1
|
Wetzker C, Reinhardt K. Distinct metabolic profiles in Drosophila sperm and somatic tissues revealed by two-photon NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence lifetime imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19534. [PMID: 31862926 PMCID: PMC6925207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiles vary across all levels of biological diversity, from cells to taxa. Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) facilitates metabolic characterisation of biological specimens by assaying the intrinsic autofluorescence of the ubiquitous coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD. The potential of this method for characterising the diversity of organismal metabolism remains largely untapped. Using FLIM in Drosophila melanogaster, we show tissue-specificity in fluorescence lifetime that reflects variation in redox patterns. In particular, sperm cells exhibited elevated glycolysis relative to other tissues. We also show that sperm metabolism is phenotypically plastic: compared to male-stored sperm, sperm stored in the female's storage organ showed a substantial reduction in the protein-bound FAD lifetime fraction but no change in the NAD(P)H profile. This study represents the first ex vivo investigation of sperm metabolism using FLIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Wetzker
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty Biology, Applied Zoology, D-01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty Biology, Applied Zoology, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Kabir MP, Gozem S. Electrostatic Spectral Tuning Maps for Biological Chromophores. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:4813-4824. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Pabel Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Häder DP, Iseki M. Photomovement in Euglena. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 979:207-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54910-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
4
|
Horwitz BA, Gloria M, Berrocal T. A Spectroscopic View of Some Recent Advances in the Study of Blue Light Photoreception*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1997.tb00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Hohl N, Galland P, Senger H, Eslava AP. Altered Pterin Patterns in Photoreceptor Mutants ofPhycomyces blakesleeanuswith DefectivemadlGene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1992.tb00326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
6
|
Kataria S, Jajoo A, Guruprasad KN. Impact of increasing Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on photosynthetic processes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 137:55-66. [PMID: 24725638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased UV-B radiation on the earth's surface due to depletion of stratospheric ozone layer is one of the changes of current climate-change pattern. The deleterious effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and photosynthetic productivity of plants are reviewed. Perusal of relevant literature reveals that UV-B radiation inflicts damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of green plants at multiple sites. The sites of damage include oxygen evolving complex, D1/D2 reaction center proteins and other components on the donor and acceptor sides of PS II. The radiation inactivates light harvesting complex II and alters gene expression for synthesis of PS II reaction center proteins. Mn cluster of water oxidation complex is the most important primary target of UV-B stress whereas D1 and D2 proteins, quinone molecules and cytochrome b are the subsequent targets of UV-B. In addition, photosynthetic carbon reduction is also sensitive to UV-B radiation which has a direct effect on the activity and content of Rubisco. Some indirect effects of UV-B radiation include changes in photosynthetic pigments, stomatal conductance and leaf and canopy morphology. The failure of protective mechanisms makes PS II further vulnerable to the UV-B radiation. Reactive oxygen species are involved in UV-B induced responses in plants, both as signaling and damaging agents. Exclusion of ambient UV components under field conditions results in the enhancement of the rate of photosynthesis, PS II efficiency and subsequently increases the biomass accumulation and crop yield. It is concluded that predicted future increase in UV-B irradiation will have significant impact on the photosynthetic efficiency and the productivity of higher plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Kataria
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, India.
