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Ding CW, Wang CS, Zhao P, Chen ML, Zhang YC, Liu CF. Shear wave elastography characteristics of the gastrocnemius muscle in postural instability gait disorder vs tremor dominant Parkinson's disease patients. Acta Neurol Belg 2024:10.1007/s13760-024-02547-4. [PMID: 39037538 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-024-02547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the characteristics of muscle stiffness of lower gastrocnemius in resting and exercise states in patients with postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) and tremor dominant (TD) Parkinson's disease patients using shear wave elastography (SWE). DATA AND METHODS 75 PD patients from the Department of Parkinson's Disease Center in the Hospital from September 2021 to December 2022 were prospectively included, including 44 patients with PIGD and 31 with TD. In the same period, 40 healthy subjects matching gender and age were included as the control group. SWE was used to detect Young's modulus of both sides (right and left, R- and L-) of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius in resting (YM1) and exerciser states (YM2) in all participants and the absolute difference Young's modulus between resting and exercise state (ΔYM) was calculated. RESULTS R-YM2 and R-ΔYM were the highest in the normal controls, followed by the TD group, and lowest in the PIGD group. There were no differences in L-YM2 and L-ΔYM between the PIGD group and the TD group (all p > 0.05), but they were lower than those in the normal control group (all p < 0.05). In addition, R-YM2 and R-ΔYM were negatively correlated with disease duration and UPDRS III scores in the PIGD group (all p < 0.05). R-ΔYM has the highest value in the differential diagnosis of PIGD and TD patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve is 0.812 (95%CI, 0.730-0.893), and the diagnostic threshold is 120.5 Kpa with a sensitivity of 63.6%, a specificity of 90.1%, a positive predictive of 80%, and a negative predictive value of 80%. CONCLUSION Shear wave elastography is a sensitive ultrasound method for evaluating muscle strength in patients with PIGD and TD. It also provides a new biological indicator to distinguish between different phenotypes of patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wei Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Cai Shan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Ming Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Chun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 San Xiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Chun Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Mathew J, Zuckerman SL, Marciano G, Simhon M, Lin H, Cerpa M, Lee NJ, Boddapati V, Lehman RA, Sardar ZM, Dyrszka MD, Lombardi JM, Lenke LG. What Radiographic and Clinical Factors Ultimately Necessitate a C2-Sacrum Instrumented Posterior Spinal Fusion? Global Spine J 2024; 14:1210-1219. [PMID: 36345053 DOI: 10.1177/21925682221137031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE /Hypothesis: Patients undergoing C2-sacrum PSF have unique medical histories and multiple prior operations over an extended period. DESIGN Single center, retrospective cohort. METHODS Consecutive C2-sacrum PSF patients operated on by 4 surgeons at a single-center from 2015-2020 were reviewed. Demographics, comorbidities, indications, surgical history, and radiographic parameters were collected. RESULTS 23 patients underwent C2-sacrum PSF. 13 (57%) were male, and 21 (91.3%) were adults. Mean age at time of first spine surgery was 44 years (range 5-71) and 53 years (range 14-72) at the time of C2-sacrum PSF. Six patients (26%) had osteoporosis, and 6 patients (26%) had neurologic comorbidities-including Parkinson's disease (4), cerebral palsy (1), and Brown Sequard syndrome (1). Four (17%) had connective tissue disease. Two patients underwent C2-sacrum PSF as an index procedure: (1) 67M with myelomatous fractures and 124° of cervicothoracic kyphosis; (2) 28F with severe Marfan syndrome with 140° thoracic scoliosis and 130° thoracic kyphosis. The remaining 21 (91%) underwent C2-sacrum PSF as a revision following prior spinal surgeries on average, 4 previous surgeries (range 1-13) over 10.5 years (range .3-37.4). Indications for the remaining 21 C2-sacrum PSF revision procedures included 17 (81%) for kyphosis (5 of whom also had significant coronal deformity), 1 (5%) for only coronal malalignment, 2 (10%) for instrumentation failure, and 1 (5%) for myelopathy. CONCLUSIONS 91% (21/23) of patients requiring C2-sacrum PSF were treated as revisions of prior fusions, with a mean of 4 prior surgeries over 10 years. Over 80% of these patients underwent C2-sacrum PSF to address kyphosis. 26% had neurologic conditions, and 26% had osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Mathew
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott L Zuckerman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gerard Marciano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Simhon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghan Cerpa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan J Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkat Boddapati
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald A Lehman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeeshan M Sardar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc D Dyrszka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M Lombardi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence G Lenke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Monte A, Magris R, Nardello F, Bombieri F, Zamparo P. Muscle shape changes in Parkinson's disease impair function during rapid contractions. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e13957. [PMID: 36876976 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized, among the others, by muscle weakness. PD patients reach lower values of peak torque during maximal voluntary contractions but also slower rates of torque development (RTD) during explosive contractions. The aim of this study was to better understand how an impairment in structural/mechanical (peripheral) factors could explain the difficulty of PD patients to raise torque rapidly. METHODS Participants (PD patients and healthy matched controls) performed maximum voluntary explosive fixed-end contraction of the knee extensor muscles during which dynamic muscle shape changes (in muscle thickness, pennation angle, and belly gearing: the ratio between muscle belly velocity and fascicle velocity), muscle-tendon unit (MTU) stiffness and EMG activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) were investigated. Both the affected (PDA) and less affected limb (PDNA) were investigated in patients. RESULTS Control participants reached higher values of peak torque and showed a better capacity to express force rapidly compared to patients (PDA and PDNA). EMG activity was observed to differ between patients (PDA) and controls, but not between controls and PDNA. This suggests a specific neural/nervous effect on the most affected side. On the contrary, MTU stiffness and dynamic muscle shape changes were found to differ between controls and patients, but not between PDA and PDNA. Both sides are thus similarly affected by the pathology. CONCLUSION The higher MTU stiffness in PD patients is likely responsible for the impaired muscle capability to change in shape which, in turn, negatively affects the torque rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Magris
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Nardello
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Bombieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Zamparo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Muscle Strength and Power in People With Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Neurol Phys Ther 2023; 47:3-15. [PMID: 36318503 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE No studies have synthesized the literature regarding mechanical muscle function (ie, strength, power, rate of force development [RFD]) in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Here, we aimed to expand our understanding of mechanical muscle function in people with PD (PwPD) by systematically reviewing (1) the psychometric properties of isokinetic/isometric dynamometry in PD, (2) the literature comparing mechanical muscle function in PwPD with healthy controls (HC), and (3) reported associations between muscle mechanical muscle function and functional capacity and/or disease severity. METHODS Systematic literature search in 6 databases. Included studies had to (1) enroll and report data on PwPD, (2) include assessment(s) of psychometric properties (ie, validity, reliability, responsiveness) of isokinetic/isometric dynamometry in PD, and/or (3) assess mechanical muscle function in both PwPD and HC using isokinetic/isometric dynamometry. RESULTS A total of 40 studies were included. Aim 1 studies (n = 2) showed high reliability for isometric dynamometry (hip-abductor/dorsiflexor/trunk flexor-extensor/handgrip: intraclass correlations coefficients range = 0.92-0.98). Aim 2 studies (n = 40) showed impaired mechanical muscle function (ie, strength, power, RFD) in PwPD compared with HC (effect sizes range = 0.52-1.89). Aim 3 studies (n = 11) showed weak-to-strong associations between overall and lower extremities muscle strength and functional capacity and/or disease severity outcomes (ie, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Sparse methodological evidence suggests high reliability when using dynamometry in PwPD. Muscle strength, power, and RFD are impaired in PwPD compared with HC. Muscle strength is associated with functional capacity and disease severity.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A403 ).
