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Es-Sounni B, Harboul K, Mouhib A, Alanazi AS, Hefnawy M, Bakhouch M, Benali T, Hammani K, Mazoir N, El Yazidi M, Benharref A, Fahim M. Ruthenium(II) Complex-Based Tetradentate Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Investigations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7879. [PMID: 39063120 PMCID: PMC11277530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis of novel Ruthenium (II) complex-based salen Schiff bases. The obtained Ruthenium (II) complexes are characterized using usual spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, viz., IR, UV-Vis, NMR (1H and 13C), powder X-ray diffraction, and HRMS. Further techniques, such as DTA-TGA and elemental analysis, are used to well establish the structure of the obtained complexes. Octahedral geometries are tentatively proposed for the new Ru(II) complexes. The measured molar conductance for the Ruthenium (II) complexes shows their electrolytic nature (4.24-4.44 S/m). The new Ru(II) complexes are evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays show that the obtained complexes are more potent than the used positive control. They also exhibit promising antibacterial responses against pathogen bacteria: [RuH2L3Cl2] exhibits an important inhibition against Bacillus subtilis DSM 6633, with an inhibition zone of 21 ± 1.41 mm with an MIC value of 0.39 mg/mL, and Proteus mirabilis INH, with 16.50 ± 0.70 mm and an MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL, while [RuH2L2Cl2] exerts interesting antibacterial effects versus Bacillus subtilis DSM 6633 (21 ± 1.41 mm) and Proteus mirabilis INH (25.5 ± 0.70 mm) with equal MIC values of 0.97 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Es-Sounni
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Naturel Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (B.E.-S.)
| | - Kaoutar Harboul
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Taza 30050, Morocco (T.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Ayoub Mouhib
- Bioorganic Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 1167, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Bakhouch
- Bioorganic Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Taza 30050, Morocco (T.B.); (K.H.)
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi 46000, Morocco
| | - Khalil Hammani
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Taza 30050, Morocco (T.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Noureddine Mazoir
- Bioorganic Chemistry Team, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Yazidi
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Ahmed Benharref
- Laboratory of Natural Substances Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Fahim
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Naturel Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco; (B.E.-S.)
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Bauer N, Yuan Z, Yang X, Wang B. Plight of CORMs: The unreliability of four commercially available CO-releasing molecules, CORM-2, CORM-3, CORM-A1, and CORM-401, in studying CO biology. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 214:115642. [PMID: 37321416 PMCID: PMC10529722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule with demonstrated pharmacological effects. In studying CO biology, three delivery forms have been used: CO gas, CO in solution, and CO donors of various types. Among the CO donors, four carbonyl complexes with either a transition metal ion or borane (BH3) (termed CO-releasing molecules or CORMs) have played the most prominent roles appearing in over 650 publications. These are CORM-2, CORM-3, CORM-A1, and CORM-401. Intriguingly, there have been unique biology findings that were only observed with these CORMs, but not CO gas; yet these properties were often attributed to CO, raising puzzling questions as to why CO source would make such a fundamental difference in terms of CO biology. Recent years have seen a large number of reports of chemical reactivity (e.g., catalase-like activity, reaction with thiol, and reduction of NAD(P)+) and demonstrated CO-independent biological activity for these four CORMs. Further, CORM-A1 releases CO in an idiosyncratic fashion; CO release from CORM-401 is strongly influenced or even dependent on reaction with an oxidant and/or a nucleophile; CORM-2 mostly releases CO2, not CO, after a water-gas shift reaction except in the presence of a strong nucleophile; and CORM-3 does not release CO except in the presence of a strong nucleophile. All these beg the question as to what constitutes an appropriate CO donor for studying CO biology. This review critically summarizes literature findings related to these aspects, with the aim of helping result interpretation when using these CORMs and development of essential criteria for an appropriate donor for studying CO biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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CORM-3 induces DNA damage through Ru(II) binding to DNA. Biochem J 2022; 479:1429-1439. [PMID: 35726678 PMCID: PMC9342897 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
When the ‘CO-releasing molecule-3’, CORM-3 (Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)), is dissolved in water it forms a range of ruthenium complexes. These are taken up by cells and bind to intracellular ligands, notably thiols such as cysteine and glutathione, where the Ru(II) reaches high intracellular concentrations. Here, we show that the Ru(II) ion also binds to DNA, at exposed guanosine N7 positions. It therefore has a similar cellular target to the anticancer drug cisplatin, but not identical, because Ru(II) shows no evidence of forming intramolecular crossbridges in the DNA. The reaction is slow, and with excess Ru, intermolecular DNA crossbridges are formed. The addition of CORM-3 to human colorectal cancer cells leads to strand breaks in the DNA, as assessed by the alkaline comet assay. DNA damage is inhibited by growth media containing amino acids, which bind to extracellular Ru and prevent its entry into cells. We conclude that the cytotoxicity of Ru(II) is different from that of platinum, making it a promising development target for cancer therapeutics.
