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Hanc K, Janeková H, Štacko P. Concurrent Subcellular Delivery of Hydrogen Sulfide and a Payload with Near-Infrared Light. JACS AU 2024; 4:2687-2694. [PMID: 39055161 PMCID: PMC11267537 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule, exerting crucial regulatory functions in organelles and cellular environments. H2S exhibits high therapeutic potential and synergistic effects with other drugs, and its potency is notably enhanced through organelle-specific targeting. Yet, the navigation of light-activated H2S donors to specific organelles remains absent. Here, we report the first organelle-specific photocage that simultaneously delivers H2S and a payload with subcellular precision to mitochondria of live human cells using tissue-penetrating near-infrared light as a trigger. The fluorogenic payload enables real-time monitoring of the process, and we demonstrate the concurrent uncaging in mitochondria through a combination of fluorescence microscopy and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes. We anticipate that these photocages will permit the precise delivery of H2S-drug combinations with exceptional spatiotemporal control, thereby driving the harnessing of known synergistic effects and the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hanc
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hana Janeková
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Štacko
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Farahmand S, Ayazi-Nasrabadi R, Ali Zolfigol M. Amino-Cobalt(II)phthalocyanine supported on silica chloride as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous photocatalyst for oxidation of alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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3
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Cai Y, Luo Y, Chu GW, Wu W, Yu X, Sun BC, Chen JF. NOx removal in a rotating packed bed: Oxidation and enhanced absorption process optimization. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Aktas Kamiloglu A, Saka ET, Acar I, Tekintas K. Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of Co(II) and Cu(II) phthalocyanines linked with thiophene–Schiff base substituents for 4-nitrophenol oxidation. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1657101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ece Tugba Saka
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Irfan Acar
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Kader Tekintas
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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5
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Krajczewski J, Rucińska K, Townley HE, Kudelski A. Role of various nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy and detection methods of singlet oxygen. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:162-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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6
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Hu F, Xu S, Liu B. Photosensitizers with Aggregation-Induced Emission: Materials and Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801350. [PMID: 30066341 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is arising as a noninvasive treatment modality for cancer and other diseases. One of the key factors to determine the therapeutic function is the efficiency of photosensitizers (PSs). Opposed to traditional PSs, which show quenched fluorescence and reduced singlet oxygen production in the aggregate state, PSs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) exhibit enhanced fluorescence and strong photosensitization ability in nanoparticles. Here, the design principles of AIE PSs and their biomedical applications are discussed in detail, starting with a summary of traditional PSs, followed by a comparison between traditional and AIE PSs to highlight the various design strategies and unique features of the latter. Subsequently, the applications of AIE PSs in photodynamic cancer cell ablation, bacteria killing, and image-guided therapy are discussed using charged AIE PSs, AIE PS molecular probes, and AIE PS nanoparticles as examples. These studies have demonstrated the great potential of AIE PSs as effective theranostic agents to treat tumor or bacterial infection. This review hopefully will spur more research interest in AIE PSs for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shidang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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7
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Štacko P, Muchová L, Vítek L, Klán P. Visible to NIR Light Photoactivation of Hydrogen Sulfide for Biological Targeting. Org Lett 2018; 20:4907-4911. [PMID: 30062897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and photochemical properties of H2S-releasing BODIPY thiocarbamate photocage scaffolds activatable by visible-to-NIR (up to 700 nm) light to release carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is transformed to H2S using either isolated or natural carbonic anhydrase, is reported. The excellent uncaging cross section and high H2S release yields in in vitro experiments, including live-cell imaging, suggest that these photocages can serve as a platform for the bio-orthogonal phototriggered release within the tissue-transparent window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Štacko
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Na Bojišti 3 , 121 08 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Na Bojišti 3 , 121 08 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 , Brno , Czech Republic
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8
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Güzel E, Çetin Ş, Günsel A, Bilgiçli AT, Şişman İ, Yarasir MN. Comparative studies of photophysical and electrochemical properties of sulfur-containing substituted metal-free and metallophthalocyanines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Treatment of Sulfidic Wastewater Using Iron Salts. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-016-2315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Lin L, Ou H, Zhang Y, Wang X. Tri-s-triazine-Based Crystalline Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalysis. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- State Key