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de Góes MCR, Sarmento A, Lima I, Lyra M, Lima C, Aliverti A, Resqueti V, Fregonezi GAF. After-effects of thixotropic conditionings on operational chest wall and compartmental volumes of patients with Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275584. [PMID: 36240169 PMCID: PMC9565399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) present respiratory dysfunctions, mainly due to decreased chest wall expansion, which worsens with the course of the disease. These findings contribute to the restrictive respiratory pattern and the reduction in chest wall volume. According to literature, inspiratory muscle thixotropic conditioning maneuvers may improve lung volumes in these patients. The study aimed to determine the after-effects of respiratory muscle thixotropic maneuvers on breathing patterns and chest wall volumes of PD. A crossover study was performed with twelve patients with PD (8 males; mean age 63.9±8.8 years, FVC%pred 89.7±13.9, FEV1%pred 91.2±15, FEV1/FVC%pred 83.7±5.7). Chest wall volumes were assessed using OEP during thixotropic maneuvers. Increases in EIVCW (mean of 126mL, p = 0.01) and EEVCW (mean of 150mL, p = 0.005) were observed after DITLC (deep inspiration from total lung capacity) due to increases in pulmonary (RCp) and abdominal (RCa) ribcage compartments. Changes in ICoTLC (inspiratory contraction from TLC) led to significant EIVCW (mean of 224mL, p = 0.001) and EEVCW (mean of 229mL, p = 0.02) increases that were mainly observed in the RCp. No significant changes were found when performing DERV (deep expiration from residual volume) and ICoRV (Inspiratory contraction from RV). Positive correlations were also observed between the degree of inspiratory contraction during ICoTLC and EEVRCp (rho = 0.613, p = 0.03) and EIVRCp (rho = 0.697, p = 0.01) changes. Thixotropy conditioning of inspiratory muscles at an inflated chest wall volume increases EIVCW and EEVCW in the ten subsequent breaths in PD patients. These maneuvers are easy to perform, free of equipment, low-cost, and may help patients improve chest wall volumes during rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Rodrigues de Góes
- PneumoCardioVascular Laboratory—Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) & Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sarmento
- PneumoCardioVascular Laboratory—Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) & Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Illia Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairí (FACISA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | - Marina Lyra
- PneumoCardioVascular Laboratory—Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) & Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Lima
- PneumoCardioVascular Laboratory—Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) & Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Andrea Aliverti
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Resqueti
- PneumoCardioVascular Laboratory—Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) & Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A. F. Fregonezi
- PneumoCardioVascular Laboratory—Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) & Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Vojtech JM, Stepp CE. Effects of Age and Parkinson's Disease on the Relationship between Vocal Fold Abductory Kinematics and Relative Fundamental Frequency. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00070-4. [PMID: 35393167 PMCID: PMC9532464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reports on two experiments to examine vocal fold abduction and its relationship with relative fundamental frequency (RFF), considering two attributes that have been shown to elicit group differences in RFF: age (Experiment 1) and Parkinson's disease (PD; Experiment 2). METHODS For both experiments, simultaneous acoustic and nasendoscopic recordings were collected as participants produced the utterance, /ifi/. RFF values were computed from the acoustic signal, whereas abduction duration and glottic angle at voicing offset were identified from the laryngoscopic images. In Experiment 1, 50 speakers with typical voices (18-83 years) were analyzed to examine (1A) the effects of speaker age on individual outcome measures (RFF, abduction duration, glottic angle) via Pearson's correlation coefficients, and (1B) the effects of abductory measures and age on RFF via an analysis of covariance. In Experiment 2, 20 speakers with PD and 20 matched controls were analyzed to examine (2A) the effects of group (with/without PD) on outcome measures via an analysis of variance, and (2B) the relationship of RFF with abduction duration, glottic angle, and age when considering group via an analysis of covariance. RESULTS Age demonstrated a significant, negative relationship with glottic angle (1A) but was not a significant factor when examining the relationship of vocal fold abduction and RFF (1B). Speaker group (with/without PD) demonstrated a significant effect on measures of RFF and abduction duration (2A) but was not a significant factor when examining the relationship of vocal fold abduction and RFF (2B). CONCLUSIONS RFF is sensitive to changes in vocal fold abductory patterns during devoicing, irrespective of speaker age or PD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Vojtech
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Delsys, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts; Altec, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts.
| | - Cara E Stepp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Fundaró C, Gazzoni M, Pinna GD, Dallocchio C, Rainoldi A, Casale R. Is fatigue a muscular phenomenon in Parkinson's disease? Implications for rehabilitation. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 57:691-700. [PMID: 33947826 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue in Parkinson's Disease (PD) compromises patients' physical activity and poses questions on how to plan correct rehabilitation training. In addition, the relationship between subjective perceived fatigue and fatigue in motor performance is not yet entirely understood. As a consequence, a conclusive interpretation of muscular mechanisms of fatigue in PD has not yet been achieved. Among the various instrumental evaluations for fatigue, multichannel surface electromyography (sEMG) is a recognized tool that permits the study of myoelectric manifestations of fatigue. AIM To assess if muscles in PD show a different myoelectric fatigue pattern compared to the muscles of healthy age-matched subjects. DESIGN Observational controlled study. POPULATION Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease, Hohen &Yahr II and III stage, Parkinsonian Fatigue Scale average score ≥ 2.95, no therapy modification in the 4 weeks preceding the study; exclusion criteria: Mini Mental State Examination ≤ 24, upper limb disease/symptoms that might interfere with sEMG analysis, presence of other fatiguerelated conditions. Twenty patients were selected according to these criteria. Twenty untrained healthy subjects were matched. METHODS All subjects underwent a muscle fatigue protocol and a sEMG analysis of the right biceps brachii muscle during electrically stimulated and voluntary contractions in order to obtain a myoelectric fatigue muscular pattern. The myoelectric pattern is characterized by the modifications of the following sEMG variables: reduction of mean frequency and muscle fibre conduction velocity, increase of average rectified value. RESULTS No statistical differences where observed between groups for sEMG variables and muscular electric behaviour in all contraction conditions (all p> .05). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that parkinsonian muscles does not differ from the muscles of healthy age-matched subjects in developing peripheral myoelectric fatigue. Nevertheless, the role of fatigue perception at rest and particularly during physical activity must be clearly understood in order to further target the rehabilitative approach for fatigued parkinsonian patients and to reduce hypomobility. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT In rehabilitative terms, these findings allow us to highlight the possibility of performing sustained training with isometric contractions in PD subjects; therefore, fatigue "per se" does not constitute a barrier for the execution of muscular exercises, likewise intensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cira Fundaró
- Neurophysiopathology Unit of Montescano Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCSS, Pavia, Italy -
| | - Marco Gazzoni
- LISiN, Laboratory of Engineering of Neuromuscular System, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Domenico Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering of Montescano Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Dallocchio
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Area, ASST Pavia, Voghera, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainoldi
- Department of Medical Sciences, NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Casale
- OPUSMedica PC&R, Persons, Care & Research, Piacenza, Italy
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Ding CW, Song X, Fu XY, Zhang YC, Mao P, Sheng YJ, Yang M, Wang CS, Zhang Y, Chen XF, Mao CJ, Luo WF, Liu CF. Shear wave elastography characteristics of upper limb muscle in rigidity-dominant Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4155-4162. [PMID: 33538915 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rigidity is one of the major manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), but no quantitative and objective imaging method has been developed to measure rigidity. Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) can reflect the stiffness of tissue by providing a quantitative index. Thus, we conducted this study to evaluate the potential clinical value of SWE in assessing rigidity in PD. METHODS A total of 63 subjects (44 patients with rigidity-dominant PD and 19 right-dominant-hand normal controls with matched age) were enrolled, and each underwent ultrasound SWE testing. The tests were conducted on the brachioradialis (BR) and biceps brachii (BB) on the more affected side in patients with PD and on the right side in normal controls. Differences in quantitative shear wave velocity (SWV) between patients with PD and normal controls were determined. The relationship of muscle SWV with joint rigidity, UPDRSIII, disease duration, sex, and age in patients with PD was analyzed. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the reliability of SWE in assessing muscle stiffness in patients with PD. RESULTS The mean SWVs of the BB and BR were higher in the PD group (3.65±0.46 and 4.62±0.89 m/s, respectively) than in normal controls (2.79±0.37 and 3.26±0.40 m/s, respectively). Stiffness in BR and BB was correlated with the upper-limb joint rigidity, UPDRSIII, and disease duration but not with sex or age in the PD group. The intraobserver correlation coefficients (ICCs) for interobserver and intraobserver variations in measuring SWV were 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.56-0.95) and 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.58-0.95), respectively, for BR and 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.73-0.97) and 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.61-0.95), respectively, for BB. CONCLUSIONS SWV is associated with joint rigidity and disease duration, indicating that SWE can be potentially used as an objective and quantitative tool for evaluating rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wei Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xin Yu Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Ying Chun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Pan Mao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yu Jing Sheng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Cai Shan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xiao Fang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Cheng Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Feng Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Changes in corticomotor pathway excitability after exercise training in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3375-3381. [PMID: 33411200 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered corticospinal excitability in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to many of the motor signs. OBJECTIVE We examined whether the recruitment properties of the corticospinal pathway to hand muscles are changed after 8 weeks of specialized upper limbs exercise in PD. METHODS Seven PD subjects were enrolled. Upper limb exercise was achieved by using a specially designed device. The input-output (I-O) curves were obtained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The conduction of peripheral axons and H reflex was also recorded. UPDRS scale, part-III motor examination was used to assess the motor symptom. Clinical and neurophysiological data were obtained before and after 2-month exercise training. RESULTS After 2-month exercise training, the UPDRS score was significantly improved. Threshold, slope, and V50 (i.e., the stimulus intensity required to obtain a response 50% of the maximum) of the I-O curve were unchanged, whereas the plateau value was significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training affects the larger motoneurons, that is those activated at higher TMS stimulation intensity. These motoneurones are related to the large, type II motor units. Clinical improvement after exercise may depend upon restoration of the recruitment of the large motor unit, i.e., those necessary to perform rapid and strong movements, known to be deficient in PD.
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Brain and Muscle: How Central Nervous System Disorders Can Modify the Skeletal Muscle. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121047. [PMID: 33291835 PMCID: PMC7762031 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that nervous and muscular systems work together and that they are strictly dependent in their structure and functions. Consequently, muscles undergo macro and microscopic changes with subsequent alterations after a central nervous system (CNS) disease. Despite this, only a few researchers have addressed the problem of skeletal muscle abnormalities following CNS diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the potential mechanisms responsible for changes in skeletal muscle of patients suffering from some of the most common CSN disorders (Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease). With this purpose, we analyzed the studies published in the last decade. The published studies show an extreme heterogeneity of the assessment modality and examined population. Furthermore, it is evident that thanks to different evaluation methodologies, it is now possible to implement knowledge on muscle morphology, for a long time limited by the requirement of muscle biopsies. This could be the first step to amplify studies aimed to analyze muscle characteristics in CNS disease and developing rehabilitation protocols to prevent and treat the muscle, often neglected in CNS disease.
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11
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Ferreira-Sánchez MDR, Moreno-Verdú M, Cano-de-la-Cuerda R. Quantitative Measurement of Rigidity in Parkinson´s Disease: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E880. [PMID: 32041374 PMCID: PMC7038663 DOI: 10.3390/s20030880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rigidity is one of the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson´s disease (PD). Present in up 89% of cases, it is typically assessed with clinical scales. However, these instruments show limitations due to their subjectivity and poor intra- and inter-rater reliability. To compile all of the objective quantitative methods used to assess rigidity in PD and to study their validity and reliability, a systematic review was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies from January 1975 to June 2019 were included, all of which were written in English. The Strengthening the Reporting of observational studies in Epidemiology Statement (STROBE) checklist for observational studies was used to assess the methodological rigor of the included studies. Thirty-six studies were included. Rigidity was quantitatively assessed in three ways, using servomotors, inertial sensors, and biomechanical and neurophysiological study of muscles. All methods showed good validity and reliability, good correlation with clinical scales, and were useful for detecting rigidity and studying its evolution. People with PD exhibit higher values in terms of objective muscle stiffness than healthy controls. Rigidity depends on the angular velocity and articular amplitude of the mobilization applied. There are objective, valid, and reliable methods that can be used to quantitatively assess rigidity in people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Moreno-Verdú
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Asociación Parkinson Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
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12
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Vieira de Moraes Filho A, Chaves SN, Martins WR, Tolentino GP, de Cássia Pereira Pinto Homem R, Landim de Farias G, Fischer BL, Oliveira JA, Pereira SKA, Vidal SE, Mota MR, Moreno Lima R, Jacó de Oliveira R. Progressive Resistance Training Improves Bradykinesia, Motor Symptoms and Functional Performance in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:87-95. [PMID: 32158202 PMCID: PMC6986410 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s231359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bradykinesia and muscle weaknesses are common symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and are associated with impaired functional performance, increased risk of falls, and reduced quality of life. Recent studies have pointed to progressive resistance training (PRT) as an effective method to control and reduce these symptoms, increasing possibilities to treat the disease. However, few studies have focused on assessing the PRT effects in the short-term. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the short-term PRT effects on people with PD, in order to offer new parameters for a better understanding of its effects, so as an adequation and PRT use as a complementary therapy. Patients and Methods Forty individuals diagnosed with PD from stage 1 to 3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale took part on the study and were allocated into 2 groups; Training Group (TG) performed a 9-week RT program twice a week, and the Control Group (CG) attended disease lectures. Bradykinesia UPDRS subscale (BSS), knee extensors isokinetic strength, Ten Meters Walk Test (TMW), Timed Up&Go Test (TUG) and 30-Second Chair Stand (T30) were measured before and after the intervention period. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results Significant time was noted by the group interaction for all functional tests (TUG, T30, and TWM; all p < 0.01) and BSS (p < 0.01). Post hoc analyses revealed that these differences were driven by significant improvements in these dependent variables (all p < 0.01) while the CG remained unchanged (all p > 0.05). Moreover, TUG, T30, TWM, and BSS were significantly different between TG and CG in the post-training assessments (all p < 0.01). Isokinetic muscle strength was slightly increased in the TG (2.4%) and decreased in the CG (−2.2%), but statistical analyses did not reach significance for interaction but only a trend (p = 0.12). Conclusion The results indicate that 9 weeks of PRT reduces bradykinesia and improves functional performance in patients with mild to moderate PD. These findings reinforce this mode of exercise as an important component of public health promotion programs for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandro Nobre Chaves
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Integrated Colleges IESGO, Formosa, Goias, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Jacó de Oliveira
- College of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,College of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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13
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Sakharkar MK, Kashmir Singh SK, Rajamanickam K, Mohamed Essa M, Yang J, Chidambaram SB. A systems biology approach towards the identification of candidate therapeutic genes and potential biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220995. [PMID: 31487305 PMCID: PMC6728017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an irreversible and incurable multigenic neurodegenerative disorder. It involves progressive loss of mid brain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN). We compared brain gene expression profiles with those from the peripheral blood cells of a separate sample of PD patients to identify disease-associated genes. Here, we demonstrate the use of gene expression profiling of brain and blood for detecting valid targets and identifying early PD biomarkers. Implementing this systematic approach, we discovered putative PD risk genes in brain, delineated biological processes and molecular functions that may be particularly disrupted in PD and also identified several putative PD biomarkers in blood. 20 of the differentially expressed genes in SN were also found to be differentially expressed in the blood. Further application of this methodology to other brain regions and neurological disorders should facilitate the discovery of highly reliable and reproducible candidate risk genes and biomarkers for PD. The identification of valid peripheral biomarkers for PD may ultimately facilitate early identification, intervention, and prevention efforts as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- * E-mail: (MKS); (SBC)