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, India
| | - Kadur N Guruprasad
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zherdeva VV, Savitsky AP. Using lanthanide-based resonance energy transfer for in vitro and in vivo studies of biological processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1553-74. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912130111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
8
|
Barsanti L, Evangelista V, Passarelli V, Frassanito AM, Gualtieri P. Fundamental questions and concepts about photoreception and the case of Euglena gracilis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 4:22-36. [PMID: 22081035 DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to sense light can be considered the most fundamental and presumably the most ancient property of visual systems. This ability is the basis of phototaxis, one of the most striking behavioral responses of motile photosynthetic microorganisms (i.e. microalgae) to light stimuli, which allows them to move toward or away directional light. In order to fully exploit the information content of light (intensity, direction, distribution) microorganisms need proper perceiving devices, termed photoreceptors, which must act as sensors, to perceive wavelength and direction of light, as transducers, to convert the light signal into chemical and/or electrical information, but also as amplifiers and eventually as transmitters. This review describes the universal structural, behavioral and physiological features necessary for the proper functioning of these devices in algae, and how these features have been investigated by means of different analytical techniques such as for example microspectroscopy, digital fluorescence microscopy, two photons FLIM. The insight of the photoreceptive response mechanism is explained using the unicellular alga Euglena gracilis, in which the different structural, behavioral and physiological features combine to achieve a concerted, efficient response to light stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barsanti
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
UV-B radiation is a key environmental signal that initiates diverse responses in plants that affect metabolism, development, and viability. Many effects of UV-B involve the differential regulation of gene expression. The response to UV-B depends on the nature of the UV-B treatment, the extent of adaptation and acclimation to UV-B, and interaction with other environmental factors. Responses to UV-B are mediated by both nonspecific signaling pathways, involving DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and wound/defense signaling molecules, and UV-B-specific pathways that mediate photomorphogenic responses to low levels of UV-B. Importantly, photomorphogenic signaling stimulates the expression of genes involved in UV-protection and hence promotes plant survival in UV-B. Photomorphogenic UV-B signaling is mediated by the UV-B-specific component UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8). Both UVR8 and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (COP1) are required for UV-B-induced expression of the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) transcription factor, which plays a central role in the regulation of genes involved in photomorphogenic UV-B responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth I. Jenkins
- Plant Science Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Häder DP, Lebert M. The Photoreceptor for Phototaxis in the Photosynthetic Flagellate Euglena gracilis. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb09679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
11
|
GALLAND PAUL, KEINER PETRA, DÖRNEMANN DIETER, SENGER HORST, BRODHUN BONITA, HÄDER DONATP. PTERIN- AND FLAVIN-LIKE FLUORESCENCE ASSOCIATED WITH ISOLATED FLAGELLA OF Euglena gracilis. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 51:675-680. [DOI: 10.1111/php.1990.51.6.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/1989] [Accepted: 12/21/1989] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Liscum E, Stowe-Evans EL. Phototropism: A “Simple” Physiological Response Modulated by Multiple Interacting Photosensory-response Pathways ¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720273pasprm2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Zandomeneghi M, Carbonaro L, Calucci L, Pinzino C, Galleschi L, Ghiringhelli S. Direct fluorometric determination of fluorescent substances in powders: the case of riboflavin in cereal flours. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:2888-2895. [PMID: 12720367 DOI: 10.1021/jf0260287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Front-face emission spectra of powders can be recorded with a commercial spectrofluorometer. By combining the emissions of a scatterer powder and of a wheat flour sample, the scattering contribution to the front-face emission spectra of flour is removed, and the fluorescence of the flour is isolated. The fluorescence depends on the concentration of the fluorophores. By choosing convenient measurement parameters and by measuring the emission spectra of flour samples suitably enriched with riboflavin, the fluorescence of riboflavin could be isolated from that of other substances present in flours and the concentration of vitamin B(2) in native substrates could be determined. This method is particularly apt for the measurement of vitamin B(2) in low riboflavin-containing powders such as wheat flours, which are usually analyzed through complex chemical and microbiological methods. The method is essentially phenomenological, in view of the interpretation difficulties connected to the origin of the fluorescence resulting from the absorption of multiply scattered photons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Zandomeneghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Hockberger
