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Stasi MA, Scioli MG, Arcuri G, Mattera GG, Lombardo K, Marcellini M, Riccioni T, De Falco S, Pisano C, Spagnoli LG, Borsini F, Orlandi A. Propionyl-
l
-Carnitine Improves Postischemic Blood Flow Recovery and Arteriogenetic Revascularization and Reduces Endothelial NADPH-Oxidase 4–Mediated Superoxide Production. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:426-35. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.201533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
The beneficial effect of the natural compound propionyl-
l
-carnitine (PLC) on intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral arterial disease is attributed to its anaplerotic function in ischemic tissues, but inadequate information is available concerning action on the vasculature.
Methods and Results—
We investigated the effects of PLC in rabbit hind limb collateral vessels after femoral artery excision, mouse dorsal air pouch, chicken chorioallantoic membrane, and vascular cells by angiographic, Doppler flow, and histomorphometrical and biomolecular analyses. PLC injection accelerated hind limb blood flow recovery after 4 days (
P
<0.05) and increased angiographic quadriceps collateral vascularization after 7 days (
P
<0.001) Histomorphometry confirmed the increased vascular area (
P
<0.05), with unchanged intramuscular capillary density. PLC-induced dilatative adaptation, and growth was found associated with increased inducible nitric oxide synthase and reduced arterial vascular endothelial growth factor and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. PLC also increased vascularization in air pouch and chorioallantoic membrane (
P
<0.05), particularly in large vessels. PLC increased endothelial and human umbilical vascular endothelial cell proliferation and rapidly reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-oxidase 4–mediated reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells; NADPH-oxidase 4 also regulated NF-κB–independent intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression.
Conclusion—
Our results provided strong evidence that PLC improves postischemic flow recovery and revascularization and reduces endothelial NADPH-oxidase–related superoxide production. We recommend that PLC should be included among therapeutic interventions that target endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Stasi
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano Arcuri
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovan Giuseppe Mattera
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Katia Lombardo
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcella Marcellini
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Teresa Riccioni
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sandro De Falco
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Pisano
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Giusto Spagnoli
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Borsini
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- From General Pharmacology and Oncology Department (M.A.S., G.G.M., K.L., M.M., T.R., C.P., F.B.) Sigma-Tau, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Anatomic Pathology (M.G.S., L.G.S., A.O.), Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences (G.A.), Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (S.D.F.), CNR, Napoli, Italy
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