| | | | - Karthic Rajamanickam
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (MKS); (SBC)
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14
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Miroshnichenko GG, Meigal AY, Saenko IV, Gerasimova-Meigal LI, Chernikova LA, Subbotina NS, Rissanen SM, Karjalainen PA. Parameters of Surface Electromyogram Suggest That Dry Immersion Relieves Motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinsonism. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:667. [PMID: 30319343 PMCID: PMC6168649 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry immersion (DI) is acknowledged as a reliable space flight analog condition. At DI, subject is immersed in water being wrapped in a waterproof film to imitate microgravity (μG). Microgravity is known to decrease muscle tone due to deprivation of the sensory stimuli that activate the reflexes that keep up the muscle tone. In contrary, parkinsonian patients are characterized by elevated muscle tone, or rigidity, along with rest tremor and akinesia. We hypothesized that DI can diminish the elevated muscle tone and/or the tremor in parkinsonian patients. Fourteen patients with Parkinson's disease (PD, 10 males, 4 females, 47-73 years) and 5 patients with vascular parkinsonism (VP, 1 male, 4 females, 65-72 years) participated in the study. To evaluate the effect of DI on muscles' functioning, we compared parameters of surface electromyogram (sEMG) measured before and after a single 45-min long immersion session. The sEMG recordings were made from the biceps brachii muscle, bilaterally. Each recording was repeated with the following loading conditions: with arms hanging freely down, and with 0, 1, and 2 kg loading on each hand with elbows flexed to 90°. The sEMG parameters comprised of amplitude, median frequency, time of decay of mutual information, sample entropy, correlation dimension, recurrence rate, and determinism of sEMG. These parameters have earlier been proved to be sensitive to PD severity. We used the Wilcoxon test to decide which parameters were statistically significantly different before and after the dry immersion. Accepting the p < 0.05 significance level, amplitude, time of decay of mutual information, recurrence rate, and determinism tended to decrease, while median frequency and sample entropy of sEMG tended to increase after the DI. The most statistically significant change was for the determinism of sEMG from the left biceps with 1 kg loading, which decreased for 84% of the patients. The results suggest that DI can promptly relieve motor symptoms of parkinsonism. We conclude that DI has strong potential as a rehabilitation method for parkinsonian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- German G Miroshnichenko
- Biosignal Analysis and Medical Imaging Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexander Yu Meigal
- Laboratory for Novel Methods in Physiology, Institute of High-Tech Biomedical Solutions, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Irina V Saenko
- Laboratory of Gravitational Physiology of Sensorimotor System, Department of Sensorimotor Physiology and Countermeasure, Institute of BioMedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila I Gerasimova-Meigal
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Physiopathology, Histology, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Liudmila A Chernikova
- Department of Neurorehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S Subbotina
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Microbiology, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Saara M Rissanen
- Biosignal Analysis and Medical Imaging Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi A Karjalainen
- Biosignal Analysis and Medical Imaging Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Asmussen MJ, von Tscharner V, Nigg BM. Motor Unit Action Potential Clustering-Theoretical Consideration for Muscle Activation during a Motor Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:15. [PMID: 29445332 PMCID: PMC5797735 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During dynamic or sustained isometric contractions, bursts of muscle activity appear in the electromyography (EMG) signal. Theoretically, these bursts of activity likely occur because motor units are constrained to fire temporally close to one another and thus the impulses are "clustered" with short delays to elicit bursts of muscle activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a sequence comprised of "clustered" motor unit action potentials (MUAP) can explain spectral and amplitude changes of the EMG during a simulated motor task. This question would be difficult to answer experimentally and thus, required a model to study this type of muscle activation pattern. To this end, we modeled two EMG signals, whereby a single MUAP was either convolved with a randomly distributed impulse train (EMG-rand) or a "clustered" sequence of impulses (EMG-clust). The clustering occurred in windows lasting 5-100 ms. A final mixed signal of EMG-clust and EMG-rand, with ratios (1:1-1:10), was also modeled. A ratio of 1:1 would indicate that 50% of MUAP were randomly distributed, while 50% of "clustered" MUAP occurred in a given time window (5-100 ms). The results of the model showed that clustering MUAP caused a downshift in the mean power frequency (i.e., ~30 Hz) with the largest shift occurring with a cluster window of 10 ms. The mean frequency shift was largest when the ratio of EMG-clust to EMG-rand was high. Further, the clustering of MUAP also caused a substantial increase in the amplitude of the EMG signal. This model potentially explains an activation pattern that changes the EMG spectra during a motor task and thus, a potential activation pattern of muscles observed experimentally. Changes in EMG measurements during fatiguing conditions are typically attributed to slowing of conduction velocity but could, per this model, also result from changes of the clustering of MUAP. From a clinical standpoint, this type of muscle activation pattern might help describe the pathological movement issues in people with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor. Based on our model, researchers moving forward should consider how MUAP clustering influences EMG spectral and amplitude measurements and how these changes influence movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benno M Nigg
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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16
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Krumpolec P, Vallova S, Slobodova L, Tirpakova V, Vajda M, Schon M, Klepochova R, Janakova Z, Straka I, Sutovsky S, Turcani P, Cvecka J, Valkovic L, Tsai CL, Krssak M, Valkovic P, Sedliak M, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J. Aerobic-Strength Exercise Improves Metabolism and Clinical State in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Front Neurol 2017; 8:698. [PMID: 29312123 PMCID: PMC5743754 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise ameliorates motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we aimed to provide evidence that exercise brings additional benefits to the whole-body metabolism and skeletal muscle molecular and functional characteristics, which might help to explain exercise-induced improvements in the clinical state. 3-months supervised endurance/strength training was performed in early/mid-stage PD patients and age/gender-matched individuals (n = 11/11). The effects of exercise on resting energy expenditure (REE), glucose metabolism, adiposity, and muscle energy metabolism (31P-MRS) were evaluated and compared to non-exercising PD patients. Two muscle biopsies were taken to determine intervention-induced changes in fiber type, mitochondrial content, and expression of genes related to muscle energy metabolism, as well as proliferative and regenerative capacity. Exercise improved the clinical disability score (MDS-UPDRS), bradykinesia, balance, walking speed, REE, and glucose metabolism and increased muscle expression of energy sensors (AMPK). However, the exercise-induced increase in muscle mass/strength, mitochondrial content, type II fiber size, and postexercise phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery (31P-MRS) were found only in controls. Nevertheless, MDS-UPDRS was associated with muscle AMPK and mechano-growth factor (MGF) expression. Improvements in fasting glycemia were positively associated with muscle function and the expression of Sirt1 and Cox7a1, and the parameters of fitness/strength were positively associated with the expression of MyHC2, MyHC7, and MGF. Moreover, reduced bradykinesia was associated with better muscle metabolism (maximal oxidative capacity and postexercise PCr recovery; 31P-MRS). Exercise training improved the clinical state in early/mid-stage Parkinson’s disease patients, including motor functions and whole-body metabolism. Although the adaptive response to exercise in PD was different from that of controls, exercise-induced improvements in the PD clinical state were associated with specific adaptive changes in muscle functional, metabolic, and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Krumpolec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Vallova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slobodova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Tirpakova
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Physical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Vajda
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Schon
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Klepochova
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzana Janakova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Straka
- 2nd Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Sutovsky
- 1st Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Turcani
- 1st Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Cvecka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Valkovic
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Krssak
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valkovic
