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Koers J, Derksen NIL, Ooijevaar-de Heer P, Nota B, van de Bovenkamp FS, Vidarsson G, Rispens T. Biased N-Glycosylation Site Distribution and Acquisition across the Antibody V Region during B Cell Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2220-2228. [PMID: 30850477 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abs can acquire N-linked glycans in their V regions during Ag-specific B cell responses. Among others, these N-linked glycans can affect Ag binding and Ab stability. Elevated N-linked glycosylation has furthermore been associated with several B cell-associated pathologies. Basic knowledge about patterns of V region glycosylation at different stages of B cell development is scarce. The aim of the current study is to establish patterns of N-glycosylation sites in Ab V regions of naive and memory B cell subsets. We analyzed the distribution and acquisition of N-glycosylation sites within Ab V regions of peripheral blood and bone marrow B cells of 12 healthy individuals, eight myasthenia gravis patients, and six systemic lupus erythematosus patients, obtained by next-generation sequencing. N-glycosylation sites are clustered around CDRs and the DE loop for both H and L chains, with similar frequencies for healthy donors and patients. No evidence was found for an overall selection bias against acquiring an N-glycosylation site, except for the CDR3 of the H chain. Interestingly, both IgE and IgG4 subsets have a 2-fold higher propensity to acquire Fab glycans compared with IgG1 or IgA. When expressed as rmAb, 35 out of 38 (92%) nongermline N-glycosylation sites became occupied. These results point toward a differential selection pressure of N-glycosylation site acquisition during affinity maturation of B cells, which depends on the location within the V region and is isotype and subclass dependent. Elevated Fab glycosylation represents an additional hallmark of TH2-like IgG4/IgE responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koers
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
| | - Ninotska I L Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pleuni Ooijevaar-de Heer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Nota
- Department of Research Facilities, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur S van de Bovenkamp
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Dar AA, Hussain S, Dutta D, Iyer PK, Khan AT. One-pot synthesis of functionalized 4-hydroxy-3-thiomethylcoumarins: detection and discrimination of Co2+ and Ni2+ ions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09152g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of 4-hydroxy-3-thiomethylcoumarin derivatives were synthesized via a one-pot three-component reaction catalysed by l-proline at room temperature. One of the derivative was used as fluorescence probe to monitor and distinguish Co2+ and Ni2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Dar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | - Sameer Hussain
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | - Debasish Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | - Parameswar K. Iyer
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | - Abu T. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
- Aliah University
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Tachibana H, Kim JY, Shirahata S. Building high affinity human antibodies by altering the glycosylation on the light chain variable region in N-acetylglucosamine-supplemented hybridoma cultures. Cytotechnology 2012; 23:151-9. [PMID: 22358531 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007980032042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to improve antibody affinity by varying glycosylation on the light chain variable region. The human hybridoma line HB4C5 produces an antibody reactive to lung adenocarcinoma, which possess a N-glycosylated carbohydrate chain on the light chain hypervariable region. It has been shown that altering this carbohydrate structure can be accomplished by varying the level of N-acetylglucosamine in glucose free medium, a change in the carbohydrate chain could be induced which resulted in modifying antigen binding. By culturing the cells in media containing more than 20 mM N-acetylglucosamine, cells produced antibody with 10 fold improved affinity as compared with antibody produced in 20 mM glucose-containing medium. A newly induced light chain glycoform produced in the N-acetylglucosamine-containing medium was shown to be responsible for this antigen binding enhancement. Addition of glucose in the N-acetylglucosamine-containing media led to decreased antibody affinity and slightly inhibited production of a new light chain in a dose-dependent manner. Combination of 20 mM N-acetylglucosamine and 0.5 mM glucose gave a higher antibody production without the decrease of the antigen binding. These results indicate that optimization of N-glycosylation on the light chain, which leads to higher antigen binding, can be accomplished by adjusting a ratio of glucose and N-acetylglucosamine in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tachibana
- Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812, Japan
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Miura T, Katakura Y, Seto P, Zhang Y, Teruya K, Nishimura E, Kato M, Hashizume S, Shirahata S. Availability of oncogene activated production system for mass production of light chain of human antibody in CHO cells. Cytotechnology 2011; 35:9-16. [PMID: 19003276 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008179919857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously established a ras-oncogene amplified Chinesehamster ovary (CHO) cell line, named ras clone I, as anuniversal host cell line for oncogene activated production(OAP) system to mass-produce recombinant protein by activationof the cytomegalovirus immediate early (CMV) promoter with ras protein. The lambda light chain(C5lambda) of human monoclonal antibody HB4C5 is expected tobe potentially useful for lung cancer targeting. We generated aC5lambda hyper-producing cell line by transfecting ras cloneI with the C5lambda gene expression