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Rana BK, Roymahapatra G, Das HS, Giri S, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Nakka KK, Santra MK, Bag PP, Bertolasi V, Dinda J. Pyridine and pyrimidine functionalized half-sandwich Ru(II)-N heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, structures, spectra, electrochemistry and biological studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Interactions of (η5-CpRu)-[12]cycloparaphenylene full-sandwich complexes with 9-methylguanine. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Singh A, Maiti SK, Barman P. Synthesis, characterization, and DNA binding study of ruthenium(II/III) complexes containing ONS donor Schiff base. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 40:968-984. [PMID: 34477468 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.1969023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A chelating ligand of thioether with ONS donor Schiff base HL [(E)-2-(((2-(benzylthio)phenyl)imino)methyl)napthalen-1-ol] and its metal complexes (RuL1 and RuL2) have been synthesized. They have been characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry methods. The formulas of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The binding ability studies of the ligand (HL) and its Ru complexes (RuL1 and RuL2), with calf-thymus DNA have been explored by the absorption titration method. The binding interaction study reveals that the ligand (HL) and the complex RuL1 interact with CT-DNA through an intercalative mode of binding whereas the complex RuL2 does not show any interaction with CT-DNA due to steric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Subir Kr Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pranjit Barman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, India
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Singh A, Barman P. Recent Advances in Schiff Base Ruthenium Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:29. [PMID: 34109453 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review concentrates on recent developments in ruthenium Schiff bases, whose steric and electronic characteristics can be manipulated easily by selecting suitable condensing aldehydes or ketones and primary amines, and their metal complexes. Ruthenium metal-based complexes and Schiff base ligands are rapidly becoming conventionally considered for biological applications (antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial), in catalysis, in functional materials, in sensors, and as pigments for dyes. Ruthenium complexes exhibit a broad variety of activities concerning simple Schiff base ligands. This may be due to the octahedral bonding of both Ru(II) and Ru(III) complexes, which acquire an extended reservoir of a three-dimensional framework, providing the potential for an elevated degree of site selectivity for binding to their biological targets. This review provides an overview of this field, and intends to highlight both ligand design and synthetic methodology development, as well as significant applications of these metal complexes. In this review, we summarize our work on the development of ruthenium complexes, which was performed over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pranjit Barman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, India.
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8
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Rana BK, Roymahapatra G, Das HS, Giri S, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Kiran N, Santra MK, Bag PP, Bertolasi V, Dinda J. Pyridine and pyrimidine functionalized half-sandwich Ru(II)-N heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, structures, spectra, electrochemistry and biological studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Hajji L, Saraiba-Bello C, Segovia-Torrente G, Scalambra F, Romerosa A. CpRu Complexes Containing Water Soluble Phosphane PTA and Natural Purines Adenine, Guanine and Theophylline: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lazhar Hajji
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL; Universidad de Almería; Carretera Sacramento s/n 40120 Almería Spain
| | - Cristobal Saraiba-Bello
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL; Universidad de Almería; Carretera Sacramento s/n 40120 Almería Spain
| | - Gaspar Segovia-Torrente
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL; Universidad de Almería; Carretera Sacramento s/n 40120 Almería Spain
| | - Franco Scalambra
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL; Universidad de Almería; Carretera Sacramento s/n 40120 Almería Spain
| | - Antonio Romerosa
- Área de Química Inorgánica-CIESOL; Universidad de Almería; Carretera Sacramento s/n 40120 Almería Spain
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Liang J, Levina A, Jia J, Kappen P, Glover C, Johannessen B, Lay PA. Reactivity and Transformation of Antimetastatic and Cytotoxic Rhodium(III)–Dimethyl Sulfoxide Complexes in Biological Fluids: An XAS Speciation Study. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4880-4893. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Junteng Jia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Kappen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Chris Glover
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Bernt Johannessen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Peter A. Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Comparative studies on DNA-binding and in vitro antitumor activity of enantiomeric ruthenium(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 180:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Lenis-Rojas OA, Roma-Rodrigues C, Fernandes AR, Marques F, Pérez-Fernández D, Guerra-Varela J, Sánchez L, Vázquez-García D, López-Torres M, Fernández A, Fernández JJ. Dinuclear RuII(bipy)2 Derivatives: Structural, Biological, and in Vivo Zebrafish Toxicity Evaluation. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7127-7144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Lenis-Rojas
- Departamento de Química Fundamental & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da
Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da
Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências
e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, LRS, Portugal
| | - David Pérez-Fernández
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología
Física. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jorge Guerra-Varela
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología
Física. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología
Física. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Digna Vázquez-García
- Departamento de Química Fundamental & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Margarita López-Torres
- Departamento de Química Fundamental & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández
- Departamento de Química Fundamental & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Fernández
- Departamento de Química Fundamental & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
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Riccardi C, Musumeci D, Irace C, Paduano L, Montesarchio D. RuIIIComplexes for Anticancer Therapy: The Importance of Being Nucleolipidic. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Napoli Federico II; Via D. Montesano 49 80131 Napoli Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
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N. Deepika, C. Shobha Devi, Y. Praveen Kumar, K. Laxma Reddy, P. Venkat Reddy, D. Anil Kumar, Surya S. Singh, S. Satyanarayana. DNA-binding, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, apoptosis and photocleavage studies of Ru(II) complexes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:142-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tracking antitumor metallodrugs: promising agents with the Ru(II)- and Fe(II)-cyclopentadienyl scaffolds. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:527-44. [PMID: 27096164 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.16.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the field of metal complexes for the treatment of cancer diseases has attracted increasing interest due to the urgency in finding more efficient and selective treatments. Owing to their wide structural diversity, organometallic complexes appear as potential alternatives to the design of new anticancer candidates. Herein, we review recent progress in our work toward the development of new drugs based on Ru(II)- and Fe(II)-cyclopentadienyl scaffolds. Their design and chemical properties are reviewed and correlated with their biological effects, in particular the key role that coligands play in the overall behavior of the complex.