- Department of Physiology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Wenzler D, Reinhardt M, Fukshansky L. Topology of an intracellular transduction chain (phototropism of Phycomyces): 1. Joint review of functional, temporal, and spatial aspects. J Theor Biol 2001; 211:313-32. [PMID: 11476617 DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two light-induced growth reactions in a unicellular cylindrical sporangiophore of Phycomyces blakesleeanus-vertical growth acceleration under symmetrical irradiation (photomecism) and directional growth under unilateral irradiation (phototropism)-share common input light perception as well as common output growth mechanism but have strongly divergent dynamics and other distinctive features. This divergence culminates in the phototropic paradoxes the main of which states that photomecism shows total adaptation, while phototropism does not adapt. The basis for this contradiction is that the phototropic transduction chain, unlike that of photomecism, faces a spatially non-uniform stimulus and processes a series of spatial patterns (light and absorption profiles, adaptation profile, etc.). The only way to resolve the paradoxes and correlate features of both responses within a single transduction chain is to assume non-local signal transduction, e.g. a cross-talk between different azimuthal locations within the cylindrical cell. On the other hand, to establish the presence of an appropriate cross-talk is equivalent of gaining insight into the topology of the transduction chain. This series of two papers contains a review reconsidering the entire field from this viewpoint (Paper 1) and a mathematical model of pattern transduction which unifies features of phototropism and resolves the paradoxes (Paper 2). At the same time, this is the first "proof of concept" for the "activity/pooling (a/p) networks"-a specific mathematical apparatus designed to analyse systemic properties and control in metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Wenzler
- Biological Institute II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Billinton N, Knight AW. Seeing the wood through the trees: a review of techniques for distinguishing green fluorescent protein from endogenous autofluorescence. Anal Biochem 2001; 291:175-97. [PMID: 11401292 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Billinton
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chapter 11 Phototaxis of Euglena gracilis—flavins and pterins. COMPREHENSIVE SERIES IN PHOTOSCIENCES 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1568-461x(01)80015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Latouche G, Cerovic ZG, Montagnini F, Moya I. Light-induced changes of NADPH fluorescence in isolated chloroplasts: a spectral and fluorescence lifetime study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1460:311-29. [PMID: 11106772 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Isolated chloroplasts show a light-induced reversible increase in blue-green fluorescence (BGF), which is only dependent on NADPH changes. In the present communication, we report a time-resolved and spectral analysis of this BGF in reconstituted chloroplasts and intact isolated chloroplasts, in the dark and under actinic illumination. From these measurements we deduced the contribution of the different forms of NADPH (free and bound to proteins) to the light-induced variation of BGF and conclude that this variation is due only to the redox change of the NADP pool. A simple model estimating the distribution of NADPH between the free and bound form was designed, that explains the differences measured for the BGF of reconstituted chloroplasts and intact chloroplasts. From the decay-associated spectra of the chloroplast BGF, we also deduced the participation of flavins to the green peak of chloroplast fluorescence emission spectrum, and the existence of excitation energy transfer from proteins to bound NADPH in chloroplasts. In addition, we re-examined the use of chloroplast BGF as a quantitative measure of NADPH concentration, and confirmed that chloroplast BGF can be used for non-destructive, continuous and probably quantitative monitoring of light-induced changes in NADP redox state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Latouche
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnétique, Université de Paris XI, 91898, Orsay, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schneckenburger H, Gschwend MH, Sailer R, Strauss WS, Lyttek M, Stock K, Zipfl P. Time-resolved in situ measurement of mitochondrial malfunction by energy transfer spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2000; 5:362-366. [PMID: 11092422 DOI: 10.1117/1.1289358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/1999] [Revised: 04/11/2000] [Accepted: 06/26/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To establish optical in situ detection of mitochondrial malfunction, nonradiative energy transfer from the coenzyme NADH to the mitochondrial marker rhodamine 123 (R123) was examined. Dual excitation of R123 via energy transfer from excited NADH molecules as well as