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Nadendla K, Simpson GG, Becher J, Journeaux T, Cabeza-Cabrerizo M, Bernardes GJL. Strategies for Conditional Regulation of Proteins. JACS AU 2023; 3:344-357. [PMID: 36873677 PMCID: PMC9975842 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Design of the next-generation of therapeutics, biosensors, and molecular tools for basic research requires that we bring protein activity under control. Each protein has unique properties, and therefore, it is critical to tailor the current techniques to develop new regulatory methods and regulate new proteins of interest (POIs). This perspective gives an overview of the widely used stimuli and synthetic and natural methods for conditional regulation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nadendla
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Grant G. Simpson
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Julie Becher
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Toby Journeaux
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Mar Cabeza-Cabrerizo
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Hajizadeh M, Moosavi-Movahedi Z, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. An outlook on suicide enzyme inhibition and drug design. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 19. [PMCID: PMC8501922 DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
There have been recent renewed interests in the importance of suicide enzyme inhibition. The principal objective of this review is to investigate all types of suicide inhibitions for natural enzymes, artificial biocatalysts as well as therapeutic potential of enzyme suicide inhibition. It is discussed the suicide inhibition beneficial in drug design and treatments and non-beneficial achievements for some industrial enzymes such as HRP peroxidase enzyme. The design of biomimetic artificial enzymes explained to prevent inhibition by protecting the active site via environmental conditions. Suicide enzyme inhibition development can be the key mechanism against sever diseases such as SARS. In this report, suicide enzyme inactivation classes are classified based on target enzyme groups via their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hajizadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
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3
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Yoshida T, Yamasaki S, Kaneko O, Taoka N, Tomimoto Y, Namatame I, Yahata T, Kuromitsu S, Cantley LC, Lyssiotis CA. A covalent small molecule inhibitor of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 1 impairs pancreatic cancer growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:633-638. [PMID: 31787239 PMCID: PMC6981064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic programs are rewired in cancer cells to support survival and tumor growth. Among these, recent studies have demonstrated that glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) plays key roles in maintaining redox homeostasis and proliferation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA). This suggests that small molecule inhibitors of GOT1 could have utility for the treatment of PDA. However, the development of GOT1 inhibitors has been challenging, and no compound has yet demonstrated selectivity for GOT1-dependent cell metabolism or selective growth inhibition of PDA cell lines. In contrast, potent inhibitors that covalently bind to the transaminase cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), within the active site of the enzyme, have been reported for kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT). Given the drug discovery successes with these transaminases, we aimed to identify PLP-dependent suicide substrate-type GOT1 inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that PF-04859989, a known KAT2 inhibitor, has PLP-dependent inhibitory activity against GOT1 and shows selective growth inhibition of PDA cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yoshida
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamasaki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Naofumi Taoka
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomimoto
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Ichiji Namatame
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiko Yahata
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Sadao Kuromitsu
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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4
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Tsou CL. Kinetics of substrate reaction during irreversible modification of enzyme activity. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 61:381-436. [PMID: 3281419 DOI: 10.1002/9780470123072.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C L Tsou
- Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
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6
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Gómez D, Lucas-Elío P, Sanchez-Amat A, Solano F. A novel type of lysine oxidase: L-lysine-epsilon-oxidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1764:1577-85. [PMID: 17030025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The melanogenic marine bacterium M. mediterranea synthesizes marinocine, a protein with antibacterial activity. We cloned the gene coding for this protein and named it lodA [P. Lucas-Elío, P. Hernández, A. Sanchez-Amat, F. Solano, Purification and partial characterization of marinocine, a new broad-spectrum antibacterial protein produced by Marinomonas mediterranea. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1721 (2005) 193-203; P. Lucas-Elío, D. Gómez, F. Solano, A. Sanchez-Amat, The antimicrobial activity of marinocine, synthesized by M. mediterranea, is due to the hydrogen peroxide generated by its lysine oxidase activity. J. Bacteriol. 188 (2006) 2493-2501]. Now, we show that this protein is a new type of lysine oxidase which catalyzes the oxidative deamination of free L-lysine into 6-semialdehyde 2-aminoadipic acid, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. This new enzyme is compared to other enzymes related to lysine transformation. Two different groups have been used for comparison. Enzymes in the first group lead to 2-aminoadipic acid as a final product. The second one would be enzymes catalyzing the oxidative deamination of lysine releasing H2O2, namely lysine-alpha-oxidase (LalphaO) and lysyl oxidase (Lox). Kinetic properties, substrate specificity and inhibition pattern show clear differences with all above mentioned lysine-related enzymes. Thus, we propose to rename this enzyme lysine-epsilon-oxidase (lod for the gene) instead of marinocine. Lod shows high stereospecificity for free L-lysine, it is inhibited by substrate analogues, such as cadaverine and 6-aminocaproic acid, and also by beta-aminopropionitrile, suggesting the existence of a tyrosine-derived quinone cofactor at its active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gómez
