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Pagonis D, Selimovic V, Campuzano-Jost P, Guo H, Day DA, Schueneman MK, Nault BA, Coggon MM, DiGangi JP, Diskin GS, Fortner EC, Gargulinski EM, Gkatzelis GI, Hair JW, Herndon SC, Holmes CD, Katich JM, Nowak JB, Perring AE, Saide P, Shingler TJ, Soja AJ, Thapa LH, Warneke C, Wiggins EB, Wisthaler A, Yacovitch TI, Yokelson RJ, Jimenez JL. Impact of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol Volatility on Smoke Concentrations Downwind of Fires. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17011-17021. [PMID: 37874964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning particulate matter (BBPM) affects regional air quality and global climate, with impacts expected to continue to grow over the coming years. We show that studies of North American fires have a systematic altitude dependence in measured BBPM normalized excess mixing ratio (NEMR; ΔPM/ΔCO), with airborne and high-altitude studies showing a factor of 2 higher NEMR than ground-based measurements. We report direct airborne measurements of BBPM volatility that partially explain the difference in the BBPM NEMR observed across platforms. We find that when heated to 40-45 °C in an airborne thermal denuder, 19% of lofted smoke PM1 evaporates. Thermal denuder measurements are consistent with evaporation observed when a single smoke plume was sampled across a range of temperatures as the plume descended from 4 to 2 km altitude. We also demonstrate that chemical aging of smoke and differences in PM emission factors can not fully explain the platform-dependent differences. When the measured PM volatility is applied to output from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke regional model, we predict a lower PM NEMR at the surface compared to the lofted smoke measured by aircraft. These results emphasize the significant role that gas-particle partitioning plays in determining the air quality impacts of wildfire smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Pagonis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden 84408, Utah, United States
| | - Vanessa Selimovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula 59812, Montana, United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
| | - Hongyu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
| | - Douglas A Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
| | - Melinda K Schueneman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
| | - Benjamin A Nault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew M Coggon
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Joshua P DiGangi
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23666, Virginia, United States
| | - Glenn S Diskin
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23666, Virginia, United States
| | - Edward C Fortner
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica 01821, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Georgios I Gkatzelis
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Johnathan W Hair
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23666, Virginia, United States
| | - Scott C Herndon
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica 01821, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christopher D Holmes
- Florida State University Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Tallahassee 32304, Florida, United States
| | - Joseph M Katich
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - John B Nowak
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23666, Virginia, United States
| | - Anne E Perring
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton 13346, New York, United States
| | - Pablo Saide
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California, United States
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California, United States
| | - Taylor J Shingler
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23666, Virginia, United States
| | - Amber J Soja
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23666, Virginia, United States
| | - Laura H Thapa
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California, United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Tara I Yacovitch
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica 01821, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert J Yokelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula 59812, Montana, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
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Gustafson WI, Qian Y, Fast JD. Downscaling aerosols and the impact of neglected subgrid processes on direct aerosol radiative forcing for a representative global climate model grid spacing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thornberry T, Froyd KD, Murphy DM, Thomson DS, Anderson BE, Thornhill KL, Winstead EL. Persistence of organic carbon in heated aerosol residuals measured during Tropical Composition Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thornhill KL, Chen G, Dibb J, Jordan CE, Omar A, Winstead EL, Schuster G, Clarke A, McNaughton C, Scheuer E, Blake D, Sachse G, Huey LG, Singh HB, Anderson BE. The impact of local sources and long-range transport on aerosol properties over the northeast U.S. region during INTEX-NA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tomlinson JM, Li R, Collins DR. Physical and chemical properties of the aerosol within the southeastern Pacific marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shinozuka Y, Clarke AD, Howell SG, Kapustin VN, McNaughton CS, Zhou J, Anderson BE. Aircraft profiles of aerosol microphysics and optical properties over North America: Aerosol optical depth and its association with PM2.5 and water uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clarke A, McNaughton C, Kapustin V, Shinozuka Y, Howell S, Dibb J, Zhou J, Anderson B, Brekhovskikh V, Turner H, Pinkerton M. Biomass burning and pollution aerosol over North America: Organic components and their influence on spectral optical properties and humidification response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fehsenfeld FC, Ancellet G, Bates TS, Goldstein AH, Hardesty RM, Honrath R, Law KS, Lewis AC, Leaitch R, McKeen S, Meagher J, Parrish DD, Pszenny AAP, Russell PB, Schlager H, Seinfeld J, Talbot R, Zbinden R. International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe-Overview of the 2004 summer field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. M. Hardesty