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Influence of the oxidation state of the metal center on the interaction of ruthenium complex with HSA. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Influence of PPh3 moiety in the anticancer activity of new organometallic ruthenium complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 136:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Mijatović AM, Jelić RM, Bogojeski J, Bugarčić ŽD, Petrović B. Kinetics, mechanism, and equilibrium studies of the reactions between a ruthenium(II) complex and some nitrogen- and sulfur-donor nucleophiles. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-1044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Gonçalves AC, Morais TS, Robalo MP, Marques F, Avecilla F, Matos CP, Santos I, Tomaz AI, Garcia MH. Important cytotoxicity of novel iron(II) cyclopentadienyl complexes with imidazole based ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 129:1-8. [PMID: 23994893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Four new compounds of general formula [FeCp(dppe)L][CF3SO3] with L=imidazole substituted ligands, and dppe=ethylenebis(diphenylphosphane) have been synthesized and characterized with the aim to evaluate their anticancer properties. The new compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods and the structure of [Fe(η(5)-C5H5)(dppe)(1-BuIm)] [CF3SO3] (1), [Fe(η(5)-C5H5)(dppe) (ImH)][CF3SO3] (3) and [Fe(η(5)-C5H5)(dppe)(1HmIm)][CF3SO3] (4) (where 1-BuIm=1-butylimidazole, and 1HmIm=N-hydroxymethylimidazole) was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Apparently, these compounds are the first reported 'Fe(η(5)-C5H5)' half sandwich derivatives presenting high cytotoxic activity against a set a human tumor cell lines predicting their potential value as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Centro de Ciências Moleculares e Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Morais TS, Santos F, Côrte-Real L, Marques F, Robalo MP, Madeira PJA, Garcia MH. Biological activity and cellular uptake of [Ru(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)(Me2bpy)][CF3SO3] complex. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 122:8-17. [PMID: 23416310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer activity of the new [Ru(η(5)-C5H5)(PPh3)(Me2bpy)][CF3SO3] (Me2bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) complex was evaluated in vitro against several human cancer cell lines, namely A2780, A2780CisR, HT29, MCF7, MDAMB231 and PC3. Remarkably, the IC50 values, placed in the nanomolar and sub-micromolar range, largely exceeded the activity of cisplatin. Binding to human serum albumin, either HSA (human serum albumin) or HSA(faf) (fatty acid-free human serum albumin) does not affect the complex activity. Fluorescence studies revealed that the present ruthenium complex strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of albumin. Cell death by the [Ru(η(5)-C5H5)(PPh3)(Me2bpy)][CF3SO3] complex was reduced in the presence of endocytosis modulators and at low temperature, suggesting an energy-dependent mechanism consistent with endocytosis. On the whole, the biological activity evaluated herein suggests that the complex could be a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia S Morais
- Centro de Ciências Moleculares e Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Roy S, Maheswari PU, Golobič A, Kozlevčar B, Reedijk J. Synthesis, crystal structure and biological studies of the highly anticancer active compound trans-dichloridobis(4-methyl-2-N-(2-pyridylmethylene)-aminophenol)ruthenium(II). Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kalaivani P, Prabhakaran R, Poornima P, Dallemer F, Vijayalakshmi K, Padma VV, Natarajan K. Versatile Coordination Behavior of Salicylaldehydethiosemicarbazone in Ruthenium(II) Carbonyl Complexes: Synthesis, Spectral, X-ray, Electrochemistry, DNA Binding, Cytotoxicity, and Cellular Uptake Studies. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300914n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - F. Dallemer
- Laboratoire Chimie
Provence-CNRS
UMR6264, Université of Aix-Marseille I, II and III-CNRS, Campus Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme,
Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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23
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Morais TS, Silva TJ, Marques F, Robalo MP, Avecilla F, Madeira PJA, Mendes PJ, Santos I, Garcia MH. Synthesis of organometallic ruthenium(II) complexes with strong activity against several human cancer cell lines. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 114:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Morais TS, Garcia MH, Robalo MP, Piedade M, Duarte MT, Villa de Brito MJ, Amorim Madeira PJ. Synthesis and structural characterization of new piano-stool ruthenium(II) complexes bearing 1-butylimidazole heteroaromatic ligand. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Synthesis, DNA binding, hemolytic, and anti-cancer assays of curcumin I-based ligands and their ruthenium(III) complexes. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Fontana G, Abbate M, Casella G, Pellerito C, Longo A, Ferrante F. Synthesis, chemical characterization and preliminary in vitro antitumor activity evaluation of new ruthenium(II) complexes with sugar derivatives. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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In vitro and in vivo biological activity screening of Ru(III) complexes involving 6-benzylaminopurine derivatives with higher pro-apoptotic activity than NAMI-A. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:937-48. [PMID: 21536006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel octahedral ruthenium(III) complexes involving 6-benzylaminopurine (L) derivatives as N-donor ligands has been prepared by the reaction of [(DMSO)(2)H][trans-RuCl(4)(DMSO)(2)] with the corresponding L derivative. The complexes 1-12 have the general compositions trans-[RuCl(4)(DMSO)(n-Cl-LH)]⋅xSol (1-3), trans-[RuCl(4)(DMSO)(n-Br-LH)]·xSol (4-6), trans-[RuCl(4)(DMSO)(n-OMe-LH)]·xSol (7-9) and trans-[RuCl(4)(DMSO)(n-OH-LH)]·xSol (10-12); n=2, 3, and 4, x=0-1.5; and Sol = H(2)O, DMSO, EtOH and/or (Me)(2)CO. The complexes have been thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, UV-visible, FTIR, Raman, and EPR spectroscopy, ES+(positive ionization electrospray) mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic and conductivity measurements. The X-ray molecular structure of trans-[RuCl(4)(DMSO)(3-Br-LH)]⋅(Me)(2)CO (5) revealed the distorted octahedral coordination in the vicinity of the central atom, and also confirmed that the 3-Br-L ligand is present as the N3-protonated N7-H tautomer and is coordinated to Ru(III) through the N9 atom of the purine moiety. The tested complexes have been found to be in vitro non-cytotoxic against K562, G361, HOS and MCF7 human cancer cell lines with IC(50)>100μM in contrast to the moderate results regarding the antiradical activity with IC(50)≈10(-3)M. On the contrary, in vivo antitumor activity screening showed that the prepared Ru(III) complexes possess higher pro-apoptotic activity than NAMI-A. The reduction of Ru(III) to Ru(II) and Ru(II)-species formation in tumor tissues was confirmed by means of a simple method of detection and visualization of intracellular Ru(II) by fluorescence microscopy. The originality of this method is based on the preparation of a Ru(II)-bipyridine complex in situ.
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Hajji L, Saraiba-Bello C, Romerosa A, Segovia-Torrente G, Serrano-Ruiz M, Bergamini P, Canella A. Water-Soluble Cp Ruthenium Complex Containing 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane and 8-Thiotheophylline Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Activity. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:873-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101466u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lazhar Hajji
- Área de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, 04071 Almería, Spain
| | - Cristobal Saraiba-Bello
- Área de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, 04071 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonio Romerosa
- Área de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, 04071 Almería, Spain
| | - Gaspar Segovia-Torrente
- Área de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, 04071 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano-Ruiz
- Área de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, 04071 Almería, Spain
| | - Paola Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell’Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italia
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, Italia
| | - Alessandro Canella
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare dell’Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italia
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29
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Mura P, Camalli M, Casini A, Gabbiani C, Messori L. Trans–cis–cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)2(2-amino-5-methyl-thiazole)2], (PMRu52), a novel ruthenium(II) compound acting as a strong inhibitor of cathepsin B. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Neutral or cationic arene ruthenium complexes providing both hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic properties due to the robustness of the ruthenium-arene unit hold a high potential for the development of metal-based anticancer drugs. Mononuclear arene ruthenium complexes containing P- or N-donor ligands or N,N-, N,O- or O,O-chelating ligands, dinuclear arene ruthenium systems with adjustable organic linkers, trinuclear arene ruthenium clusters containing an oxo cap, tetranuclear arene ruthenium porphyrin derivatives that are photoactive, as well as hexanuclear ruthenium cages that are either empty or filled with other molecules have been shown to be active against a variety of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Süss-Fink
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Case postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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31
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Abstract
Interest in Ru anticancer drugs has been growing rapidly since NAMI-A ((ImH(+))[Ru(III)Cl(4)(Im)(S-dmso)], where Im = imidazole and S-dmso = S-bound dimethylsulfoxide) or KP1019 ((IndH(+))[Ru(III)Cl(4)(Ind)(2)], where Ind = indazole) have successfully completed phase I clinical trials and an array of other Ru complexes have shown promise for future development. Herein, the recent literature is reviewed critically to ascertain likely mechanisms of action of Ru-based anticancer drugs, with the emphasis on their reactions with biological media. The most likely interactions of Ru complexes are with: (i) albumin and transferrin in blood plasma, the former serving as a Ru depot, and the latter possibly providing active transport of Ru into cells; (ii) collagens of the extracellular matrix and actins on the cell surface, which are likely to be involved in the specific anti-metastatic action of Ru complexes; (iii) regulatory enzymes within the cell membrane and/or in the cytoplasm; and (iv) DNA in the cell nucleus. Some types of Ru complexes can also promote the intracellular formation of free radical species, either through irradiation (photodynamic therapy), or through reactions with cellular reductants. The metabolic pathways involve competition among reduction, aquation, and hydrolysis in the extracellular medium; binding to transport proteins, the extracellular matrix, and cell-surface biomolecules; and diffusion into cells; with the extent to which individual drugs participate in various steps along these pathways being crucial factors in determining whether they are mainly anti-metastatic or cytotoxic. This diversity of modes of action of Ru anticancer drugs is also likely to enhance their anticancer activities and to reduce the potential for them to develop tumour resistance. New approaches to metabolic studies, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microscopy, are