Laboratory of Photocatalysis
on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghui Ou
- State Key
Laboratory of Photocatalysis
on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfan Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Photocatalysis
on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Photocatalysis
on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
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11
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12
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SPILLER WOLFGANG, KLIESCH HOLGER, WÖHRLE DIETER, HACKBARTH STEFFEN, RÖDER BEATE, SCHNURPFEIL G. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields of Different Photosensitizers in Polar Solvents and Micellar Solutions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199803/04)2:2%3c145::aid-jpp60%3e3.0.co%3b2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The singlet oxygen luminescence method and the photochemical methods using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran ( DPBF ) or bilirubin ditaurate ( BDT ) as chemical quenchers were employed to determine the single oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) of different phthalocyanines and tris(2,2″-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride in dimethylformamide ( DMF ) or aqueous micellar solution of 0.1 M CTAC (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride). Additionally, a perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivative was examined in DMF . In a series of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines ( PTS ) the following order was found: ZnPTS > GaPTS > AlPTS ≈ H 2 PTS > CoPTS . In general, the singlet oxygen quantum yields are higher in DMF than in 0.1 M CTAC/H 2 O . The results obtained with the photochemical systems are comparable with those obtained by the photophysical method. The photochemical DPBF method results in absolute values of ΦΔ. However, in micellar solution, chain reactions occur when DPBF is used as chemical quencher in the photo-oxidative process. This problem can be overcome by adding sodium thiosulphate which is able to destroy the endoperoxide initially formed. BDT can be used as quencher in different solvents to determine ΦΔ relative to a photosensitizer with known singlet oxygen quantum yield in the respective solvent. In comparison to the chemical methods the luminescence method exhibits the advantage that side reactions of the quencher are excluded. But normally the ΦΔ values obtained are relative to a reference, since absolute determinations need much larger efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- WOLFGANG SPILLER
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - HOLGER KLIESCH
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - DIETER WÖHRLE
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - STEFFEN HACKBARTH
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - BEATE RÖDER
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - GüNTER SCHNURPFEIL
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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13
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SPILLER WOLFGANG, KLIESCH HOLGER, WÖHRLE DIETER, HACKBARTH STEFFEN, RÖDER BEATE, SCHNURPFEIL G. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields of Different Photosensitizers in Polar Solvents and Micellar Solutions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199803/04)2:2<145::aid-jpp60>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The singlet oxygen luminescence method and the photochemical methods using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran ( DPBF ) or bilirubin ditaurate ( BDT ) as chemical quenchers were employed to determine the single oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) of different phthalocyanines and tris(2,2″-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride in dimethylformamide ( DMF ) or aqueous micellar solution of 0.1 M CTAC (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride). Additionally, a perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivative was examined in DMF . In a series of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines ( PTS ) the following order was found: ZnPTS > GaPTS > AlPTS ≈ H 2 PTS > CoPTS . In general, the singlet oxygen quantum yields are higher in DMF than in 0.1 M CTAC/H 2 O . The results obtained with the photochemical systems are comparable with those obtained by the photophysical method. The photochemical DPBF method results in absolute values of ΦΔ. However, in micellar solution, chain reactions occur when DPBF is used as chemical quencher in the photo-oxidative process. This problem can be overcome by adding sodium thiosulphate which is able to destroy the endoperoxide initially formed. BDT can be used as quencher in different solvents to determine ΦΔ relative to a photosensitizer with known singlet oxygen quantum yield in the respective solvent. In comparison to the chemical methods the luminescence method exhibits the advantage that side reactions of the quencher are excluded. But normally the ΦΔ values obtained are relative to a reference, since absolute determinations need much larger efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- WOLFGANG SPILLER
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - HOLGER KLIESCH
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - DIETER WÖHRLE
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - STEFFEN HACKBARTH
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - BEATE RÖDER
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - GüNTER SCHNURPFEIL
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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14
