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Chang YB, Kim H, Lee SK, Kim HJ, Jeong AH, Suh HJ, Ahn Y. Characteristics and Absorption Rate of Whey Protein Hydrolysates Prepared Using Flavourzyme after Treatment with Alcalase and Protamex. Molecules 2023; 28:7969. [PMID: 38138458 PMCID: PMC10745520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of whey protein hydrolysate and determine changes in absorption rate due to enzymatic hydrolysis. The molecular weight distribution analysis of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and low-molecule whey protein hydrolysate (LMWPH) using the Superdex G-75 column revealed that LMWPH is composed of peptides smaller than those in WPC. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated differences in peak positions between WPC and LMWPH, suggesting hydrolysis-mediated changes in secondary structures. Moreover, LMWPH exhibited higher thermal stability and faster intestinal permeation than WPC. Additionally, oral LMWPH administration increased serum protein content at 20 min, whereas WPC gradually increased serum protein content after 40 min. Although the total amount of WPC and LMWPH absorption was similar, LMWPH absorption rate was higher. Collectively, LMWPH, a hydrolysate of WPC, has distinct physicochemical properties and enhanced absorptive characteristics. Taken together, LMWPH is composed of low-molecular-weight peptides with low antigenicity and has improved absorption compared to WPC. Therefore, LMWPH can be used as a protein source with high bioavailability in the development of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeok Boo Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.C.); (H.K.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongyeong Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.C.); (H.K.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.C.); (H.K.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- R&D Group, Maeil Health Nutrition Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek 17714, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (A.-H.J.)
| | - A-Hyun Jeong
- R&D Group, Maeil Health Nutrition Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek 17714, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (A.-H.J.)
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.C.); (H.K.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.C.); (H.K.)
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2
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Chauvet L, Ménard O, Le Gouar Y, Henry G, Jardin J, Hennetier M, Croguennec T, Van Audenhaege M, Dupont D, Lemaire M, Le Huërou-Luron I, Deglaire A. Protein ingredient quality of infant formulas impacts their structure and kinetics of proteolysis under in vitro dynamic digestion. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112883. [PMID: 37254331 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Infant formula (IF) is a complex matrix requiring numerous ingredients and processing steps. The objective was to understand how the quality of protein ingredients impacts IF structure and, in turn, their kinetics of digestion. Four powdered IFs (A/B/C/D), based on commercial whey protein (WP) ingredients, with different protein denaturation levels and composition (A/B/C), and on caseins with different supramolecular organisations (C/D), were produced at a semi-industrial level after homogenization and spray-drying. Once reconstituted in water (13 %, wt/wt), the IF microstructure was analysed with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multi-angle light scattering and differential refractometer, transmission electron microscopy and electrophoresis. The rehydrated IFs were subjected to simulated infant in vitro dynamic digestion (DIDGI®). Digesta were regularly sampled to follow structural changes (confocal microscopy, laser-light scattering) and proteolysis (OPA, SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS, cation-exchange chromatography). Before digestion, different microstructures were observed among IFs. IF-A, characterized by more denatured WPs, presented star-shaped mixed aggregates, with protein aggregates bounded to casein micelles, themselves adsorbed at the fat droplet interface. Non-micellar caseins, brought by non-micellar casein powder (IF-D) underwent rearrangement and aggregation at the interface of flocculated fat droplets, leading to a largely different microstructure of IF emulsion, with large aggregates of lipids and proteins. During digestion, IF-A more digested (degree of proteolysis + 16 %) at 180 min of intestinal phase than IF-C/D. The modification of the supramolecular organisation of caseins implied different kinetics of peptide release derived from caseins during the gastric phase (more abundant at G80 for IF-D). Bioactive peptide release kinetics were also different during digestion with IF-C presenting a maximal abundance for a large proportion of them. Overall, the present study highlights the importance of the structure and composition of the protein ingredients (WPs and caseins) selected for IF formulation on the final IF structure and, in turn, on proteolysis. Whether it has some physiological consequences remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Chauvet
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France; Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Saint Gilles, France; SODIAAL International, Centre Recherche & Innovation, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Marie Hennetier
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Ecole d'ingénieur de Purpan, Département Sciences Agronomique et Agroalimentaire, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Marion Lemaire
- SODIAAL International, Centre Recherche & Innovation, Rennes, France
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3
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Feng Y, Yuan D, Cao C, Kong B, Sun F, Xia X, Liu Q. Changes of in vitro digestion rate and antioxidant activity of digestion products of ethanol-modified whey protein isolates. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Digestion of curcumin-fortified yogurt in short/long gastric residence times using a near-real dynamic in vitro human stomach. Food Chem 2022; 372:131327. [PMID: 34818741 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic in vitro human stomach (DIVHS), simulating the anatomical structures, peristalsis, and biochemical environments of a real stomach as practically as possible, was applied to mimic the gastric pH and emptying during yogurt digestion in short/long gastric residence times. The influences of peristalsis, dilution, and proteolysis on digesta viscosity were quantified respectively, indicating the dominant role of proteolysis and dilution. After incorporating curcumin-whey protein microparticles with targeted-release formula in yogurt, the peak curcumin release during intestinal digestion reached 43% at 120 min in the short gastric residence time and 16% at 180 min in the long gastric residence time. The change in the maximum curcumin release depended on the gastric emptying kinetics in each residence time. This emptying-kinetics dependence was reflected by the slower microparticle disintegration and proteolysis in the long gastric residence time. The dynamic reproduction of realistic gastric conditions using DIVHS helps revealing controlled release from foods.