plasmid regulated by theCMV promoter, of which productivity was 5.3 times greater thanthe hyper productive CHO cell line generated by using conventional CHO cells. Introduction of the adenovirus E1A geneinto the hyper-producing cell line derived from ras clone I resulted in further 9.5 times enhancement of the productivity,suggesting the synergistic effect of E1A and ras oncogenes on the recombinant protein production driven by the CMV promoter. In addition, intracellular accumulation of C5lambda andupregulation of BiP was found in hyper-producing cell lineswhich were introduced E1A and ras oncogene. This resultsuggests that excessive intracellular accumulation ofC5lambda protein, which might be caused by that the amount of produced C5lambda in ER is beyond the ability of CHO cells to secrete, might signal the BiP promoter. Our data imply that ras clone I is available as a general host cell for establishing the recombinant protein hyper-producing CHOcells by the OAP system, and suggest that further mass production of recombinant proteins in the OAP system can be possible by clarifying the accurate role of upregulated BiP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miura
- Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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Holland M, Yagi H, Takahashi N, Kato K, Savage COS, Goodall DM, Jefferis R. Differential glycosylation of polyclonal IgG, IgG-Fc and IgG-Fab isolated from the sera of patients with ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:669-77. [PMID: 16413679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins produced in vivo may be tissue, developmentally and/or disease specific. PTMs impact on the stability and function of proteins and offer a challenge to the commercial production of protein biotherapeutics. We have previously reported a marked deficit in galactosylation of oligosaccharides released from polyclonal IgG isolated from sera of patients with the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitides; Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Whilst normal polyclonal IgG molecules are glycosylated within the IgG-Fc region, approximately 20% of molecules also bear oligosaccharides attached to the variable regions of the light or heavy chain IgG-Fab. It is of interest, therefore to compare profiles of oligosaccharides released from the IgG-Fc and IgG-Fab of normal IgG with that isolated from the sera of patients with WG or MPA. This study shows that whilst the oligosaccharides released from ANCA IgG-Fc are hypogalactosylated those released from IgG-Fab are galactosylated and sialylated. These results show that hypogalactosylation of IgG-Fc is not due to a defect in the glycosylation or processing machinery. It rather suggests a subtle change in IgG-Fc conformation that influences the addition of galactose. Remarkably, this influence is exerted on all plasma cells. Interestingly, a licensed monoclonal antibody therapeutic, produced in Sp2/0 cells, is also shown to be hypogalactosylated in its IgG-Fc but fully galactosylated in its IgG-Fab.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Holland
- Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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Haruta H, Tachibana H, Yamada K. Concanavalin A stimulation enhanced secondary VlambdaJlambda rearrangement in some human plasma B cells without up-regulation of recombination-activating gene expression and Vlambda germline transcription. Immunology 1999; 97:549-57. [PMID: 10457206 PMCID: PMC2326890 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/1998] [Revised: 02/22/1999] [Accepted: 03/18/1999] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Light chain shifting is a phenomenon that occurs in certain human antibody-producing plasma B cells which, when stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A), shift production of the original light chain to new light chains. Here we investigated the effect of Con A stimulation on these light chain shift-inducible cells. Analysis of transcripts and VJ-coding joints for new light chains revealed that a leaky amount of secondary VlambdaJlambda rearrangement occurs spontaneously, without Con A stimulation, and that Con A stimulation markedly increases VJ-coding joints and transcripts for new light chains. It was also shown that new light chain producers, which have carried out secondary rearrangement, do not further rearrange their light chain genes, even when stimulated with Con A. Recombination-activating gene (RAG) products and Vlambda germline transcription were constitutively expressed in these cell lines and their expression levels were not affected by Con A stimulation. These results suggest that Con A stimulation enhanced secondary VlambdaJlambda rearrangement, but this was not a result of the up-regulation of RAG expression and Vlambda germline transcription, which are believed to be sufficient for the process of VlambdaJlambda rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Haruta
- Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Light Chain Shifting: Identification of a Human Plasma Cell Line Actively Undergoing Light Chain Replacement. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v93.1.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe identified an antibody-secreting human B-cell line (HTD8), which actively replaces the production of the original λ light chain with a new λ chain (light chain shifting) at a high rate. Loss of the original rearranged λ light chain occurs by significantly reducing the amount of transcript expressed. Expression of the new λ chain, which replaces the original λ chain, occurs by rearranging new VJ segments on a previously excluded allele. V λ gene usage of these new rearrangements are biased toward Vλ4, Vλ6, and Vλ10 families, which are known to be the least frequently used. In striking contrast to the plasma cell phenotype, recombination activating genes, RAG-1 and RAG-2, were expressed in the HTD8 cells and were shown to be necessary, but insufficient for inducing expression of the new λ chain. These results suggest that human plasma cells have the potential to actively undergo light chain replacement.