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BORISENKOVA SA, GIRENKO EG, GHERASSIMOV BG, MAZYARKINA LM, EROFEEVA VP, DERKACHEVA VM, KALIYA OL, LUKYANETS EA. Catalytic Properties of Cobalt Phthalocyanines Chemically Bonded to Polymer Anchored onto Silochrome Surface. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199903)3:3<210::aid-jpp124>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic systems consisting of cobalt phthalocyanine grafted to maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer chemically linked with γ-aminopropylated silochrome have been prepared. In the process of sulfide oxidation with air oxygen the specific catalytic activity of these systems depends strongly on the phthalocyanine concentration in the catalyst. At low phthalocyanine concentrations (below 0.4 × 10−6 mol g−1) the catalytic activity is more than an order of magnitude larger than that of homogeneous catalysts and cobalt phthalocyanine adsorbed on a silochrome surface. The different ways of preparing the catalysts are reflected in the kinetic characteristics of the oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. G. GIRENKO
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, V-234 Moscow, Russia
| | - B. G. GHERASSIMOV
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, 1/4 B. Sadovaya Street, 103787 Moscow, Russia
| | - L. M. MAZYARKINA
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, 1/4 B. Sadovaya Street, 103787 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. P. EROFEEVA
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, 1/4 B. Sadovaya Street, 103787 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. M. DERKACHEVA
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, 1/4 B. Sadovaya Street, 103787 Moscow, Russia
| | - O. L. KALIYA
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, 1/4 B. Sadovaya Street, 103787 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. A. LUKYANETS
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, 1/4 B. Sadovaya Street, 103787 Moscow, Russia
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15
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WÖHRLE D, SUVOROVA ON, TROMBACH N, SCHUPAK EA, GERDES R, SEMENOV NM, BARTELS O, ZAKURAZHNOV AA, SCHNURPFEIL G, HILD O, WENDT A. Synthesis of polymeric and low molecular weight phthalocyanines from nitriles and metal carbonyls on SiO2 and TiO2 and catalytic activities in the sulfide oxidation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jpp.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A new method for coatings of polymeric phthalocyanines and for comparison also of low molecular weight phthalocyanine metal complexes ( W , Cr , Mo , Co ) on quartz and titanium dioxide was developed by the reaction of metal carbonyls adsorbed on the carriers with tetracarbonitriles or phthalonitrile. By UV-vis or IR spectra the formation of structural uniform polymeric phthalocyanines on the carriers is established. The compounds are used then to compare their catalytic and photocatalytic activities in the oxidation of sulfide as test reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. WÖHRLE
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - O. N. SUVOROVA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Nizhnii Novgorod, GSP - 445, Russia
| | - N. TROMBACH
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - E. A. SCHUPAK
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Nizhnii Novgorod, GSP - 445, Russia
| | - R. GERDES
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - N. M. SEMENOV
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Nizhnii Novgorod, GSP - 445, Russia
| | - O. BARTELS
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - A. A. ZAKURAZHNOV
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Nizhnii Novgorod, GSP - 445, Russia
| | - G. SCHNURPFEIL
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - O. HILD
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - A. WENDT
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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16
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NAZEERUDDIN MDK, HUMPHRY-BAKER R, GRÄTZEL M, WÖHRLE D, SCHNURPFEIL G, SCHNEIDER G, HIRTH A, TROMBACH N. Efficient Near-IR Sensitization of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films by Zinc and Aluminum Phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199903)3:3<230::aid-jpp127>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several zinc(II) and aluminum(III) phthalocyanines substituted by carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid groups were anchored to nanocrystalline TiO 2 films. By irradiation with visible light the photovoltaic behavior of the electrodes containing LiI / LiI 3/propylene carbonate electrolyte was measured. Most efficient results were found using zinc(II) 2,9,16,23-tetracarboxyphthalocyanine, with a current conversion efficiency at 700 nm approaching 45%. It is shown that electron injection into TiO 2 occurs from the excited singlet state of the phthalocyanine derivatives. High stability of the cell performance under continuous irradiation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- MD. K. NAZEERUDDIN
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. HUMPHRY-BAKER
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. GRÄTZEL
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. WÖHRLE
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, Department of Biology/Chemistry, PO Box 330 440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - G. SCHNURPFEIL
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, Department of Biology/Chemistry, PO Box 330 440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - G. SCHNEIDER
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, Department of Biology/Chemistry, PO Box 330 440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - A. HIRTH
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, Department of Biology/Chemistry, PO Box 330 440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - N. TROMBACH