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Abou-Diab M, Thibodeau J, Fliss I, Dhulster P, Nedjar N, Bazinet L. Impact of conductivity on the performances of electro-acidification and enzymatic hydrolysis phases of bovine hemoglobin by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes for the production of bioactive peptides. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Ye A. Gastric colloidal behaviour of milk protein as a tool for manipulating nutrient digestion in dairy products and protein emulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Bustamante SZ, González JG, Sforza S, Tedeschi T. Bioactivity and peptide profile of whey protein hydrolysates obtained from Colombian double-cream cheese production and their products after gastrointestinal digestion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Ye Q, Ge F, Wang Y, Woo MW, Wu P, Chen XD, Selomulya C. On improving bioaccessibility and targeted release of curcumin-whey protein complex microparticles in food. Food Chem 2020; 346:128900. [PMID: 33418409 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a bioactive food component, with poor bioaccessibility due to low water solubility and stability. Spray drying retained and in fact enhanced curcumin-whey protein isolate (WPI) complexation via desolvation, lowering the amount of unbound curcumin to <5% wt after drying, forming microparticles with better water solubility, stability, and bioaccessibility than raw curcumin. The desolvated microparticles encapsulated 3.47 ± 0.05 mg/g curcumin, almost one order of magnitude higher than the un-desolvated sample 0.37 ± 0.03 mg/g. After incorporation into yogurt, the rapid-release formula liberated 87% curcumin, whereas the targeted-release one discharged 44% before entering the simulated intestinal condition. Most of the yogurt sensory properties were not adversely affected, except for colour and curcumin flavour. This study proposed a strategy in which food ingredients containing hydrophobic bioactive small molecules can be incorporated into a food matrix to improve bioaccessibility and targeted release, without affecting their sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Fangzi Ge
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Meng Wai Woo
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peng Wu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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9
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Broersen K. Milk Processing Affects Structure, Bioavailability and Immunogenicity of β-lactoglobulin. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070874. [PMID: 32635246 PMCID: PMC7404694 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk is subjected to various processing steps to warrant constant quality and consumer safety. One of these steps is pasteurization, which involves the exposure of liquid milk to a high temperature for a limited amount of time. While such heating effectively ameliorates consumer safety concerns mediated by pathogenic bacteria, these conditions also have an impact on one of the main nutritional whey constituents of milk, the protein β-lactoglobulin. As a function of heating, β-lactoglobulin was shown to become increasingly prone to denaturation, aggregation, and lactose conjugation. This review discusses the implications of such heat-induced modifications on digestion and adsorption in the gastro-intestinal tract, and the responses these conformations elicit from the gastro-intestinal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerensa Broersen
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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10
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Luo S, Lu X, Liu C, Zhong J, Zhou L, Chen T. Site specific PEGylation of β-lactoglobulin at glutamine residues and its influence on conformation and antigenicity. Food Res Int 2019; 123:623-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Elbarbary HA, Ejima A, Sato K. Generation of antibacterial peptides from crude cheese whey using pepsin and rennet enzymes at various pH conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:555-563. [PMID: 29931710 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to prepare antimicrobial agents for food preservation from crude cheese whey. Crude cheese whey was digested with porcine pepsin, and calf and fungal rennets at various pHs. The digests were assessed for antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. RESULTS The calf rennet digest at pH 3.0 showed the highest antibacterial activity. Three antibacterial peptides that acted against B. subtilis lactoferrin f(20-30), and β-lactoglobulin f(14-22) and f(92-103) were identified in the calf rennet digest. Only lactoferrin f(20-30) also exerted bactericidal activity against E. coli. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the three peptides were generated by the porcine pepsin at pH 2.5, whereas the calf rennet generated them at a wider pH (pH 2.5-3.5). Fungal rennet generated only β-lactoglobulin f14-22 at pH 3.5. The pepsin and calf rennet digests at pH 2.5 and 3.0, respectively, reduced the E. coli and B. subtilis populations by approximately 2 log at 6000 µg mL-1 in milk at 4 °C. CONCLUSION The calf rennet and porcine pepsin digests of cheese whey, at a specific acidic pH, which can be prepared from food-grade materials, have the potential to be used as natural food preservatives due to the presence of the three antibacterial peptides. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A Elbarbary
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - Akika Ejima
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sato
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Ye Q, Woo MW, Selomulya C. Modification of molecular conformation of spray-dried whey protein microparticles improving digestibility and release characteristics. Food Chem 2018; 280:255-261. [PMID: 30642493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the preparation of riboflavin-loaded whey protein isolate (WPI) microparticles, using desolvation and then spray drying. Ethanol desolvation led to the exposure of embedded hydrophobic amino acids of WPI to riboflavin, facilitating the formation of riboflavin-WPI complexes. The extent of desolvation and cross-linking influenced the morphology of the spray-dried microparticles, while the moisture content of microparticles decreased with desolvation and increased with crosslinking. The modification of WPI conformation upon desolvation could be retained in the dry state via spray drying. The gastric resistance, release site and release characteristics of microparticles were readily adjusted by varying the ethanol and calcium ion contents from 0 to 50% v/v and from 0 to 2 mM, respectively. The sample prepared from 30% v/v ethanol without calcium crosslinking displayed rapid peptic digestion in less than 30 min. The samples from 30% v/v ethanol at 1 and 2 mM Ca2+ exhibited excellent gastric resistance and intestinal release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, 18 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Meng Wai Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, 18 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Cordelia Selomulya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, 18 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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13