- 2nd Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Rätsep T, Asser T. The effect of subthalamic stimulation on viscoelastic stiffness of skeletal muscles in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2017; 44:94-98. [PMID: 28376379 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonometric evaluation of viscoelastic stiffness of skeletal muscles has been proposed to document the effect of surgical or pharmacological treatment on rigidity in patients with Parkinson's disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the changes of viscoelastic stiffness induced by deep brain stimulation. METHODS Fifteen patients in an advanced stage of Parkinson's disease participated in the study. The study took place in the off-medication conditions after one night of drug withdrawal. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale was used for clinical assessment of the disease. Myotonometry was used to measure viscoelastic stiffness in the resting muscles before and directly after passive wrist movements, commonly used for clinical evaluation of rigidity. The measurements were repeated during the stimulation-on and stimulation-off periods and compared with fifteen healthy control persons. FINDINGS The clinical scores for wrist rigidity improved from 3.0 (1-4) to 0.93 (0-2) (P<0.05) due to brain stimulation. The mean values of viscoelastic stiffness were similar before and after passive wrist movements, but the differences between the patients with high vs. low rigidity values (354.9 vs 310.2N/m; P<0.05) and in stimulation-off vs. stimulation-on conditions (342.7 vs 310.5N/m; P<0.05) were significant only if the measurements had been performed after passive wrist movements. INTERPRETATION Effective deep brain stimulation and increased rigidity can significantly change viscoelastic stiffness in the resting muscles in patients with Parkinson's disease, especially if evaluated after passive wrist movements. This paper supports the use of myotonometry for objective quantification of parkinsonian rigidity at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tõnu Rätsep
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Toomas Asser
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Estonia
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18
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Lima LO, Cardoso F, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Rodrigues-de-Paula F. Work and power reduced in L-dopa naïve patients in the early-stages of Parkinson’s disease. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2016; 74:287-92. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20160014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Studies which have investigated muscular performance during the initial stages of Parkinson´s disease (PD) without L-dopa treatments were not found. Objective to assess whether muscular performance, work and power, of the trunk and lower limbs in L-dopa naïve patients in the early stages of PD was lower than those of healthy subjects and to compare muscular performance between the lower limbs. Method Ten subjects with PD, Hoehn and Yahr (HY) I-II, L-dopa naïve and 10 subjects in the control group were assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer. Results ANOVAs revealed that work and power measures of the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle muscular groups were lower in PD compared with the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in muscular performance between the lower limbs. Conclusion The results suggested the use of specific exercises, as rehabilitation strategies, to improve the ability to produce work and power with this population.
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Frazzitta G, Ferrazzoli D, Maestri R, Rovescala R, Guaglio G, Bera R, Volpe D, Pezzoli G. Differences in muscle strength in parkinsonian patients affected on the right and left side. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121251. [PMID: 25806509 PMCID: PMC4373899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscular weakness is a frequent cause of instability that contributes to falls in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Isokinetic dynamometry is a method of muscle assessment useful to measure the muscular strength giving a quantification of the weakness, but only few studies about isokinetic assessment were performed in PD. The aims of the study were to evaluate the muscle strength in PD and to investigate the differences in patients affected on the right and left side. Methods Knee flexor and extensor muscles strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer in 25 patients in stage 3 H&Y and in 15 healthy controls. Subjects were tested in both legs at three fixed angular velocities: 90°/s, 120°/s, 180°/s. Results Considering the whole population of Parkinsonians, no difference in strength was observed with respect to controls. Considering the side, patients affected on the right side showed a clear tendency to be weaker than patients affected on the left side and controls. Conclusions PD patients affected on the right side, but not those affected on the left side, had a reduction in muscle strength as compared to controls. We postulate a central origin deficit in muscle strength in PD. It is known that dopamine transporter binding is more severely reduced in the left posterior putamen and our results suggest that the control of the muscle strength in PD is linked to the right–left hemispheric asymmetry of the functional organization of basal ganglia and with their connections to cortical motor and pre-motor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Frazzitta
- Department of Parkinson Disease and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, “Moriggia-Pelascini” Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Italy
- Fondazione Europea Ricerca Biomedica (FERB), “S.Isidoro” Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Italy
| | - Davide Ferrazzoli
- Department of Parkinson Disease and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, “Moriggia-Pelascini” Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberto Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scientific Institute of Montescano, S. Maugeri Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Montescano, Italy
| | - Roberta Rovescala
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Scientific Institute of Montescano, S. Maugeri Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Montescano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Guaglio
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Scientific Institute of Montescano, S. Maugeri Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Montescano, Italy
| | - Rossana Bera
- Department of Parkinson Disease and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, “Moriggia-Pelascini” Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Italy
| | - Daniele Volpe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, “S. Raffaele Arcangelo Fatebenefratelli” Hospital, Venezia, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milano, Italy
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20
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Zarzur AP, de Campos Duprat A, Cataldo BO, Ciampi D, Fonoff E. Laryngeal electromyography as a diagnostic tool for Parkinson's disease. Laryngoscope 2013; 124:725-9. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Zarzur
- Department of Otolaryngology; Medical Science Faculty, Santa Casa de São Paulo Hospital; São Paulo Brazil
| | - André de Campos Duprat
- Department of Otolaryngology; Medical Science Faculty, Santa Casa de São Paulo Hospital; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Berenice O. Cataldo
- Department of Neurology; Medical Science Faculty, Santa Casa de São Paulo Hospital; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniel Ciampi
- Department of Otolaryngology; Medical Science Faculty, Santa Casa de São Paulo Hospital; São Paulo Brazil
- the Department of Neurology, Division of Functional Neurosurgery; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Erich Fonoff
- the Department of Neurology, Division of Functional Neurosurgery; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo Brazil
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Nakamura S, Kawai N, Ohnuki Y, Saeki Y, Korfage JAM, Langenbach GEJ, Kitayama T, Watanabe M, Sano R, Tanne K, Tanaka E. Changes in activity and structure of jaw muscles in Parkinson's disease model rats. J Oral Rehabil 2013; 40:205-13. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Oral Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - N. Kawai
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Oral Sciences; Tokushima Japan
| | - Y. Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology; Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine; Yokohama Japan
| | - Y. Saeki
- Department of Physiology; Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine; Yokohama Japan
| | - J. A. M. Korfage
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Research Institute MOVE; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - G. E. J. Langenbach
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Research Institute MOVE; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - T. Kitayama
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - M. Watanabe
- Department of Oral Biology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - R. Sano
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - K. Tanne
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - E. Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics; The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Oral Sciences; Tokushima Japan
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22
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Abstract
Dysphagia (impaired swallowing) is common in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and is related to aspiration pneumonia, the primary cause of death in PD. Therapies that ameliorate the limb motor symptoms of PD are ineffective for dysphagia. This suggests that the pathophysiology of PD dysphagia may differ from that affecting limb muscles, but little is known about potential neuromuscular abnormalities in the swallowing muscles in PD. This study examined the fiber histochemistry of pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeal sphincter muscles in postmortem specimens from 8 subjects with PD and 4 age-matched control subjects. Pharyngeal muscles in subjects with PD exhibited many atrophic fibers, fiber type grouping, and fast-to-slow myosin heavy chain transformation. These alterations indicate that the pharyngeal muscles experienced neural degeneration and regeneration over the course of PD. Notably, subjects with PD with dysphagia had a higher percentage of atrophic myofibers versus with those without dysphagia and controls. The fast-to-slow fiber-type transition is consistent with abnormalities in swallowing, slow movement of food, and increased tone in the cricopharyngeal sphincter in subjects with PD. The alterations in the pharyngeal muscles may play a pathogenic role in the development of dysphagia in subjects with PD.
