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Sharma V, Gupta M, Kumar P, Sharma A. A Comprehensive Review on Fused Heterocyclic as DNA Intercalators: Promising Anticancer Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:15-42. [PMID: 33213325 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201118113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of DNA intercalating agents (by Lerman, 1961), a growing number of organic, inorganic, and metallic compounds have been developed to treat life-threatening microbial infections and cancers. Fused-heterocycles are amongst the most important group of compounds that have the ability to interact with DNA. DNA intercalators possess a planar aromatic ring structure that inserts itself between the base pairs of nucleic acids. Once inserted, the aromatic structure makes van der Waals interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the base pairs. The DNA intercalator may also contain an ionizable group that can form ionic interactions with the negatively charged phosphate backbone. After the intercalation, other cellular processes could take place, leading ultimately to cell death. The heterocyclic nucleus present in the DNA intercalators can be considered as a pharmacophore that plays an instrumental role in dictating the affinity and selectivity exhibited by these compounds. In this work, we have carried out a revision of small organic molecules that bind to the DNA molecule via intercalation and cleaving and exert their antitumor activity. A general overview of the most recent results in this area, paying particular attention to compounds that are currently under clinical trials, is provided. Advancement in spectroscopic techniques studying DNA interaction can be examined in-depth, yielding important information on structure-activity relationships. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the introduction to fused heterocyclic agents with DNA interacting features, from medicinal point of view. The structure-activity relationships points, cytotoxicity data, and binding data and future perspectives of medicinal compounds have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- IIMT College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201308, India
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Sciences Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Atul Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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2
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Akhtar MJ, Yar MS, Sharma VK, Khan AA, Ali Z, Haider MDR, Pathak A. Recent Progress of Benzimidazole Hybrids for Anticancer Potential. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:5970-6014. [PMID: 31393240 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190808122929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the detailed account of factors leading to cancer and design strategy for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents. The recent survey for cancer treatment in Cancer facts and figures 2017 American Chemical Society has shown progressive development in fighting cancer. Researchers all over the world in both developed and developing countries are in a continuous effort to tackle this serious concern. Benzimidazole and its derivatives showed a broad range of biological activities due to their resemblance with naturally occurring nitrogenous base i.e. purine. The review discussed benzimidazole derivatives showing anticancer properties through a different mechanism viz. intercalation, alkylating agents, topoisomerases, DHFR enzymes, and tubulin inhibitors. Benzimidazole derivatives act through a different mechanism and the substituents reported from the earlier and recent research articles are prerequisites for the synthesis of targeted based benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents. The review focuses on an easy comparison of the substituent essential for potency and selectivity through SAR presented in figures. This will further provide a better outlook or fulfills the challenges faced in the development of novel benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, NH58, Partapur Bypass Meerut-250103, India
| | - Ahsan Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Zulphikar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - M D Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Ankita Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hamdard University,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
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Wang Z, Jiang L, Ji J, Zhou F, Lan J, You J. Construction of Cationic Azahelicenes: Regioselective Three‐Component Annulation Using In Situ Activation Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Fulin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
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4
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Wang Z, Jiang L, Ji J, Zhou F, Lan J, You J. Construction of Cationic Azahelicenes: Regioselective Three‐Component Annulation Using In Situ Activation Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23532-23536. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Fulin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
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Naskar S, Das M. Singlet and Triplet Excited State Energy Ordering in Cyclopenta-Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (CP-PAHs) Suitable for Energy Harvesting: An Exact Model and TDDFT Study. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1795-1803. [PMID: 31457543 PMCID: PMC6641107 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We calculated the ground and low-lying excited states of cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAHs) using exact diagonalization in full configuration interaction (CI) within the model Pariser-Parr-Pople Hamiltonian as well as a time-dependent density functional theory technique. The CP-PAHs include acenapthylene, isomers of pyracylene, cycloocta-pentalene, and three isomers of dicyclo-pentacyclo-octenes (DCPCO). We used the inherent symmetries of these systems to calculate the energy ordering of the lowest singlet (S1) and lowest triplet excited (T1) states with respect to the ground state (S0). The calculation shows that the lowest dipole allowed singlet absorption varies from 0.43 to 1.42 eV for most of these systems. Such an optical absorption range is very promising in harvesting solar radiation ranging from the visible to near-infrared region improving the efficiency of photovoltaic device application. The calculated optical gaps for pyracylene, acenapthylene, and two isomers of DCPCO are in very good agreement with experimental results reported in the literature. The calculated S1-T1 energy gaps (ΔST) in cycloocta-pentalene and in the DCPCO isomers are very small ranging from 0.01 to 0.2 eV, which is highly desirable in improving their electroluminescence efficiency in light-emitting device applications.
