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Correia JC, Golay A, Lachat S, Singh SB, Manandhar V, Jha N, Chappuis F, Beran D. "If you will counsel properly with love, they will listen": A qualitative analysis of leprosy affected patients' educational needs and caregiver perceptions in Nepal. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210955. [PMID: 30726259 PMCID: PMC6364891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy remains a disease of concern in many countries including Nepal. To achieve the target of elimination, the WHO strategy promotes comprehensive education of patients, healthcare workers (HCWs), and the public on leprosy-related issues. However most educational programs are based on the concerns of HCWs and not on patients' needs. The objective of this paper is to explore the educational needs of leprosy affected patients in Nepal and compare them to the needs perceived by HCWs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Semi directive interviews were conducted with patients and HCWs. The data was analyzed using the basic interpretative qualitative framework. The study was conducted in two leprosy referral centers, one university hospital and one primary health care center: Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital and Services Centre, Anandaban Hospital and its satellite clinic in Patan, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences in Dharan, and the Itahari primary health care centre. The results show that there remains a lack of knowledge regarding the disease (origins, manifestations, prevention and treatment) contributing to late care seeking behavior and high levels of stigma, with an important psychological and financial stress for patients. All of the HCWs displayed a good understanding of patients' difficulties and needs and acknowledged the key role of patient education. However, they expressed several challenges in managing patients due to lack of time, human resources and training in patient education. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Further efforts need to be made to increase patients' general knowledge of the disease in order to motivate them to seek healthcare earlier and change their perception of the disease to reduce stigma. HCWs need proper training in patient education and counseling for them to acquire the necessary skills required to address the different educational needs of their patients. The use of lay and peer counselors would be an option to address the workload and lack of time expressed by HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge César Correia
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Alain Golay
- Division of Therapeutic Patient Education for Chronic Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Lachat
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Suman Bahadur Singh
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Varsha Manandhar
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Nilambar Jha
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - François Chappuis
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Helgeson VS, Mascatelli K, Reynolds KA, Becker D, Escobar O, Siminerio L. Friendship and romantic relationships among emerging adults with and without type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 40:359-72. [PMID: 25157071 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether friendship and romantic relationships of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes differed from those of a comparison group, and to determine whether these relationships were associated with psychological and diabetes health outcomes. METHODS High school seniors with (n = 122) and without (n = 118) type 1 diabetes were assessed annually for 3 years. Friend and romantic relationship variables, psychological distress, life satisfaction, eating disturbances, and, for those with diabetes, diabetes outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Those with diabetes reported less friend support but similar friend conflict compared with controls. Aspects of romantic relationships and friend relationships were associated with health outcomes, but there were more effects involving romantic relationships. On some indices, romantic support was more beneficial for controls and romantic conflict was more troublesome for those with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Both friendship and romantic relationships were associated with psychological and diabetes outcomes among emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Helgeson
- Carnegie Mellon University, The Rand Corporation, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| | - Katilyn Mascatelli
- Carnegie Mellon University, The Rand Corporation, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| | - Kerry A Reynolds
- Carnegie Mellon University, The Rand Corporation, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| | - Dorothy Becker
- Carnegie Mellon University, The Rand Corporation, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| | - Oscar Escobar
- Carnegie Mellon University, The Rand Corporation, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| | - Linda Siminerio
- Carnegie Mellon University, The Rand Corporation, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
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Kesten KS. Role-Play Using SBAR Technique to Improve Observed Communication Skills in Senior Nursing Students. J Nurs Educ 2011; 50:79-87. [DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20101230-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kounenou K, Aikaterini K, Georgia K. Nurses’ Communication Skills: Exploring Their Relationship With Demographic Variables and Job Satisfaction in a Greek Sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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King EB, Gregory RP, Schlundt DG, Garton R, Fielder MT, Snow DC, Pichert JW. The Effect of Problem-Solving Training on the Counseling Skills of Telephonic Nurse Care Managers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 23:229-37. [PMID: 17909326 DOI: 10.1097/01.nnd.0000294929.99048.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nurses increasingly use telephonic assessment and counseling to manage clients with a variety of chronic illnesses. This article describes a study designed to assess a group of telephonic nurse disease managers' teaching and adherence promotion skills during actual patient interactions. Nurse care managers showed improvements after training in four main counseling skills categories, with a decrease in time spent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Boswell King
- Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA.
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Caris-Verhallen W, Timmermans L, van Dulmen S. Observation of nurse-patient interaction in oncology: review of assessment instruments. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2004; 54:307-320. [PMID: 15324982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2003] [Revised: 12/05/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to identify assessment instruments that can be used for analyzing sequences and can be applied to research into nurse-patient communication in cancer care. A systematic search of the literature revealed a variety of methods and instruments applicable to studies recording nurse-patient interaction. The studies that were qualitative in nature offered valuable information on observational research in general, on procedures relating to informed consent and observational arrangements in nursing practice. The quantitative studies provided an insight into the content and structure of the interaction by describing communication concepts or by frequency counts of previously determined behaviours. Systematic research into interaction sequences was not found. However, some of the quantitative instruments identified could be adapted for this purpose. The complexity and time-consuming nature of observational research highlight the need for efficiency. For instance a combination of quantitative and qualitative instruments could be considered.