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. Leaitch
- Science and Technology Branch; Environment Canada; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - S. McKeen
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Meagher
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. A. P. Pszenny
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - J. Seinfeld
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. Zbinden
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; UMR 5560, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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Howell SG, Clarke AD, Shinozuka Y, Kapustin V, McNaughton CS, Huebert BJ, Doherty SJ, Anderson TL. Influence of relative humidity upon pollution and dust during ACE-Asia: Size distributions and implications for optical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kapustin VN, Clarke AD, Shinozuka Y, Howell S, Brekhovskikh V, Nakajima T, Higurashi A. On the determination of a cloud condensation nuclei from satellite: Challenges and possibilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Clarke AD, Owens SR, Zhou J. An ultrafine sea-salt flux from breaking waves: Implications for cloud condensation nuclei in the remote marine atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Santarpia JL. Diurnal variations in the hygroscopic growth cycles of ambient aerosol populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Michaud JP, Grove JS, Krupitsky D. Emergency department visits and "vog"-related air quality in Hilo, Hawai'i. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2004; 95:11-19. [PMID: 15068926 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2003] [Revised: 05/17/2003] [Accepted: 06/05/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Emergency department (ED) visits in Hilo, Hawai'i, from January 1997 to May 2001, were examined for associations with volcanic fog, or "vog", measured as sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and submicrometer particulate matter (PM(1)). Exponential regression models were used with robust standard errors. Four diagnostic groups were examined: asthma/COPD; cardiac; flu, cold, and pneumonia; and gastroenteritis. Before adjustments, highly significant associations with vog-related air quality were seen for all diagnostic groups except gastroenteritis. After adjusting for month, year, and day of the week, only asthma/COPD had consistently positive associations with air quality. The strongest associations were for SO(2) with a 3-day lag (6.8% per 10 ppb; P=0.001) and PM(1), with a 1-day lag (13.8% per 10 microg/m(3); P=0.011). The association of ED visits for asthma/COPD with month of the year was stronger than associations seen with air quality. Although vog appears influential, non-vog factors dominated associations with the frequency of asthma/COPD ED visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Pierre Michaud
- Natural Sciences Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street W18, Hilo, HI 96728, USA.
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15
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McNaughton CS. Spatial distribution and size evolution of particles in Asian outflow: Significance of primary and secondary aerosols during ACE-Asia and TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Clarke AD. Size distributions and mixtures of dust and black carbon aerosol in Asian outflow: Physiochemistry and optical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Moore KG. A comparison of similar aerosol measurements made on the NASA P3-B, DC-8, and NSF C-130 aircraft during TRACE-P and ACE-Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Buzorius G. Secondary aerosol formation in continental outflow conditions during ACE-Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Shinozuka Y. Sea-salt vertical profiles over the Southern and tropical Pacific oceans: Microphysics, optical properties, spatial variability, and variations with wind speed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Ma Y, Weber RJ, Lee YN, Orsini DA, Maxwell-Meier K, Thornton DC, Bandy AR, Clarke AD, Blake DR, Sachse GW, Fuelberg HE, Kiley CM, Woo JH, Streets DG, Carmichael GR. Characteristics and influence of biosmoke on the fine-particle ionic composition measured in Asian outflow during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ma
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - R. J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Y.-N. Lee
- Environmental Sciences Department; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | - D. A. Orsini
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - K. Maxwell-Meier
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - D. C. Thornton
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - A. R. Bandy
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - A. D. Clarke
- Department of Oceanography; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - G. W. Sachse
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - H. E. Fuelberg
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - C. M. Kiley
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - J.-H. Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