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Chen H, Hong Q, Zhong J, Zhou L, Liu W, Luo S, Liu C. The enhancement of gastrointestinal digestibility of β‐LG by dynamic high‐pressure microfluidization to reduce its antigenicity. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University No 235, Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Qitong Hong
- State Key laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University No 235, Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Junzhen Zhong
- State Key laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University No 235, Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University No 235, Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University No 235, Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Shunjing Luo
- State Key laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University No 235, Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University No 235, Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
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14
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Laser interferometry of the hydrolytic changes in protein solutions: the refractive index and hydration shells. J Biol Phys 2018; 44:345-360. [PMID: 29752596 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-018-9494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an original laser interferometer of enhanced sensitivity, an increase in the refractive index of a protein solution was observed during the reaction of proteolysis catalyzed by pepsin. The increase in the refractive index of the protein solution at a concentration of 4 mg/ml was [Formula: see text] for bovine serum albumin and [Formula: see text] for lysozyme. The observed effect disproves the existing idea that the refractive index of protein solutions is determined only by their amino acid composition and concentration. It is shown that the refractive index also depends on the state of protein fragmentation. A mathematical model of proteolysis and a real-time method for estimating the state of protein hydration based on the measurement of refractive index during the reaction are proposed. A good agreement between the experimental and calculated time dependences of the refractive index shows that the growth of the surface of protein fragments and the change in the number of hydration cavities during proteolysis can be responsible for the observed effect.
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Mureşan CI, Schierhorn A, Buttstedt A. The Fate of Major Royal Jelly Proteins during Proteolytic Digestion in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4164-4170. [PMID: 29629561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a beehive product with a complex composition, major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) being the most abundant proteins. Cell culture and animal studies suggest various biological activities for the full-length/native MRJPs. In the field of apitherapy, it is assumed that MRJPs can positively affect human health. However, whenever RJ is administered orally, the availability for assimilation in the gastrointestinal tract is a prerequisite for MRJPs to have any effect on humans. We here show that MRJPs vary in resistance to pepsin digestion with MRJP2 being most stable and still present as full-length protein after 24 h of digestion. In the intestinal phase, using trypsin and chymotrypsin, MRJPs are rapidly digested with MRJP2 again showing longest stability (40 min), suggesting that MRJPs can reach the small intestine as full-length proteins but then have to be resorbed quickly if full-length proteins are to fulfill any biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen I Mureşan
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Hoher Weg 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
- Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură şi Biotehnologii , Calea Mănăştur 3-5 , 400372 Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Angelika Schierhorn
- Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Anja Buttstedt
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Hoher Weg 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
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16
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Separation of Antioxidant Peptides from Pepsin Hydrolysate of Whey Protein Isolate by ATPS of EOPO Co-polymer (UCON)/Phosphate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13320. [PMID: 29042603 PMCID: PMC5645355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of poly(ethylene glycol-ran-propylene glycol) monobutyl ether (UCON)/phosphate was developed for the separation of the antioxidant peptides from pepsin hydrolysate of Whey Protein Isolate (WPI). The efficiency of the separation was evaluated based on the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the separated peptides. The effects of some parameters on the partition of antioxidant peptides were investigated. An efficient separation of antioxidant peptides was achieved using ATPS with pH of 4.0, 4 mL of UCON solution (40%, w/w), 4 mL of KH2PO4 solution (15.5%, w/w), 2 mL of WPI hydrolysate and 0.40 g/10 mL of NaCl. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), amino acid analyzer and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used to characterize the purified peptides separated by the ATPS. The peptides in top phase were less polar than those in bottom phase. More antioxidative and hydrophobic amino acids were extracted to the top phase of ATPS, and the peptides with the amino acid sequences with antioxidant activities moved to the top phase as well. In conclusion, antioxidant peptides were successfully separated from the WPI hydrolysate by UCON/phosphate ATPS.
