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Ikemori F, Uranishi K, Sato T, Fujihara M, Hasegawa H, Sugata S. Time-resolved characterization of organic compounds in PM 2.5 collected at Oki Island, Japan, affected by transboundary pollution of biomass and non-biomass burning from Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:142183. [PMID: 33182173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the transboundary pollution of organic aerosols from Northeast Asia, a highly time-resolved measurement of organic compounds was performed in March 2019 at Oki Island located in Japan, which is a remote site and less affected by local anthropogenic sources. PM2.5, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations, and WSOC fraction in PM2.5 showed high values on March 22-23 (high-WSOC period (HWSOC)) when the air mass passed through the area where many fire spots were detected in Northeast China. Biomass burning tracers showed higher concentration, especially levoglucosan exceeded 1 μg/m3 during the HWSOC than the low-WSOC period (LWSOC). Notably, high time-resolved measurements of biomass burning tracers and back trajectory analysis during HWSOC revealed a difference in the variation of lignin pyrolyzed compounds and anhydrous sugars on 22 and 23 March. The air mass passed to different areas in Northeast China in which fire spots were detected, such as the eastern area on the 22nd and the western area on the 23rd. Almost-organic compounds also showed high concentration and strong correlations with levoglucosan and sulfate during HWSOC. Moreover, low-carbon dicarboxylic acids (e.g., adipic acid) and secondary products from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (e.g., 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic, phthalic, 5-nitrosalicylic acids), also showed a strong correlation with sulfate ions during the HWSOC and LWSOC, respectively. These higher concentrations and strong correlations with levoglucosan and sulfate during the HWSOC propose that their generation could be enhanced by biomass burning. The ratios of organics (e.g., levoglucosan/mannnosan, pinic/3-methylbutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acids) suggest that the high concentrations of PM2.5 and WSOC observed during the HWSOC were caused by aged organic aerosols that originated from the combustion of herbaceous plants transported from Northeast China. Our findings indicate that biomass combustion in Northeast China could significantly affect the chemical compositions and the characterization of organic aerosols in downwind regions of Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Ikemori
- Nagoya City Institute for Environmental Sciences, 5-16-8, Toyoda, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457-0841, Japan; Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Katsushige Uranishi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 690-0122, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujihara
- Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 690-0122, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hasegawa
- Nagoya City Institute for Environmental Sciences, 5-16-8, Toyoda, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457-0841, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugata
- National Institute for Environmental studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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Kuwae M, Tsugeki NK, Agusa T, Toyoda K, Tani Y, Ueda S, Tanabe S, Urabe J. Sedimentary records of metal deposition in Japanese alpine lakes for the last 250 years: recent enrichment of airborne Sb and In in East Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013. [PMID: 23178779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 18 elements, including Sb, In, Sn, and Bi, were measured in sediment cores from two pristine alpine lakes on Mount Hachimantai, northern Japan, representing the past 250 years. Vertical variations in concentrations are better explained by atmospheric metal deposition than by diagenetic redistribution of Fe and Mn hydroxide and organic matter. Anthropogenic metal fluxes were estimated from (210)Pb-derived accumulation rates and metal concentrations in excess of the Al-normalized mean background concentration before 1850. Anthropogenic fluxes of Sb and In showed gradual increases starting around 1900 in both lakes, and marked increases after 1980. Comparison of Sb/Pb and Pb stable isotope ratios in sediments with those in aerosols of China or northern Japan and Japanese source materials (recent traffic- and incinerator-derived dust) suggest that the markedly elevated Sb flux after 1980 resulted primarily from enhanced long-range transport in aerosols containing Sb and Pb from coal combustion on the Asian continent. The fluxes of In, Sn, and Bi which are present in Chinese coal showed increasing trends similar to Sb for both study lakes. This suggests that the same source although incinerators in Japan may not be ruled out as sources of In. The sedimentary records for the last 250 years indicate that atmospheric pollution of Sb and In in East Asia have intensified during recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinobu Kuwae
