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Yue J, Hu X, Xie H, Hu Z, Wu H, Zhang J, Sun B, Wang L. Investigation on the role of ·OH for BPA removal in coastal sediments: The important mediation of low reactivity Fe(II). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141575. [PMID: 38430934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) in seawater tends to be deposited in coastal sediments. However, its degradation under tidal oscillations has not been explored comprehensively. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) can be generated through Fe cycling under redox oscillations, which have a strong oxidizing capacity. This study focused on the contribution of Fe-mediated production of ·OH in BPA degradation under darkness. The removal of BPA was investigated by reoxygenating six natural coastal sediments, and three redox cycles were applied to prove the sustainability of the process. The importance of low reactivity Fe(II) in the production of ·OH was investigated, specifically, Fe(II) with carbonate and Fe(II) within goethite, hematite and magnetite. The degradation efficiency of BPA during reoxygenation of sediments was 76.78-94.82%, and the contribution of ·OH ranged from 36.74% to 74.51%. The path coefficient of ·OH on BPA degradation reached 0.6985 and the indirect effect of low reactivity Fe(II) on BPA degradation by mediating ·OH production reached 0.5240 obtained via partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). This study emphasizes the importance of low reactivity Fe(II) in ·OH production and provides a new perspective for the role of tidal-induced ·OH on the fate of refractory organic pollutants under darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Yue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaojin Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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Song Y, Liu J, Fu M, Liu H, Wang W, Wang S, Chen F. The efficacy of Azotobacter chroococcum in altering maize plant-defense responses to armyworm at elevated CO 2 concentration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114296. [PMID: 36399994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) concentrations can alter the carbon:nitrogen ratio and palatability of host plants for herbivorous insects, but rhizobacteria likely mitigate the alteration and influence physiological adaptation of insects. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic analysis of maize (Zea mays) response to Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) inoculation under eCO2 conditions in contrast to ambient CO2 (aCO2), and studied the effects of plant-defense change of maize under eCO2 on the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. Results showed that there were 16, 14, 16 and 135 differentially expressed genes that were associated with plant-defense response in maize leaves between aCO2-CK and aCO2-AC, eCO2-CK and eCO2-AC, aCO2-CK and eCO2-CK, aCO2-AC and eCO2-AC, respectively. Moreover, A. chroococcum inoculation and eCO2 influenced plant hormone signal transduction of maize. Interestingly, A. chroococcum inoculation significantly decreased the contents of JA (jasmonic acid) and JA-Ile (isoleucine conjugate of JA) in leaves, but eCO2 markedly increased contents of JA-Ile, JA and SA (salicylic acid). Compared to aCO2, eCO2 significantly decreased activity of protective enzyme (catalase), and increased activities of digestive (lipase and protease), protective (peroxidase) and detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase, Mixed-functional oxidase and glutathione s-transferase), prolonged developmental time, and decreased survival rate and body weight of larvae (P < 0.05). A. chroococcum inoculation significantly increased the activity of protective enzyme (catalase), and decreased the activities of detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase, glutathione s-transferase and mixed-functional oxidase), thus increased the growth rate and body weight of larvae in comparison with no-inoculation of A. chroococcum (P < 0.05). The indices of M. separata were significantly correlated with the foliar contents of JA, JA-Ile and SA (|r| = 0.44-0.85, P < 0.05), indicating that A. chroococcum inoculation altered the physiological adaptation of M. separata under eCO2 by disturbing defense substances in maize. Our results in understanding effects of A. chroococcum inoculation on maize resistance to herbivorous insects will be valuable for agricultural pest control in the future at eCO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Menglu Fu
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weitong Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shishi Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Salidroside Exerts Beneficial Effect on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8069152. [PMID: 35602096 PMCID: PMC9117026 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8069152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Testicular torsion-detorsion results in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is associated with overgeneration of reactive oxygen species. Salidroside, a major bioactive ingredient extracted from Rhodiola rosea, has strong antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of salidroside on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sixty rats were randomly separated into 3 experimental groups: group A = sham-operated control; group B = testicular ischemia-reperfusion; and group C = testicular ischemia-reperfusion treated with salidroside. The rats in the sham-operated control group received all surgical procedures except testicular torsion-detorsion. The testicular ischemia-reperfusion group underwent 2 hours of left testicular torsion followed by detorsion. The rats in the salidroside-treated group received the same surgical procedure as in testicular ischemia-reperfusion group, but salidroside was injected intraperitoneally at reperfusion. Testicular malondialdehyde content (a reliable index of reactive oxygen species) and protein expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase which are primary antioxidant enzymes in testes were measured at 4 hours after reperfusion. Testicular spermatogenesis was evaluated at 3 months after reperfusion. The malondialdehyde content increased significantly, while superoxide dismutase and catalase protein expression and testicular spermatogenesis reduced significantly in ipsilateral testes of testicular ischemia-reperfusion group, as compared with sham-operated control group. Therapy with salidroside significantly reduced malondialdehyde content and significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase protein expression and spermatogenesis in ipsilateral testes, as compared with testicular ischemia-reperfusion group. The present findings indicate that treatment with salidroside ameliorates testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing reactive oxygen species level by upregulating superoxide dismutase and catalase protein expression.
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Chen PH, Tjong WY, Yang HC, Liu HY, Stern A, Chiu DTY. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Redox Homeostasis and Embryogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042017. [PMID: 35216131 PMCID: PMC8878822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal embryogenesis requires complex regulation and precision, which depends on multiple mechanistic details. Defective embryogenesis can occur by various mechanisms. Maintaining redox homeostasis is of importance during embryogenesis. NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Oxidative stress differentially influences cell fate and embryogenesis. While low levels of stress (eustress) by ROS and RNS promote cell growth and differentiation, supra-physiological concentrations of ROS and RNS can lead to cell demise and embryonic lethality. G6PD-deficient cells and organisms have been used as models in embryogenesis for determining the role of redox signaling in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Embryogenesis is also modulated by anti-oxidant enzymes, transcription factors, microRNAs, growth factors and signaling pathways, which are dependent on redox regulation. Crosstalk among transcription factors, microRNAs and redox signaling is essential for embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (P.-H.C.); (W.-Y.T.); (D.T.-Y.C.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ye Tjong
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (P.-H.C.); (W.-Y.T.); (D.T.-Y.C.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-6108175; Fax: +886-3-6102327
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Arnold Stern
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (P.-H.C.); (W.-Y.T.); (D.T.-Y.C.)
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Impact of Oxidative Stress on Embryogenesis and Fetal Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:221-241. [PMID: 36472825 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cellular processes are regulated by oxygen radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) where they play crucial roles as primary or secondary messengers, particularly during cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Embryogenesis and organogenesis encompass all these processes; therefore, their role during these crucial life events cannot be ignored, more so when there is an imbalance in redox homeostasis. Perturbed redox homeostasis is responsible for damaging the biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids resulting in leaky membrane, altered protein, enzyme function, and DNA damage which have adverse impact on the embryo and fetal development. In this article, we attempt to summarize the available data in literature for an in-depth understanding of redox regulation during development that may help in optimizing the pregnancy outcome both under natural and assisted conditions.