required to provide further mechanistic insights, which could lead to the rational design of improved Ru anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Pereira FDC, Vilanova-Costa CAST, de Lima AP, Ribeiro ADSBB, da Silva HD, Pavanin LA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 128:258-68. [PMID: 19020813 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes have attracted much attention as possible building blocks for new transition-metal-based antitumor agents. The present study examines the mitotoxic and clastogenic effects induced in the root tips of Allium cepa by cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate {cis-[Ru(C(2)O(2))(NH(3))(4)](2)(S(2)O(6))} at different exposure durations and concentrations. Correlation tests were performed to determine the effects of the time of exposure and concentration of ruthenium complex on mitotic index (MI) and mitotic aberration index. A comparison of MI results of cis-[Ru(C(2)O(2))(NH(3))(4)](2)(S(2)O(6)) to those of lead nitrate reveals that the ruthenium complex demonstrates an average mitotic inhibition eightfold higher than lead, with the frequency of cellular abnormalities almost fourfold lower and mitotic aberration threefold lower. A. cepa root cells exposed to a range of ruthenium complex concentrations did not display significant clastogenic effects. Cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate therefore exhibits a remarkable capacity to inhibit mitosis, perhaps by inhibiting DNA synthesis or blocking the cell cycle in the G2 phase. Further investigation of the mechanisms of action of this ruthenium complex will be important to define its clinical potential and to contribute to a novel and rational approach to developing a new metal-based drug with antitumor properties complementary to those exhibited by the drugs already in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia de Castro Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Mahalingam V, Chitrapriya N, Zeller M, Natarajan K. Ru(II)–DMSO complexes containing aromatic and heterocyclic acid hydrazides: Structure, electrochemistry and biological activity. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Ghosh A, Mandoli A, Kumar DK, Yadav NS, Ghosh T, Jha B, Thomas JA, Das A. DNA binding and cleavage properties of a newly synthesised Ru(II)-polypyridyl complex. Dalton Trans 2009:9312-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b906756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Corral E, Hotze ACG, den Dulk H, Leczkowska A, Rodger A, Hannon MJ, Reedijk J. Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes and their modes of interaction with DNA: is there a correlation between these interactions and the antitumor activity of the compounds? J Biol Inorg Chem 2008; 14:439-48. [PMID: 19085018 PMCID: PMC3036821 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-008-0460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Various interaction modes between a group of six ruthenium polypyridyl complexes and DNA have been studied using a number of spectroscopic techniques. Five mononuclear species were selected with formula [Ru(tpy)L1L2](2−n)+, and one closely related dinuclear cation of formula [{Ru(apy)(tpy)}2{μ-H2N(CH2)6NH2}]4+. The ligand tpy is 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine and the ligand L1 is a bidentate ligand, namely, apy (2,2′-azobispyridine), 2-phenylazopyridine, or 2-phenylpyridinylmethylene amine. The ligand L2 is a labile monodentate ligand, being Cl−, H2O, or CH3CN. All six species containing a labile L2 were found to be able to coordinate to the DNA model base 9-ethylguanine by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The dinuclear cationic species, which has no positions available for coordination to a DNA base, was studied for comparison purposes. The interactions between a selection of four representative complexes and calf-thymus DNA were studied by circular and linear dichroism. To explore a possible relation between DNA-binding ability and toxicity, all compounds were screened for anticancer activity in a variety of cancer cell lines, showing in some cases an activity which is comparable to that of cisplatin. Comparison of the details of the compound structures, their DNA binding, and their toxicity allows the exploration of structure–activity relationships that might be used to guide optimization of the activity of agents of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Corral
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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36
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García-Fernández A, Díez J, Manteca Á, Sánchez J, Gamasa MP, Lastra E. Novel hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate ruthenium(II) complexes containing the water-soluble phosphane 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane: Synthesis and evaluation of DNA binding properties. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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HEFFETER P, JUNGWIRTH U, JAKUPEC M, HARTINGER C, GALANSKI M, ELBLING L, MICKSCHE M, KEPPLER B, BERGER W. Resistance against novel anticancer metal compounds: Differences and similarities. Drug Resist Updat 2008; 11:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stereospecific ligands and their complexes: Synthesis and characterization of the s-cis-K[Ru(S,S-eddp)Cl2]·3H2O. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2008. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0805541g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the reaction of ruthenium(III) chloride and an edda-like ligand ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-S,S-2-propionic acid (S,S-eddp) in aqueous solution led to the formation of only one of the three possible geometrical isomers potassium- s-cis-dichlorido-(ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-S,S-2-propionato)-ruthenate(III)- -trihydrate, s-cis-K[Ru(S,S-eddp)Cl2]?3H2O. The assumed geometry of the complex was based on its electronic absorption and infrared spectra.
