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Mukhtar E, Adhami VM, Sechi M, Mukhtar H. Dietary flavonoid fisetin binds to β-tubulin and disrupts microtubule dynamics in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 367:173-83. [PMID: 26235140 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule targeting based therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment; however, resistance and side effects remain a major limitation. Therefore, novel strategies that can overcome these limitations are urgently needed. We made a novel discovery that fisetin, a hydroxyflavone, is a microtubule stabilizing agent. Fisetin binds to tubulin and stabilizes microtubules with binding characteristics far superior than paclitaxel. Surface plasmon resonance and computational docking studies suggested that fisetin binds to β-tubulin with superior affinity compared to paclitaxel. Fisetin treatment of human prostate cancer cells resulted in robust up-regulation of microtubule associated proteins (MAP)-2 and -4. In addition, fisetin treated cells were enriched in α-tubulin acetylation, an indication of stabilization of microtubules. Fisetin significantly inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Nudc, a protein associated with microtubule motor dynein/dynactin complex that regulates microtubule dynamics, was inhibited with fisetin treatment. Further, fisetin treatment of a P-glycoprotein overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cell line NCI/ADR-RES inhibited the viability and colony formation. Our results offer in vitro proof-of-concept for fisetin as a microtubule targeting agent. We suggest that fisetin could be developed as an adjuvant for treatment of prostate and other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 4385 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Vaqar Mustafa Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 4385 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mario Sechi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 4385 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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2
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Byrne D, Daly C, Nicamhlaoibh R, Howlett A, Scanlon K, Clynes M. Use of ribozymes and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to investigate mechanisms of drug resistance. Cytotechnology 2012; 27:113-36. [PMID: 19002787 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008052401952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy can cure a number of human cancers but resistance (either intrinsic or acquired) remains a significant problem in many patients and in many types of solid tumour. Combination chemotherapy (using drugs with different cellular targets/mechanisms) was introduced in order to kill cells which had developed resistance to a specific drug, and to allow delivery of a greater total dose of anti-cancer chemicals by combining drugs with different side-effects (Pratt et al., 1994). Nearly all anti-cancer drugs kill tumour cells by activating an endogenous bio-chemical pathway for cell suicide, known as programmed cell death or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Byrne
- National Cell and Tissue Culture Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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3
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Abstract
The amount of new knowledge being generated regarding brain mechanisms in general, and epileptic mechanisms in particular, is enormous. Anticonvulsant drugs are ineffective in approximately a third of people with epilepsy. To our knowledge, strategies for preventing epilepsy after an initial insult are nonexistent. In this review, we briefly examine some recent novel concepts for preventing seizures, which might lead to enhanced anticonvulsant drug therapy. We start with some known seizure mechanisms that have yet to yield widely used anticonvulsant drugs, including potassium channels, chloride cotransporters, extracellular space constriction, gap junctions and magnesium. Pharmacoresistance is then discussed, focusing on the upregulation of drug-resistance proteins (a concept with significant therapeutic appeal) and the drug-target hypothesis. Two further areas that hold great promise for future therapeutics are sex hormones and inflammatory processes. The genetics of epilepsy are currently being elaborated, providing potential novel anticonvulsant targets. Prevention being better than a cure, we discuss epileptogenesis and its treatment. Given the astounding progress of neuroscience research, one hopes for many new therapeutics for our intractable epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Andrade
- University of Toronto, Division of Neurology, Epilepsy Program, Krembil neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Deparment of Medicine, 5W-445, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Peter L Carlen
- University of Toronto, Division of Neurology, Epilepsy Program, Krembil neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital & Toronto Western Research Institute, Departments of Medicine, Physiology & IBBME, 5W-442, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
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4
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Ozben T. Mechanisms and strategies to overcome multiple drug resistance in cancer. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:2903-9. [PMID: 16497299 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems in chemotherapy is multidrug resistance (MDR) against anticancer drugs. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of proteins that mediate MDR via ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps. Many MDR inhibitors have been identified, but none of them have been proven clinically useful without side effects. Efforts continue to discover not toxic MDR inhibitors which lack pharmacokinetic interactions with anticancer drugs. Novel approaches have also been designed to inhibit or circumvent MDR. In this review, the structure and function of ABC transporters and development of MDR inhibitors are described briefly including various approaches to suppress MDR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomris Ozben