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King EB, Schlundt DG, Pichert JW, Kinzer CK, Backer BA. Improving the skills of health professionals in engaging patients in diabetes-related problem solving. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2002; 22:94-102. [PMID: 12099125 DOI: 10.1002/chp.1340220205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite instruction, many patients do not employ diabetes-related self-management skills recommended by health professionals. One problem suggested by research is that many health professionals do not often use teaching and counseling skills widely considered to be effective. Among these are specific skills that help health professionals conduct adherence-related assessments, brainstorm workable solutions to obstacles, collaborate during long-term follow-up, and provide effective direct instruction. METHODS "Effective Patient Teaching and Problem Solving" was developed and taught in a block of 24 hours over 3 days to groups of health professionals. Course content emphasized 13 operationally defined skills in four major categories: (A) assessment, (B) brainstorming, (C) collaboration, and (D) direct instruction skills. To evaluate participants' (n = 33) use of the various skills, a standardized patient teaching exercise was videotaped at both the beginning and end of the course. RESULTS Total mean scores increased significantly (t = 7.7, p < .001) from 1.8 to 2.5 on a scale that ranged from 1 to 5. Skills improved in all four major categories (p < .003). The length of teaching sessions did not change, lasting 13.2 minutes before the course and 13.6 minutes after the intervention. DISCUSSION Health professionals play a crucial role in patient education but rarely receive training in effective teaching and counseling techniques. The "Effective Patient Teaching and Problem Solving" course improved several kinds of important skills. As standards of diabetes care for improved glycemic control become more widespread, and as health providers attempt not just to teach but also to help patients overcome considerable obstacles to consistent diabetes self-management, a premium will be placed on the ability of health professionals to counsel efficiently and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Boswell King
- Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, 315 Medical Arts Building, 1211 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Lorenz RA, Gregory RP, Davis DL, Schlundt DG, Wermager J. Diabetes training for dietitians: needs assessment, program description, and effects on knowledge and problem solving. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2000; 100:225-8. [PMID: 10670396 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(00)00068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent changes in management and medical nutrition therapy for diabetes mellitus have produced a need to retrain many practicing dietitians. To meet this need, a multidisciplinary group experienced in medical nutrition therapy and educational methods used a formal needs-assessment process to design a new training program. Sugar is Not a Poison (SNAP): The Dietitian's New Role in Diabetes Management is a 2 1/2-day program that uses written text, didactic presentation, and exercises that simulate patient encounters to accomplish 12 learning objectives. Program evaluations show high levels of participant satisfaction. Mean (+/- standard deviation) scores on pre- and postests of knowledge and problem solving were 69 +/- 13% and 86 +/- 9%, respectively (P < 0.01). The SNAP program needs assessment, training methods, and knowledge problem-solving test are relevant to all types of education programs in clinical dietetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lorenz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, IL 61637, USA
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Kruijver IP, Kerkstra A, Francke AL, Bensing JM, van de Wiel HB. Evaluation of communication training programs in nursing care: a review of the literature. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2000; 39:129-145. [PMID: 11013554 DOI: 10.1016/s0738-3991(99)00096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An important aspect of nursing care is communication with patients. Nurses' major communication tasks are not only to inform the patient about his/her disease and treatment, but also to create a therapeutically effective relationship by assessing patients' concerns, showing understanding, empathy, and providing comfort and support. In this review, 14 studies, which focus on the evaluation of the effects of communication training programs for nurses, have been evaluated. The selected studies were screened on several independent, process and outcome variables as described by Francke et al. [8]. In this way not only is the training program taken into account as a variable which may be responsible for nurses' behavioural change and for changes in patient outcomes, but also a range of other variables which can give more nuanced explanations for a training program's degree of effectiveness. On the whole, the studies reviewed showed limited or no effects on nurses' skills, on nurses' behavioural changes in practice, and on patient outcomes. Finally, the majority of the studies had a weak design. The use of experimental research designs should be pursued in future studies in order to eliminate the influence of confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Kruijver
- NIVEL, Netherlands Institute of Primary Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Many gastroenterology treatments would be minimally effective if patients did not adhere to prescribed therapeutic regimens. However, considerable evidence exists that patients often do not adhere. Factors associated with nonadherence include the physician's or other health care provider's behavior, the prescribed regimen, and the illness. These factors affect patient adherence such that: 1) patients do not have the skills or knowledge necessary to complete an assignment; 2) patients do not believe that they will be helped by the prevention or intervention activity, or they do not accept the activity because they do not believe that its value will outweigh its costs; and 3) patients' environments are not supportive of, or interfere with, adherence. Strategies that can increase adherence include attention to the physician/patient relationship, direct skill training, setting up a reward structure, and reminders, among others. Specific methods that gastroenterology health care providers can utilize to enhance adherence in their practice are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Levy
- University of Washington and Division of Gastroenterology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle 98105-6299, USA
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Visser A, Herbert C. Beyond the hospital: the role of public information campaigns, general practitioners, pharmacists, laypersons and patient associations in patient education and counseling. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 1994; 24:97-100. [PMID: 7746768 DOI: 10.1016/0738-3991(94)90002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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