoire de Bioactivation des Peptides, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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45
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Hauser KF, Houdi AA, Turbek CS, Elde RP, Maxson W. Opioids intrinsically inhibit the genesis of mouse cerebellar granule neuron precursors in vitro: differential impact of mu and delta receptor activation on proliferation and neurite elongation. Eur J Neurosci 2000; 12:1281-93. [PMID: 10762357 PMCID: PMC4306580 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.01015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although opioids are known to affect neurogenesis in vivo, it is uncertain the extent to which opioids directly or indirectly affect the proliferation, differentiation or death of neuronal precursors. To address these questions, the intrinsic role of the opioid system in neurogenesis was systematically explored in cerebellar external granular layer (EGL) neuronal precursors isolated from postnatal mice and maintained in vitro. Isolated neuronal precursors expressed proenkephalin-derived peptides, as well as specific mu and delta, but negligible kappa, opioid receptors. The developmental effects of opioids were highly selective. Morphine-induced mu receptor activation inhibited DNA synthesis, while a preferential delta2-receptor agonist ([D-Ala2]-deltorphin II) or Met-enkephalin, but not the delta1 agonist [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin, inhibited differentiation within the same neuronal population. If similar patterns occur in the developing cerebellum, spatiotemporal differences in endogenous mu and delta opioid ligand-receptor interactions may coordinate distinct aspects of granule neuron maturation. The data additionally suggest that perinatal exposure to opiate drugs of abuse directly interfere with cerebellar maturation by disrupting normal opioid signalling and inhibiting the proliferation of granule neuron precursors.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antimetabolites/metabolism
- Antimetabolites/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism
- Bromodeoxyuridine/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Division/physiology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebellum/chemistry
- Cerebellum/cytology
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, Methionine/pharmacology
- Enkephalins/analysis
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Neurites/physiology
- Neurites/ultrastructure
- Neurons/chemistry
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/ultrastructure
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Opioid-Related Disorders/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/analysis
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/analysis
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/immunology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/analysis
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/immunology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Stem Cells/chemistry
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Hauser
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
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46
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Seon AA, Pierre TN, Redeker V, Lacombe C, Delfour A, Nicolas P, Amiche M. Isolation, structure, synthesis, and activity of a new member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family from frog skin and molecular cloning of its precursor. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:5934-40. [PMID: 10681586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.8.5934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide has been extracted from the skin exudate of a single living specimen of the frog Phyllomedusa bicolor and purified to homogeneity by a two-step protocol. A total volume of 250 microl of exudate yielded 380 microg of purified peptide. Mass spectrometric analysis and gas phase sequencing of the purified peptide as well as chemical synthesis and cDNA analysis were consistent with the structure SCDTSTCATQRLADFLSRSGGIGSPDFVPTDVSANSF amide and the presence of a disulfide bridge linking Cys(2) and Cys(7). The skin peptide, named skin calcitonin gene-related peptide, differs significantly from all other members of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family of peptides at nine positions but binds with high affinity to calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the rat brain and acts as an agonist in the rat vas deferens bioassay with potencies equal to those of human CGRP. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction coupled with cDNA cloning and sequencing demonstrated that skin calcitonin gene-related peptide isolated in the skin is identical to that present in the frog's central and enteric nervous systems. These data, which indicate for the first time the existence of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the frog skin, add further support to the brain-skin-gut triangle hypothesis as a useful tool in the identification and/or isolation of mammalian peptides that are present in the brain and other tissues in only minute quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Seon
- Laboratoire de Bioactivation des Peptides, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Park M, Tokunaga Y, Kimura H, Tooyama I, Maeda T, Renda TG. Ontogeny of (D-Ala(2))-deltorphin I-like immunoreactive neurones in foetal rat brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2000; 18:11-22. [PMID: 10708915 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-0618(99)00045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Foetal rat brain from embryonic day (ED) 12-22 was immunohistochemically studied to describe the time of first appearance and further distribution patterns of (D-Ala(2))-deltorphin-I-immunoreactive (DADTI-IR) nerve elements. The primary antiserum used in this study was a polyclonal antibody against DADTI previously used in adult and postnatal rat brain mapping. DADTI-IR nerve elements first appeared in the neuroepithelium of ventral mesencephalon on ED 13. From there, positive cell bodies migrated towards the mantle layer until they invaded the whole ventral mesencephalic tegmentum. They then reached their definitive position, corresponding