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
By harnessing the remarkable power of the immune system to access the three-dimensional chemical information sequestered in target sites for drug ligands, antibody-directed drug discovery speeds the design of new therapeutic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Wolff
- ImmunoPharmaceutics, Inc., San Diego, California 92127
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Rideout D, Calogeropoulou T, Jaworski J, McCarthy M. Synergism through direct covalent bonding between agents: a strategy for rational design of chemotherapeutic combinations. Biopolymers 1990; 29:247-62. [PMID: 2328289 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360290129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling chemotherapeutic agents are mixtures of relatively nontoxic precursors that can combine chemically under physiological conditions to form products with greater cytotoxic and/or antimicrobial activity than either of the precursors. Combinations that form products more rapidly in or near the target (tumor, pathogen, virally infected cell) than in normal tissues will exhibit target-selective synergism, thus exhibiting an antitarget selectivity that is greater than the selectivities of the product (e.g., a hydrazone) and of either precursor (e.g., a hydrazine derivative or ketone) used singly. This paper describes the target-selective cytotoxic synergism of a cationic aldehyde (A) and a cationic acylhydrazine (B) containing a triarylalkylphosphonium moiety against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (ELA) in culture, in addition to reviewing previous work on self-assembling cytotoxins. The synergism between A and B is carcinoma selective when the ELA cells (the target) are compared to CV-1, an untransformed African green monkey kidney epithelial line. Like tetraphenylphosphonium and rhodamine 123, which are selectively concentrated in ELA cells relative to CV-1, A, B and the hydrazone C resulting from their reaction are lipophilic delocalized cations that selectively inhibit ELA growth relative to CV-1 growth. The hydrazone C is more growth inhibitory than either A or B for both cell lines. A combination of A with an unreactive analogue of B and a combination of B with an unreactive analogue of A did not synergistically inhibit ELA proliferation. The degree of synergism is greater against the ELA cells than against the CV-1 cells. These data, together with hydrazone formation kinetics, suggest that A and B are both concentrated together selectively inside the ELA due to the transmembrane potentials, reacting inside the ELA cells at a higher velocity than inside the CV-1 cells to form the more growth-inhibitory hydrazone C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rideout
- Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037
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Demuth HU. Recent developments in inhibiting cysteine and serine proteases. JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 1990; 3:249-78. [PMID: 2181080 DOI: 10.3109/14756369009030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some 20 years ago, affinity labelling was introduced to help gather information on active-site catalytic groups and the mechanisms of proteolytic enzymes. Now this knowledge is used to produce specific and selective inhibitors for these enzymes. The concept of "biospecific drug design" has stimulated progress in turning the inhibitors into therapeutically applicable agents. For instance, sales of antihypertensive drugs based on inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme are expected to be over 2 billion US-$ in 1992. This partly illustrates the efforts made by many researchers to introduce strategies in potease inhibition for medicinal purposes. This review discusses some of the concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Demuth
- Department of Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, German Democratic Republic
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Robins RK, Revankar GR, O'Brien DE, Springer RH, Albert TNA, Senga K, Miller JP, Streeter DG. Purine analog inhibitors of xanthine oxidase - structure activity relationships and proposed binding of the molybdenum cofactor. J Heterocycl Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570220303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Winkelman JW, Clark DP. Proton suicide: general method for direct selection of sugar transport- and fermentation-defective mutants. J Bacteriol 1984; 160:687-90. [PMID: 6094484 PMCID: PMC214790 DOI: 10.1128/jb.160.2.687-690.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We devised a positive selection procedure for bacterial mutants incapable of producing acid from sugars by fermentation. The method relied on the production of elemental bromine from a mixture of bromide and bromate under acidic conditions. When wild-type Escherichia coli cells were plated on media containing a fermentable sugar and an equimolar mixture of bromide and bromate, most of the cells were killed but a variety of mutants unable to produce acid from the sugar survived. Among these mutants were those defective in (i) sugar uptake, (ii) the glycolytic pathway, and (iii) the excretion. There were also novel mutants with some presumed regulatory defects affecting fermentation.
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