- Senior Research Fellow Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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Kang J, Cho BC, Lee CB. Atmospheric transport of water-soluble ions (NO3(-), NH4(+) and nss-SO4(2-)) to the southern East Sea (Sea of Japan). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:2369-2377. [PMID: 20227748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of different types of aerosols over the southern East Sea has received little attention in terms of seawater biogeochemistry. We investigated the concentrations of water-soluble ions (NO3(-), NH4+ and nss-SO4(2-)) in the aerosols associated with air mass transport patterns arriving at the east coast of Korea, adjacent to the southern East Sea, in order to determine source regions affecting chemical composition of aerosols and to assess the atmospheric pathway as a significant controlling mechanism of the biogeochemistry in this marginal sea. Concentrations of certain elements (Al, Na, Ca, V, Zn and Pb) together with the water-soluble ions were measured in the aerosol samples (n=34) collected during the period March 2002-February 2003. The geometric mean concentrations of the water-soluble ions were NO3(-) 2.98 (0.56-16.22), NH4+ 1.42 (0.37-6.73) and nss-SO4(2-) 2.47 (0.17-17.35) microgm(-3). The backward trajectories revealed that air masses passing slowly over eastern China contributed more to increases in the concentrations of water-soluble ions than those associated with fast-moving northwesterly and maritime winds. Therefore, the correlation between the NH4+ and NO3+ concentrations increased, suggesting that gas-phase NH3 and HNO3 was forming fine-mode NH4NO3. The atmospheric N input accounted for approximately 10% of new production over the southern East Sea on an annual scale, while it accounted for over approximately 25% of new production during the water column stratification seasons (summer and early fall).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwon Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Kang J, Choi MS, Lee CB. Atmospheric metal and phosphorus concentrations, inputs, and their biogeochemical significances in the Japan/East Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:2270-2284. [PMID: 19135230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric metals and phosphorus over the southern Japan/East Sea were investigated in order to evaluate their sources, concentrations and inputs, and to identify their biogeochemical roles in this marginal sea. Aerosols were collected on the east coast of Korea from February 2002 to April 2003 (n=101) as well as at a remote island (Ulleung) and on a ship from February 2002 to June 2003 (n=13). The aerosols were analyzed for Al, Co, Cu, Ni, P, Pb and Zn. Simultaneous collections of aerosols at both coast and offshore were performed, and several high dust aerosols (Al>5 microg m(-3)) were collected at both regions. At the coastal site, both dust mineral and pollutants were transported by westerly winds from the Asian continent, but local emissions were significant (e.g., Cu, Ni, P and Zn) as well during the summer monsoon (May-August). The experimental relationships between the coast and offshore sites were defined. From these relationships, it was possible to obtain the annually averaged atmospheric metal and P concentrations over the southern Japan/East Sea, which has increased by over 2 times for the last decade. Through the estimation of atmospheric metal and phosphorus fluxes and comparisons with inputs from the Tsushima Warm Current, the atmospheric pathway was found to be a significant source for Al, Pb and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwon Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Nishita C, Osada K, Kido M, Matsunaga K, Iwasaka Y. Nucleation mode particles in upslope valley winds at Mount Norikura, Japan: Implications for the vertical extent of new particle formation events in the lower troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matsumoto K, Minami H, Hayano T, Uyama Y, Tanimoto H, Uematsu M. Regional climatology of particulate carbonaceous substances in the northern area of the east Asian Pacific rim. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kawamura H, Matsuoka N, Momoshima N, Koike M, Takashima Y. Isotopic evidence in tree rings for historical changes in atmospheric sulfur sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:5750-4. [PMID: 17007136 DOI: 10.1021/es060321w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is understood about the usefulness of sulfur isotopic ratios (sigma 34S) in tree rings because the sulfur content in rings is generally insufficient for analysis using conventional methods. We present sigma 34S values of the water-soluble and the organically bound sulfur fractions in rings of coniferous trees grown in Japan, analyzed using a large-volume oxygen bomb. Comparing the sigma 34S values of the organically bound fraction in tree rings with past atmospheric sulfur concentrations and with those of their sources, we find clear evidence that the sigma 34S values of the organically bound fraction in the rings are dependent upon the values of the atmospheric sulfur sources. The evidence suggests that the sigma 34S values in tree rings are a useful chronological proxy for evaluating possible causes of past atmospheric sulfur pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Condensed Matter, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-0053, Japan.