by direct absorption of light results in two fluorescence signals whose ratio is a measure of mitochondrial NADH. A screening system was developed in which these signals are detected simultaneously using a time-gated (nanosecond) technique for energy transfer measurements and a frequency selective technique for direct excitation and fluorescence monitoring of R123. Optical and electronic components of the apparatus are described, and results obtained from cultivated endothelial cells are reported. The ratio of fluorescence intensities excited in the near ultraviolet and blue-green spectral ranges increased by a factor 1.5 or 1.35 after inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by rotenone at cytotoxic or noncytotoxic concentrations, respectively. Concomitantly the amount of mitochondrial NADH increased. Excellent linearity between the number of cells incubated with R123 and fluorescence intensity was found in suspension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Schneckenburger
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liscum E, Stowe-Evans EL. Phototropism: a "simple" physiological response modulated by multiple interacting photosensory-response pathways. Photochem Photobiol 2000; 72:273-82. [PMID: 10989595 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0273:pasprm>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phototropism is the process by which plants reorient growth of various organs, most notably stems, in response to lateral differences in light quantity and/or quality. The ubiquitous nature of the phototropic response in the plant kingdom implies that it provides some adaptive evolutionary advantage. Upon visual inspection it is tempting to surmise that phototropic curvatures result from a relatively simple growth response to a directional stimulus. However, detailed photophysiological, and more recently genetic and molecular, studies have demonstrated that phototropism is in fact regulated by complex interactions among several photosensory systems. At least two receptors, phototropin and a presently unidentified receptor, appear to mediate the primary photoreception of directional blue light cues in dark-grown plants. PhyB may also function as a primary receptor to detect lateral increases in far-red light in neighbor-avoidance responses of light-grown plants. Phytochromes (phyA and phyB at a minimum) also appear to function as secondary receptors to regulate adaptation processes that ultimately modulate the magnitude of curvature induced by primary photoperception. As a result of the interactions of these multiple photosensory systems plants are able to maximize the adaptive advantage of the phototropic response in ever changing light environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Liscum
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fukuzumi S, Itoh S, Komori T, Suenobu T, Ishida A, Fujitsuka M, Ito O. Photochemical Reactions of Coenzyme PQQ (Pyrroloquinolinequinone) and Analogues with Benzyl Alcohol Derivatives via Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja001351g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Contribution from the Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University,
| | - Shinobu Itoh
- Contribution from the Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University,
| | - Takashi Komori
- Contribution from the Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University,
| | - Tomoyoshi Suenobu
- Contribution from the Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University,
| | - Akito Ishida
- Contribution from the Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University,
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Contribution from the Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University,
| | - Osamu Ito
- Contribution from the Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, and Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Matsuoka T, Moriyama N, Kida A, Okuda K, Suzuki T, Kotsuki H. Immunochemical analysis of a photoreceptor protein using anti-IP3 receptor antibody in the unicellular organism, Blepharisma. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2000; 54:131-5. [PMID: 10836543 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(00)00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The blepharismin-200 kD protein complex of the ciliated protozoan Blepharisma is a novel type of photosensor responsible for the step-up photophobic response of the cell. In immunoblotting assays, the 200 kD protein is weakly cross-reacted with anti-inositol triphosphate receptor antibody (anti-IP3 R antibody). Indirect immunofluorescence assays show that the pigment granules in which the blepharismin-200 kD protein complex is localized are labelled by anti-IP3 R antibody. When the anti-IP3 R antibody or antisense oligonucleotide for IP3 receptor is introduced into the living cells of Blepharisma, both the photosensitivity of the cells and content of blepharismin-200 kD protein are reduced. The results suggest that the photoreceptor 200 kD protein is possibly an IP3 receptor-like protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuoka