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23
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Marusiak J, Jaskólska A, Budrewicz S, Koszewicz M, Jaskólski A. Increased muscle belly and tendon stiffness in patients with Parkinson's disease, as measured by myotonometry. Mov Disord 2011; 26:2119-22. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.23841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Marusiak J, Kisiel-Sajewicz K, Jaskólska A, Jaskólski A. Higher muscle passive stiffness in Parkinson's disease patients than in controls measured by myotonometry. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010; 91:800-2. [PMID: 20434620 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess muscle passive stiffness in medicated Parkinson's disease patients using myotonometry. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Kinesiology laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Women with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n=8) and healthy matched elderly women (controls) (n=10) (mean age: PD, 77+/-3y; controls, 77+/-4y). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Passive stiffness of relaxed biceps brachii (BB) muscle was measured using myotonometry. Additionally, surface electromyographic and mechanomyographic signals were recorded from the muscle at rest, and amplitude of those signals was analyzed offline. RESULTS The values of BB muscle passive stiffness were significantly (P=.004) higher in PD than in the controls, with a statistically significant influence of parkinsonian rigidity score (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) on intergroup differences (P<.001). The Spearman correlation coefficient rho value showed a significant (P=.005) positive relationship (rho=.866) between the parkinsonian rigidity score and passive stiffness values of BB in PD. The groups did not differ significantly in the electromyogram amplitude (P=.631) and mechanomyogram amplitude (P=.593) of the BB muscle, and values of these parameters did not correlate significantly with rigidity score (P=.555, P=.745, respectively) in the patients. CONCLUSIONS Myotonometer is a sensitive enough tool to show that PD patients have higher muscle passive stiffness than healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Marusiak
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
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25
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Marusiak J, Jaskólska A, Kisiel-Sajewicz K, Yue GH, Jaskólski A. EMG and MMG activities of agonist and antagonist muscles in Parkinson’s disease patients during absolute submaximal load holding. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2009; 19:903-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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26
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Marusiak J, Jaskólska A, Jarocka E, Najwer W, Kisiel-Sajewicz K, Jaskólski A. Electromyography and mechanomyography of elbow agonists and antagonists in Parkinson disease. Muscle Nerve 2009; 40:240-8. [PMID: 19472352 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) activities of agonist and antagonist muscles in Parkinson disease patients during maximal isometric elbow contraction in flexion and extension. Ten elderly females with Parkinson disease (average age 75 years) and 10 age-matched healthy females were tested. The torque and the EMG and MMG signals from biceps brachii and triceps brachii were recorded during sustained maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the elbow flexors and extensors. There were no intergroup differences in the EMG and MMG activities of agonist and antagonist muscles or in torque. This might be because the Parkinson subjects were tested during their medication "ON" phase, or perhaps maximal isometric contraction (MVC) induced greater active muscle stiffness that affected the MMG signal. Muscle Nerve 40: 240-248, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Marusiak
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Al. Paderewskiego 35, Building P4, Wroclaw 51-612, Poland
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27
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Cannata DJ, Finkelstein DI, Gantois I, Teper Y, Drago J, West JM. Altered fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibre characteristics in female mice with a (S248F) knock-in mutation of the brain neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2009; 30:73-83. [PMID: 19404753 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-009-9177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We generated a mouse line with a missense mutation (S248F) in the gene (CHRNA4) encoding the alpha4 subunit of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Mutant mice demonstrate brief nicotine induced dystonia that resembles the clinical events seen in patients with the same mutation. Drug-induced dystonia is more pronounced in female mice, thus our aim was to determine if the S248F mutation changed the properties of fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibres from female mutant mice. Reverse transcriptase-PCR confirmed CHRNA4 gene expression in the brain but not skeletal muscles in normal and mutant mice. Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) force activation curves were obtained using skinned muscle fibres prepared from slow-twitch (soleus) and fast-twitch (EDL) muscles. Two significant results were found: (1) the (pCa(50) - pSr(50)) value from EDL fibres was smaller in mutant mice than in wild type (1.01 vs. 1.30), (2) the percentage force produced at pSr 5.5 was larger in mutants than in wild type (5.76 vs. 0.24%). Both results indicate a shift to slow-twitch characteristics in the mutant. This conclusion is supported by the identification of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Mutant EDL fibres expressed MHC I (usually only found in slow-twitch fibres) as well as MHC IIa. Despite the lack of spontaneous dystonic events, our findings suggest that mutant mice may be having subclinical events or the mutation results in a chronic alteration to muscle neural input.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Cannata
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, VIC, Australia.
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28
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Bazzichi L, Dini M, Rossi A, Corbianco S, De Feo F, Giacomelli C, Zirafa C, Ferrari C, Rossi B, Bombardieri S. Muscle modifications in fibromyalgic patients revealed by surface electromyography (SEMG) analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009; 10:36. [PMID: 19368705 PMCID: PMC2678091 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have been carried out in order to investigate surface electromyography (SEMG) response on fibromyalgic (FM) patients. Some studies failed to demonstrate differences between FM patients and healthy individuals while others found differences in SEMG parameters. Different muscular region have been analyzed in FM patients and heterogeneity is also produced because of the different ways in which the SEMG technique is used. The aims of this study were to evaluate muscle modifications by SEMG analysis in FM women with respect to a sample of healthy controls and to investigate the relationships between SEMG parameters and the clinical aspects of the disease. Methods SEMG was recorded in 100 FM women (48.10 ± 11.96 yr) and in 50 healthy women (48.60 ± 11.18 yr), from the tibialis anterior and the distal part of vastus medialis muscle during isometric contraction. Initial values and rate of change of median spectral frequency (MDF) and conduction velocity (CV) of the SEMG signal were calculated. The clinical parameters "Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire", pain, tender points, tiredness were evaluated and the relationships between these data and the SEMG results were also studied. For the statistical analysis Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test and Spearman correlation were used. Results MDF absolute values and the so-called Fatigue Index (FI) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in both muscles studied in FM patients (MDF: 93.2 μV; FI: 1.10, 0.89) with respect to healthy controls (MDF: 138.2 μV; FI: 2.41, 1.66) and a smaller reduction in the percentage values of MDF was observed in FM patients vs controls (22% vs 38%). A significant correlation was found between the SEMG parameter decrement of normalized median frequency (MNF) (%) and seriousness of FM (evaluated by means of tender points). Conclusion We have found some interesting muscle modifications in FM patients with respect to healthy controls, regarding MDF, CV and FI values which resulted significantly lower in FM. Patients might have a different fiber recruitment or a possible atrophy of type II fibers suggesting that they are not able to reach muscle relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bazzichi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, S. Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Zarzur AP, Duprat AC, Shinzato G, Eckley CA. Laryngeal Electromyography in Adults With Parkinson??s Disease and Voice Complaints. Laryngoscope 2007; 117:831-4. [PMID: 17473678 DOI: 10.1097/mlg.0b013e3180333145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) pattern in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and vocal complaints. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Twenty-six adults with PD and vocal complaints and 26 controls with presbyphonia underwent videolaryngoscopy (VL) and LEMG. RESULTS No tremor was found on LEMG of the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles, even in cases with clinical and VL tremor. LEMG hypertonicity during voice rest was the typical feature observed in 73% of the patients with PD versus 23% of the controls. This difference was statistically significant. The severity of the disease, diagnosis, and the time of treatment did not correlate with LEMG findings. CONCLUSION This is the first study reporting the use of LEMG in a large series of patients with PD and vocal complaints. Patients with PD presented spontaneous intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity during voice rest. SIGNIFICANCE The typical patterns in LEMG suggest this to be a valuable diagnostic tool in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Zarzur
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beneficência Portuguesa Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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30
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Solomon NP, Robin DA. Perceptions of effort during handgrip and tongue elevation in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2005; 11:353-61. [PMID: 16105745 PMCID: PMC3523673 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue and the accompanying perception of effort are often heightened in Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVES To compare performance on three sense-of-effort tasks between patients with PD and matched neurologically normal control subjects. METHODS Sixteen PD subjects and 16 normal subjects performed three tasks to assess sense of effort: self-ratings of effort using direct-magnitude estimation, generating pressures at various levels of effort, and sustaining a submaximal level of effort. The latter two tasks were done with handgrip and tongue elevation. RESULTS Two of the three tasks successfully differentiated the groups. Subjects with PD provided significantly higher ratings of effort for general daily activities and for speech. During the constant-effort task, pressure curves decayed more rapidly for the PD subjects. CONCLUSIONS Performance by PD subjects on the constant-effort task resembled that by normal adults who were pre-fatigued in previous experiments. Results support greater than normal sense-of-effort related to fatigue in PD, and provide preliminary validation of a performance-based physiologic task to assess abnormal sense of effort in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Pearl Solomon
- Army Audiology & Speech Center, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5001, USA.