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Gatari M, Wagner A, Boman J. Elemental composition of tropospheric aerosols in Hanoi, Vietnam and Nairobi, Kenya. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2005; 341:241-249. [PMID: 15833255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution problems in major cities within the developing countries need to be studied. There are scanty measurements from the developing countries on airborne particles despite their adverse implications to human health, visibility and climate. One of the major sources of anthropogenic air pollution is energy production. Energy demand is bound to increase as population increases, especially in major cities of the world. Fine particles, particles with aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm, are mainly anthropogenic and these particles were collected in the capital cities of Vietnam and Kenya. A cyclone airborne particle collector was used to sample in Hanoi during the months of May to October 2000 and a dichotomous virtual impactor in Nairobi in February 2000. The samples were analysed for elemental content by an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer. S, Cl, K and Fe exceeded atmospheric concentrations of 100 ng m(-3) at both cities. Atmospheric elemental concentrations in both Hanoi and Nairobi were orders of magnitude higher than their respective rural towns. Traffic, biomass and waste burning emissions were implicated as the main sources of air pollution in Nairobi, while coal combustion and road transport were the major sources in Hanoi. Regional air pollution had a major impact over Hanoi, whereas an influence of that kind was not identified in Nairobi. Pb and other toxic elements had concentration levels below WHO guideline, however, the two cities are threatened by future high levels of air pollution due to the high rate of population growth. Long-term measurements are required in both areas to evaluate if the alarming situation is deteriorating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gatari
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Kaneyasu N, Takada H. Seasonal variations of sulfate, carbonaceous species (black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and trace elements in fine atmospheric aerosols collected at subtropical islands in the East China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kaneyasu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba Japan
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Smichowski P, Gómez DR, Dawidowski LE, Giné MF, Bellato ACS, Reich SL. Monitoring trace metals in urban aerosols from Buenos Aires city. Determination by plasma-based techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 6:286-94. [PMID: 15054536 DOI: 10.1039/b312446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study was undertaken, within the framework of a 3 years national project, to assess the content of 13 elements in airborne particulate matter collected in representative zones of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. The sampling strategy followed consisted in collecting simultaneously 67 samples of PM10 particulate matter in 9 sampling sites covering an area of about 30 km2 during one week. The collection was performed on ash-free fibre-glass filters using high volume samplers. A combination of aqua regia and perchloric acid was used for leaching metals from filters. Key elements, namely Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Zn and Zr, were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at micro g g(-1) and ng g(-1) levels. Analyte concentration varied from 130 ng g(-1)(Mo) to over 30%(Ca). Multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the data set including the measured elemental compositions for the monitored period. The atmospheric concentration found for Pb confirms the decreasing levels of this element since the introduction of unleaded gasoline in 1995: 88 ng m(-3)(2001) < 220 ng m(-3)(1997) < 3900 ng m(-3)(1994). The average S concentration above 3 microg m(-3) is somehow unexpectedly high for Buenos Aires since the relatively low S content of liquid fuels and the massive usage of natural gas imply low emissions of this element from combustion activities. To the best of our knowledge, S concentrations are reported for the first time for this city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Smichowski
- Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Unidad de Actividad Quimica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA-San Martin, Argentina
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Jacobson MZ. Control of fossil-fuel particulate black carbon and organic matter, possibly the most effective method of slowing global warming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cooke WF. A general circulation model study of the global carbonaceous aerosol distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Köhler I, Dameris M, Ackermann I, Hass H. Contribution of road traffic emissions to the atmospheric black carbon burden in the mid-1990s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Narita Y, Tanaka S, Santosa SJ. A study on the concentration, distribution, and behavior of metals in atmospheric particulate matter over the North Pacific Ocean by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry equipped with laser ablation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cooke WF, Liousse C, Cachier H, Feichter J. Construction of a 1° × 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mahowald N, Kohfeld K, Hansson M, Balkanski Y, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Schulz M, Rodhe H. Dust sources and deposition during the last glacial maximum and current climate: A comparison of model results with paleodata from ice cores and marine sediments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kajii Y, Akimoto H, Komazaki Y, Tanaka S, Mukai H, Murano K, Merrill JT. Long-range transport of ozone, carbon monoxide, and acidic trace gases at Oki Island, Japan, during PEM-WEST B/PEACAMPOT B campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Holmes J, Samberg T, McInnes L, Zieman J, Zoller W, Harris J. Long-term aerosol and trace acidic gas collection at Mauna Loa Observatory 1979-1991. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Husar RB, Prospero JM, Stowe LL. Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over the oceans with the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dentener FJ, Carmichael GR, Zhang Y, Lelieveld J, Crutzen PJ. Role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Liousse C, Penner JE, Chuang C, Walton JJ, Eddleman H, Cachier H. A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaffe DA, Honrath RE, Zhang L, Akimoto H, Shimizu A, Mukai H, Murano K, Hatakeyama S, Merrill J. Measurements of NO, NOy, CO and O3and estimation of the ozone production rate at Oki Island, Japan, during PEM-West. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mukai H, Tanaka A, Fujii T, Nakao M. Lead isotope ratios of airborne particulate matter as tracers of long-range transport of air pollutants around Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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