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
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5
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Kostenko EV, Laktionov PP, Vlassov VV, Zenkova MA. Downregulation of PGY1/MDR1 mRNA level in human KB cells by antisense oligonucleotide conjugates. RNA accessibility in vitro and intracellular antisense activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1576:143-7. [PMID: 12031494 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of PGY1/MDR1 (multidrug resistance gene 1) mRNA expression in multidrug resistant KB-8-5 cells by 5'-bis-pyrenyl-3'-aminohexyl oligodeoxyribonucleotide conjugates targeted to four sites of this mRNA has been investigated. Three of the tested oligonucleotide conjugates specifically inhibited the expression of PGY1/MDR1 mRNA as monitored by the RT-PCR assay. The oligonucleotide conjugate targeted to the region (+178; +194) of the PGY1/MDR1 mRNA decreased level of this mRNA to 10% compared to the control. Nuclease-resistant analogs of oligonucleotide, complementary to this MDR1 mRNA region therefore, might be considered as a prototype compounds for development of gene-targeted therapeutic agents for overcoming the MDR phenotype caused by the overexpression of the PGY1/MDR1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Kostenko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk-90, 630090, Russia
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6
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Tokunaga T, Tsuchida T, Kijima H, Okamoto K, Oshika Y, Sawa N, Ohnishi Y, Yamazaki H, Miura S, Ueyama Y, Nakamura M. Ribozyme-mediated inactivation of mutant K-ras oncogene in a colon cancer cell line. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:833-9. [PMID: 10952790 PMCID: PMC2363525 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of c-K-ras oncogene is an important step in progression of colon cancer. We used a hammerhead ribozyme (KrasRz) against mutated K-ras gene transcripts (codon 12, GTT) to inactivate mutant K-ras function in the colon cancer cell line SW480, harbouring a mutant K-ras gene. The beta-actin promoter-driven KrasRz sequence (pHbeta/KrasRz) was introduced into these cells (SW480/KrasRz), and we evaluated its effects on growth of the colon cancer. The gene expression of angiogenesis-related molecules (vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin) was also estimated in SW480/KrasRz. KrasRz specifically and efficiently cleaved the mutant K-ras mRNA but not wild-type mRNA in vitro. SW480/KrasRz showed decreased growth rate under tissue culture conditions (P< 0.01, Dunnett's test). The xenotransplantability of SW480/KrasRz (XeSW480/KrasRz) was significantly decreased in nude mice (P< 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Tumour volume of the xenografts XeSW480/KrasRz was significantly smaller than that of XeSW480/DisKrasRz (P< 0.01, Dunnett's test). Gene expression of VEGF was suppressed in SW480/KrasRz, while TSP1 gene expression was enhanced. The SW480/KrasRz cells showed apoptosis-related features including nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. These results suggested that the hammerhead ribozyme-mediated inactivation of the mutated K-ras mRNA induced growth suppression, apoptosis and alteration of angiogenic factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tokunaga
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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7
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Kostenko EV, Beabealashvilly RS, Vlassov VV, Zenkova MA. Secondary structure of the 5'-region of PGY1/MDR1 mRNA. FEBS Lett 2000; 475:181-6. [PMID: 10869552 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify the optimal target sites for antisense oligonucleotides in the human multiple drug resistance mRNA, the secondary structure of the 5'-terminal part of this mRNA (nucleotides 1-678) was investigated. By using results of probing with ribonucleases T1, ONE and V1 and results of computer simulations, a model of the 5'-region of the PGY1/MDR1 mRNA was built. The molecule is formed by three major domains comprising several hairpins separated by single-stranded fragments. The predicted single-stranded regions of the PGY1/MDR1 mRNA efficiently bind complementary oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Kostenko
- Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Siberian Division of Rusian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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8
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Kantharidis P, El-Osta S, Silva MD, Lee G, Hu XF, Zalcberg J. Regulation of MDR1 gene expression: emerging concepts. Drug Resist Updat 2000; 3:99-108. [PMID: 11498374 DOI: 10.1054/drup.2000.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance genes, such as MDR1, involved in drug efflux, and their regulation have been the subject of intense research efforts in the past 10 years. Many factors and cellular signalling pathways play a role in the regulation of MDR1 gene expression. Commonly used chemotherapeutic agents activate in vitro and in vivo general stress response pathways, potential targets of which include MDR1 and other drug resistance genes. The contribution of these agents to the emergence of drug-resistant tumour cells is of concern. Recent evidence points to a role for the epigenetic regulation of MDR1 gene expression. The identification of key components in the DNA methylation/chromatin system of gene regulation may in time lead to more informed and targeted approaches to treating drug-resistant tumours. Copyright 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Kantharidis
