Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reaction to contrast dye administered in the ureter

Adverse Reactions to Urinary Contrast: A Case Report and Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE

Intra-urinary iodinated contrast agents are commonly used in urological procedures, but research of allergic reactions is rare. This study presents a rare case of an intra-urinary contrast reaction, followed by a comprehensive literature review of adverse reactions to intra-urinary contrast.

METHODS

PubMed and Embase databases were searched using Medical Subject Headings terms related to urinary procedures and contrast reactions, with additional articles identified through reference reviews.

RESULTS

Adverse reactions to intra-urinary contrast agents are rare, with most reactions being mild. Severe reactions were infrequent, and both patient-related and contrast-related factors were identified as influencing the likelihood of adverse events. However, the role of previous intravenous contrast reactions as a predisposing factor and the effectiveness of premedication in preventing these reactions remain uncertain. Furthermore, clinical guidelines for diagnosing and managing such reactions are lacking.

CONCLUSION

Although urinary contrast reactions are uncommon, they can range from mild to severe, including anaphylaxis. Further research is needed to establish standardized premedication protocols and management strategies, and a better understanding of predisposing factors could enhance patient safety in urological procedures involving contrast agents.

Iodinated contrast material in uroradiology. Choice of agent and management of complications

Many conditions seen by urologists require imaging examinations with iodinated radiographic contrast material as a key part of the primary evaluation of the patient. A basic understanding of contrast media, risks of administration, choice of agents, and premedication regimens for high-risk patients, is beneficial in helping patients prepare for their examinations. Urologists may be the primary physicians administering contrast material or may be working with radiologists in the care of patients receiving contrast agents. Because contrast reactions may occur unexpectedly, even during examinations in which the agents are not given intravenously, urologists should be able to recognize and treat the various types of adverse reactions.