1
|
García-Torres I, De la Mora-De la Mora I, López-Velázquez G, Cabrera N, Flores-López LA, Becker I, Herrera-López J, Hernández R, Pérez-Montfort R, Enríquez-Flores S. Repurposing of rabeprazole as an anti- Trypanosoma cruzi drug that targets cellular triosephosphate isomerase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2231169. [PMID: 37401012 PMCID: PMC10351538 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2231169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis, which mainly affects populations in Latin America. Benznidazole is used to control the disease, with severe effects in patients receiving this chemotherapy. Previous studies have demonstrated the inhibition of triosephosphate isomerase from T. cruzi, but cellular enzyme inhibition has yet to be established. This study demonstrates that rabeprazole inhibits both cell viability and triosephosphate isomerase activity in T. cruzi epimastigotes. Our results show that rabeprazole has an IC50 of 0.4 µM, which is 14.5 times more effective than benznidazole. Additionally, we observed increased levels of methyl-glyoxal and advanced glycation end products after the inhibition of cellular triosephosphate isomerase by rabeprazole. Finally, we demonstrate that the inactivation mechanisms of rabeprazole on triosephosphate isomerase of T. cruzi can be achieved through the derivatization of three of its four cysteine residues. These results indicate that rabeprazole is a promising candidate against American trypanosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itzhel García-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, CDMX, México
| | | | | | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Luis Antonio Flores-López
- CONAHCYT Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, CDMX, México
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Juliana Herrera-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Roberto Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Ruy Pérez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Sergio Enríquez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, CDMX, México
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Virtual Screening of Benzimidazole Derivatives as Potential Triose Phosphate Isomerase Inhibitors with Biological Activity against Leishmania mexicana. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030390. [PMID: 36986489 PMCID: PMC10058926 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana) is a causal agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a “Neglected disease”, for which the search for new drugs is a priority. Benzimidazole is a scaffold used to develop antiparasitic drugs; therefore, it is interesting molecule against L. mexicana. In this work, a ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) of the ZINC15 database was performed. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to predict the compounds with potential binding at the dimer interface of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) of L. mexicana (LmTIM). Compounds were selected on binding patterns, cost, and commercial availability for in vitro assays against L. mexicana blood promastigotes. The compounds were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation on LmTIM and its homologous human TIM. Finally, the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties were determined in silico. A total of 175 molecules with docking scores between −10.8 and −9.0 Kcal/mol were obtained. Compound E2 showed the best leishmanicidal activity (IC50 = 4.04 µM) with a value similar to the reference drug pentamidine (IC50 = 2.23 µM). Molecular dynamics analysis predicted low affinity for human TIM. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of the compounds were suitable for developing new leishmanicidal agents.
Collapse
|
3
|
García-Gutiérrez P, Camarillo-Cadena M, Vera-Robles LI, Zubillaga RA, Hernández-Arana A. Circular dichroism spectroscopic assessment of structural changes upon protein thermal unfolding at contrasting pH: Comparison with molecular dynamics simulations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 274:121039. [PMID: 35245803 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In most instances, the usual fastness of protein unfolding events hinders determining changes in secondary structures associated with this process because these determinations rely on the recording of high-resolution circular dichroism (CD) spectra. In this work, far-UV CD spectra, recorded at ten-minute intervals, were used to evaluate the time course followed by four classes of secondary structures in the slow temperature-induced unfolding of yeast triosephosphate isomerase (yTIM) under distinct pH conditions. CONTIN-LL and SELCON3 algorithms were used for the deconvolution of spectra. Both algorithms furnished helix and unordered structure contents that changed according to first-order kinetics, agreeing with the behavior shown by CD data at specific wavelengths. Analyses of unfolded yTIM spectra, using a dataset that includes spectra of unfolded proteins and either one of the two algorithms, clearly showed a more unordered protein structure at high pH; this finding was corroborated with analysis of the difference spectra. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed with AMBER and OPLS force fields resulted in more extensive loss of helices and gain in coils at high pH, in agreement with spectroscopic results. However, structural differences between low- and high-pH unfolded yTIM were relatively small. Comparison of results from CD and MD thus point to the need of fine-tuning of MD procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ponciano García-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa CDMX 09340, México
| | - Menandro Camarillo-Cadena
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa CDMX 09340, México
| | - Liliana I Vera-Robles
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa CDMX 09340, México
| | - Rafael A Zubillaga
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa CDMX 09340, México.
