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Pastor IJ, Laso FJ, Inés S, Marcos M, González-Sarmiento R. Genetic association between −93A/G polymorphism in the Fyn kinase gene and alcohol dependence in Spanish men. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 24:191-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundFyn tyrosine kinase is a member of the Scr family that phosphorylates the NR2A and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptors reducing the inhibitory effects of ethanol and therefore may regulate the individual sensitivity to ethanol.ObjectivesTo investigate whether there is any relationship between the polymorphism at position −93 of the Fyn kinase gene and the susceptibility to develop alcoholism.MethodsWe studied the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the polymorphism −93A/G (137346 T/C) in the 5′ UTR region of the fyn gene in 207 male heavy drinkers (119 with alcohol dependence and 88 with alcohol abuse) and 100 control subjects from Castilla y León (Spain).ResultsThe frequency of G allele carriers was higher in alcohol dependents than in alcohol abusers (47.9% vs 30.6%; p = 0.015; OR = 2.077; 95% CI 1.165–3.704).ConclusionOur results show that the −93G allele of Fyn kinase gene is associated with higher risk to develop alcohol dependence in Spanish men.
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Cao L, Guo B, Kang R, Yang M, Zhang Z, Wu X. Identification of a 2-cM minimal deletion at 6q16.3-21 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45:732-3. [PMID: 16086424 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schumann G, Rujescu D, Kissling C, Soyka M, Dahmen N, Preuss UW, Wieman S, Depner M, Wellek S, Lascorz J, Bondy B, Giegling I, Anghelescu I, Cowen MS, Poustka A, Spanagel R, Mann K, Henn FA, Szegedi A. Analysis of genetic variations of protein tyrosine kinase fyn and their association with alcohol dependence in two independent cohorts. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:1422-6. [PMID: 14675807 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased sensitivity to and increased tolerance for the effects of alcohol is a phenotype, which was shown to be associated with an increased risk for alcoholism in humans and was observed in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) fyn knockout mice. METHODS We performed an association study of genetic variations of PTK fyn in 430 alcohol-dependent patients and 365 unrelated control subjects from two independent samples. RESULTS In a combined analysis, we found an association of alcohol dependence with the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T137346C in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the gene. A relevant association could be excluded for the remaining two informative SNPs. Selection by phenotype showed that a high number of withdrawal symptoms, high amount of alcohol intake, and high maximum number of drinks compared with unrelated control subjects was associated with the SNP in the 5'-UTR region but not with the remaining SNPs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a possible association of alcohol dependence with a genotype of the SNP T137346C of the PTK fyn, with C being the risk allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
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Hauptschein RS, Gamberi B, Rao PH, Frigeri F, Scotto L, Venkatraj VS, Gaidano G, Rutner T, Edwards YH, Chaganti RS, Dalla-Favera R. Cloning and mapping of human chromosome 6q26-q27 deleted in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple tumor types. Genomics 1998; 50:170-86. [PMID: 9653644 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Frequent deletions of the distal region on the long arm of chromosome 6 have been reported in multiple human tumors including B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), suggesting the presence of one or more tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) at this locus. Previously, we identified a region of minimal molecular deletion at 6q25-q27 (RMD-1) in B-NHL cases. To facilitate positional cloning efforts to identify the RMD-1 TSG(s), a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig consisting of 110 clones was constructed across 6q26-q27 by sequence-tagged site/probe content mapping. The contig integrates 79 ordered markers including restriction fragment length polymorphisms, minisatellites, microsatellites, YAC-insert termini, expressed sequence tags, and known genes. It spans 34 cM and has a minimal tiling path of approximately 12 clones, covering an estimated 9-14 Mb with nearly every marker on the map showing at least double linkage to its adjacent markers. Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization of selected marker pairs on normal pachytene chromosome 6 further confirmed the YAC-based mappings. Utilizing a loss of constitutional heterozygosity assay in the B-NHL tumor panel, 24 additional 6q26-q27 polymorphic markers (21 mapping to the contig) further defined RMD-1 between markers D6S186 proximally and D6S227 distally. The minimal tiling path of the B-NHL RMD-1 consists of approximately 8 YAC clones, providing a size estimate of 5-9 Mb. This interval contains, in their entirety, several smaller candidate TSG critical regions previously delimited in other tumor systems. The AF-6 gene, mapping within RMD-1, revealed no mutations in a small subset of B-NHL. The deletion and physical maps presented herein provide a framework for the identification of the gene(s) involved in B-NHL as well as other malignancies and diseases mapped to this region and provide the initial reagents for large-scale genomic sequencing.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Cloning, Molecular
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Kinesins/genetics