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Wang H, Xin T, Wang J, Zou Z, Zhong L, Xia B. Sublethal effects of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties in the Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:20934. [PMID: 34686836 PMCID: PMC8536723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Panonychus citri, a major citrus pest. In pest management, bifenazate is a novel acaricide with high biological activity against red mites, such as Tetranychus urticae Koch. However, in the field, pests are frequently exposed to sublethal or lethal concentrations of pesticides. At present, its sublethal effects on P. citri have not been reported. Therefore, in order to investigate sublethal effect of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties of P. citri. The newly emerged females were treated with two concentrations of bifenazate: LC10 and LC30, the development and fecundity were observed. The results showed that female adult duration, fecundity, oviposition days, longevity were decrease compared with control, but pre-oviposition period was longer, net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation (T) were decreased, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate (λ) were decreased in LC30, however, doubling time was increased. Enzymatic tests showed that CAT, POD, CarE activities were higher in treatments than control. The SOD and GST activities were lower in LC30 than control and LC10, the CYP450 activity was decreased with the increasing concentrations. This study demonstrated that low lethal concentrations of bifenazate adversely affected life table parameters, enzymatic properties in P. citri. Therefore, bifenazate has the potential to control this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrong Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Development & Service Center for Agriculture and Rural Industry of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330096, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
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Domann FE, Hitchler MJ. Aberrant redox biology and epigenetic reprogramming: Co-conspirators across multiple human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:2-5. [PMID: 33932538 PMCID: PMC8217310 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An epigenetic landscape encompasses a series of dynamic interconnected mechanisms working together to fashion a diverse set of phenotypes from a singular genotype. The epigenetic plasticity observed in disease and development is facilitated by enzymes that create and remove covalent modifications to DNA and histones. Several important discoveries within the past decade have revealed that epigenetic control mechanisms are subject to redox regulation and mitochondrial-to-nuclear retrograde signaling. This has led to our current understanding that the writers and erasers of the epigenome are influenced by several levels of redox and metabolic control including the bioavailability of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolite co-factors necessary for optimal enzyme activity. Thus, these enzymes perceive a cell's redox state, metabolic status, and environmental signals to influence chromatin structure and accessibility to the transcriptional apparatus. Not only are the activities of epigenetic enzymes affected by cellular redox conditions, but also, in feedback loop fashion, genes encoding antioxidant enzymes as well as prooxidant enzymes can be altered in their expression patterns by epigenetic silencing mechanisms. The altered expression of the anti- and prooxidant genes can then contribute to the onset or progression of disease. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by the confluence of redox biology and gene-environment interactions is an active area of research and our understanding of these links continues to evolve. Given the emergent importance of crosstalk between redox biology and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, it is timely that this issue should explore the current state of knowledge on this topic and how changes in metabolism and redox flux can result in tectonic shifts of the epigenetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick E Domann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Michael J Hitchler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4950 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
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Hitchler MJ, Domann FE. The epigenetic and morphogenetic effects of molecular oxygen and its derived reactive species in development. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:70-84. [PMID: 33450377 PMCID: PMC8217084 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms involves the unpacking of a complex genetic program. Extensive characterization of discrete developmental steps has revealed the genetic program is controlled by an epigenetic state. Shifting the epigenome is a group of epigenetic enzymes that modify DNA and proteins to regulate cell type specific gene expression. While the role of these modifications in development has been established, the input(s) responsible for electing changes in the epigenetic state remains unknown. Development is also associated with dynamic changes in cellular metabolism, redox, free radical production, and oxygen availability. It has previously been postulated that these changes are causal in development by affecting gene expression. This suggests that oxygen is a morphogenic compound that impacts the removal of epigenetic marks. Likewise, metabolism and reactive oxygen species influence redox signaling through iron and glutathione to limit the availability of key epigenetic cofactors such as α-ketoglutarate, ascorbate, NAD+ and S-adenosylmethionine. Given the close relationship between these cofactors and epigenetic marks it seems likely that the two are linked. Here we describe how changing these inputs might affect the epigenetic state during development to drive gene expression. Combined, these cofactors and reactive oxygen species constitute the epigenetic landscape guiding cells along differing developmental paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hitchler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4950 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Fischer I, Barak B. Molecular and Therapeutic Aspects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Neurological Conditions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1247. [PMID: 32867291 PMCID: PMC7564723 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), the subject is placed in a chamber containing 100% oxygen gas at a pressure of more than one atmosphere absolute. This treatment is used to hasten tissue recovery and improve its physiological aspects, by providing an increased supply of oxygen to the damaged tissue. In this review, we discuss the consequences of hypoxia, as well as the molecular and physiological processes that occur in subjects exposed to HBOT. We discuss the efficacy of HBOT in treating neurological conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders in both humans and animal models. We summarize by discussing the challenges in this field, and explore future directions that will allow the scientific community to better understand the molecular aspects and applications of HBOT for a wide variety of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Fischer
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Boaz Barak
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Cobley JN, Husi H. Immunological Techniques to Assess Protein Thiol Redox State: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E315. [PMID: 32326525 PMCID: PMC7222201 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and redox signaling in health and disease it is essential to assess protein thiol redox state. Protein thiol redox state is seldom assessed immunologically because of the inability to distinguish reduced and reversibly oxidized thiols by Western blotting. An underappreciated opportunity exists to use Click PEGylation to realize the transformative power of simple, time and cost-efficient immunological techniques. Click PEGylation harnesses selective, bio-orthogonal Click chemistry to separate reduced and reversibly oxidized thiols by selectively ligating a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol moiety to the redox state of interest. The resultant ability to disambiguate reduced and reversibly oxidized species by Western blotting enables Click PEGylation to assess protein thiol redox state. In the present review, to enable investigators to effectively harness immunological techniques to assess protein thiol redox state we critique the chemistry, promise and challenges of Click PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nathan Cobley
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK;
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11
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Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Distinct Gene Expressions of a Model Ciliated Protozoa Feeding on Bacteria-Free Medium, Digestible, and Digestion-Resistant Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040559. [PMID: 32295093 PMCID: PMC7232342 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterivory is an important ecological function of protists in natural ecosystems. However, there are diverse bacterial species resistant to protistan digestion, which reduces the carbon flow to higher trophic levels. So far, a molecular biological view of metabolic processes in heterotrophic protists during predation of bacterial preys of different digestibility is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the growth performance a ciliated protozoan Tetrahymenathermophila cultivated in a bacteria-free Super Proteose Peptone (SPP) medium (control), and in the media mixed with either a digestion-resistant bacterial species (DRB) or a digestible strain of E. coli (ECO). We found the protist population grew fastest in the SPP and slowest in the DRB treatment. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed that there were indeed non-digested, viable bacteria in the ciliate cells fed with DRB, but none in other treatments. Comparative analysis of RNA-seq data showed that, relative to the control, 637 and 511 genes in T. thermophila were significantly and differentially expressed in the DRB and ECO treatments, respectively. The protistan expression of lysosomal proteases (especially papain-like cysteine proteinases), GH18 chitinases, and an isocitrate lyase were upregulated in both bacterial treatments. The genes encoding protease, glycosidase and involving glycolysis, TCA and glyoxylate cycles of carbon metabolic processes were higher expressed in the DRB treatment when compared with the ECO. Nevertheless, the genes for glutathione metabolism were more upregulated in the control than those in both bacterial treatments, regardless of the digestibility of the bacteria. The results of this study indicate that not only bacterial food but also digestibility of bacterial taxa modulate multiple metabolic processes in heterotrophic protists, which contribute to a better understanding of protistan bacterivory and bacteria-protists interactions on a molecular basis.