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, Department of Biology/Chemistry, PO Box 330 440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
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17
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SCHNURPFEIL G, SOBBI ABDOLKHEZER, SPILLER WOLFGANG, KLIESCH HOLGER, WÖHRLE DIETER. Photo-oxidative Stability and its Correlation with Semi-empirical MO Calculations of Various Tetraazaporphyrin Derivatives in Solution. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199704)1:2<159::aid-jpp19>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The photo-oxidative stability of various annelated and substituted tetraazaporphyrin derivatives were investigated in N , N -dimethylformamide by irradiation in the presence of air. First-order rate constants were calculated. In addition, the positions of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the compounds were calculated using a commercially available program. A linear correlation between the experimental values of the rate constants and the theoretical values of the HOMO position exists. The method described allows one to predict the photo-oxidative stability by calculating their HOMO levels, which is very important for the use of macrocyclic metal complexes in photo-oxidation reactions in solution. From the calculated triplet energies it is considered that the macrocyclic metal complexes can convert by photoinduced energy transfer triplet oxygen to singlet oxygen. Experimentally, tetraazaporphyrin derivatives show high quantum yields of singlet oxygen formation under irradiation. No correlations of the quantum yields with the position of the HOMOs or with the rate constants of decomposition was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- GüNTER SCHNURPFEIL
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - ABDOL KHEZER SOBBI
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - WOLFGANG SPILLER
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - HOLGER KLIESCH
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - DIETER WÖHRLE
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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18
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Lebedeva NS, Pavlycheva NA, Petrova OV, Parfenyuk EV. Effect of molecular complex formation of metallophthalocyanines with pyridine on their aggregation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The results for aggregation equilibrium of metallophthalocyanines in buffer and buffer-pyridine solutions were obtained and generalized. The influence of specific interactions of the metallophthalocyanines with pyridine on their aggregation state in solution was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sh. Lebedeva
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academicheskaya street, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A. Pavlycheva
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academicheskaya street, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V. Petrova
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academicheskaya street, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Parfenyuk
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academicheskaya street, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
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19
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Wöhrle D, Baziakina N, Suvorova O, Makarov S, Kutureva V, Schupak E, Schnurpfeil G. Phthalocyanine coatings on silica and zinc oxide: Synthesis and their activities in the oxidation of sulfide. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of phthalonitrile, tetrafluorophthalonitrile and 4,5-dibutoxyphthalonitrile with unmodified surfaces of ZnO and SiO 2 and with the modified systems SiO 2/ Cp 2 Co , ZnO / Cp 2 Co , SiO 2/ Zn ( AcAc )2 prepared by deposition of cobaltocene ( Cp 2 Co ) and zinc acetylacetonate Zn ( AcAc )2, was studied ("in-situ-synthesis") in processes of phthalocyanine coatings. The formation of structural uniform phthalocyanines on carriers were established by UV-vis and mass spectra. The compounds were used then to compare their catalytic and photocatalytic activities in the oxidation of sulfide as a test reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Wöhrle
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Natascha Baziakina
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Nizhnii Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
| | - Olga Suvorova
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Nizhnii Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
| | - Sergey Makarov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Nizhnii Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
| | - Valentina Kutureva
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Nizhnii Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
| | - Elena Schupak
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Nizhnii Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia
| | - Günter Schnurpfeil
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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20
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Wöhrle D, Suvorova O, Gerdes R, Bartels O, Lapok L, Baziakina N, Makarov S, Slodek A. Efficient oxidations and photooxidations with molecular oxygen using metal phthalocyanines as catalysts and photocatalysts. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal phthalocyanines can be very efficient as catalysts and photocatalysts in oxidation reactions using molecular oxygen as oxidant. Different types of soluble low molecular weight or oligomeric and insoluble heterogeneous catalysts and photocatalysts were developed. The heterogeneous metal phthalocyanines exist either impregnated on SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, charcoal and TiO 2 or covalently and coordinatively bound on SiO 2 and organic polymers or ionically bound on an organic ion exchanger. The catalytic oxidations of toxic sulfide and thiol derivative are studied. In addition, toxic phenols were employed as substrates for the photooxidation. Heterogeneous catalysts can exhibit higher activities then low molecular weight phthalocyanines. These systems exhibit a good stability for re-use. Photooxidations are more efficient than oxidations. A Si(IV) phthalocyanine derivative on a polymer ion exchanger is most active and stable. Also some examples for photooxidations in the direction of photochemical synthesis are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Wöhrle