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39
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Pasgreta E, Puchta R, Galle M, van Eikema Hommes N, Zahl A, van Eldik R. Ligand-Exchange Processes on Solvated Lithium Cations: DMSO and Water/DMSO Mixtures. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1315-20. [PMID: 17525920 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Solutions of LiClO(4) in solvent mixtures consisting of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and water, or DMSO and gamma-butyrolactone, were studied by (7)Li NMR spectroscopy (for complexation by cryptands in gamma-butyrolactone as a solvent, see: E. Pasgreta, R. Puchta, M. Galle, N. J. R. van Eikema Hommes, A. Zahl, R. van Eldik, J. Incl. Phen., 2007, 58, 81-88). Chemical shifts indicate that the Li(+) ion is coordinated by four DMSO molecules. In the binary solvent mixture of water and DMSO, no selective solvation is detected, thus indicating that on increasing the water content of the solvent mixture, DMSO is gradually displaced by water in the coordination sphere of Li(+). The ligand-exchange mechanism of Li(+) ions solvated by DMSO and water/DMSO mixtures was studied using DFT calculations. Ligand exchange on [Li(DMSO)(4)](+) was found to follow a limiting associative (A) mechanism. The displacement of coordinated H(2)O by DMSO in [Li(H(2)O)(4)](+) follows an associative interchange mechanism. The suggested mechanisms are discussed in reference to available experimental and theoretical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pasgreta
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Brindell M, Stochel G, Bertolasi V, Boaretto R, Sostero S. Photochemistry oftrans- andcis-[RuCl2(dmso)4] in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solutions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Bratsos I, Serli B, Zangrando E, Katsaros N, Alessio E. Replacement of chlorides with dicarboxylate ligands in anticancer active Ru(II)-DMSO compounds: a new strategy that might lead to improved activity. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:975-92. [PMID: 17257042 DOI: 10.1021/ic0613964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new Ru(II)-DMSO complexes containing dicarboxylate ligands (dicarb), namely, oxalate (ox), malonate (mal), methylmalonate (mmal), dimethylmalonate (dmmal), and succinate (suc), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. These compounds were prepared from the known Ru(II)-Cl-DMSO anticancer complexes cis,fac-[RuCl2(DMSO-S)3(DMSO-O)] (1) and trans-[RuCl2(DMSO-S)4] (2) and from the chloride-free precursor fac-[Ru(DMSO-S)3(DMSO-O)3][CF3SO3]2 (3), with the aim of assessing how the nature of the anionic ligands influences the biological activity of these species. Basically, the investigated ligands can be divided into two groups. The reaction of either 1 or 2 with K2(dicarb) (dicarb = ox, mal, mmal) yielded preferentially the mononuclear species [K]fac-[RuCl(DMSO-S)3(eta2-dicarb)] (dicarb = mal, 6; mmal, 9; ox, 14) that contains a chelating dicarboxylate unit and a residual chloride. Likewise, when 3 was used as a precursor, the neutral mononuclear species fac-[Ru(DMSO-O)(DMSO-S)3(eta2-dicarb)] (dicarb = mal, 7; mmal, 10; ox, 16), which contains a DMSO-O ligand in the place of Cl-, was obtained. On the contrary, K2(suc) and K2(dmmal) yielded preferentially the dinuclear species [fac-Ru(DMSO-S)3(H2O)(mu-dicarb)]2 (dicarb = dmmal, 11; suc, 13), with two bridging dicarboxylate moieties. The two water molecules in anti geometry have strong intramolecular H-bonding with the non-coordinated oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups. The solid-state X-ray structural data showed that the preferential binding mode of the investigated dicarboxylates, either bridging (mu) or chelating (eta2), is dictated mainly by steric reasons. Oxalate, unlike the other dicarboxylates, has also the bridging bis-chelate (eta4,mu) coordination mode available: this was found in the dinuclear species [{fac-RuCl(DMSO-S)3}2(eta4,mu-ox)] (15) and [{fac-Ru(DMSO-O)(DMSO-S)3}2(eta4,mu-ox)][CF3SO3]2 (17). We also isolated the unprecedented neutral metallacycle, [fac-Ru(DMSO-S)3(eta3,mu-ox)]4 (18), in which each oxalate unit has one unbound oxygen atom. The new complexes were thoroughly characterized by 1-D (1H and 13C) and 2-D (H-H- COSY and HMQC) NMR spectroscopy in solution and by IR spectroscopy in the solid state. The molecular structures of 10 compounds, 6-11, 13, 15, 17, and 18, were determined by X-ray crystallography. The behavior of selected complexes in aqueous solution was investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bratsos
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, UniversitA di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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42
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Han Ang W, Dyson PJ. Classical and Non‐Classical Ruthenium‐Based Anticancer Drugs: Towards Targeted Chemotherapy. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wee Han Ang