- Department of Biology, Kochi University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schneckenburger H, Hendinger A, Sailer R, Gschwend MH, Strauss WS, Bauer M, Schütze K. Cell viability in optical tweezers: high power red laser diode versus Nd:YAG laser. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2000; 5:40-4. [PMID: 10938764 DOI: 10.1117/1.429966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/1998] [Revised: 10/19/1999] [Accepted: 10/26/1999] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Viability of cultivated Chinese hamster ovary cells in optical tweezers was measured after exposure to various light doses of red high power laser diodes (lambda = 670-680 nm) and a Nd:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (lambda = 1064 nm). When using a radiant exposure of 2.4 GJ/cm2, a reduction of colony formation up to a factor 2 (670-680 nm) or 1.6 (1064 nm) as well as a delay of cell growth were detected in comparison with nonirradiated controls. In contrast, no cell damage was found at an exposure of 340 MJ/cm2 for both wavelengths, and virtually no lethal damage at 1 GJ/cm2 applied at 1064 nm. Cell viabilities were correlated with fluorescence excitation spectra and with literature data of wavelength dependent cloning efficiencies. Fluorescence excitation maxima of the coenzymes NAD(P)H and flavins were detected at 365 and 450 nm, respectively. This is half of the wavelengths of the maxima of cell inactivation, suggesting that two-photon absorption by these coenzymes may contribute to cellular damage. Two-photon excitation of NAD(P)H and flavins may also affect cell viability after exposure to 670-680 nm, whereas one-photon excitation of water molecules seems to limit cell viability at 1064 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Schneckenburger
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik, Universität Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tlalka M, Runquist M, Fricker M. Light perception and the role of the xanthophyll cycle in blue-light-dependent chloroplast movements in lemna trisulca L. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1999; 20:447-59. [PMID: 10607297 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In most higher plants, chloroplasts move towards the periclinal cell walls in weak blue light (WBL) to increase light harvesting for photosynthesis, and towards the anticlinal walls as an escape reaction, thus avoiding photo-damage in strong blue light (SBL). The photo- receptor(s) triggering these responses have not yet been identified. In this study, the role of zeaxanthin as a blue-light photoreceptor in chloroplast movements was investigated. Time-lapse 3D confocal imaging in Lemna trisulca showed that individual chloroplasts responded to local illumination when one half of the cell was treated with light of different intensity or spectral quality to that received by the other half, or was maintained in darkness. Thus the complete signal perception, transduction and effector system has a high degree of spatial resolution and is consistent with localization of part of the transduction chain in the chloroplasts. Turnover of xanthophylls was determined using HPLC, and a parallel increase was observed between zeaxanthin and chloroplast movements in SBL. Ascorbate stimulated both a transient increase in zeaxanthin levels and chloroplast movement to profile in physiological darkness. Conversely, dithiothreitol blocked zeaxanthin production and responses to SBL and, to a lesser extent, WBL. Norflurazon preferentially inhibited SBL-dependent chloroplast movements. Increases in zeaxanthin were also observed in strong red light (SRL) when no directional chloroplast movements occurred. Thus it appears that a combination of zeaxanthin and blue light is required to trigger responses. Blue light can cause cis-trans isomerization of xanthophylls, thus photo-isomerization may be a critical link in the signal transduction pathway.
Collapse
|
26
|
Orientation of the phycomyces blue light receptor — testing the single dipole hypothesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(97)00100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Lebert M, Hader DP. Behavioral mutants of Euglena gracilis: functional and spectroscopic characterization. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 151:188-195. [PMID: 11540955 DOI: 10.1016/s0176-1617(97)80151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three mutant strains of the phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis Z have been characterized in order to analyze the signal perception and signal transduction pathways involved in photo- and gravitaxis. Using the fluorescence of the chromophoric groups believed to be involved in photoperception (flavins and pterins) a method was developed for an in situ and in vivo detection of the paraxonemal body, the proposed location of the photoreceptor molecules. Two of the mutant strains, 1224-5/9f and 1224-5/1f, do not possess a stigma and also lack a paraxonemal body, as indicated by fluorescence measurements. The third strain, FB, has a small stigma, but only some cells contain a paraxonemal body. In contrast to the present hypothesis on photoorientation of Euglena, all strains were able to orient with respect to the light direction. However, the mutant strains did not show any orientation at low irradiances. At medium and high irradiances the strains 1224-5/9f and 1224-5/1f oriented perpendicular to the light direction (diaphototaxis) while cells of strains of FB showed partly negative phototaxis and partly diaphototaxis. Diaphototaxis was never observed in the wild type strain. Strains 1224-5/9f and 1224-5/1f showed normal graviresponses compared with the wild type. Astasia longa, a nonphtototactic relative of E. gracilis, as well as strain FB were both negative and positive gravitactic at all culture ages tested. This result confirmed the hypothesis that the paraxonemal body is not directly involved in graviperception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lebert