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Kaserer T, Rigo R, Schuster P, Alcaro S, Sissi C, Schuster D. Optimized Virtual Screening Workflow for the Identification of Novel G-Quadruplex Ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:484-500. [PMID: 26841201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes, alternative DNA secondary structures present in telomeres, emerge as promising targets for the treatment of cancer, because they prevent telomere elongation and accordingly cell proliferation. Within this study, theoretically validated pharmacophore- and shape-based models as well as a theoretically validated docking protocol were generated and applied in parallel for virtual screening and the identification of novel G-quadruplex ligands. Top-ranked hits retrieved with all methods independently and in addition in a consensus approach were selected for biological testing. Of the 32 tested virtual hits seven selectively stabilized G-quadruplexes over duplex DNA in the fluorescence melting assay. For the five most active compounds, chemically closely related analogues were collected and subjected to in vitro analysis. Thereby, seven further novel G-quadruplex ligands could be identified. These molecules do not only represent novel scaffolds, but some of them are in addition even more potent G-quadruplex stabilizers than the established reference compound berberine. This study proposes an optimized in silico workflow for the identification of novel G-quadruplex stabilizers, which can also be applied in future studies. In addition, structurally novel and promising lead candidates with strong and selective G-quadruplex stabilizing properties are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kaserer
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Riccardo Rigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova , via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Philipp Schuster
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro , Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova , via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Choi Y, Chatterjee T, Kim J, Kim JS, Cho EJ. Synthesis of cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons utilizing aryl-substituted anilines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6804-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were synthesized from readily available 2-aryl-substituted anilines under extremely mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojin Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Dongjak-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Dongjak-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Dongjak-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Dongjak-gu
- Republic of Korea
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8
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Keshipour S, Shaabani A, Shojaei S, Nosrati H, Ng SW. A novel one-pot isocyanide-based three-component reaction: synthesis of highly functionalized imidazo-chromen-4-ones. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Rodríguez-Sanz A, Sánchez-Alonso P, Bellón T, Alajarín R, Martínez-Cabeza V, Selgas R, Vaquero JJ, Álvarez-Builla J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyridazino[1',6':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indolinium and pyridazino[1,6-a]benzimidazolium salts as anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:83-92. [PMID: 25659754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Condensed polycyclic heteroaromatic cations bearing a bridgehead nitrogen with pyridazino[1',6':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indolinium and pyridazino[1,6-a]benzimidazolium structures were assayed as inhibitors of LPS-induced TNF-α production by THP-1 cells. The hit compound 1e, which had the best IC50 value (4.49 μM) and low toxicity, was further assayed on human PMBCs (IC50 3.91 μM) and monocytes (IC50 1.82 μM). This compound also inhibited TNF-α production following poly I:C stimulation of human monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells; in the latter case, inhibition of IL-12 production was also observed. Compound 1e was also able to inhibit TNF-α expression at the transcriptional level and proved to be effective in vivo. Compound 1e is an interesting potential therapeutic agent in IMIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Bellón
- Instituto de Salud Hospital Universitario La Paz - IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramón Alajarín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Rafael Selgas
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Servicio de Nefrología, IdiPAZ, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez-Builla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Begunov RS, Ryzvanovich GA. Synthesis of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles and other fused imidazole derivatives with a bridgehead nitrogen atom. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n01abeh004295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Rachinskaya OA, Popov KV, Ryzvanovich GA, Bol’sheva NL, Begunov RS, Yurkevich OY, Zelenin AV, Muravenko OV. Increasing the resolution of chromosome analysis using pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Condie GC, Bergman J. Synthesis of some fused β-carbolines including the first example of the pyrrolo[3,2-c]-β-carboline system. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Valenciano J, Sánchez-Pavón E, Cuadro AM, Alvarez-Builla J, Vaquero JJ. New Fused Triazinium Systems from (Alkoxycarbonyl)aziniumN-Aminides. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Tu S, Zhang J, Jia R, Jiang B, Zhang Y, Yao C, Jiang H. Synthesis ofN-(3-Arylmethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)benzamides. CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2007.