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17
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van Leusden P, den Hartog GJM, Bast A, Postema M, van der Linden E, Sagis LMC. Structure engineering of filled protein microbeads to tailor release of oil droplets in gastric digestion. Food Funct 2016; 7:3539-47. [PMID: 27458022 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oil-soluble components can be encapsulated in an O/W1/W2 microsystem, in which they are dissolved in oil droplets dispersed in a gelled microbead (W1), which forms a barrier between the oil droplets and the aqueous continuous phase (W2). We investigated the rate and mechanism of breakdown of protein microbeads in a simulated gastric system, and studied the influence of microbead protein concentration, gelling method (cold-set, slow and fast heat-set), and further processing (freeze-drying), on the breakdown process. Breakdown rate decreased with increasing protein content of the beads, for the same method of production. Due to the porosity of the slowly-heated heat-set beads, breakdown occurred evenly throughout the entire bead. Cold-set microbeads of 10% protein broke down slightly slower than the heat-set microbeads of 15%. The denser surface of the 10% beads slowed down the diffusion of the enzymes into the bead's interior, causing the beads to be broken down from the outside inward. All these beads broke down within one hour. Increasing the rate of temperature increase during the heating step dramatically slowed breakdown. There was no significant breakdown of rapidly heated beads within 138 minutes, even though no difference in microstructure between rapidly and slowly heated beads was visible with electron microscopy. Freeze-drying of the beads also slowed their breakdown. After 132 minutes more than half the measured particle volume of were intact beads. Freeze-drying changed the microstructure of the beads irreversibly: rehydrating the dried beads did not result in a breakdown behaviour similar to that of unprocessed beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Leusden
- Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Widyarani, Sari YW, Ratnaningsih E, Sanders JPM, Bruins ME. Production of hydrophobic amino acids from biobased resources: wheat gluten and rubber seed proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7909-20. [PMID: 27118013 PMCID: PMC4989023 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Protein hydrolysis enables production of peptides and free amino acids that are suitable for usage in food and feed or can be used as precursors for bulk chemicals. Several essential amino acids for food and feed have hydrophobic side chains; this property may also be exploited for subsequent separation. Here, we present methods for selective production of hydrophobic amino acids from proteins. Selectivity can be achieved by selection of starting material, selection of hydrolysis conditions, and separation of achieved hydrolysate. Several protease combinations were applied for hydrolysis of rubber seed protein concentrate, wheat gluten, and bovine serum albumin (BSA). High degree of hydrolysis (>50 %) could be achieved. Hydrophobic selectivity was influenced by the combination of proteases and by the extent of hydrolysis. Combination of Pronase and Peptidase R showed the highest selectivity towards hydrophobic amino acids, roughly doubling the content of hydrophobic amino acids in the products compared to the original substrates. Hydrophobic selectivity of 0.6 mol-hydrophobic/mol-total free amino acids was observed after 6 h hydrolysis of wheat gluten and 24 h hydrolysis of rubber seed proteins and BSA. The results of experiments with rubber seed proteins and wheat gluten suggest that this process can be applied to agro-industrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widyarani
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands. .,Research Centre for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Building 452, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Yessie W Sari
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Biophysics Division, Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Enny Ratnaningsih
- Study Programme of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Johan P M Sanders
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen UR, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke E Bruins
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen UR, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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19
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Dekkers BL, Kolodziejczyk E, Acquistapace S, Engmann J, Wooster TJ. Impact of gastric pH profiles on the proteolytic digestion of mixed βlg-Xanthan biopolymer gels. Food Funct 2016; 7:58-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastric pH profile duringin vitrogastric digestion is critical for proper assessment of mixed biopolymer gel proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Engmann
- Nestec S.A
- Nestlé Research Centre
- CH 1000 Switzerland
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20
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Ye A, Cui J, Dalgleish D, Singh H. Formation of a structured clot during the gastric digestion of milk: Impact on the rate of protein hydrolysis. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Sánchez-Rivera L, Ménard O, Recio I, Dupont D. Peptide mapping during dynamic gastric digestion of heated and unheated skimmed milk powder. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Loveday SM, Peram MR, Singh H, Ye A, Jameson GB. Digestive diversity and kinetic intrigue among heated and unheated β-lactoglobulin species. Food Funct 2015; 5:2783-91. [PMID: 25259629 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00362d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food processing often alters the structure of proteins, and proteins are deliberately denatured and aggregated to improve technological functionality in many cases. However, the digestive consequences of processing-induced alterations to protein structure have only recently been studied. Here we explored the process-structure-digestibility relationship in the context of heat-processing effects on the structure and gastric digestibility of the bovine whey protein β-lactoglobulin (β-lg). Heating β-lg produces an array of non-native monomers, dimers and aggregates, and we have characterised these with reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) as a complement to our earlier work using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) techniques. Using a combination of SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC we have identified pepsin-resistant dimers and peptides that appear early in digestion. In an unexpected finding, native β-lg underwent complete hydrolysis during prolonged incubation (48 h) with pepsin. Two phases of hydrolysis were identified, and the transition between phases appears to result from alterations to the secondary structure of β-lg at 3-4 h, as measured with circular dichroism spectroscopy, and/or the binding and release of a pepsin inhibitor peptide. This work has unpacked some of the complexities of the processing-structure-digestibility relationship in a highly simplified system; further work is needed to explore the implications of these findings for food processors, regulatory authorities and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Loveday
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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23
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Villas-Boas MB, Benedé S, de Lima Zollner R, Netto FM, Molina E. Epitopes resistance to the simulated gastrointestinal digestion of β-lactoglobulin submitted to two-step enzymatic modification. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Vorob’ev MM, Strauss K, Vogel V, Mäntele W. Demasking of Peptide Bonds During Tryptic Hydrolysis of β-casein in the Presence of Ethanol. FOOD BIOPHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-015-9391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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On the trail of milk bioactive peptides in human and animal intestinal tracts during digestion: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Zhong J, Luo S, Liu C, Liu W. Steady-state kinetics of tryptic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin after dynamic high-pressure microfluidization treatment in relation to antigenicity. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Singh TK, Øiseth SK, Lundin L, Day L. Influence of heat and shear induced protein aggregation on the in vitro digestion rate of whey proteins. Food Funct 2014; 5:2686-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00454j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein intake is essential for growth and repair of body cells, the normal functioning of muscles, and health related immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leif Lundin
- CSIRO Animal
- Food and Health Sciences
- Werribee, Australia
| | - Li Day
- CSIRO Animal
- Food and Health Sciences
- Werribee, Australia
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28
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Li J, Ye A, Lee SJ, Singh H. Physicochemical behaviour of WPI-stabilized emulsions in in vitro gastric and intestinal conditions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 111:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Controlled Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A New Strategy for the Discovery of Antimicrobial Peptides. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2013; 5:176-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-013-9138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Peram MR, Loveday SM, Ye A, Singh H. In vitro gastric digestion of heat-induced aggregates of β-lactoglobulin. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:63-74. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Gülseren İ, Fang Y, Corredig M. Whey protein nanoparticles prepared with desolvation with ethanol: Characterization, thermal stability and interfacial behavior. Food Hydrocoll 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Corzo-Martínez M, Ávila M, Moreno FJ, Requena T, Villamiel M. Effect of milk protein glycation and gastrointestinal digestion on the growth of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 153:420-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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33
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Moisés Laparra J, Corzo-Martinez M, Villamiel M, Javier Moreno F, Sanz Y. Maillard-type glycoconjugates from dairy proteins inhibit adhesion of Escherichia coli to mucin. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Adje EY, Balti R, Kouach M, Dhulster P, Guillochon D, Nedjar-Arroume N. Obtaining antimicrobial peptides by controlled peptic hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:143-53. [PMID: 21510973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Under standard conditions, the peptides and specially the active peptides were obtained from either the denatured hemoglobin that all structures are completely modified or either the native hemoglobin where all structures are intact. In these conditions, antibacterial peptides were isolated from a very complex peptidic hydrolysate which contains more than one hundred peptides having various sizes and characteristics, involving a complex purification process. The new hydrolysis conditions were obtained by using 40% methanol, 30% ethanol, 20% propanol or 10% butanol. These conditions, where only the secondary structure of hemoglobin retains intact, were followed in order to enrich the hydrolyzed hemoglobin by active peptides or obtain new antibacterial peptides. In these controlled peptic hydrolysis of hemoglobin, a selective and restrictive hydrolysate contained only 29 peptides was obtained. 26 peptides have an antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Listeria innocua, and Escherichia coli with MIC from 187.1 to 1 μM. Among these peptides, 13 new antibacterial peptides are obtained only in these new hydrolysis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Yaba Adje