- Institut fur Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat, Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schneckenburger H, Gschwend MH, Strauss WS, Sailer R, Kron M, Steeb U, Steiner R. Energy transfer spectroscopy for measuring mitochondrial metabolism in living cells. Photochem Photobiol 1997; 66:34-41. [PMID: 9230702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic energy transfer spectroscopy was established using mixed solutions of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and the mitochondrial marker rhodamine 123 (R123). This method was applied to probe mitochondrial malfunction of cultivated endothelial cells from calf aorta incubated with various inhibitors of specific enzyme complexes of the respiratory chain. Autofluorescence of the coenzyme NADH as well as energy transfer efficacy from excited NADH molecules (energy donor) to R123 (energy acceptor) were measured by time-gated fluorescence spectroscopy. Because intermolecular distances in the nanometer range are required for radiationless energy transfer, this method is suitable to probe selectively mitochondrial NADH. Autofluorescence of endothelial cells usually exhibited a weak increase after specific inhibition of enzyme complexes of the respiratory chain. In contrast, pronounced and statistically significant changes of energy transfer efficacy were observed after inhibition of the same enzyme complexes. Detection of NADH and R123 in different nanosecond time gates following the exciting laser pulses enhances the selectivity and improves quantification of fluorescence measurements. Therefore, time-gated energy transfer spectroscopy is suggested to be an appropriate tool for probing mitochondrial malfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Schneckenburger
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik, Universität Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sametz-Baron L, T. GMB, Amit R, Herrera-Estrella A, Horwitz BA. Photoreactivation of UV-lnactivated Spores of Trichoderma harzianum. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Time-gated microscopic energy transfer measurements for probing mitochondrial metabolism. J Fluoresc 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02764571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Tillmanns S, Senger H, Galland P. REDUCED NEAR-UV SENSITIVITY IN Phycomyces MUTANTS AFFECTED IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF 6,7-DIMETHYL-8-RIBITYLLUMAZINE. Photochem Photobiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb02389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Kritsky MS. Contribution from coenzyme related molecules to evolution of photoreceptors. J Biol Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00700434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
35
|
Heelis PF, Hartman RF, Rose SD. Photoaddition of alcohols and ethers to flavins in the presence of EDTA. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)88073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
36
|
Campuzano V, Galland P, Senger H, Alvarez MI, Eslava AP. Isolation and characterization of phototropism mutants of Phycomyces insensitive to ultraviolet light. Curr Genet 1994; 26:49-53. [PMID: 7954896 DOI: 10.1007/bf00326304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phototropism mutants of the zygomycete fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus were isolated on the basis of their loss of responsivity to UV light. Four of these mutants had retained a partial sensitivity to near-UV and to blue light. Gravitropism and the avoidance response were unaffected in these mutants. One mutant, A909, had lost most of its sensitivity to near-UV and blue light while the sensitivity to far-UV light was only slightly affected. Additionally, the gravitropic and the avoidance responses were significantly reduced in A909. A complementation analysis of the five strains of Phycomyces with known phototropism mutants indicated that strains A896, A897, and A898 were defective in the madA gene, and that A905 was affected in the madC gene. In strain A909 the input, as well as the output, of the transduction chain is affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Campuzano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genetica, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Koenig K, Schneckenburger H. Laser-induced autofluorescence for medical diagnosis. J Fluoresc 1994; 4:17-40. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01876650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/1993] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
38
|