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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García-Cuadrado D, Cuadro AM, Barchín BM, Nuñez A, Cañeque T, Alvarez-Builla J, Vaquero JJ. Palladium-Mediated Functionalization of Heteroaromatic Cations: Comparative Study on Quinolizinium Cations. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7989-95. [PMID: 17025285 DOI: 10.1021/jo060634+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction on heteroaromatic cations is described. A comparative study of the Stille and Suzuki reactions shows that only the Stille reaction is able to produce an efficient C-C bond formation between any of the four isomeric bromoquinolizinium bromides and a variety of stannanes. In the presence of the catalysts Pd(PPh3)4 or Pd2(dba)3P(o-Tol)3, vinyl, ethynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups are successfully incorporated into the quinolizinium system in satisfactory yields under mild reaction conditions. This procedure represents a marked improvement on the functionalization of this class of heteroaromatic cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo García-Cuadrado
- Departamento de Química Organica, Universidad de Alcala, 28871-Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Panda K, Venkatesh C, Ila H, Junjappa H. Efficient Routes to Acenaphthylene-Fused Polycyclic Arenes/Heteroarenes and Heterocyclic Fluoranthene Analogues. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Delgado F, Linares ML, Alajarín R, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J. Westphal reaction in solid-phase. Org Lett 2004; 5:4057-60. [PMID: 14572248 DOI: 10.1021/ol035417z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A library of cycloimonium salts has been prepared through Westphal reaction in solid-phase. By reaction of solid-support-bound azolium or azinium acetates 2, 1,2-diketones 4, and base, cycloimonium salts 5 were synthesized in good to high yield and purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Delgado
- Departamento. de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Martínez V, Burgos C, Alvarez-Builla J, Fernández G, Domingo A, García-Nieto R, Gago F, Manzanares I, Cuevas C, Vaquero JJ. Benzo[f]azino[2,1-a]phthalazinium Cations: Novel DNA Intercalating Chromophores with Antiproliferative Activity. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1136-48. [PMID: 14971893 DOI: 10.1021/jm0310434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New azaquinolizinium-type cations have been obtained from isochromane. The synthesis was completed over seven steps and included as the key feature an intramolecular Westphal condensation. This first example of the intramolecular process allowed the preparation of benzo[f]pyrido[2,1-a]phthalazinium and benzo[f]quino[2,1-a]phthalazinium salts, which were evaluated as DNA intercalators, DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors, and antiproliferative compounds. Both cationic systems behave as DNA intercalators and exhibit antiproliferative activity. The pentacyclic benzo[f]quino[2,1-a]phthalazinium cations also have an inhibitory effect on the catalytic activity of DNA topoisomerase I, without trapping of cleavage complexes. Structural characterization using density functional theory indicates that the fused ring systems are slightly nonplanar, and additional molecular modeling studies suggest a preferred orientation for the intercalating chromophores within a typical CpG or TpG intercalation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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19
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NMR spectroscopic studies of some fused thiazoloazinium ring system containing bridgehead-nitrogen atom. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Panda K, Suresh JR, Ila H, Junjappa H. Heteroaromatic annulation of 2-methyl/2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole dianions with alpha-oxoketene dithioacetals: a highly regioselective synthetic protocol for 1,2- and 2,3-substituted/annulated pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3498-506. [PMID: 12713352 DOI: 10.1021/jo026786w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient and regioselective annulation protocol for a series of linearly 2,3- and angularly 1,2-substituted and annulated pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles involving [3 + 3] cyclocondensation of the dianions generated from 2-methyl (2A) and 2-cyanomethyl (3A) benzimidazoles with a variety of alpha-oxoketene dithioacetals has been reported. Thus the dianion 2A derived from 2-methylbenzimidazole has been shown to undergo regioselective 1,2-addition with various alpha-oxoketene dithioacetals derived from acyclic (4a-d) and cyclic ketones (13a,b, 20, 29 and 32) to afford various carbinol acetals which on intramolecular cyclocondensation in the presence of phosphoric acid furnish the corresponding 1-methylthio-2,3-substituted (5a-c) and 2,3-fused linear polycyclic (14a,b,21, 30, and 33) pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles in high yields. Similarly the dianion 3A from 2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole undergoes one-pot conjugate addition-elimination and cyclocondensation with these alpha-oxoketene dithioacetals to give 4-cyano-3-(methylthio)-1(or 1,2-)-substituted (6a-d) and the corresponding angularly 1,2-fused (16a,b, 23, 31, and 34) polycylic analogues of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausik Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 016, India
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21