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12
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Hansen JM, Jones DP, Harris C. The Redox Theory of Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:715-740. [PMID: 31891515 PMCID: PMC7047088 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The geological record shows that as atmospheric O2 levels increased, it concomitantly coincided with the evolution of metazoans. More complex, higher organisms contain a more cysteine-rich proteome, potentially as a means to regulate homeostatic responses in a more O2-rich environment. Regulation of redox-sensitive processes to control development is likely to be evolutionarily conserved. Recent Advances: During early embryonic development, the conceptus is exposed to varying levels of O2. Oxygen and redox-sensitive elements can be regulated to promote normal development, defined as changes to cellular mass, morphology, biochemistry, and function, suggesting that O2 is a developmental morphogen. During periods of O2 fluctuation, embryos are "reprogrammed," on the genomic and metabolic levels. Reprogramming imparts changes to particular redox couples (nodes) that would support specific post-translational modifications (PTMs), targeting the cysteine proteome to regulate protein function and development. Critical Issues: Major developmental events such as stem cell expansion, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell fate decisions are controlled through oxidative PTMs of cysteine-based redox nodes. As such, timely coordinated redox regulation of these events yields normal developmental outcomes and viable species reproduction. Disruption of normal redox signaling can produce adverse developmental outcomes. Future Directions: Furthering our understanding of the redox-sensitive processes/pathways, the nature of the regulatory PTMs involved in development and periods of activation/sensitivity to specific developmental pathways would greatly support the theory of redox regulation of development, and would also provide rationale and direction to more fully comprehend poor developmental outcomes, such as dysmorphogenesis, functional deficits, and preterm embryonic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig Harris
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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13
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Yamamoto N, Oyaizu T, Enomoto M, Horie M, Yuasa M, Okawa A, Yagishita K. VEGF and bFGF induction by nitric oxide is associated with hyperbaric oxygen-induced angiogenesis and muscle regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2744. [PMID: 32066777 PMCID: PMC7026099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment promotes early recovery from muscle injury. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) upregulation is a key mechanism of HBO, which produces high O2 content in tissues through increased dissolution of oxygen at high pressure. Nitric oxide (NO), a type of ROS, generally stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and stimulates secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from endothelial cells and macrophages, which then induces angiogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether HBO could promote angiogenesis via induction of NO and induce muscle regeneration in contused rat skeletal muscles. The HBO protocol consisted of 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) 100% oxygen for 120 minutes, once a day for 5 consecutive days. We also evaluated the effects of a ROS inhibitor (NAC) or NOS-specific inhibitor (L-NAME) on HBO. HBO significantly increased NO3−, VEGF, and bFGF levels and stabilized HIF1α within 1 day. HBO promoted blood vessel formation at 3–7 days and muscle healing at 5–7 days after contusion. Administration of both NAC and L-NAME before HBO suppressed angiogenesis and muscle regeneration even after HBO. HBO thus promoted angiogenesis and muscle regeneration mainly through generation of NO in the early phase after muscle contusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Hyperbaric Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takuya Oyaizu
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. .,Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-8558, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Enomoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masato Yuasa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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14
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Synapse Pruning: Mitochondrial ROS with Their Hands on the Shears. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800031. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Keshavarzi S, Salehi M, Farifteh-Nobijari F, Hosseini T, Hosseini S, Ghazifard A, Ghaffari Novin M, Fallah-Omrani V, Nourozian M, Hosseini A. Melatonin Modifies Histone Acetylation During In Vitro Maturation of Mouse Oocytes. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:244-249. [PMID: 29633602 PMCID: PMC5893296 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective We evaluated the effect of melatonin, as a potent antioxidant agent, on glutathione (GSH) and reactive
oxygen species (ROS) levels, as well as histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9), and H4 lysine 12 (H4K12) acetylation when
added to oocytes culture medium.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, two in vitro and in vivo groups were used. In the in vitro
group, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) from the ovaries of B6D2F1 mice were cultured in maturation medium
containing two doses of melatonin (10-9 and 10-6 M) and without melatonin [control group treated with dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO)] for 22-24 hour. The cumulus expansion and nuclear status were monitored by an inverted
microscope. Next, COCs were isolated from the oviducts of superovulated mice and studied as the in vivo group.
In in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes, GSH and ROS levels were assessed by monochlorobimane (MCB) and
2-7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining, respectively. Changes in histone acetylation were
examined by immunofluorescent staining with specific antibodies against acetylated H3K9 and H4K12.
Results The H4K12 acetylation and ROS levels were significantly higher in the oocytes matured in the in
vitro group compared to the in vivo group (P<0.05). Furthermore, glutathione levels in the in vitro group were
considerably lower than that of the in vivo group (P<0.05). Melatonin at the concentration of 10-6 M had the most
substantial effect on nuclear maturation and histone acetylation as well as glutathione and ROS levels in the in
vitro group (P<0.05).
Conclusion Exogenous melatonin improves the competence of mouse oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Keshavarzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Farifteh-Nobijari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alaleh Ghazifard
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marefat Ghaffari Novin
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Fallah-Omrani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nourozian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Fatima R, Akhtar K, Hossain MM, Ahmad R. Chromium oxide nanoparticle-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in the kidneys and brain of Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:911-921. [PMID: 29069986 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717735266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3 NPs) have a wide range of applications in industry. They are used as pigments, catalysts, wear-resistant or high-temperature-resistant coating material and are used in liquid crystal displays. In view of ever escalating use of NPs, risk assessment becomes obligatory to ensure the safety of both human health and the ecosystem. The present study was designed and conducted to evaluate biochemical changes and histopathological alterations in kidneys and brain of rats, following exposure to Cr2O3 NPs. Male Wistar rats were divided into low-dose (50 µg/100 g body weight (bwt) groups and high-dose (200 µg/100 g bwt) groups. Each group type received oral administration of Cr2O3 NPs for multiple durations (single dosing, once daily for 7 days and once daily for 14 days, respectively). According to our data, this allotment presented a meaningful picture of NPs behaviour in different scenarios. In the kidneys and brain of Cr2O3 NPs-exposed animals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration along with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, as compared to controls. Histopathological changes in these organs confirmed cellular injury and functional damage due to exposure to Cr2O3 NPs. In this study, we have distinguished pathological alterations consequent to deleterious oxidative stress due to enhanced ROS generation after Cr2O3 NPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravish Fatima
- 1 Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- 2 Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Mobarak Hossain
- 3 Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- 1 Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Wilkes JG, Alexander MS, Cullen JJ. Superoxide Dismutases in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030066. [PMID: 28825637 PMCID: PMC5618094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing as the population ages but treatment advancements continue to lag far behind. The majority of pancreatic cancer patients have a K-ras oncogene mutation causing a shift in the redox state of the cell, favoring malignant proliferation. This mutation is believed to lead to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and superoxide overproduction, generating tumorigenic behavior. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) have been studied for their ability to manage the oxidative state of the cell by dismuting superoxide and inhibiting signals for pancreatic cancer growth. In particular, manganese superoxide dismutase has clearly shown importance in cell cycle regulation and has been found to be abnormally low in pancreatic cancer cells as well as the surrounding stromal tissue. Likewise, extracellular superoxide dismutase expression seems to favor suppression of pancreatic cancer growth. With an increased understanding of the redox behavior of pancreatic cancer and key regulators, new treatments are being developed with specific targets in mind. This review summarizes what is known about superoxide dismutases in pancreatic cancer and the most current treatment strategies to be advanced from this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G. Wilkes
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; (J.G.W.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; (J.G.W.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; (J.G.W.); (M.S.A.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-353-8297; Fax: +1-319-356-8378
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18