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31
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Sliwinski A, Stanic D, Finkelstein DI, Ilic M, West JM, Dooley PC. Alterations in the proportions of skeletal muscle proteins following a unilateral lesion to the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2005; 26:149-55. [PMID: 15999226 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-005-6833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that mammalian skeletal muscles exhibit a considerable degree of plasticity and one of the main determining factors of this plasticity is the activity pattern and duration of motoneurone discharge. Lesions to the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of six adult rats were made to determine whether altered output from the SNpc ultimately leads to a change in the expression of proteins in contralateral skeletal muscles. After 4 months, altered motor performance was identified by the administration of amphetamine. After 7 months, 30-70% of dopaminergic cells in the SNpc had been destroyed. The protein content of muscles was then quantified from densitometric scans of gels, and expressed as a % of the amount of actin (the protein used as a reference in this study). The lesion affected the expression of different protein isoforms in the fast- and slow-twitch muscles. In slow-twitch soleus muscles, the lesion decreased the proportion of alpha-tropomyosin and increased the proportion of beta-tropomyosin. In the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles, the lesion increased the proportion of the fast isoform of troponin-T1f, and decreased the proportions of the two isoforms of myosin light chain. This study establishes a connection between the chronic effects of a lesion to the SNpc, with a loss of dopaminergic neurones, impaired motor performance, and altered expression of proteins in skeletal muscle. The implication of these results is that the altered motor function observed in Parkinson's disease may be associated with alterations to the expression of skeletal muscle proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sliwinski
- School of Human Biosciences, La Trobe University, 3086, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Pääsuke M, Ereline J, Gapeyeva H, Joost K, Mõttus K, Taba P. Leg-extension strength and chair-rise performance in elderly women with Parkinson's disease. J Aging Phys Act 2005; 12:511-24. [PMID: 15851823 DOI: 10.1123/japa.12.4.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lower extremity performance in elderly female patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 12) and controls (n = 16) was compared. Isometric dynamometry and force-plate measurements were used. PD patients had lower (p < .05) bilateral (BL) maximal isometric leg-extension force (MF), BL isometric MF relative to body mass, and maximal rate of isometric force development than control participants. BL strength deficit was greater (p < .05) in PD patients than in controls. A significantly longer chair-rise time and lower maximal rate of vertical-ground-reaction-force development while rising from a chair was found in PD patients than in controls. These findings suggest that elderly women with PD have lowered voluntary isometric force-generation capacity of the leg-extensor muscles. Reduced BL leg-extension strength might contribute to the difficulty of individuals with PD to rise from a chair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mati Pääsuke
- Institute of Exercise Biology and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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33
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Meigal A, Lupandin Y. “Thermoregulation-dependent component” in pathophysiology of motor disorders in Parkinson's disease? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2005; 11:187-196. [PMID: 15837163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2005] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor symptoms (resting tremor, brady- or akinesia and muscle rigidity), and also by postural problems gait disorder and fatigue as well as behavioural and autonomic symptoms, including thermoregulatory impairment. These symptoms are strikingly similar with some motor phenomena, evoked by the whole body cooling, though the primary cause of PD and cold-induced symptoms are apparently different. The review is focused on the hypothesis that thermoregulatory mechanisms are involved in pathophysiology of motor disorders in PD. The comparative analysis provides some examples of analogy between PD and the state of cooling in respect with tremor, muscle hypertonus, postural reactions and impairment of gross and fine muscle performance. This analogy cannot be considered as specific, because in some normal conditions the motor system utilises identical strategy to compensate for motor deterioration, e.g. at fatigue and ageing. However, such motor phenomena, as neuroleptic malignant syndrome and paired discharges of motor units indicate that the "thermoregulation-dependent component" exists in the pathophysiology of PD. Data on the influence of the whole body cooling and heating on muscle performance, rigidity and tremor in PD patients also provide evidence for the involvement of thermoregulatory mechanisms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Meigal
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Petrozavodsk State University, Lenin Street, 33, Petrozavodsk 185002, Republic of Karelia, Russia
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34
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Strambi SK, Rossi B, De Michele G, Sello S. Effect of medication in Parkinson's disease: a wavelet analysis of EMG signals. Med Eng Phys 2004; 26:279-90. [PMID: 15121053 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Revised: 11/08/2003] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The improvements in the motor ability in patients with Parkinson's disease due to antiparkinsonian medication is well-known and widely documented. Recent results, based both on kinematic parameters and standard electromyographic (EMG) signal analysis, clearly indicated that the medication reduced, as expected, the clinical signs of Parkinson's disease, but did not restore agonist burst duration modulation with distance in elbow flexion movements. The main aim of the present work is to shed more light on this medication effect using a wavelet analysis approach on multiple EMG signals recorded both on shoulder and elbow muscles in ballistic or rapid movements. The wavelet cross-correlation information allows us to evidence some important quantitative features of the EMG signals due to medication.