- Sir Donald and Lady Trescowthick Research Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
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Beljanski M. The anticancer agent PB-100, selectively active on malignant cells, inhibits multiplication of sixteen malignant cell lines, even multidrug resistant. Genet Mol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572000000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant-derived anticancer agent PB-100 selectively destroys cancer cells, even when multidrug resistant; yet, it does not inhibit normal (non-malignant) cell multiplication. Testing of PB-100 on sixteen malignant cell lines, several multidrug resistant, as well as on five normal cell lines, confirmed our previous results. Flavopereirine and dihydroflavopereirine, the active principles of PB-100, were chemically synthesized and displayed the same selectivity for tumor cells as the purified plant extract, being active at even lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Beljanski
- Centre Oncologique et Biologique de Recherches Appliquées, France
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10
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Kijima H, Scanlon KJ. Ribozyme as an approach for growth suppression of human pancreatic cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2000; 14:59-72. [PMID: 10911615 DOI: 10.1385/mb:14:1:59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ribozymes (catalytic RNAs, RNA enzymes) are effective modulators of gene expression because of their simple structure, site-specific cleavage activity, and catalytic potential, and have potentially important implications for cancer gene therapy. Point mutations in the K-ras oncogene are found in approx 90% of human pancreatic carcinomas, and can be used as potential targets for specific ribozyme-mediated reversal of the malignant phenotype. In this study, we focused on in vitro manipulation of ribozyme targeting of the mutated K-ras oncogene in a human pancreatic carcinoma cell line. We evaluated the efficacy of an anti-K-ras hammerhead ribozyme targeted against GUU-mutated codon 12 of the K-ras gene in cultured pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. The anti-K-ras ribozyme significantly reduced cellular K-ras mRNA level (GUU-mutated codon 12) when the ribozyme was transfected into the Capan-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells. The ribozyme inhibited proliferation of the transfected Capan-1 cells. These results suggested that this ribozyme is capable of reversing the malignant phenotype in human pancreatic carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kijima
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa.
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11
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Abstract
Patients presenting with a natural killer (NK) cell leukemia generally have a poor prognosis. NK cell tumors are generally resistant to numerous chemotherapeutic drugs and even combination chemotherapy usually results in only short term remissions. The drug resistance of NK cell leukemias may be at least partially explained by their expression of the multidrug resistant transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). In this study, we demonstrate that the expression and function of Pgp activity on NK cells (leukemic and normal) can be reversed with IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Tambur
- Department of Pathology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Ribozymes as Biotherapeutic Tools for the Modulation of Gene Expression. Gene Ther 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-03577-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The delineation of gene function has always been an intensive subject of investigations. Recent advances in the synthesis and chemistry of oligonucleotides have now made these molecules important tools to study and identify gene function and regulation. Modulation of gene expression using oligonucleotides has been targeted at different levels of the cellular machinery. Triplex forming oligonucleotides, as well as peptide nucleic acids, have been used to inhibit gene expression at the level of transcription; after binding of these specific oligonucleotides, conformational change of the DNA's helical structure prevents any further DNA/protein interactions necessary for efficient transcription. Gene regulation can also be achieved by targeting the translation of mRNAs. Antisense oligonucleotides have been used to down-regulate mRNA expression by annealing to specific and determined region of an mRNA, thus inhibiting its translation by the cellular machinery. The exact mechanism of this type of inhibition is still under intense investigation and is thought to be related to the activation of RNase H, a ribonuclease that is widely available that can cleave the RNA/DNA duplex, thus making it inactive. Another well-characterized means of interfering with the translation of mRNAs is the use of ribozymes. Ribozymes are small catalytic RNAs that possess both site specificity and cleavage capability for an mRNA substrate, inhibiting any further protein formation. This review describes how these different oligonucleotides can be used to define gene function and discusses in detail their chemical structure, mechanism of action, advantages and disadvantages, and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Curcio
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- A Irie
- Department of Cancer Research, Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, California 94804-0099, USA
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