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Hejazi II, Khanam R, Mehdi SH, Bhat AR, Moshahid Alam Rizvi M, Islam A, Thakur SC, Athar F. New insights into the antioxidant and apoptotic potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. during hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative stress: An in vitro and in silico evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:265-279. [PMID: 28763750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived substances (phytochemicals) are well recognized as sources of pharmacologically potent drugs in the treatment of several oxidative stress related disorders. Our study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and apoptotic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in both cell free and cell culture system. Plant fractions have been prepared with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water and their antioxidant properties are reviewed. Potent antioxidant activity has been well established in both in vitro and in silico studies which is believed to be responsible for the anticancerous nature of the plant. Results obtained indicate that methanol fraction of G. glabra L. exhibited maximum scavenging activity against DPPH and nitric oxide free radicals comparable to standard antioxidant L-AA. Administration of methanol fraction also considerably reduced the malondialdehyde produced due to lipid peroxidation in mammalian liver tissues. Moreover, the levels of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GST, GPx and GR in the oxidative stress induced tissues were refurbished significantly after treatment with plant's methanol fraction. Moreover, methanol fraction was found to be nontoxic to normal human cell line whereas it inhibited cancer cells HeLa and HepG2 considerably. Apoptosis was established by DAPI fluorescent staining and western blot analysis of pro apoptotic protein caspase-8, caspase-3 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.There is an up regulation in the levels of pro apoptotic caspase-8 and caspase-3 and down regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of the methanol fraction revealed the presence of many compounds. In silico experiments using Autodock 4.2 tools showed strong affinity of plant compounds towards antioxidant enzymes (proteins) thus validating with the conclusions of antioxidant enzyme assays and establishing a role in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Iqbal Hejazi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rashmin Khanam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Abdul Roouf Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | | | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sonu Chand Thakur
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Fareeda Athar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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19
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Blackstone NW. PERSPECTIVE A UNITS‐OF‐EVOLUTION PERSPECTIVE ON THE ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE MITOCHONDRION. Evolution 2017; 49:785-796. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/1994] [Accepted: 10/20/1994] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil W. Blackstone
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois 60115
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20
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Hormetic Property of Ginseng Steroids on Anti-Oxidant Status against Exercise Challenge in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020036. [PMID: 28534811 PMCID: PMC5488016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Existing literature on anti-oxidant capacity of ginseng has been inconsistent due to variance in the profile of ginseng steroids (Ginsenosides) that is because of differences in seasons and species. Methods: We used various doses of ginseng steroids to determine its effect on oxidative stress and anti-oxidant capacity of rat skeletal muscle against exercise. Results: Under non-exercise conditions, we found increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels and decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) in rat skeletal muscle as dose increases (p < 0.05), which indicates the pro-oxidant property of ginseng steroids at baseline. Intriguingly, exhaustive exercise-induced increased TBARS and decreased GSH/GSSG ratio were attenuated with low and medium doses of ginseng steroids (20 and 40 mg per kg), but not with high dose (120 mg per kg). At rest, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were increased above vehicle-treated level, but not with the high dose, suggesting a hormetic dose-response of ginseng steroids. Conclusion: The results of this study provide an explanation for the inconsistent findings on anti-oxidative property among previous ginseng studies. For optimizing the anti-oxidant outcome, ginseng supplementation at high dose should be avoided.
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21
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Oxidative stress and mRNA expression of acetylcholinesterase in the leukocytes of ischemic patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:561-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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22
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Georgiou CD, Zervoudakis G, Petropoulou KP. Ascorbic acid might play a role in the sclerotial differentiation ofSclerotium rolfsii. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2004.11833115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katerine P. Petropoulou
- Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26100—Patra, Greece
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23
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Gao ZX, Rao J, Li YH. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction by reducing oxidant stress and inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:329-336. [PMID: 28400818 PMCID: PMC5361520 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a crucial public health issue that has been increasingly studied in efforts to reduce symptoms or prevent its occurrence. However, effective advances remain lacking. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning has proved to protect vital organs, such as the heart, liver, and brain. Recently, it has been introduced and widely studied in the prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, with promising results. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain controversial. This review summarizes and highlights the definition and application of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, the perniciousness and pathogenetic mechanism underlying postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and the effects that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning has on postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Finally, we conclude that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning is an effective and feasible method to prevent, alleviate, and improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and that its mechanism of action is very complex, involving the stimulation of endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammation defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan-Hai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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24
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Berdan EL, Blankers T, Waurick I, Mazzoni CJ, Mayer F. A genes eye view of ontogeny: de novo assembly and profiling of the Gryllus rubens transcriptome. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 16:1478-1490. [PMID: 27037604 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Crickets (Orthoptera:Gryllidae) are widely used model organisms for developmental, evolutionary, neurobiological and behavioural research. Here, we developed a de novo transcriptome from pooled RNA-seq Illumina data spanning seven stages in the life cycle of Gryllus rubens. Approximately 705 Mbp of data was assembled and filtered to form 27 312 transcripts. We were able to annotate 52% of our transcripts using BLAST and assign at least one gene ontology term to 41%. Pooled samples from three different ontogenetic stages were used for transcriptomic profiling revealing patterns of differential gene expression that highlight processes in the different life stages. Embryonic and early instar development was enriched for ecdysteroid metabolism, cytochrome P450s and glutathione production. Late instar development was enriched for regulation of gene expression and many of the genes highly expressed during this stage were involved in conserved developmental signalling pathways suggesting that these developmental pathways are active beyond embryonic development. Adults were enriched for fat transport (mostly relating to egg production) and production of octopamine, an important neurohormone. We also identified genes involved in conserved developmental pathways (Hedgehog, Hippo, Wnt, JAK/STAT, TGF-beta, Notch, and MEK/ERK). This is the first transcriptome spanning ontogeny in Gryllus rubens and a valuable resource for future work on development and evolution in Orthoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Berdan
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Blankers
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Behavioural Physiology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Waurick
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camila J Mazzoni
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Koenigin-Luise-Str 6-8, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Zoo- und Wildtierforschung (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder Mayer
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Pavlin M, Repič M, Vianello R, Mavri J. The Chemistry of Neurodegeneration: Kinetic Data and Their Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3400-3415. [PMID: 26081152 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We collected experimental kinetic rate constants for chemical processes responsible for the development and progress of neurodegeneration, focused on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation of amine neurotransmitters and their reactive and neurotoxic metabolites. A gross scheme of neurodegeneration on the molecular level is based on two pathways. Firstly, reactive species oxidise heavy atom ions, which enhances the interaction with alpha-synuclein, thus promoting its folding to the beta form and giving rise to insoluble amyloid plaques. The latter prevents the function of vesicular transport leading to gradual neuronal death. In the second pathway, radical species, OH(·) in particular, react with the methylene groups of the apolar part of the lipid bilayer of either the cell or mitochondrial wall, resulting in membrane leakage followed by dyshomeostasis, loss of resting potential and neuron death. Unlike all other central neural system (CNS)-relevant biogenic amines, dopamine and noradrenaline are capable of a non-enzymatic auto-oxidative reaction, which produces hydrogen peroxide. This reaction is not limited to the mitochondrial membrane where scavenging enzymes, such as catalase, are located. On the other hand, dopamine and its metabolites, such as dopamine-o-quinone, dopaminechrome, 5,6-dihydroxyindole and indo-5,6-quinone, also interact directly with alpha-synuclein and reversibly inhibit plaque formation. We consider the role of the heavy metal ions, selected scavengers and scavenging enzymes, and discuss the relevance of certain foods and food supplements, including curcumin, garlic, N-acetyl cysteine, caffeine and red wine, as well as the long-term administration of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and occasional tobacco smoking, that could all act toward preventing neurodegeneration. The current analysis can be employed in developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration, and, hopefully, aid in the building of an overall kinetic molecular model of neurodegeneration itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Pavlin
- Computational Biophysics, German Research School for Simulation Sciences, Joint Venture of RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS-5/INM-9), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Matej Repič