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35
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Inkster LM, Eng JJ. Postural control during a sit-to-stand task in individuals with mild Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2004; 154:33-8. [PMID: 12961057 PMCID: PMC3478322 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-003-1629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2002] [Accepted: 06/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) typically have difficulty rising from a chair. A major contributing factor may be altered anticipatory postural control; this hypothesis has been fueled by reports of altered function of the supplementary motor area in PD, an area linked to the preparation of movements. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals with PD would exhibit altered anticipatory postural control which would include a reduced preparatory hip flexion and decreased forward displacement of the COM prior to lift-off of the buttocks from the chair. Ten male subjects with PD and ten male age-matched controls were instructed to rise from a chair without the use of their arms at their comfortable pace on two separated days during on and off-medication states. Body movements were recorded with an optoelectronic device, in addition to forces under the buttocks and each foot to calculate lower extremity joint angles, joint movements and net body centre of mass displacement (COM). The sit-to-stand (STS) duration was the same for the PD-on and controls, but greater for the PD-off group. The PD groups (on and off) used a hip flexion strategy (greater preparatory hip flexion displacement and forward COM displacement, reduced knee extensor moments) compared to the controls. Contrary to predictions, subjects with PD exaggerated, rather than reduced, the movement preparation of the STS using a hip flexion strategy. Possible underlying causes of this flexion strategy could include compensation for poor lower extremity muscle strength and a need for greater postural stability during the lift-off phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Inkster
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of BC, T325-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 2B6, BC, Canada
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36
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Inkster LM, Eng JJ, MacIntyre DL, Stoessl AJ. Leg muscle strength is reduced in Parkinson's disease and relates to the ability to rise from a chair. Mov Disord 2003; 18:157-62. [PMID: 12539208 PMCID: PMC3471985 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties rising from a chair; however, factors contributing to this inability have never been investigated. We compared lower extremity strength between individuals with PD and healthy controls and quantified the relationships between strength and the ability to rise from a chair. Ten men with mild PD and 10 sex- and age-matched controls performed maximal concentric, isokinetic knee and hip extensor torque on an isokinetic dynamometer to quantify muscle strength. Subjects also rose from a chair at their comfortable pace without the use of their arms and the duration of this task provided a measure of sit-to-stand (STS) ability. Subjects with PD were tested in an on- and off-medication state on different days. Mean hip and knee extensor torques were lower in subjects with PD, with greater deficits found at the hip. Greater hip strength was related to better STS ability in subjects with PD while greater knee strength was related to better STS ability in controls. These results show that individuals with mild PD generate smaller extremity forces compared to controls. Reduced strength, particularly at the hip, may be one factor that contributes to the difficulty of persons with PD to rise from a chair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Inkster
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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37
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Chisari C, Simonella C, Rossi B. A surface EMG analysis of sarcolemma excitability alteration and myofibre degeneration in Steinert disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112:1925-30. [PMID: 11595153 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To apply surface electromyography (EMG) using low and high stimulation frequencies, to establish the contribution of myotonia and/or dystrophy to muscle impairment in subjects affected by myotonic dystrophy (MyD). METHODS A motor point stimulation protocol, at 15 and 35 Hz, was carried out on the tibialis anterior (TA) of 25 MyD patients. These were subdivided into 3 subgroups, MyD3 (9), MyD4 (10) and MyD5 (6), on the basis of their TA MRC score. The surface myoelectric signal was recorded and the average rectified value of amplitude (ARV) was evaluated. In 4 MyD5 patients we simultaneously recorded EMG and force. RESULTS Each subgroup presented a characteristic ARV trend both at 15 and 35 Hz - increasing in MyD3 (like the controls), slightly decreasing in MyD4 and clearly decreasing in MyD5. The low frequency permitted a greater resolution of the statistical analysis. Two out of 4 patients showed an opposite trend of ARV with respect to the force, whereas the others presented a parallel decreasing trend. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the ARV during a stimulated contraction permits the identification and quantification of the sarcolemma excitability alteration and/or the myofibre degeneration contributing to muscle impairment in MyD. The lower frequency is more sensitive and offers better inter-experiment repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chisari
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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38
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Dalla Toffola E, Sparpaglione D, Pistorio A, Buonocore M. Myoelectric manifestations of muscle changes in stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82:661-5. [PMID: 11346844 DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the development of myoelectric fatigue in paretic and healthy tibialis anterior muscles of stroke patients. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Occupational therapy and clinical neurophysiology unit. PARTICIPANTS Eight patients with hemiparesis or hemiplegia 9 months to 10 years poststroke. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Current pulses of 0.1-ms width and 40-Hz repetition rate were applied for 10 seconds with a monopolar technique; myoelectric signals (M waves) were detected with surface electrodes. RESULTS Mean values and initial values of the median frequency (MDF) between paretic and healthy side were statistically different, with the values on the healthy side much higher than the paretic side. Changes of MDF showed a decreasing pattern for both the paretic and the healthy sides, with the downslope of the curve of the healthy side more evident. CONCLUSIONS In paretic muscles of stroke patients, the tendency toward atrophy of type II fibers appears to be frequent. Our study suggests this muscle rearrangement uses techniques much less invasive than muscle biopsy, and gives useful information about muscle function. This kind of information can help identify rehabilitation strategies, particularly for chronic stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dalla Toffola
- Unit of Occupational Therapy, University of Pavia, Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Luschei ES, Ramig LO, Baker KL, Smith ME. Discharge characteristics of laryngeal single motor units during phonation in young and older adults and in persons with parkinson disease. J Neurophysiol 1999; 81:2131-9. [PMID: 10322054 DOI: 10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Discharge characteristics of laryngeal single motor units during phonation in young and older adults, and in persons with Parkinson disease. The rate and variability of the firing of single motor units in the laryngeal muscles of young and older nondisordered humans and people with idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) were determined during steady phonation and other laryngeal behaviors. Typical firing rates during phonation were approximately 24 s/s. The highest rate observed, during a cough, was 50 s/s. Decreases in the rate and increases in the variability of motor unit firing were observed in the thyroarytenoid muscle of older and IPD male subjects but not female subjects. These gender-specific age-related changes may relate to differential effects of aging on the male and female voice characteristics. The range and typical firing rates of laryngeal motor units were similar to those reported for other human skeletal muscles, so we conclude that human laryngeal muscles are probably no faster, in terms of their contraction speed, than other human skeletal muscles. Interspike interval (ISI) variability during steady phonation was quite low, however, with average CV of approximately 10%, with a range of 5 to 30%. These values appear to be lower than typical values of the CV of firing reported in three studies of limb muscles of humans. We suggest therefore that low ISI variability is a special although not unique property of laryngeal muscles compared with other muscles of the body. This conceivably could be the result of less synaptic "noise" in the laryngeal motoneurons, perhaps as a result of suppression of local reflex inputs to these motoneurons during phonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Luschei
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Abstract
A motor point stimulation protocol was carried out on the tibialis anterior of myotonic dystrophy (MyD) patients. The surface myoelectric signal was monitored to record average rectified value (ARV), median frequency of power spectrum (MDF), and conduction velocity (CV) parameters. The ARV curve showed a decreasing trend that reveals a reduction in the M-wave amplitude during stimulation. MDF presented a significant decrement in the first seconds of sustained contraction, probably caused by abnormal lengthening of the depolarization zone. CV was significantly lower in patients, suggesting reduced mean fiber size.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chisari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Italy
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Pedrinelli R, Marino L, Dell'Omo G, Siciliano G, Rossi B. Altered surface myoelectric signals in peripheral vascular disease: correlations with muscle fiber composition. Muscle Nerve 1998; 21:201-10. [PMID: 9466595 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199802)21:2<201::aid-mus7>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conduction velocity (CV) and median frequency (MDF) during tetanic electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle were evaluated in patients with uncomplicated peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Results were analyzed with respect to biopsy determination of diameter and proportion of types 1 and 2 muscles fibers. Initial MDF and CV correlated positively with type 2, but not type 1 fiber diameter. Initial MDF was reduced bilaterally in patients with unilateral peripheral arterial occlusive disease as compared to normal subjects, indicating that chronic ischemia alone cannot explain the altered myoelectric signal. Physical training increased pain-free walking distance and raised initial MDF, though CV remained unchanged. Fatigue indices were highly interrelated, but showed no correlation with any of the other evaluation variables. Thus, initial MDF, a correlate of type 2 muscle fiber distribution in chronically ischemic tibialis anterior muscles, is altered in peripheral vascular disease. However, muscle ischemia alone cannot explain all aspects of this abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pedrinelli
- Istituto di I Clinica Medica, Università di Pisa, Italy
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