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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BRABEC V, NOVAKOVA O. DNA binding mode of ruthenium complexes and relationship to tumor cell toxicity. Drug Resist Updat 2006; 9:111-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Brindell M, Kuliś E, Elmroth SKC, Urbańska K, Stochel G. Light-induced anticancer activity of [RuCl2(DMSO)4] complexes. J Med Chem 2006; 48:7298-304. [PMID: 16279789 DOI: 10.1021/jm0502992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of trans-[RuCl2(DMSO)4] and cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)4] complexes was tested in two melanoma cell lines, human (SK-MEL 188) and mouse (S91). The trans isomer was found to be more effective for cell growth inhibition than its cis analogue both in the presence and in the absence of illumination. However, the antiproliferative activity of both isomers was significantly enhanced after irradiation with UVA light in comparison with their activity observed in the dark. The influence of light on the reaction of both ruthenium(II) isomers with the single-stranded hexanucleotide d(T2GGT2), chosen as a model system for DNA, was also studied using chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. The photochemical reaction of the ruthenium(II) complexes with the oligonucleotide d(T2GGT2) resulted in the formation of Ru(G-N7)2 adducts, which was not observed in the same time scale in thermal reactions. The initial short irradiation of the inert cis isomer was found to facilitate the covalent adduct formation with d(T2GGT2) in the secondary thermal reactions and with a rate comparable to that found for the trans isomer, which is ca. 5-10 times more reactive in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Brindell
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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45
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Reisner E, Arion VB, Rufińska A, Chiorescu I, Schmid WF, Keppler BK. Isomeric [RuCl2(dmso)2(indazole)2] complexes: ruthenium(ii)-mediated coupling reaction of acetonitrile with 1H-indazole. Dalton Trans 2005:2355-64. [PMID: 15995743 DOI: 10.1039/b503650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the antitumor complex trans-[Ru(III)Cl4(Hind)2]- (Hind = indazole) with an excess of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) in acetone afforded the complex trans,trans,trans-[Ru(II)Cl2(dmso)2(Hind)2] (1). Two other isomeric compounds trans,cis,cis-[Ru(II)Cl2(dmso)2(Hind)2] (2) and cis,cis,cis-[Ru(II)Cl2(dmso)2(Hind)2] (3) have been obtained on refluxing cis-[Ru(II)Cl(2)(dmso)(4)] with 2 equiv. of indazole in ethanol and methanol, respectively. Isomers 1 and 2 react with acetonitrile yielding the complexes trans-[Ru(II)Cl2(dmso)(Hind){HN=C(Me)ind}].CH3CN (4.CH3CN) and trans,cis-[Ru(II)Cl2(dmso)2{HN=C(Me)ind}].H2O (5.H2O), respectively, containing a cyclic amidine ligand resulting from insertion of the acetonitrile C triple bond N group in the N1-H bond of the N2-coordinated indazole ligand in the nomenclature used for 1H-indazole. These are the first examples of the metal-assisted iminoacylation of indazole. The products isolated have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, electrospray mass-spectrometry, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and solid-state 13C CP MAS NMR spectroscopy. The isomeric structures of 1-3 and the presence of a chelating amidine ligand in 4 and 5 have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The electrochemical behavior of 1-5 and the formation of 5 have been studied by cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Reisner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry-Bioinorganic, Environmental and Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Wu A, Kennedy DC, Patrick BO, James BR. Ruthenium(II) Sulfoxide−Maltolato and −Nitroimidazole Complexes: Synthesis and MTT Assay. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:7579-86. [PMID: 14606854 DOI: 10.1021/ic030119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ru(II) sulfoxide-maltolato complexes, Ru(ma)(2)(L)(2) (L = DMSO (1a) and TMSO (1b) or L(2) = BESE (1c)), were synthesized, as well as the analogous ethylmaltolato derivatives, Ru(etma)(2)(L)(2) (2a-c) (ma = 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-onate, etma = 2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-onate, TMSO = tetramethylene sulfoxide, BESE = 1,2-bis(ethylsulfinyl)ethane). A Ru(II) bidentate sulfoxide-metronidazole complex, RuCl(2)(BESE)(metro)(2) (3), was also synthesized (metro = metronidazole = 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol). The complexes were characterized generally by (1)H NMR, UV-vis, and IR spectroscopies, as well as MS, elemental analysis, solution conductivity, and cyclic voltammetry. The molecular structures of Ru(ma)(2)(S,R-BESE) (1c) and trans-RuCl(2)(R,R-BESE)(metro)(2) (3) were determined by X-ray crystallography. All sulfoxide ligands are S-bonded. The complexes were tested against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-435S) using an in vitro MTT assay, a colorimetric determination of cell viability: 2a,b exhibit the lowest IC(50) values of 190 +/- 10 and 220 +/- 10 microM, respectively. Cisplatin exhibits an IC(50) value of 30 +/- 5 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Grguric-Sipka SR, Vilaplana RA, Pérez JM, Fuertes MA, Alonso C, Alvarez Y, Sabo TJ, González-Vílchez F. Synthesis, characterization, interaction with DNA and cytotoxicity of the new potential antitumour drug cis-K[Ru(eddp)Cl2]. J Inorg Biochem 2003; 97:215-20. [PMID: 14512200 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(03)00281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The new potential antitumour soluble drug K[Ru(eddp)Cl(2)].3H(2)O, (eddp=ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-3-propionate) has