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum Organic Chemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Janez Mavri
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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26
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Jiménez-Chillarón JC, Nijland MJ, Ascensão AA, Sardão VA, Magalhães J, Hitchler MJ, Domann FE, Oliveira PJ. Back to the future: transgenerational transmission of xenobiotic-induced epigenetic remodeling. Epigenetics 2015; 10:259-73. [PMID: 25774863 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, or regulation of gene expression independent of DNA sequence, is the missing link between genotype and phenotype. Epigenetic memory, mediated by histone and DNA modifications, is controlled by a set of specialized enzymes, metabolite availability, and signaling pathways. A mostly unstudied subject is how sub-toxic exposure to several xenobiotics during specific developmental stages can alter the epigenome and contribute to the development of disease phenotypes later in life. Furthermore, it has been shown that exposure to low-dose xenobiotics can also result in further epigenetic remodeling in the germ line and contribute to increase disease risk in the next generation (multigenerational and transgenerational effects). We here offer a perspective on current but still incomplete knowledge of xenobiotic-induced epigenetic alterations, and their possible transgenerational transmission. We also propose several molecular mechanisms by which the epigenetic landscape may be altered by environmental xenobiotics and hypothesize how diet and physical activity may counteract epigenetic alterations.
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27
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Fosen KM, Thom SR. Hyperbaric oxygen, vasculogenic stem cells, and wound healing. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1634-47. [PMID: 24730726 PMCID: PMC4175035 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is recognized as playing a role in stem cell mobilization from peripheral sites and also cell function. RECENT ADVANCES This review focuses on the impact of hyperoxia on vasculogenic stem cells and elements of wound healing. CRITICAL ISSUES Components of the wound-healing process in which oxidative stress has a positive impact on the various cells involved in wound healing are highlighted. A slightly different view of wound-healing physiology is adopted by departing from the often used notion of sequential stages: hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling and instead organizes the cascade of wound healing as overlapping events or waves pertaining to reactive oxygen species, lactate, and nitric oxide. This was done because hyperoxia has effects of a number of cell signaling events that converge to influence cell recruitment/chemotaxis and gene regulation/protein synthesis responses which mediate wound healing. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Our alternative perspective of the stages of wound healing eases recognition of the multiple sites where oxidative stress has an impact on wound healing. This aids the focus on mechanistic events and the interplay among various cell types and biochemical processes. It also highlights the areas where additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina M. Fosen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen R. Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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28
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Hamre K, Penglase SJ, Rasinger JD, Skjærven KH, Olsvik PA. Ontogeny of redox regulation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:337-48. [PMID: 24873722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The reduction potential of a cell is related to its fate. Proliferating cells are more reduced than those that are differentiating, whereas apoptotic cells are generally the most oxidized. Glutathione is considered the most important cellular redox buffer and the average reduction potential (Eh) of a cell or organism can be calculated from the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). In this study, triplicate groups of cod larvae at various stages of development (3 to 63 days post-hatch; dph) were sampled for analyses of GSSG/2GSH concentrations, together with activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression of genes encoding proteins involved in redox metabolism. The concentration of total GSH (GSH+GSSG) increased from 610 ± 100 to 1260 ± 150 μmol/kg between 7 and 14 dph and was then constant until 49 dph, after which it decreased to 810 ± 100 μmol/kg by 63 dph. The 14- to 49-dph period, when total GSH concentrations were stable, coincides with the proposed period of metamorphosis in cod larvae. The concentration of GSSG comprised approximately 1% of the total GSH concentration and was stable throughout the sampling series. This resulted in a decreasing Eh from -239 ± 1 to -262 ± 7 mV between 7 and 14 dph, after which it remained constant until 63 dph. The changes in GSH and Eh were accompanied by changes in the expression of several genes involved in redox balance and signaling, as well as changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes, with the most dynamic responses occurring in the early phase of cod larval development. It is hypothesized that metamorphosis in cod larvae starts with the onset of mosaic hyperplasia in the skeletal muscle at approximately 20 dph (6.8mm standard length (SL)) and ends with differentiation of the stomach and disappearance of the larval finfold at 40 to 50 dph (10-15 mm SL). Thus, metamorphosis in cod larvae seems to coincide with high and stable total concentrations of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hamre
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Samuel J Penglase
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Josef D Rasinger
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaja H Skjærven
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål A Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
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Papapostolou I, Sideri M, Georgiou CD. Cell proliferating and differentiating role of H2O2 in Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:527-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reshi ML, Su YC, Hong JR. RNA Viruses: ROS-Mediated Cell Death. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:467452. [PMID: 24899897 PMCID: PMC4034720 DOI: 10.1155/2014/467452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for being both beneficial and deleterious. The main thrust of this review is to investigate the role of ROS in ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus pathogenesis. Much evidences has accumulated over the past decade, suggesting that patients infected with RNA viruses are under chronic oxidative stress. Changes to the body's antioxidant defense system, in relation to SOD, ascorbic acid, selenium, carotenoids, and glutathione, have been reported in various tissues of RNA-virus infected patients. This review focuses on RNA viruses and retroviruses, giving particular attention to the human influenza virus, Hepatitis c virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the aquatic Betanodavirus. Oxidative stress via RNA virus infections can contribute to several aspects of viral disease pathogenesis including apoptosis, loss of immune function, viral replication, inflammatory response, and loss of body weight. We focus on how ROS production is correlated with host cell death. Moreover, ROS may play an important role as a signal molecule in the regulation of viral replication and organelle function, potentially providing new insights in the prevention and treatment of RNA viruses and retrovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Latif Reshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Che Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Ruey Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Chen L, Wang M, Hou J, Liu L, Fu J, Shen Y, Zhang Z, Bao X. Regulation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae MEF1by Hda1p affects salt resistance ofbdf1Δmutant. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:575-85. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Mingpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Jiafang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Zhaojie Zhang
- Department of Zoology and Physiology; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan China
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Li X, Zhang M, Zhou H. The morphological features and mitochondrial oxidative stress mechanism of the retinal neurons apoptosis in early diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:678123. [PMID: 24527463 PMCID: PMC3910261 DOI: 10.1155/2014/678123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to explore the relationship of retinal neuron apoptosis and manganese superoxidase dismutase (MnSOD) at early phase of diabetic retinopathy. Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into normal controls and diabetics. Data were collected after 4, 8, and 12 weeks (n = 12). The pathological changes and ultrastructure of the retina, the apoptosis rate of retinal neurons by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end label (TUNEL), mRNA expressions of MnSOD and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), and the activities of total SOD (T-SOD) and subtypes of SOD were tested. For the controls, there was no abnormal structure or apoptosis of retinal neurons at any time. There was no change of structure for rats with diabetes at 4 or 8 weeks, but there was a decrease of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) number and thinner inner nuclear layer (INL) at 12 weeks. The apoptosis ratio of RGCs was higher than that of the controls at 8 and 12 weeks (P < 0.001). The activity and mRNA levels of MnSOD were lower in diabetics at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (P < 0.05). In summary, the apoptosis of the retinal neurons occurred at 8 weeks after the onset of diabetes. Retinal neuron apoptosis in early diabetic rats may be associated with the decreased activity and mRNA of MnSOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Maonian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- *Maonian Zhang:
| | - Huanfen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
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Intervention in cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress and DNA damage by a flavonyl-thiazolidinedione based organoselenocyanate and evaluation of its efficacy during adjuvant therapy in tumor bearing mice. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 73:195-209. [PMID: 24412495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel flavonyl-thiazolidinedione based organoselenocyanate compound was synthesized and established as nontoxic at the doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg b.w. in mice. Oral administration of the compound in combination with cyclophosphamide (CP) resulted in an improved therapeutic efficacy which was mostly evidenced in terms of tumor burden and protection of normal cells. The adjuvant therapy was proved to be immensely significant in increasing the mean survivability of the tumor bearing hosts. Reduction in the tumor volume was manifested through the induction of apoptosis and generation of ROS in transformed cells. Moreover, the organoselenium compound could efficiently suppress CP-induced DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, hepatic damage and enhanced the activities of various antioxidant enzymes in normal cells.