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Moore KG. Long-range transport of continental plumes over the Pacific Basin: Aerosol physiochemistry and optical properties during PEM-Tropics A and B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clarke AD. INDOEX aerosol: A comparison and summary of chemical, microphysical, and optical properties observed from land, ship, and aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clarke AD, Collins WG, Rasch PJ, Kapustin VN, Moore K, Howell S, Fuelberg HE. Dust and pollution transport on global scales: Aerosol measurements and model predictions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clarke AD, Eisele F, Kapustin VN, Moore K, Tanner D, Mauldin L, Litchy M, Lienert B, Carroll MA, Albercook G. Nucleation in the equatorial free troposphere: Favorable environments during PEM-Tropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Weber RJ, Clarke AD, Litchy M, Li J, Kok G, Schillawski RD, McMurry PH. Spurious aerosol measurements when sampling from aircraft in the vicinity of clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cutten DR, Spinhirne JD, Menzies RT, Bowdle DA, Srivastava V, Pueschel RF, Clarke AD, Rothermel J. Intercomparison of pulsed lidar data with flight level CW lidar data and modeled backscatter from measured aerosol microphysics near Japan and Hawaii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kreidenweis SM, McInnes LM, Brechtel FJ. Observations of aerosol volatility and elemental composition at Macquarie Island during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Clarke AD, Varner JL, Eisele F, Mauldin RL, Tanner D, Litchy M. Particle production in the remote marine atmosphere: Cloud outflow and subsidence during ACE 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clarke AD, Uehara T, Porter JN. Atmospheric nuclei and related aerosol fields over the Atlantic: Clean subsiding air and continental pollution during ASTEX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Spinhirne JD, Chudamani S, Cavanaugh JF, Bufton JL. Aerosol and cloud backscatter at 1.06, 1.54, and 0.53 mum by airborne hard-target-calibrated Nd:YAG /methane Raman lidar. APPLIED OPTICS 1997; 36:3475-3490. [PMID: 18253366 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A lidar instrument was developed to make simultaneous measurements at three distinct wavelengths in the visible and near infrared at 0.532, 1.064, and 1.54 mum with high cross-sectional calibration accuracy. Aerosol and cloud backscatter cross sections were acquired during November and December 1989 and May and June 1990 by the NASA DC-8 aircraft as part of the Global Backscatter Experiment. The instrument, methodology, and measurement results are described. A Nd:YAG laser produced 1.064- and 0.532-mum energy. The 1.54-mum transmitted pulse was generated by Raman-shifted downconversion of the 1.064-mum pulse through a Raman cell pressured with methane gas. The lidar could be pointed in the nadir or zenith direction from the aircraft. A hard-target-based calibration procedure was used to obtain the ratio of the system calibration between the three wavelengths, and the absolute calibration was referenced to the 0.532-mum lidar molecular backscatter cross section for the clearest scattering regions. From the relative wavelength calibration, the aerosol backscatter cross sections at the longer wavelengths are resolved for values as small as 1% of the molecular cross section. Backscatter measurement accuracies are better than 10(-9) (m sr)(-1) at 1.064 and 1.54 mum. Results from the Pacific Ocean region of the multiwavelength backscatter dependence are presented. Results show extensive structure and variation for the aerosol cross sections. The range of observed aerosol cross section is over 4 orders of magnitude, from less than 10(-9) (m sr)(-1) to greater than 10(-5) (m sr)(-1).
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Porter JN, Clarke AD. Aerosol size distribution models based on in situ measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chudamani S, Spinhirne JD, Clarke AD. Lidar aerosol backscatter cross sections in the 2-νm near-infrared wavelength region. APPLIED OPTICS 1996; 35:4812-4819. [PMID: 21102906 DOI: 10.1364/ao.35.004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lidar backscatter cross-sectional measurements at 1.064, 0.532, and 1.54 μm were acquired during November 1989 and May-June 1990 around the Pacific region by the NASA DC-8 aircraft as part of the Global Backscatter Experiment. The primary motivation for the Global Backscatter Experiment was the study of lidar backscatter cross sections for the development of a spaceborne wind-sensing lidar. Direct backscatter measurements obtained by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center visible and infrared lidar are compared with backscatter cross sections calculated from aerosol size distributions obtained by particle counters. Results for one flight with pronounced aerosol layers in the upper troposphere southeast of Japan are presented. Because 2-μm region wavelengths are possible candidates for a spaceborne wind-sensing lidar, the visible and infrared lidar backscatter cross sections at 1.064, 0.532, and 1.54 μm are extrapolated to the 2-μm region. The extrapolated 2-μm cross sections are compared with lidar measurements at 9 μm. A significant range in the ratio of 2-9-μm backscatter cross sections is found, but a large number of points concentrate near ratios of three to ten. A large number of 1.064- and 1.54-μm cross sections were binned to provide an estimate of backscatter for various percentiles for the flight. The ratio of the 50-percentile backscatter values at 1.064 and 1.54 μm suggest a λ(-1.9) to λ(-3.0) wavelength dependence of aerosol backscatter cross section in the near infrared for the observational case.
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Cutten DR, Pueschel RF, Bowdle DA, Srivastava V, Clarke AD, Rothermel J, Spinhirne JD, Menzies RT. Multiwavelength comparison of modeled and measured remote tropospheric aerosol backscatter over Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Clarke AD, Porter JN, Valero FPJ, Pilewskie P. Vertical profiles, aerosol microphysics, and optical closure during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment: Measured and modeled column optical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clarke AD, Uehara T, Porter JN. Lagrangian evolution of an aerosol column during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clarke AD, Porter JN. Pacific marine aerosol: 2. Equatorial gradients in chlorophyll, ammonium, and excess sulfate during SAGA 3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Clarke AD. Atmospheric nuclei in the Pacific midtroposphere: Their nature, concentration, and evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Hudson JG, Clarke AD. Aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei measurements in the Kuwait plume. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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