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Light Chain Shifting: Identification of a Human Plasma Cell Line Actively Undergoing Light Chain Replacement. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v93.1.198.401k11_198_207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified an antibody-secreting human B-cell line (HTD8), which actively replaces the production of the original λ light chain with a new λ chain (light chain shifting) at a high rate. Loss of the original rearranged λ light chain occurs by significantly reducing the amount of transcript expressed. Expression of the new λ chain, which replaces the original λ chain, occurs by rearranging new VJ segments on a previously excluded allele. V λ gene usage of these new rearrangements are biased toward Vλ4, Vλ6, and Vλ10 families, which are known to be the least frequently used. In striking contrast to the plasma cell phenotype, recombination activating genes, RAG-1 and RAG-2, were expressed in the HTD8 cells and were shown to be necessary, but insufficient for inducing expression of the new λ chain. These results suggest that human plasma cells have the potential to actively undergo light chain replacement.
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Abstract
Cell hybridization is one of the most basic cytotechnologies. The hemagglutinating virus of Japan was first used to cause cell fusion; however, polyethylene glycol is widely used now because of simplicity of procedure. This chapter first explains the principles of cell hybridization methods and then describes the practical protocols for preparing mouse hybridomas using polyethylene glycol. So far, lack of an excellent human fusion partner cell line that has high fusion efficiencies and does not produce immunoglobulin has hindered the spread of human-human hybridoma preparation methods. In the authors' laboratory NAT-30 and HO-323, human parent cell lines with high fusion efficiencies, have been established to prepare many hybridoma cell lines producing cancer-specific human monoclonal antibodies. Because NAT-30 and HO-323 cell lines are IgM producers, it is difficult to obtain IgG-producing hybridomas because the types of immunoglobulin produced by hybridomas are strongly affected by the characteristics of parent cells. Thus a nonimmunoglobulin-producing human parent cell line, A4H12, derived from human T lymphoma was established that can efficiently obtain IgG-producing human hybridomas. Another problem with preparing human hybridomas is that it is difficult to obtain B lymphocytes immunized with optional antigens for ethical reasons. To overcome this problem, in vitro immunization methods have been developed that allow exposure of a large number of B lymphocytes to cultured cancer cell or soluble antigens. The section on human hybridomas explains human fusion partners, in vitro immunization methods, and the preparation of human-human hybridomas using an electrofusion method. Finally, the application of human monoclonal antibodies to medical uses and the preparation of supranatural monoclonal antibodies are reviewed. These include multifunctional monoclonal antibodies and altered monoclonal antibodies having increased affinity and specificity by exchanging or modifying light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shirahata
- Laboratory of Cellular Regulation Technology, Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Krungkasem C, Ueda K, Tachibana H, Shirahata S. Further investigation of the light chain shifting phenomenon: light chain replacement through secondary rearrangement induced by lectin stimulation in the hybridoma cell line HB4C5. Cytotechnology 1997; 25:145-54. [PMID: 9474807 PMCID: PMC3466735 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007943228587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We found that when the hybridoma cell line HB4C5 was stimulated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), loss of production of the original lambda light chain occurred, followed by production of new light chain, which mirrored the reaction when stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA). We previously reported that the RAG genes are expressed not only in HB4C5 and its ConA-treated variant subclones, but also in the in the parental Namalwa cells, which are known to be in the plasma state. However, the new lambda light chains were expressed only in the HB4C5 cells and not in the parental Namalwa cells. Here we found that the RAG genes are expressed in HB4C5 cells after continuous stimulation with WGA. To further investigate the mechanism of this loss of original lambda light chain production by stimulation with lectins in HB4C5 cells, which leads to a sIg-negative subpopulation, we analyzed the differences between HB4C5 and Namalwa cells. In this present study, we found that a 70 kDa phosphorylated protein in HB4C5 cells became undetectable after stimulation with lectins (WGA and ConA), and was not detected in Namalwa cells before or after lectin stimulation. It has been believed that the RAG genes and loss of original lambda light chain production are required to induce expression of a new lambda light chain in the HB4C5 cells. We suggested that the phosphorylated 70 kDa protein in HB4C5 cells play important roles in regulating the production of new lambda light chains which is induced by lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Krungkasem
- Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Tachibana H, Ushio Y, Krungkasem C, Shirahata S. Inducing the loss of immunoglobulin lambda light chain production and the rearrangement of a previously excluded allele in human plasma B cell lines with concanavalin A. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:17404-10. [PMID: 8663345 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.29.17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of differential lambda light chains in human B cell lines secreting immunoglobulin (Ig). When these cell lines were cultured with concanavalin A for a long period of time, a subpopulation of some but not all of these cell lines was induced to express new lambda light chains replacing the original lambda chain (light chain shifting). Production of the new lambda chain, which replaces the original lambda chain, results from a VJ rearrangement at a previously excluded allele and a dramatic reduction of the original lambda chain transcript, although no difference was found in the level of heavy chain transcript. Recombination activating genes RAG-1 and RAG-2, which are normally expressed during specific early stages of lymphocyte development, were expressed in not only the light chain shifting-inducible lines but also in the non-inducible cells. Treatment of these Ig secreting cell lines with dibutyryl cAMP, which is known to enhance expression of the RAG genes, could not induce the creation of new lambda light chain-producing cells from the inducible lines, suggesting that the expression of the two RAG genes is not sufficient for inducing new lambda light chain production. Concanavalin A induced a gradual but significant production lost of the original lambda chain in a subpopulation of the light chain shifting-inducible cells but not in the non-inducible cells. Association of new lambda light chain production with loss of original lambda chain raises the possibility that, when the RAG genes are expressed, concanavalin A may act on a novel intracellular mechanism controlling lambda light chain allelic exclusion in these plasma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tachibana
- Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Fukuoka, Japan
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Tachibana H, Jiyoun K, Taniguchi K, Ushio Y, Teruya K, Osada K, Inoue Y, Shirahata S, Murakami H. Modified antigen-binding of human antibodies with glycosylation variations of the light chains produced in sugar-limited human hybridoma cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1996; 32:178-83. [PMID: 8925140 DOI: 10.1007/bf02723683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized the effects of serum and N-acetylglucosamine in a glucose-deprived condition on the glycosylation of antibody light chains, as well as the resulting biological properties of those antibodies. We have chosen for our investigation the human hybridoma lines producing monoclonal antibodies reactive to lung adenocarcinoma. Each antibody possess a N-glycosylated carbohydrate chain in the hypervariable region of the light chains. When the cell lines were grown in the absence of glucose, variant light chains with varying molecular masses were found to be secreted. Analysis of these light chains produced in a glucose-deprived condition revealed that the changed molecular-mass of the variant light chains is due to different glycosylation. Addition of N-acetylglucosamine or fetal calf serum to the glucose-free medium led to the creation of other light chains that exhibit increased antigen binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tachibana
- Graduate School of Genetic Resources Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Tachibana H, Ushio Y, Murakami H. Glycosylation of antibody in a lectin-resistant human hybridoma is insensitive to glucose. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1995; 31:261-2. [PMID: 7795844 DOI: 10.1007/bf02633998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Tachibana H, Kido I, Murakami H. Heterogeneous expression of human antibody lambda chains by concanavalin A-resistant hybridomas lead to changed antigen binding. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)62013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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