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Sun WG, Weydert CJ, Zhang Y, Yu L, Liu J, Spitz DR, Cullen JJ, Oberley LW. Superoxide Enhances the Antitumor Combination of AdMnSOD Plus BCNU in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 2:68-87. [PMID: 20532186 PMCID: PMC2880814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) can sensitize a variety of cancer cell lines to many anticancer drugs. Recent work has shown that cancer cells can be sensitized to cell killing by raising peroxide levels through increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) when combined with inhibition of peroxide removal. Here we utilize the mechanistic property of one such anticancer drug, BCNU, which inhibits glutathione reductase (GR), compromising the glutathione peroxidase system thereby inhibiting peroxide removal. The purpose of this study was to determine if anticancer modalities known to produce superoxide radicals can increase the antitumor effect of MnSOD overexpression when combined with BCNU. To enhance MnSOD, an adenoviral construct containing the cDNA for MnSOD (AdMnSOD) was introduced into human breast cancer cell line, ZR-75-1. AdMnSOD infection alone did not alter cell killing, however when GR was inhibited with either BCNU or siRNA, cytotoxicity increased. Futhermore, when the AdMnSOD + BCNU treatment was combined with agents that enhance steady-state levels of superoxide (TNF-α, antimycin, adriamycin, photosensitizers, and ionizing radiation), both cell cytotoxicity and intracellular peroxide levels increased. These results suggest that the anticancer effect of AdMnSOD combined with BCNU can be enhanced by agents that increase generation of superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing G. Sun
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; E-Mails: (W.S.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Christine J. Weydert
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; E-Mails: (W.S.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; E-Mails: (W.S.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Lei Yu
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; E-Mails: (W.S.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Jingru Liu
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; E-Mails: (W.S.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; E-Mails: (W.S.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; E-Mails: (W.S.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa and the VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-319-353-8297; Fax: +1-319-335-8039
| | - Larry W. Oberley
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, USA; E-Mails: (W.S.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.L.); (D.S.)
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35
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Magalhães-Padilha DM, Geisler-Lee J, Wischral A, Gastal MO, Fonseca GR, Eloy YRG, Geisler M, Figueiredo JR, Gastal EL. Gene Expression During Early Folliculogenesis in Goats Using Microarray Analysis. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:19. [PMID: 23759311 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of gene expression and metabolic, biological and physiological pathways in ovarian follicular development can have a significant impact on the dynamics of follicular atresia or survival. In fact, some oocyte loss occurs during the transition from secondary to early tertiary follicles. This study aimed to understand, by microarray analysis, the temporal changes in transcriptional profiles of secondary and early antral (tertiary) follicles in caprine ovaries. Ovarian follicles were microdissected and pooled to extract total RNA. The RNA was cross hybridized with the bovine array. Among 23,987 bovine genes, a total of 14,323 genes were hybridized with goat mRNAs while 9,664 genes were not. Of all the hybridized genes, 2,466 were stage-specific, up- and down-regulated in the transition from secondary to early tertiary follicles. Gene expression profiles showed that three major metabolic pathways (lipid metabolism, cell death, and hematological system) were significantly differentiated between the two follicle stages. In conclusion, this study has identified important genes and pathways which may potentially be involved in the transition from secondary to early tertiary follicles in goats.