to a subpopulation of the A8, A9 and A10 dopaminergic neurones that had been constantly observed also in the adult age. From ED 15-17, DADTI-positive nerve fibres appeared in the medial forebrain bundle, the neostriatum anlage, the accumbens nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, the fasciculus retroflexus, and the prefrontal cortex. All these locations have also been found in adult rats. From ED 14 onwards, transient DADTI-IR somata and nerve fibres were observed in retinal neuroepithelium, optic pathways as far as the superior colliculus, CA3 hippocampal field, reticular formation in the medulla oblongata. All these locations gradually disappeared either before birth (medulla oblongata) or within the first 3 weeks after birth. These results suggest that the DADT-like molecule recognised by our antibody has during the embryonic development a regulatory function in neuronal growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Park
- Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Pierre TN, Seon AA, Amiche M, Nicolas P. Phylloxin, a novel peptide antibiotic of the dermaseptin family of antimicrobial/opioid peptide precursors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:370-8. [PMID: 10632707 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of peptide precursors that have very similar N-terminal preprosequences followed by markedly different C-terminal domains has been identified in the skin of hylid frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusinae. Biologically active peptides derived from the variable domains include the dermaseptins, 28-34-residue peptides that have a broad-spectrum microbicidal activity, and dermorphin and the deltorphins, D-amino acid containing heptapeptides that are very potent agonists for the micro-opioid and delta-opioid receptors, respectively. This report describes the isolation, synthesis and cloning of phylloxin, a prototypical member of a novel family of antimicrobial peptides derived from the processing of a dermaseptin/dermorphin-like precursor. The structure of phylloxin (GWMSKIASGIGTFLSGIQQ amide) shows no homology to the dermaseptins, but bears some resemblance to the levitide-precursor fragment and the xenopsin-precursor fragment, two antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of an evolutionarily distant frog species, Xenopus laevis. Circular dichroism spectra of phylloxin in low polarity medium, which mimics the lipophilicity of the membrane of target microorganisms, indicated 60-70% alpha-helical conformation, and predictions of secondary structure suggested that the peptide can be configured as an amphipathic helix spanning residues 1-19. Phylloxin is an addition to the structurally and functionally diverse peptide families encoded by the rapidly evolving C-terminal domains of the dermorphin/dermaseptin group of precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Pierre
- Laboratoire de Bioactivation des Peptides, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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Saviano G, Crescenzi O, Picone D, Temussi P, Tancredi T. Solution structure of human beta-endorphin in helicogenic solvents: an NMR study. J Pept Sci 1999; 5:410-22. [PMID: 10526884 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199909)5:9<410::aid-psc216>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Beta-endorphin is the largest natural opioid peptide. The knowledge of its bioactive conformation might be very important for the indirect mapping of the active site of opioid receptors. We have studied beta-endorphin in a variety of solution conditions with the goal of testing the intrinsic tendency of its sequence to assume a regular fold. We ran NMR experiments in water, dimethylsulfoxide and aqueous mixtures of methanol, ethylene glycol, trifluoroethanol, hexafluoracetone trihydrate and dimethylsulfoxide. The solvent in which the peptide is more ordered is the hexafluoracetone trihydrate/water mixture. The helical structure detected for beta-endorphin in this mixture at 300 K extends for the greater part of its address domain, hinting at a possible mechanism of interaction with opioid receptors: a two-point attachment involving an interaction of the helical part of the address domain (PLVTLFKNAIIKNAY) with one of the transmembrane helices and a classical interaction of the message domain (YGGF) with the receptor subsite common to all opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saviano
- Università del Molise, Isernia, Italy
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Amiche M, Seon AA, Pierre TN, Nicolas P. The dermaseptin precursors: a protein family with a common preproregion and a variable C-terminal antimicrobial domain. FEBS Lett 1999; 456:352-6. [PMID: 10462042 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Preprodermaseptins are a group of antimicrobial peptide precursors found in the skin of a variety of frog species. Precursors of this family have very similar N-terminal preprosequences followed by markedly different C-terminal domains that correspond to mature antimicrobial peptides. Some of these peptides are 24-34 amino acids long and form well-behaved amphipathic alpha-helices, others are disulfide-linked peptides of 20-46 residues, still others, highly hydrophobic, are the smallest antimicrobial peptides known so far being only 10-13 residues in length. All these peptides are broad-spectrum microbicides that kill many bacteria, protozoa, yeasts and fungi by destroying or permeating the microbial membrane. In frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusinae, preprodermaseptins encoded peptides also include dermorphins and deltorphins, D-amino acid-containing heptapeptides which are very potent and specific agonists of the mu- or delta-opioid receptors. The remarkable similarity between preproregions of precursors that give rise to peptides with very different primary structures, conformations and activities suggests that the corresponding genes originate from a common ancestor. The high conservation of the precursor prepropart indicates that this region must have an important function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amiche
- Laboratoire de Bioactivation des Peptides, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris 7, France
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