been isolated and characterized. The analysis of the interaction of this complex with pBR322 plasmid DNA by circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that the ruthenium complex initially induces alteration of both CD positive and negative features resembling those previously observed for monofunctional platinum complexes. Further addition of drug at r(i) higher than 0.50 suggests appreciable conformational alterations of typical secondary structure of B-type DNA, implying loss of DNA helicity and unwinding of the double helix. The results reported herein about the binding of K[Ru(eddp)Cl(2)] to the named plasmid performed by electrophoresis indicate that the Ru(III) center preferentially forms initial monofunctional adducts with this plasmid. In addition, the DNA binding data suggest that the plasmid is cleaved by K[Ru(eddp)Cl(2)] in the presence of physiological concentrations of ascorbate. These results support the hypothesis that reactive Ru(II) species may be formed from Ru(III) upon incubation with a reductant agent such as ascorbate. The testing of the cytotoxic activity of this complex against several human cancer cell lines evidenced that K[Ru(eddp)Cl(2)] complex had a remarkable and selective antiproliferative effect against the cervix carcinoma HeLa and colon adenocarcinoma HT-29, behaving in these two cases as an antineoplastic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja R Grguric-Sipka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 158, Studentskitrg 16, 11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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Hartinger CG, Timerbaev AR, Keppler BK. Capillary electrophoresis in anti-cancer metallodrug research: advances and future challenges. Electrophoresis 2003; 24:2023-2037. [PMID: 12858372 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200305452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient separation method has been a long sought after goal for anti-cancer metallodrug developers. For many reasons, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has recently emerged as the method of choice for the separation of intact platinum metal complexes and their metabolites, assessment of drug stability, and studying the interaction of the administered and potential tumor-inhibiting metallocomplexes with biomolecules. Due to the application of gentle separation conditions and successful developments in combinations with molecule-specific detectors, CE is also growing in importance as a versatile tool for the characterization of specific metal-bioligand binding products and thereby for providing mechanism-of-action information. Recent advances in metallodrug monitoring by CE are reviewed and critically evaluated. Likewise, the current limitations of CE in the field, such as the lack of assays involving individual proteins and targeting real-world biological samples, are brought into focus. Further strategies for method's refinement in anti-cancer metallodrug research that should ultimately take place along these lines and result in the development of high-throughput screening CE systems in the near future are finally discussed.
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Aird RE, Cummings J, Ritchie AA, Muir M, Morris RE, Chen H, Sadler PJ, Jodrell DI. In vitro and in vivo activity and cross resistance profiles of novel ruthenium (II) organometallic arene complexes in human ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:1652-7. [PMID: 12085218 PMCID: PMC2746580 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2001] [Revised: 02/07/2002] [Accepted: 03/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes offer the potential of reduced toxicity, a novel mechanism of action, non-cross resistance and a different spectrum of activity compared to platinum containing compounds. Thirteen novel ruthenium(II) organometallic arene complexes have been evaluated for activity (in vitro and in vivo) in models of human ovarian cancer, and cross-resistance profiles established in cisplatin and multi-drug-resistant variants. A broad range of IC50 values was obtained (0.5 to >100 microM) in A2780 parental cells with two compounds (RM175 and HC29) equipotent to carboplatin (6 microM), and the most active compound (HC11) equipotent to cisplatin (0.6 microM). Stable bi-dentate chelating ligands (ethylenediamine), a more hydrophobic arene ligand (tetrahydroanthracene) and a single ligand exchange centre (chloride) were associated with increased activity. None of the six active ruthenium(II) compounds were cross-resistant in the A2780cis cell line, demonstrated to be 10-fold resistant to cisplatin/carboplatin by a mechanism involving, at least in part, silencing of MLH1 protein expression via methylation. Varying degrees of cross-resistance were observed in the P-170 glycoprotein overexpressing multi-drug-resistant cell line 2780AD that could be reversed by co-treatment with verapamil. In vivo activity was established with RM175 in the A2780 xenograft together with non-cross-resistance in the A2780cis xenograft and a lack of activity in the 2780AD xenograft. High activity coupled to non cross-resistance in cisplatin resistant models merit further development of this novel group of anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Aird
- Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
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