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36
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Skjærven KH, Penglase S, Olsvik PA, Hamre K. Redox regulation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryos developing under normal and heat-stressed conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 57:29-38. [PMID: 23246569 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With regard to predicted oceanic warming, we studied the effects of heat stress on the redox system during embryonic development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), with emphasis on the glutathione balance, activities of key antioxidant enzymes, and their mRNA levels. The embryos were incubated at optimal temperature for development (6 °C) or slightly above the threshold temperature (10 °C). The regulation of all the redox-related parameters measured at optimum development was highly dynamic and complex, indicating the importance of both maternal and zygotic contributions to maintaining redox equilibrium. Development at 10 °C caused a significantly higher mortality at the blastula and early gastrula stages, indicating severe stress. Measures of the glutathione redox couple showed a significantly more reduced state in embryos at 10 °C compared to 6 °C at the post-gastrula stages. Mean normalized expression of nrf2, trxred, g6pd, gclc, nox1, CuZnsod, and mt in embryos kept at 10 °C revealed stage-specific significantly reduced mRNA levels. Activities of antioxidant enzymes changed both during ontogenesis and in response to temperature, but did not correlate with mRNA levels. As the embryos need a tightly regulated redox environment to coordinate between growth and differentiation, these findings suggest that the altered redox balance might participate in inducing phenotypic changes caused by elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja H Skjærven
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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Brewer AC, Mustafi SB, Murray TVA, Rajasekaran NS, Benjamin IJ. Reductive stress linked to small HSPs, G6PD, and Nrf2 pathways in heart disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1114-27. [PMID: 22938199 PMCID: PMC3567781 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Aerobic organisms must exist between the dueling biological metabolic processes for energy and respiration and the obligatory generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose deleterious consequences can reduce survival. Wide fluctuations in harmful ROS generation are circumvented by endogenous countermeasures (i.e., enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants systems) whose capacity decline with aging and are enhanced by disease states. RECENT ADVANCES Substantial efforts on the cellular and molecular underpinnings of oxidative stress has been complemented recently by the discovery that reductive stress similarly predisposes to inheritable cardiomyopathy, firmly establishing that the biological extremes of the redox spectrum play essential roles in disease pathogenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES Because antioxidants by nutritional or pharmacological supplement to prevent or mitigate disease states have been largely disappointing, we hypothesize that lack of efficacy of antioxidants might be related to adverse outcomes in responders at the reductive end of the redox spectrum. As emerging concepts, such as reductive, as opposed, oxidative stress are further explored, there is an urgent and critical gap for biochemical phenotyping to guide the targeted clinical applications of therapeutic interventions. FUTURE DIRECTIONS New approaches are vitally needed for characterizing redox states with the long-term goal to noninvasively assess distinct clinical states (e.g., presymptomatic, end-stage) with the diagnostic accuracy to guide personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Brewer
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College, London, UK
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Strakovsky RS, Pan YX. In utero oxidative stress epigenetically programs antioxidant defense capacity and adulthood diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:237-53. [PMID: 22035055 PMCID: PMC6918535 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Maternal health and diet during gestation are critical for predicting fetal outcomes, both immediately at birth and in adulthood. While epigenetic modifications have previously been tightly linked to carcinogenesis, recent advances in the field have suggested that numerous adulthood diseases, including those characteristic of metabolic syndrome, could be programmed in utero in response to maternal exposures, and these "programmable" diseases are associated with epigenetic modifications of vital genes. RECENT ADVANCES While little is currently known about the epigenetic regulation of the antioxidant (AOX) defense system, several studies in animals show that AOX defense capacity may be programmed in utero, making it likely that the critical genes involved in this pathway are epigenetically regulated, either by DNA methylation or by the modification of histone tails. CRITICAL ISSUES This article presents the most current knowledge of the in utero regulation of the AOX defense capacity, and will specifically focus on the potential epigenetic regulation of this system in response to various in utero exposures or stimuli. The ability to appropriately respond to oxidative stress is critical for the health and survival of any organism, and the potential programming of this capacity may provide a link between the in utero environment and the tendency of certain individuals to be more susceptible toward disease stimuli in their postnatal environments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We sincerely hope that future studies which result in a deeper understanding of the in utero programming of the epigenome will lead to novel and effective therapies for the treatment of epigenetically linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Strakovsky
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Freitas M, Baldeiras I, Proença T, Alves V, Mota-Pinto A, Sarmento-Ribeiro A. Oxidative stress adaptation in aggressive prostate cancer may be counteracted by the reduction of glutathione reductase. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:119-28. [PMID: 23650590 PMCID: PMC3642126 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with prostate cancer development and progression due to an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanisms whereby ROS and the antioxidant system participate in cancer progression remain unclear. In order to clarify the influence of oxidative stress in prostate cancer progression, we performed this study in two human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and HPV10 (from metastasis and from localized cancer, respectively) and RWPE1 cells derived from normal prostate epithelium. Cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and PC3 cells were also treated with diethyl maleate (DEM). The effect on cell growth, viability, mitochondria membrane potential and oxidative stress was analysed. Oxidative stress was evaluated based on ROS production, oxidative lesion of lipids (MDA) and on determination of antioxidants, including enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase (Gl-Px), glutathione reductase (Gl-Red) and on the quantification of glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and total antioxidant status (TAS). PC3 shows higher ROS production but also the highest GSH levels and Gl-Red activity, possibly contributing to oxidative stress resistance. This is also associated with higher mitochondrial membrane potential, TAS and lower lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, we identified Gl-Red activity reduction as a new strategy in overcoming oxidative stress resistance, by inducing H2O2 cytotoxicity. Therefore these results suggest Gl-Red activity reduction as a new potential therapeutic approach, in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Freitas
- General Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal ; CIMAGO - Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Apartado, 9015 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal ; CNC - Centre of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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Harris C, Hansen JM. Nrf2-mediated resistance to oxidant-induced redox disruption in embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 95:213-8. [PMID: 22495766 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Events that control developmental changes occur during specific windows of gestation and if disrupted, can lead to dysmorphogenesis or embryolethality. One largely understudied aspect of developmental control is redox regulation, where the untimely disruption of intracellular redox potentials (E(h) ) may alter development, suggesting that tight control of developmental-stage-specific redox states is necessary to support normal development. In this study, mouse gestational day 8.5 embryos in whole embryo culture were treated with 10 μM dithiole-3-thione (D3T), an inducer of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). After 14 hr, D3T-treated and -untreated conceptuses were challenged with 200 μM hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to induce oxidant-induced change to intracellular E(h) s. Redox potentials of glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin-1 (Trx1), and mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 (Trx2) were then measured over a 2-hr rebounding period following H₂O₂ treatment. D3T treatment increased embryonic expression of known Nrf2-regulated genes, including those responsible for redox regulation of major intracellular redox couples. Exposure to H₂O₂ without prior D3T treatment produced significant oxidation of GSH, Trx1, and Trx2, based on E(h) values, where GSH and Trx2 E(h) recovered, reaching to pre-H₂O₂ E(h) ranges, but Trx1 E(h) remained oxidized. Following H₂O₂ addition in culture to embryos that received D3T pretreatments, GSH, Trx1, and Trx2 were insulated from significant oxidation. These data show that Nrf2 activation may serve as a means to protect the embryo from chemically induced oxidative stress through the preservation of intracellular redox states during development, allowing normal morphogenesis to ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Harris
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Back P, De Vos WH, Depuydt GG, Matthijssens F, Vanfleteren JR, Braeckman BP. Exploring real-time in vivo redox biology of developing and aging Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:850-9. [PMID: 22226831 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are no longer considered merely toxic by-products of the oxidative metabolism. Tightly controlled concentrations of ROS and fluctuations in redox potential may be important mediators of signaling processes. Understanding the role of ROS and redox status in physiology, stress response, development, and aging requires their nondisruptive, spatiotemporal, real-time quantification in a living organism. We established Caenorhabditis elegans strains bearing the genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors HyPer and Grx1-roGFP2 for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the glutathione redox potential, respectively. Although, given its transparency and genetic tractability, C. elegans is perfectly suitable as a model organism for such approaches, they have never been tried before in this nematode. We found that H(2)O(2) treatment clearly induces a dose-dependent, reversible response of both biosensors in the living worms. The ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione decreases during postembryonic development. H(2)O(2) levels increase with age and this effect is delayed when life span is extended by dietary restriction. In young adults, we detected several regions with distinct redox properties that may be linked to their biological function. Our findings demonstrate that genetically encoded biosensors can reveal previously unknown details of in vivo redox biology in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Back
- Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
The main objective of this review is to examine the role of endogenous reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS) in the aging process. Until relatively recently, ROS were considered to be potentially toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, which, if not eliminated, may inflict structural damage on various macromolecules. Accrual of such damage over time was postulated to be responsible for the physiological deterioration in the postreproductive phase of life and eventually the death of the organism. This "structural damage-based oxidative stress" hypothesis has received support from the age-associated increases in the rate of ROS production and the steady-state amounts of oxidized macromolecules; however, there are increasing indications that structural damage alone is insufficient to satisfactorily explain the age-associated functional losses. The level of oxidative damage accrued during aging often does not match the magnitude of functional losses. Although experimental augmentation of antioxidant defenses tends to enhance resistance to induced oxidative stress, such manipulations are generally ineffective in the extension of life span of long-lived strains of animals. More recently, in a major conceptual shift, ROS have been found to be physiologically vital for signal transduction, gene regulation, and redox regulation, among others, implying that their complete elimination would be harmful. An alternative notion, advocated here, termed the "redox stress hypothesis," proposes that aging-associated functional losses are primarily caused by a progressive pro-oxidizing shift in the redox state of the cells, which leads to the overoxidation of redox-sensitive protein thiols and the consequent disruption of the redox-regulated signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajindar S Sohal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - William C Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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43
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Administration of Histidine to Female Rats Induces Changes in Oxidative Status in Cortex and Hippocampus of the Offspring. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1031-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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44
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Hao Y, Cheng D, Ma Y, Zhou W, Wang Y. The Relationship Between Oxygen Concentration, Reactive Oxygen Species and the Biological Characteristics of Human Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2755-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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45
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Role of oxidative stress and the mitochondrial permeability transition in methylmercury cytotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:526-34. [PMID: 21871920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of methylmercury (MeHg) neurotoxicity. Studies of mature neurons suggest that the mitochondrion may be a major source of MeHg-induced reactive oxygen species and a critical mediator of MeHg-induced neuronal death, likely by activation of apoptotic pathways. It is unclear, however, whether the mitochondria of developing and mature neurons are equally susceptible to MeHg. Murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, which differentiate into neurons following exposure to retinoic acid, were used to compare the differentiation-dependent effects of MeHg on ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization. EC cells and their neuronal derivatives were pre-incubated with the ROS indicator 2',7'-dichlorofluoroscein diacetate or tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, an indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential, with or without cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy in the presence of 1.5 μM MeHg. To examine consequences of mitochondrial perturbation, immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome c (cyt c) was determined after incubation of cells in MeHg for 4 h. MeHg treatment induced earlier and significantly higher levels of ROS production and more extensive mitochondrial depolarization in neurons than in undifferentiated EC cells. CsA completely inhibited mitochondrial depolarization by MeHg in EC cells but only delayed this response in the neurons. In contrast, CsA significantly inhibited MeHg-induced neuronal ROS production. Cyt c release was also more extensive in neurons, with less protection afforded by CsA. These data indicate that neuronal differentiation state influences mitochondrial transition pore dynamics and MeHg-stimulated production of ROS.
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46
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Schnorr CE, Morrone MDS, Weber MH, Lorenzi R, Behr GA, Moreira JCF. The effects of vitamin A supplementation to rats during gestation and lactation upon redox parameters: increased oxidative stress and redox modulation in mothers and their offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2645-54. [PMID: 21771631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required in adequate amounts for reproduction and development. Subtle variations in the status of maternal nutrition may affect physiological and metabolic parameters in the fetus. Evidence suggests a key role for oxidative stress in these events. Literature is controversial about the effects of vitamin A supplementation. Here, we studied the effects of vitamin A supplementation on female Wistar rats during gestation and lactation on oxidative stress parameters of maternal and offspring tissues. Rats received daily doses of vitamin A at 2500, 12,500 and 25,000IU/kg. We observed an increase of oxidative damage markers in the reproductive tissues and plasma of dams. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase was modulated by vitamin A supplementation. It was found to be increased in the liver of dams and decreased in the kidneys of mothers and offspring. In pups, supplementation decreased the total antioxidant potential of the liver along with decreased superoxide dismutase/catalase activity ratio in the kidney. The levels of lipoperoxidation were increased in male offspring, but decreased in female pups. Collectively, the results suggest that excessive vitamin A intake during gestation and lactation might be toxic for mothers with adverse effects for the developing offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Schnorr
- Centro de Estudos de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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47
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Marzullo G, Boklage CE. Bimodal rhythms of general conceptions and the birth-month phenomenon in schizophrenia, neural tube defects, and laterality: A solstitial hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:249-57. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Structure, photophysics, electrochemistry, DFT calculation, and in-vitro antioxidant activity of coumarin Schiff base complexes of Group 6 metal carbonyls. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:577-88. [PMID: 21419093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Papapostolou I, Georgiou CD. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in the sclerotial differentiation of filamentous phytopathogenic fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 109:1929-36. [PMID: 20681971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of H(2) O(2) and the related oxidative stress markers catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation in the sclerotial differentiation of the phytopathogenic filamentous fungi Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia minor, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the H(2) O(2) -specific scopoletin fluorometric assay and the CAT-dependent H(2) O(2) consumption assays, it was found that the production rate of intra/extracellular H(2) O(2) and CAT levels in the sclerotiogenic fungi were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those of their nondifferentiating counterpart strains. They peaked in the transition between the undifferentiated and the differentiated state of the sclerotiogenic strains, suggesting both a cell proliferative and differentiative role. In addition, the indirect indicator of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, was substantially decreased in the nondifferentiating strains. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the differentiative role of H(2) O(2) is expressed via induction of higher oxidative stress in the sclerotiogenic filamentous phytopathogenic fungi. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that the direct marker of oxidative stress H(2) O(2) is involved in the sclerotial differentiation of the phytopathogenic filamentous fungi S. rolfsii, S. minor, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani, which could have potential biotechnological implications in terms of developing antifungal strategies by regulating intracellular H(2) O(2) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Papapostolou
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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50
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Case AJ, McGill JL, Tygrett LT, Shirasawa T, Spitz DR, Waldschmidt TJ, Legge KL, Domann FE. Elevated mitochondrial superoxide disrupts normal T cell development, impairing adaptive immune responses to an influenza challenge. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:448-58. [PMID: 21130157 PMCID: PMC3026081 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical in a broad spectrum of cellular processes including signaling, tumor progression, and innate immunity. The essential nature of ROS signaling in the immune systems of Drosophila and zebrafish has been demonstrated; however, the role of ROS, if any, in mammalian adaptive immune system development and function remains unknown. This work provides the first clear demonstration that thymus-specific elevation of mitochondrial superoxide (O(2)(•-)) disrupts normal T cell development and impairs the function of the mammalian adaptive immune system. To assess the effect of elevated mitochondrial superoxide in the developing thymus, we used a T-cell-specific knockout of manganese superoxide dismutase (i.e., SOD2) and have thus established a murine model to examine the role of mitochondrial superoxide in T cell development. Conditional loss of SOD2 led to increased superoxide, apoptosis, and developmental defects in the T cell population, resulting in immunodeficiency and susceptibility to the influenza A virus H1N1. This phenotype was rescued with mitochondrially targeted superoxide-scavenging drugs. These findings demonstrate that loss of regulated levels of mitochondrial superoxide lead to aberrant T cell development and function, and further suggest that manipulations of mitochondrial superoxide levels may significantly alter clinical outcomes resulting from viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Case
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jodi L. McGill
- Department of Pathology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Lorraine T. Tygrett
- Department of Pathology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Takuji Shirasawa
- Juntendo University, Department of Aging Control Medicine, Hongo 3-3-10-201, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Thomas J. Waldschmidt
- Department of Pathology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Kevin L. Legge
- Department of Pathology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Frederick E. Domann
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Corresponding Author: Frederick E. Domann, PhD, B180 Medical Laboratories, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, Phone: 319-335-8019, Fax: 319-335-8039,
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