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Fontana A, Benito EJ, Martín MJ, Sánchez N, Alajarín R, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J, Lambel-Giraudet S, Leonce S, Pierré A, Caignard D. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of pyridazino[1',6':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indol-5-inium derivatives as anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2611-4. [PMID: 12182872 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several new pyridazino[1',6':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indol-5-inium derivatives were synthesised from beta-carboline derivatives and their cytotoxic activity and effect on the cell cycle were evaluated against L1210 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fontana
- Departamento de Qui;mica Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Chezal JM, Moreau E, Delmas G, Gueiffier A, Blache Y, Grassy G, Lartigue C, Chavignon O, Teulade JC. Heterocyclization of functionalized vinylic derivatives of imidazo. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6576-84. [PMID: 11578207 DOI: 10.1021/jo015582x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclization of functionalized vinylic derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was explored experimentally and theoretically using semiempirical AM1 and ab initio methods. A range of functionalized vinylic derivatives (azido, amino, and carbodiimide groups) were prepared for conversion into pyrroloazaindoles 19-22, imidazo[1,x]-, (x = 5, 6, 7, 8), [2,6]-, and [2,7]naphthyridines 28-30, 35-38 by thermal reaction. In the case of vinylic groups in the 5 position, peri annulation also was observed. The experimental and theoretical data are compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chezal
- UMR INSERM 484, Université d'Auvergne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 28 Pl. H. Dunant, B.P. 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand CEDEX 1, France
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23
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Csányi D, Hajós G, Riedl Z, Timári G, Bajor Z, Cochard F, Sapi J, Laronze JY. Synthesis of two new heteroaromatic beta-carboline-fused pentacycles. Observation of a new intercalating agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1767-9. [PMID: 10937744 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Five-step synthetic routes of two new polyfused heterocycles: indazolo[3,2-a]-beta-carboline (3) and benzo[4',5'][1,2,3]triazino[6,1-a]-beta-carbolinium salt (10) applying Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction have been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Csányi
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
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24
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Siró J, Ramos A, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J, Garcı́a-Navı́o JL. Optimized Synthesis of Di, Tri and Tetrafused Pyridazinium Cations. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Molina A, Vaquero JJ, Garcia-Navio JL, Alvarez-Builla J, de Pascual-Teresa B, Gago F, Rodrigo MM. Novel DNA Intercalators Based on the Pyridazino[1‘,6‘:1,2]pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-inium System. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo982216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Molina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Farmacología, and Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Farmacología, and Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Garcia-Navio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Farmacología, and Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez-Builla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Farmacología, and Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Farmacología, and Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Gago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Farmacología, and Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María M. Rodrigo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Farmacología, and Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Siro JG, Pastor J, García-Navío J, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J. Unexpected NC bond fission of fused N-alkylbenzimidazolium salts. A new approach to pyrido[1,2-a]- or pyridazino[1,6-a]benzimidazoles. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Pastor J, Siro JG, García-Navío JL, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J, Gago F, de Pascual-Teresa B, Pastor M, Rodrigo MM. Azino-Fused Benzimidazolium Salts as DNA Intercalating Agents. 2. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo962055i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, and Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge G. Siro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, and Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. García-Navío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, and Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, and Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez-Builla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, and Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Gago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, and Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, and Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, and Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Melia Rodrigo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química-Física, and Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Molina A, Vaquero JJ, García-Navio J, Alvarez-Builla J, Rodrigo MM, Castaño O, de Andres J. Azonia derivatives of the γ-carboline system. A new class of DNA intercalators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(96)00243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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