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Olga Suvorova
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Robert Gerdes
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bartels
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lukasz Lapok
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Natalia Baziakina
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Serguei Makarov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aneta Slodek
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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21
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Marin ML, Santos-Juanes L, Arques A, Amat AM, Miranda MA. Organic photocatalysts for the oxidation of pollutants and model compounds. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1710-50. [PMID: 22040166 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Marin
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química-Departamento de Química (UPV-CSIC), Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, E-46022, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Comparison of two photosensitizers Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid and meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin in the photooxidation of n-butylparaben. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Granados-Oliveros G, Páez-Mozo EA, Martínez Ortega F, Piccinato M, Silva FN, Guedes CLB, Di Mauro E, Costa MFD, Ota AT. Visible light production of superoxide anion with MCarboxyphenylporphyrins (M=H, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) free and anchored on TiO2: EPR characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Ahmad N, Maitra S, Dutta BK, Ahmad F. Remediation of sulfidic wastewater by catalytic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. J Environ Sci (China) 2009; 21:1735-1740. [PMID: 20131606 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of sulfide in aqueous solution by hydrogen peroxide was investigated in the presence of hydrated ferric oxide catalyst. The ferric oxide catalyst was synthesized by sol gel technique from ferric chloride and ammonia. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction analysis, scanning electrom microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The catalyst was quite effective in oxidizing the sulfide by hydrogen peroxide. The effects of sulfide concentration, catalyst loading, H2O2 dosing and temperature on the kinetics of sulfide oxidation were investigated. Kinetic equations and activation energies for the catalytic oxidation reaction were calculated based on the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
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25
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Kluson P, Drobek M, Kalaji A, Zarubova S, Krysa J, Rakusan J. Singlet oxygen photogeneration efficiencies of a series of phthalocyanines in well-defined spectral regions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Sulphonated phthalocyanines as effective oxidation photocatalysts for visible and UV light regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Wauchope OR, Shakya S, Sawwan N, Liebman JF, Greer A. Photocleavage of plasmid DNA by dibenzothiopheneS-oxide under anaerobic conditions. J Sulphur Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/17415990601084457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Shinohara H, Tsaryova O, Schnurpfeil G, Wöhrle D. Differently substituted phthalocyanines: Comparison of calculated energy levels, singlet oxygen quantum yields, photo-oxidative stabilities, photocatalytic and catalytic activities. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Kitamura N, Yamada K, Ueno K, Iwata S. Photodecomposition of phenol by silica-supported porphyrin derivative in polymer microchannel chips. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Sultanov Y, Wöhrle D, Efendiev A. Metal–polymer complex catalysts on the base of polyethyleneimine for oxidation of sulfides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Belfield KD, Bondar MV, Przhonska OV. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield Determination for a Fluorene-Based Two-Photon Photosensitizer. J Fluoresc 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00021939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Belfield KD, Bondar MV, Przhonska OV. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield Determination for a Fluorene-Based Two-Photon Photosensitizer. J Fluoresc 2005; 16:111-7. [PMID: 16604431 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-005-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The quantum yield, Phi(Delta), of singlet oxygen generation under two-photon excitation has been determined for a fluorene derivative. A photochemical method was developed using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), a chemical quencher of 1O2, and 2-(9,9-didecyl-7-nitrofluoren-2-yl)benzothiazole (1) as a two-photon photosensitizer (PS). The photochemical kinetics of the quencher was measured by two different fluorescence methods. Fluorene 1 exhibited relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield, Phi(Delta) approximately 0.4 +/- 0.1, and had a two-photon absorption cross-section of 28 +/- 5 GM. Thus, 1 may have potential for use as a two-photon PS in the near-IR spectral region for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Belfield
- Department of Chemistry and College of Optics and Photonics, CREOL and FPCE, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, USA.