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien, IUT A Polytech'Lille-Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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35
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Malaki Nik A, Wright AJ, Corredig M. Impact of interfacial composition on emulsion digestion and rate of lipid hydrolysis using different in vitro digestion models. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 83:321-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Mudgal P, Daubert CR, Clare DA, Foegeding EA. Effect of disulfide interactions and hydrolysis on the thermal aggregation of β-lactoglobulin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1491-1497. [PMID: 20812724 DOI: 10.1021/jf101893v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The roles of sulfhydryl/disulfide interactions and acid/pepsin hydrolysis on β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) thermal aggregation at acidic pH 3.35 and 2 were studied using rheology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Western blotting. Pepsin promoted additional hydrolysis compared to the acid-hydrolyzed control sample based on a 12% increase in free amino groups. Hydrolysis with pepsin also resulted in an increase in the apparent viscosity by 2 logs upon heating 8% β-lg solutions at pH 3.35. Seemingly, hydrolysis promoted thermal aggregation of β-lg, correlating well with viscosity increases. Large microgels were observed in heated pepsin hydrolysates using TEM, supporting the increased viscosities of these dispersions. During thermal aggregation (85 °C, 3 h) of β-lg at pH 3.35, beyond the existence of limited disulfide interactions, acid hydrolysis and noncovalent interactions more likely play a crucial role in defining the functionality of acidified powdered modified whey ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Mudgal
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Schaub Hall, Dan Allen Drive, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624, United States
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37
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Application of an acid proteinase from Monascus purpureus to reduce antigenicity of bovine milk whey protein. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:1485-92. [PMID: 21298320 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An acid proteinase from Monascus purpureus No. 3403, MpuAP, was previously purified and some characterized in our laboratory (Agric Biol Chem 48:1637-1639, 1984). However, further information about this enzyme is lacking. In this study, we investigated MpuAP's comprehensive substrate specificity, storage stability, and prospects for reducing antigenicity of whey proteins for application in the food industry. MpuAP hydrolyzed primarily five peptide bonds, Gln(4)-His(5), His(10)-Leu(11), Ala(14)-Leu(15), Gly(23)-Phe(24) and Phe(24)-Phe(25) in the oxidized insulin B-chain. The lyophilized form of the enzyme was well preserved at 30-40°C for 7 days without stabilizers. To investigate the possibility of reducing the antigenicity of the milk whey protein, enzymatic hydrolysates of the whey protein were evaluated by inhibition ELISA. Out of the three main components of whey protein, casein and α-lactalbumin were efficiently degraded by MpuAP. The sequential reaction of MpuAP and trypsin against the whey protein successfully degraded casein, α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin with the highest degree of hydrolysis. As a result, the hydrolysates obtained by using the MpuAP-trypsin combination showed the lowest antigenicity compared with the single application of pepsin, trypsin or pepsin-trypsin combination. Therefore, the overall result suggested that the storage-stable MpuAP and trypsin combination will be a productive approach for making hypoallergic bovine milk whey protein hydrolysates.
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38
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Corzo-Martínez M, Soria AC, Belloque J, Villamiel M, Moreno FJ. Effect of glycation on the gastrointestinal digestibility and immunoreactivity of bovine β-lactoglobulin. Int Dairy J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Surface adsorption alters the susceptibility of whey proteins to pepsin-digestion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 344:372-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Picariello G, Ferranti P, Fierro O, Mamone G, Caira S, Di Luccia A, Monica S, Addeo F. Peptides surviving the simulated gastrointestinal digestion of milk proteins: Biological and toxicological implications. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:295-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Malaki Nik A, Wright AJ, Corredig M. Interfacial design of protein-stabilized emulsions for optimal delivery of nutrients. Food Funct 2010; 1:141-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00099j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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42
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Sarkar A, Goh KK, Singh RP, Singh H. Behaviour of an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by β-lactoglobulin in an in vitro gastric model. Food Hydrocoll 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Moreno FJ, Quintanilla-López JE, Lebrón-Aguilar R, Olano A, Sanz ML. Mass spectrometric characterization of glycated beta-lactoglobulin peptides derived from galacto-oligosaccharides surviving the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:927-937. [PMID: 18467121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometric study has been carried out to elucidate the structures of glycated peptides obtained after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) glycated with prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). The digests of both native and glycated beta-LG were analyzed by MALDI-MS, LC-ESI-MS, and LC-ESI-MS/MS. MALDI-MS profiles showed