Chen XY, Xiong YQ, Lipson ED. Action spectrum for subliminal light control of adaptation in Phycomyces phototropism. Photochem Photobiol 1993; 58:425-31. [PMID: 8234478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb09585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation processes enable phototropism and other blue light responses of Phycomyces to operate over a 10-decade range of fluence rate. Phototropic latency, used routinely to monitor the kinetics of sensitivity recovery after a step down in fluence rate, can be shortened by application of dim light for 35 min during the early part of the latency period. This light is termed subliminal, because it does not elicit phototropism under these experimental conditions; rather, it exerts its influence on the underlying adaptation kinetics. Fluence rate-response data for this latency reduction, obtained at 17 wavelengths of subliminal light from 347 to 742 nm, showed a variety of shapes that could be fit by zero, one, or two sigmoidal components, plus a constant term. At most wavelengths, the fluence-rate threshold for latency reduction by subliminal light tended to be well below the absolute threshold for phototropism, indicating that this effect is highly sensitive. An action spectrum for the sensitivity of the subliminal light effect, derived from the fluence rate-response curves, shows major peaks around 400 and 500 nm and a broad band from 570 to 670 nm, followed by a steep absorption edge. The sensitivity in the near ultraviolet region is relatively very low. The magnitude of the latency reduction also depends strongly on wavelength with a maximum at about 450 nm. The fluence-rate response data and the action spectrum--which is markedly different from that for phototropism and other blue-light responses of Phycomyces--indicate the participation of multiple pigments, or pigment states, in the photocontrol of adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, NY 13244-1130
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fukshansky L. New trends in photobiology. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(93)87082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
40
|
Gualtieri P. New trends in photobiology. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(93)80086-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
41
|
Rollag MD. Pertussis toxin sensitive photoaggregation of pigment in isolated Xenopus tail-fin melanophores. Photochem Photobiol 1993; 57:862-6. [PMID: 8393196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb09225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Direct illumination of Xenopus laevis tail-fin melanophores results in rapid, reversible translocation of intracellular pigment granules to a perinuclear location, an effect distinct from and opposite to the photodispersion of pigment found in melanophores isolated from Xenopus embryos. In this report we show that both pertussis toxin and dibutyryl-adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate block the ability of light to cause photoaggregation of pigment in cultured tail-fin melanophores, whereas dibutyryl-guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate is without effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Rollag
- Department of Anatomy, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gualtieri P. A biological point of view on photoreception (no-imaging vision) in algae. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(93)80046-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
|
44
|
|
45
|
|
46
|
Hohl N, Galland P, Senger H. Altered flavin patterns in photobehavioral mutants of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Photochem Photobiol 1992; 55:247-55. [PMID: 1542706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb04234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavins were extracted from sporangiophores of the lower fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus and identified by HPLC with fluorescence detection. In the wild-type strain NRRL1555 they were found to be present at the following concentrations: riboflavin (5.5 x 10(-6) M), flavin mononucleotide (FMN) (4.0 x 10(-6) M) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (1.4 x 10(-6) M). The HPLC elution profiles of the wild type were compared to a set of behavioral mutants (genotype mad) with specific defects in their light-transduction pathway. The photoreceptor mutants C109 (madB), C111 (madB) and L1 (madC) had normal amounts of flavins. The most prominent changes were found in single mutants with a defective madA gene which contained about 25% of riboflavin and about 10% of FMN and FAD normally found in the wild type. A hypertropic mutant with a defective madH gene contained instead 80% of riboflavin and 120% of FMN and FAD. The double mutant L52 (madA madC) and the triple mutant L72 (madA madB madC) had normal amounts of FAD and FMN. This indicates that the madC mutation, which itself causes loss of light sensitivity and which affects the near-UV/blue-light receptor (Galland and Lipson, 1985, Photochem. Photobiol. 41, 331-335) functions as a restorer of the flavin content in a genetic madA background. The double mutant L51 (madA madB) had about 40% of FMN and FAD, suggesting that the madB mutation functions as a partial restorer of flavin content. The photogravitropic thresholds (450 nm) reported for the wild type and the madA and madH mutants were positively correlated to the endogeneous concentrations of FMN and FAD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Hohl