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33
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Supported photosensitizers for the visible light activation of phenols towards oxygen. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Aggregation properties of water-soluble metal p hthalocyanines: effect of ionic strength of solution. Russ Chem Bull 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-005-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Silva E, Pereira MM, Burrows HD, Azenha ME, Sarakha M, Bolte M. Photooxidation of 4-chlorophenol sensitised by iron meso-tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3-sulfophenyl)porphyrin in aqueous solution. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2004; 3:200-4. [PMID: 14872237 DOI: 10.1039/b308975d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photosensitised degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) by iron meso-tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3-sulfophenyl)porphyrin (FeTDCPPS) has been studied in aerated aqueous solution, and is shown to lead to formation of p-benzoquinone (BQ) and p-hydroquinone (HQ) as main photoproducts. In deaerated solution no p-benzoquinone was formed. The photolysis products were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The photodegradation in aerated solution was also carried out in the presence of sodium azide (NaN(3)) as a singlet oxygen [(1)O(2)((1)[capital Delta](g))] quencher, and showed a significant decrease in the rate of photolysis, suggesting under these conditions, that Type II sensitisation is one of the dominant mechanisms of 4-CP degradation. Support for this comes from laser flash photolysis and time-resolved singlet oxygen phosphorescence measurements. However, these also show direct reaction between the excited porphyrin and 4-CP, indicating that there are two mechanisms involved in the chlorophenol photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Silva
- Rua Larga, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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36
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Lebedeva NS, Pavlycheva NA, Petrova OV, Vyugin AI, Kinchin AN, Parfenyuk EV, Mayzhlish VE, Shaposhnikov GP. Determination of the dimerization constants of water soluble metallophthalocyanines by calorimetric titration using electron-donating ligands. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2003. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2003v013n05abeh001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Aluminum phthalocyanine complex covalently bonded to MCM-41 silica as heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(02)00181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Photooxidation of sodium sulfide and sodium thiosulfate under irradiation with visible light catalyzed by water soluble polynuclear phthalocyanine complexes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Iliev V, Mihaylova A, Bilyarska L. Photooxidation of phenols in aqueous solution, catalyzed by mononuclear and polynuclear metal phthalocyanine complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Gerdes R, Bartels O, Schneider G, Wöhrle D, Schulz-Ekloff G. Photooxidations of phenol, cyclopentadiene and citronellol with photosensitizers ionically bound at a polymeric ion exchanger. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Chen SM, Chiu SW. The catalytic and photocatalytic autoxidation of Sx2− to SO42− by water-soluble cobalt porphyrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(00)00471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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42
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Oxidation and photooxidation of sulfide and thiosulfate ions catalyzed by transition metal chalcogenides and phthalocyanine complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(99)00263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Suzuki M, Bartels O, Gerdes R, Schneider G, Wöhrle D, Schulz-Ekloff G, Kimura M, Hanabusa K, Shirai H. Excellent Stability of Ruthenium(II) Complex Photosensitizers during Photo-Oxidation of 1,3-Cyclopentadiene. CHEM LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Chen SM. The photocatalytic autoxidation of sulfur oxoanions by water-soluble porphyrin complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(98)00148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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45
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Effect of metal phthalocyanine complex aggregation on the catalytic and photocatalytic oxidation of sulfur containing compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(98)00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Gerdes R, Wöhrle D, Spiller W, Schneider G, Schnurpfeil G, Schulz-Ekloff G. Photo-oxidation of phenol and monochlorophenols in oxygen-saturated aqueous solutions by different photosensitizers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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