marked differences mainly related to the lower intensity of ions corresponding to the digest of glycated beta-LG. Overall, 58 and 23 unglycated peptides covering 97% and 63% of the mature beta-LG sequence could be identified in the digests of native and glycated samples, respectively. The LC-ESI-MS analyses corroborated the MALDI-MS results regarding the unglycated peptides but they also enabled an extensive investigation into the digest of glycated beta-LG. Thus, a total of 19 peptides glycated with GOS from two to seven hexose units could be identified. The tandem mass spectra of glycated peptides were mostly characterized by two neutral losses of 1026/1056, 864/894, 702/732, 540/570, 378/408, and 216/246 u, corresponding to the formation of the furylium ion and its subsequent "CHOH" loss, indicative of the peptide glycation with hepta-, hexa-, penta-, tetra-, tri-, and disaccharides, respectively. Also, other minor ionic species containing the furylium ring linked to different galactose units could be also detected, showing the diversity of the fragmentation pattern of peptides glycated with larger size carbohydrates. Finally, the putative GOS glycation sites could be determined at the NH(2)-terminal Leu residue and at Lys residues located in positions 14, 47, 75, 77, 83, 91, 100, 135, and 138.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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44
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Chicón R, López-Fandiño R, Alonso E, Belloque J. Proteolytic Pattern, Antigenicity, and Serum Immunoglobulin E Binding of β-Lactoglobulin Hydrolysates Obtained by Pepsin and High-Pressure Treatments. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:928-38. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Qi W, Su R, He Z, Zhang Y, Jin F. Pepsin-Induced Changes in the Size and Molecular Weight Distribution of Bovine Casein During Enzymatic Hydrolysis. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:5004-11. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Luz Sanz M, Corzo-Martínez M, Rastall RA, Olano A, Moreno FJ. Characterization and in vitro digestibility of bovine beta-lactoglobulin glycated with galactooligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:7916-25. [PMID: 17708643 DOI: 10.1021/jf071111l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are well-known prebiotic ingredients which can form the basis of new functional dairy products. In this work, the production and characterization of glycated beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) with prebiotic GOS through the Maillard reaction under controlled conditions ( a(w) = 0.44, 40 degrees C for 23 days) have been studied. The extent of glycation of beta-LG was evaluated by formation of furosine which progressively increased with storage for up to 16 days, suggesting that the formation of Amadori compounds prevailed over their degradation. RP-HPLC-UV, SDS-PAGE, and IEF profiles of beta-LG were modified as a consequence of its glycation. MALDI-ToF mass spectra of glycated beta-LG showed an increase of up to approximately 21% in its average molecular mass after storage for 23 days. Moreover, a decrease in unconjugated GOS (one tri-, two tetra-, and one pentasaccharide) was observed by HPAEC-PAD upon glycation. These results were confirmed by ESI MS. The stability of the glycated beta-LG to in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion was also described and compared with that of the unglycated protein. The yield of digestion products of glycated beta-LG was lower than that observed for the unglycated protein. The conjugation of prebiotic carbohydrates to stable proteins and peptides could open new routes of research in the study of functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luz Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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47
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Belloque J, Chicón R, López-Fandiño R. Unfolding and refolding of beta-lactoglobulin subjected to high hydrostatic pressure at different pH values and temperatures and its influence on proteolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:5282-8. [PMID: 17542606 DOI: 10.1021/jf070170w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The unfolding of beta-lactoglobulin during high-pressure treatment and its refolding after decompression were studied by 1H NMR and 2H/1H exchange at pH 6.8 and 2.5 and at 37 and 25 degrees C. The extent of unfolding increased with the pressure level. The structure of beta-lactoglobulin required higher pressures to unfold at pH 2.5 than at pH 6.8. More flexibility was achieved at 37 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. Results indicated that the structural region formed by strands F, G, and H was more resistant to unfold under acidic and neutral conditions. The exposure of Trp19 at an earlier time, as compared to other protein regions, supports the formation of a swollen structural state at pH 2.5. Refolding was achieved faster when beta-lactoglobulin was subjected to 200 MPa than to 400 MPa, to 37 degrees C than to 25 degrees C, and to acidic than to neutral pH. After treatment at 400 MPa for 20 min at neutral pH, the protein native structure was not recovered. All samples at acidic pH showed that the protein quickly regained its structure. Hydrolysis of beta-lactoglobulin by pepsin and chymotrypsin could be related to pressure-induced changes in the structure of the protein. Compared to the behavior of the protein at atmospheric pressure, no increased proteolysis was found in samples with no increased flexibility (100 MPa, 37 degrees C, pH 2.5). Slightly flexible structures were associated with significantly increased proteolysis (100 MPa, 37 degrees C, pH 6.8; 200 MPa, 37 degrees C, pH 2.5). Highly flexible structures were associated with very fast proteolysis (>or=200 MPa, 37 degrees C, pH 6.8; >or=300 MPa, 37 degrees C, pH 2.5). Proteolysis of prepressurized samples improved only when the protein was significantly changed after the pressure treatment (400 MPa, 25 degrees C, 20 min, pH 6.8).