- Fachbereich Biologie/Botanik der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fed. Rep. Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hohl N, Galland P, Senger H. Altered pterin patterns in photobehavioral mutants of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Photochem Photobiol 1992; 55:239-45. [PMID: 1542705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb04233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pterins were extracted with methanol from sporangiophores of the lower fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus and separated and identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The following pterins were found and identified for the wild-type strain NRRL1555: carboxypterin (6.7 x 10(-6) M), neopterin (4.2 x 10(-7) M), xanthopterin (5.3 x 10(-6) M), biopterin (3.9 x 10(-7) M), pterin (9.1 x 10(-7) M), and 6,7-dimethylpterin (1.2 x 10(-6) M). The HPLC elution profiles of the wild type were compared to a set of phototropism mutants (genotype mad) with specific defects in the light-transduction pathway. The mutant profiles were qualitatively similar to those of the wild type. Quantitative differences were, however, discerned for madA, madC, and madH mutants. The madA mutation was associated with increased amounts of biopterin and 6,7-dimethylpterin and a reduction of neopterin, pterin, xanthopterin, and unidentified pterins eluting at 14-18 min. The stimulatory effect of the madA mutation on biopterin and 6,7-dimethylpterin appears to be compensated by a secondary mutation (pde) which is responsible for the loss of 75% of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-phosphodiesterase activity. In a madA pde double mutant the amounts of biopterin and 6,7-dimethylpterin fell below the wild-type level. These results suggest that an increased level of endogenous cAMP represses the biosynthesis of these pterins. The madC mutation increased the amounts of biopterin and xanthopterin and that of the unidentified pterins which could be derivatized to carboxypterin. Single madB mutations had, compared to the wild type, two times higher amounts of biopterin and two times lower amounts of neopterin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Hohl
- Fachbereich Biologie/Botanik der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fed. Rep. Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Baum D, Horwitz BA. Changes in synthesis and abundance of specific polypeptides at early and late stages of blue-light-induced sporulation of Trichoderma. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(91)80254-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
49
|
Hermsmeier D, Mala E, Schulz R, Thielmann J, Galland P, Senger H. Antagonistic blue- and red-light regulation of cab-gene expression during photosynthetic adaptation in Scenedesmus obliquus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1991; 11:189-202. [PMID: 1722819 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(91)80260-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus to various light qualities, the accumulation of chlorophylls and pigment-protein complexes (with specific consideration of chlorophyll a/b-binding (Cab) proteins) and cab-gene expression were determined. The fluence rate dependences for chlorophyll accumulation and cab-gene expression were very different. Very low fluence rates of violet (404 nm), blue (461 nm) and red (650 nm) light below the photosynthetic threshold, i.e. between 10(-3) and 10(-1) mumol m-2 s-1, inhibited all of these reactions in cells grown under heterotrophic conditions. At elevated fluence rates (above 1 mumol m-2 s-1), red light retained its negative regulation, whereas blue light stimulated pigment accumulation. Under autotrophic conditions the pattern was more complex, because chlorophyll accumulation was unaffected by light below the photosynthetic threshold. However, the expression of cab-genes was inhibited by red light but stimulated by blue light. Cells adapted to fluence rates, which ensured photosynthetic energy supply (above 1 mumol m-2 s-1), showed an increase in chlorophyll accumulation, blue light being more effective than red light. The results confirm and extend our previous discovery of two antagonistically acting photoreceptors in Scenedesmus which mediate and coordinate the complex functional and structural changes associated with photosynthetic adaptation. One of these receptor pigments is a blue-light receptor with positive action; the other is a violet-red-light receptor which can operate far below the photosynthetic threshold and exerts a negative regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hermsmeier
- Fachbereich Biologie/Botanik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, F.R.G
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Belenikina NS, Strakhovskaya MG, Fraikin GYa. Near-UV activation of yeast growth. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1991; 10:51-5. [PMID: 1835498 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(91)80211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Near-UV radiation (337 nm) at fluences of 2-10 kJ m-2 activates, during the lag-phase, subsequent growth of the yeast Candida guilliermondii. Photostimulation occurs only after a temperature-dependent time interval (1-2 h) between short-period irradiation and the onset of cell growth on a nutrient medium. A photoactivated enzymatic synthesis of an intermediate metabolite regulating cell growth is proposed as the cause of the biochemical changes responsible for the photostimulatory effect. On the basis of the observed disappearance of photostimulation after adding para-chlorphenylalanine (a specific inhibitor of serotonin synthesis), serotonin is suggested to act as the active metabolite. The regulatory function of serotonin is confirmed by the stimulatory effect of exogenous serotonin and its dependence on concentration, which resembles the dependence on near-UV fluence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Belenikina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, State University of Moscow, U.S.S.R
| | | | | |
Collapse
|