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Minisatellite Repeats
- Molecular Probe Techniques
- Mutation
- Myosins/genetics
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Sequence Tagged Sites
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Hauptschein
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Macalma T, Otte J, Hensler ME, Bockholt SM, Louis HA, Kalff-Suske M, Grzeschik KH, von der Ahe D, Beckerle MC. Molecular characterization of human zyxin. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:31470-8. [PMID: 8940160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.49.31470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zyxin is a component of adhesion plaques that has been suggested to perform regulatory functions at these specialized regions of the plasma membrane. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding human and mouse zyxin. Both the human and mouse zyxin proteins display a collection of proline-rich sequences as well as three copies of the LIM domain, a zinc finger domain found in many signaling molecules. The human zyxin protein is closely related in sequence to proteins implicated in benign tumorigenesis and steroid receptor binding. Antibodies raised against human zyxin recognize an 84-kDa protein by Western immunoblot analysis. The protein is localized at focal contacts in adherent erythroleukemia cells. By Northern analysis, we show that zyxin is widely expressed in human tissues. The zyxin gene maps to human chromosome 7q32-q36.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Macalma
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Nolte D, Taimor G, Kalff-Suske M, Seifart KH. The human S3a ribosomal protein: sequence, location and cell-free transcription of the functional gene. Gene 1996; 169:179-85. [PMID: 8647443 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The intron-containing gene encoding human ribosomal protein S3a (hRPS3a) was isolated by utilizing a PCR-based strategy to detect a gene-specific intron which was subsequently used as a probe for cloning of the entire gene. The hRPS3a gene is composed of six exons and five introns spanning 5013 bp. As described for other hRP-encoding genes, the promoter lacks a canonical TATA sequence and a defined CAAT box. Primer extension experiments, as well as cell-free transcription, revealed that a cytosine functions as the major transcription start point in a polypyrimidine region, but a guanosine at position -1 was also able to initiate transcription. Hybridization analysis of chromosomal DNA from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids revealed that hRPS3a is encoded by a single locus in the human genome, present on chromosome 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nolte
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany
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Kalff-Suske M, Kunz J, Grzeschik KH, Suske G. Human Sp4 transcription factor gene (SP4) maps to chromosome 7p15. Genomics 1995; 26:631-3. [PMID: 7607696 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80191-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kalff-Suske
- Medizinisches Zentrum für Humangenetik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany
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Orphanos V, Greaves M, Santibanez-Koref M, Fox M, Edwards YH, Boyle JM. A radiation hybrid panel for human chromosome 6q. Mamm Genome 1995; 6:285-90. [PMID: 7613036 DOI: 10.1007/bf00352418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A panel of 63 radiation-reduced hybrids has been derived from a mouse cell line containing a neo-marked human Chromosome (Chr) 6, primarily to provide a resource for higher resolution localization of new markers. Hybrids were generated with radiation doses of 40-400 Gy, selected in G418, and were shown by PCR to contain the neo gene. PCR was also used to score the retention of 15 loci that map from 6q13 to q25.2 of the current consensus map, plus six other loci assigned to 6q26-q27. An average retention frequency of 27.8% was observed, with the highest frequencies at D6S313 and D6S280 (63.5%) located near the centromere at 6q13, and at D6S283 (68.5%) at 6q16.3-q21, presumably close to the neo integration site. Lowest frequencies (4.8%) were observed for telomeric markers. All markers segregated independently except D6S297 and D6S193. Agreement and some improvement to the current consensus map of 6q was made by mapping 12 loci by the non-parametric statistical method of Falk. In addition, deletion mapping with informative hybrids allowed the ordering of six loci from 6q26 to q27 and permitted some integration of maps of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Orphanos
- Cancer Research Campaign Department of Cancer Genetics, Christie CRC Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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Pappas GJ, Polymeropoulos MH, Boyle JM, Trent JM. Regional assignment by hybrid mapping of 36 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) on human chromosome 6. Genomics 1995; 25:124-9. [PMID: 7774909 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the regional chromosome assignment of 36 cDNAs from infant brain libraries by assessing the concordant segregation of PCR products using a human-rodent hybrid mapping panel that subdivides chromosome 6 into 15 regions. These mapped sequences serve as markers for the physical and expression maps of chromosome 6, as well as candidate genes for various disease loci. Sequence analysis has identified putative functions and motifs for some of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Pappas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Gualandi F, Morelli C, Pavan JV, Rimessi P, Sensi A, Bonfatti A, Gruppioni R, Possati L, Stanbridge EJ, Barbanti-Brodano G. Induction of senescence and control of tumorigenicity in BK virus transformed mouse cells by human chromosome 6. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1994; 10:77-84. [PMID: 7520270 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral transformation models may be useful to detect and map human tumor suppressor genes. BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus, readily transforms rodent cells but is unable to transform human cells, suggesting that oncosuppressive functions expressed in human cells control BKV oncogenic activity. We have transferred human chromosome 6 to BKV-transformed mouse pRPcT1ss1 cells. The great majority of the colonies growing in selective medium degenerated by senescence. Only five hybrid pRPcT1ss1/H6 clones maintained the immortalized phenotype of the recipient cell line. All the immortalized clones had two common regions of deletion involving bands 6q21-22 and the SOD2 gene in 6q25. Senescent colonies carried an intact chromosome 6. A specific human sequence in 6q21-22 was amplified by PCR in senescent cells, suggesting that this region harbors a gene inducing senescence. The SOD2 deletion confirms recent data on the role of the Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase in inhibition of proliferation. The monochromosomic hybrids bearing a deleted chromosome 6 showed a reverted phenotype in vitro and a significantly longer latency period before they were tumorigenic in nude mice, indicating the presence of a tumor suppressor gene in the residual regions of chromosome 6. Molecular mapping suggests that this gene is located in 6q27. The BKV transformation model detects genes inducing senescence and tumor suppressor genes on human chromosome 6 and may represent a useful system to isolate and clone such genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gualandi
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Gorbulev V, Akhundova A, Grzeschik KH, Fahrenholz F. Organization and chromosomal localization of the gene for the human bombesin receptor subtype expressed in pregnant uterus. FEBS Lett 1994; 340:260-4. [PMID: 8131855 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding the human homologue of the guinea pig uterine bombesin receptor [(1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 208, 405] was isolated from a genomic lambda library by the PCR/homology screening approach. The gene spans more than 4 kb and consists of 3 exons and 2 introns. The deduced amino acid sequence shows about 86% identity to that of guinea pig bombesin receptor. This subtype of bombesin receptor is expressed in the pregnant uterus and in two human tumour cell lines, T47D (ductal breast carcinoma) and A431 (epidermal carcinoma). PCR analysis of genomic DNA from human-mouse cell hybrids allows the cloned gene to be localized to the region q26-q28 on chromosome X.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gorbulev
- Max Planck Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Myers K, Rahi-Saund V, Davison M, Young J, Cheater A, Stern P. Isolation of a cDNA encoding 5T4 oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein. An antigen associated with metastasis contains leucine-rich repeats. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Fitzgibbon J, Gillett GT, Woodward KJ, Boyle JM, Wolfe J, Povey S. Mapping of RXRB to human chromosome 6p21.3. Ann Hum Genet 1993; 57:203-9. [PMID: 8257090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1993.tb01596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid X Receptor beta (RXRB) is a member of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the effects of retinoic acid (RA). We have confirmed the localization of RXRB to chromosome 6 and we have mapped the gene to chromosome 6p21.3-p21.1 by PCR amplification of 5' untranslated sequence in panels of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids and to 6p21.3 by fluorescent in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fitzgibbon
- Department of Genetics and Biometry, Galton Laboratory, University College London
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Foulkes WD, Ragoussis J, Stamp GW, Allan GJ, Trowsdale J. Frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 6 in human ovarian carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1993; 67:551-9. [PMID: 8094976 PMCID: PMC1968256 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of genetic changes in tumours by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a powerful technique for identifying chromosomal regions that may contain tumour suppressor genes. LOH has been described on chromosome 6 in ovarian carcinoma using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with a small number of probes. We studied 29 ovarian carcinomas with 19 probes mapping to chromosome 6. Sixteen of the 29 tumours showed LOH on 6q (55%). Of these 16, 63% showed loss of all informative markers on that arm. One tumour showed loss of 6q24-qter, localising the putative tumour suppressor gene to that region. Loss on 6p was 28% overall. However, using three dinucleotide repeat primer pairs from 6p to study LOH in seven selected tumours, LOH was demonstrated at both 6p22.3-pter and at 6p12-6p22. These results confirm that 6q harbours a tumour suppressor gene of relevance to ovarian carcinoma and suggest that there may also be a similar gene(s) on 6p. By Southern analysis, there was no evidence of genomic rearrangements of the oestrogen receptor gene, located at 6q25.1. LOH on 6q was more common in high than low grade tumours. The relevance of our findings to previous work in ovarian cancer and other solid tumours is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Foulkes
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK
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