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48
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Peyron S, Mouécoucou J, Frémont S, Sanchez C, Gontard N. Effects of heat treatment and pectin addition on beta-lactoglobulin allergenicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:5643-50. [PMID: 16848558 DOI: 10.1021/jf053178j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The specific effects of heat treatment and/or addition of low/high-methylated pectin (LMP/HMP) on the allergenicity of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) and its hydrolysis products were investigated through a two-step in vitro digestion approach. beta-Lg was first hydrolyzed by pepsin and then by a trypsin/chymotrypsin (T/C) mixture done in a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 1000. The protein digestion was followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis performed on each digestion product, and their in vitro allergenicity was analyzed by immunoblotting. Such procedure was applied on beta-Lg samples mixed with the two kinds of pectin before or after heating (80 degrees C, 25 min) to determine the respective impact of heat treatment and pectin addition. Heat denaturation improved significantly the susceptibility of beta-Lg against the pepsin and the T/C. This effect, which was coupled to a reduction in immunoreactivity of the digested beta-Lg, appeared to be distinctively modulated by LMP and HMP. Through nonspecific interaction with the beta-Lg, pectin could reduce the accessibility of cleavage sites and/or epitope sequences. This mechanism of action is discussed in relation to the intra- and intermolecular interactions between beta-Lg and pectin initiated under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Peyron
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Ingénierie des Agropolymères et des Technologies Emergentes, Université Montpellier II, cc023, Pl. E Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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Hernández-Ledesma B, Ramos M, Recio I, Amigo L. Effect of β-lactoglobulin hydrolysis with thermolysin under denaturing temperatures on the release of bioactive peptides. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1116:31-7. [PMID: 16580004 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, bovine beta-lactoglobulin A (beta-Lg A) was hydrolysed with thermolysin under non-denaturing and heat-denaturing conditions. The peptides released during hydrolysis were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. A total of 25 peptides were identified in the hydrolysate obtained at 37 degrees C for 5 min. Some of these peptides survived to further proteolysis even at higher incubation temperatures. Furthermore, novel cleavage sites localised in the most buried zones of beta-Lg and available for thermolysin were recognised when the incubation temperature increased in the range between 60 and 80 degrees C. Three new peptides, LDA, LKPTPEGD, and LQKW, appeared after 30 min hydrolysis at these incubation temperatures, but they were not identified in the 30-min hydrolysates obtained at 37 and 50 degrees C. Of special interest was the peptide LQKW, corresponding to the fragment f(58-61) that had been previously described as a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor (IC50 value of 34.7 microM).
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Barros RM, Malcata FX. Molecular Characterization of Peptides Released from β-Lactoglobulin and α-Lactalbumin via Cardosins A and B. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:483-94. [PMID: 16428617 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crude mixtures of aspartic proteases from flowers of the plant Cynara cardunculus have been studied frequently, as have activities of such enzymes (in pure form) on caseins from bovine, ovine, and caprine sources. This research study addressed pure bovine whey protein as substrates; that is, alpha-lactalbumin (alphaLA) and beta-lactoglobulin (alpha-LG), submitted to hydrolysis by 1 of 2 aspartic proteases (cardosins A and B), previously extracted and purified from C. cardunculus. Samples collected, following incubation at 55 degrees C and pH 5.2, were assayed by fast protein liquid chromatography, reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography, and tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; the major peptides released were then collected and sequenced by Edman degradation. Cardosin B and, to a lesser degree, cardosin A showed proteolytic activity toward alpha-LA, but the hydrolyzates produced were characterized by distinct peptide profiles. Cardosin B possesses a broad specificity, and produces several hydrophobic peptides (at least 5, with molecular mass in the range 2 to 8 kDa) in the early stages, which eventually become more hydrophilic (with molecular mass below 2 kDa) at later stages of hydrolysis. Cardosin A was found to cleave alpha-LA at the peptide bonds Phe28-Arg29, Gly54-Tyr55, Ala59-Ile60, Leu71-Phe72, and Leu105-Thr106, whereas cardosin B cleaved Ala19-Glu20, Phe28-Arg29, Glu30-Leu31, Tyr37-Gly38, Trp45-Val46, Phe50-His51, Ala59-Ile60, Ser66-Thr67, Leu71-Phe72, Phe72-Gln73, Gln73-Ile74, Ile78-Trp79, Leu115-Asp116, and Leu124-Ala125. Conversely, cardosins A and B are apparently not active on beta-LG.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Barros
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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