| | - Andrés Hernández-Arana
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Iztapalapa CDMX 09340, México.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chávez-García C, Karttunen M. Highly Similar Sequence and Structure Yet Different Biophysical Behavior: A Computational Study of Two Triosephosphate Isomerases. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:668-677. [PMID: 35044757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Homodimeric triosephosphate isomerases (TIMs) from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTIM) and Trypanosoma brucei (TbTIM) have markedly similar amino-acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. However, several of their biophysical parameters, such as their susceptibility to sulfhydryl agents and their reactivation speed after being denatured, have significant differences. The causes of these differences were explored with microsecond-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of three different TIM proteins: TcTIM, TbTIM, and a chimeric protein, Mut1. We examined their electrostatic interactions and explored the impact of simulation length on them. The same salt bridge between catalytic residues Lys 14 and Glu 98 was observed in all three proteins, but key differences were found in other interactions that the catalytic amino acids form. In particular, a cation-π interaction between catalytic amino acids Lys 14 and His 96 and both a salt bridge and a hydrogen bond between catalytic Glu 168 and residue Arg 100 were only observed in TcTIM. Furthermore, although TcTIM forms less hydrogen bonds than TbTIM and Mut1, its hydrogen bond network spans almost the entire protein, connecting the residues in both monomers. This work provides new insight into the mechanisms that give rise to the different behavior of these proteins. The results also show the importance of long simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Chávez-García
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,The Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,The Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vázquez-Jiménez LK, Moreno-Herrera A, Juárez-Saldivar A, González-González A, Ortiz-Pérez E, Paz-González AD, Palos-Pizarro I, Ramírez-Moreno E, Rivera G. Recent Advances in the Development of Triose Phosphate Isomerase Inhibitors as Antiprotozoal Agents. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2504-2529. [PMID: 34517794 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210913090928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic diseases caused by protozoa such as Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, malaria, African trypanosomiasis, amebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis are considered serious public health problems in developing countries. Drug-resistance among parasites justifies the search for new therapeutic drugs and the identification of new targets becomes a valuable approach. In this scenario, glycolysis pathway which consists of the conversion of glucose into pyruvate plays an important role in the protozoa energy supply and it is therefore considered as a promising target. In this pathway, triose phosphate isomerase (TIM) plays an essential role in efficient energy production. Furthermore, protozoa TIM show structural differences with human enzyme counterparts suggesting the possibility of obtaining selective inhibitors. Therefore, TIM is considered a valid approach to develop new antiprotozoal agents, inhibiting the glycolysis in the parasite. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discuss the drug design strategies, structure-activity relationship, and binding modes of outstanding TIM inhibitors against Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium falciparum, Giardia lamblia, Leishmania mexicana, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Entamoeba histolytica. RESULTS TIM inhibitors showed mainly aromatic systems and symmetrical structure, where the size and type of heteroatom are important for enzyme inhibition. This inhibition is mainly based on the interaction with i) the interfacial region of TIM inducing changes on the quaternary and tertiary structure or ii) with the TIM catalytic region were the main pathways that disabled the catalytic activity of the enzyme. CONCLUSION Benzothiazole, benzoxazole, benzimidazole, and sulfhydryl derivatives stand out as TIM inhibitors. In silico and in vitro studies demonstrate that the inhibitors bind mainly at the TIM dimer interface. In this review, the development of new TIM inhibitors as antiprotozoal drugs is demonstrated as an important pharmaceutical strategy that may lead to new therapies for these ancient parasitic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenci K Vázquez-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Antonio Moreno-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Alfredo Juárez-Saldivar
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Alonzo González-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Eyra Ortiz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Alma D Paz-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Isidro Palos-Pizarro
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Rodhe, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, 88779 Reynosa. Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07320 Ciudad de México. Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Esters of quinoxaline-7-carboxylate-1,4-di- N-oxide as Trichomonas vaginalis triosephosphate isomerase inhibitors. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:485-495. [PMID: 36654088 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is a public health problem worldwide. Trichomoniasis treatment consists of the use of nitroimidazole derivatives; however, therapeutic ineffectiveness occurs in 5 to 20 % of the cases. Therefore, it is essential to propose new pharmacological agents against this disease. In this work, esters of quinoxaline-7-carboxylate-1,4-di-N-oxide (EQX-NO) were evaluated in in vitro assays as novel trichomonicidal agents. Additionally, an in vitro enzyme assay and molecular docking analysis against triosephosphate isomerase of Trichomonas vaginalis to confirm their mechanism of action were performed. Ethyl (compound 12) and n-propyl (compound 37) esters of quinoxaline-7-carboxy-late-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives showed trichomonicidal activity comparable to nitazoxanide, whereas five methyl (compounds 5, 15, 19, 20 and 22), four isopropyl (compounds 28, 29, 30 and 34), three ethyl (compounds 4, 13 and 23) and one npropyl (compound 35) ester derivatives displayed activity comparable to albendazole. Compounds 6 and 20 decreased 100 % of the enzyme activity of recombinant protein triosephosphate isomerase.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vique-Sánchez JL, Jiménez-Pineda A, Benítez-Cardoza CG. Amoebicidal effect of 5,5'-[(4-nitrophenyl)methylene]bis-6-hydroxy-2-mercapto-3-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone), a new drug against Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000263. [PMID: 33017058 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that can produce infections in the intestine and some organs (liver, lungs, and brain), with worldwide prevalence. There are treatments against E. histolytica (antiparasitics), but as the drugs used in these treatments have presented some type of resistance and/or side effects, there are cases with complications of this disease. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs aimed at a specific therapeutic target against this parasite. Here, we used the compound 5,5'-[(4-nitrophenyl)methylene]bis(6-hydroxy-2-mercapto-3-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone) in the patenting process (called D4). D4 has a reported specific use against a glycolytic enzyme, the triosephosphate isomerase of Trichomonas vaginalis (TvTIM). We determined that D4 has an amoebicidal effect in in vitro cultures, with an IC50 value of 18.5 µM, and we proposed a specific site of interaction (Lys77, His110, Gln115, and Glu118) in the triosephosphate isomerase of E. histolytica (EhTIM). Furthermore, compound D4 has favorable experimental and theoretical toxicity results. Therefore, D4 should be further investigated as a potential drug against E. histolytica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L Vique-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Albertana Jiménez-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación Bioquímica, ENMyH-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia G Benítez-Cardoza
- Laboratorio de Investigación Bioquímica, ENMyH-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Developing a new drug against trichomoniasis, new inhibitory compounds of the protein triosephosphate isomerase. Parasitol Int 2020; 76:102086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
9
|
Benítez‐Cardoza CG, Jiménez‐Pineda A, Angles‐Falconi SI, Fernández‐Velasco DA, Vique‐Sánchez JL. Potential Site to Direct Selective Compounds in the Triosephosphate Isomerase for the Development of New Drugs. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albertana Jiménez‐Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación BioquímicaENMyH-Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México México
| | - Sergio I. Angles‐Falconi
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de MéndezUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Jalpa de Méndez Tabasco, México
| | - Daniel A. Fernández‐Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de ProteínasDepartamento de BioquímicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México México
| | - José L. Vique‐Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Investigación BioquímicaENMyH-Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México México
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Autónoma de Baja California Mexicali, BC, México
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Benítez-Cardoza CG, Fernández-Velasco DA, Vique-Sánchez JL. Triosephosphate Isomerase Inhibitors as Potential Drugs against Clostridium perfringens. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A. Fernández-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de; México México
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Novel and Selective Rhipicephalus microplus Triosephosphate Isomerase Inhibitors with Acaricidal Activity. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5030074. [PMID: 30142944 PMCID: PMC6163981 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most important ectoparasites causing significant economic losses for the cattle industry. The major tool of control is reducing the number of ticks, applying acaricides in cattle. However, overuse has led to selection of resistant populations of R. microplus to most of these products, some even to more than one active principle. Thus, exploration for new molecules with acaricidal activity in R. microplus has become necessary. Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is an essential enzyme in R. microplus metabolism and could be an interesting target for the development of new methods for tick control. In this work, we screened 227 compounds, from our in-house chemo-library, against TIM from R. microplus. Four compounds (50, 98, 14, and 161) selectively inhibited this enzyme with IC50 values between 25 and 50 μM. They were also able to diminish cellular viability of BME26 embryonic cells by more than 50% at 50 μM. A molecular docking study showed that the compounds bind in different regions of the protein; compound 14 interacts with the dimer interface. Furthermore, compound 14 affected the survival of partially engorged females, fed artificially, using the capillary technique. This molecule is simple, easy to produce, and important biological data—including toxicological information—are available for it. Our results imply a promising role for compound 14 as a prototype for development of a new acaricidal involving selective TIM inhibition.
Collapse
|
12
|
García-Torres I, De la Mora-De la Mora I, Hernández-Alcántara G, Molina-Ortiz D, Caballero-Salazar S, Olivos-García A, Nava G, López-Velázquez G, Enríquez-Flores S. First characterization of a microsporidial triosephosphate isomerase and the biochemical mechanisms of its inactivation to propose a new druggable target. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8591. [PMID: 29872223 PMCID: PMC5988755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microsporidia are a large group of intracellular parasites with a broad range of hosts, including humans. Encephalitozoon intestinalis is the second microsporidia species most frequently associated with gastrointestinal disease in humans, especially immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals, including children and the elderly. The prevalence reported worldwide in these groups ranges from 0 to 60%. Currently, albendazole is most commonly used to treat microsporidiosis caused by Encephalitozoon species. However, the results of treatment are variable, and relapse can occur. Consequently, efforts are being directed toward identifying more effective drugs for treating microsporidiosis, and the study of new molecular targets appears promising. These parasites lack mitochondria, and oxidative phosphorylation therefore does not occur, which suggests the enzymes involved in glycolysis as potential drug targets. Here, we have for the first time characterized the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase of E. intestinalis at the functional and structural levels. Our results demonstrate the mechanisms of inactivation of this enzyme by thiol-reactive compounds. The most striking result of this study is the demonstration that established safe drugs such as omeprazole, rabeprazole and sulbutiamine can effectively inactivate this microsporidial enzyme and might be considered as potential drugs for treating this important disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itzhel García-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, 04530, Mexico
| | - Ignacio De la Mora-De la Mora
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, 04530, Mexico
| | - Gloria Hernández-Alcántara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Dora Molina-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, 04530, Mexico
| | - Silvia Caballero-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, 04530, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Olivos-García
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y Hospital General, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Nava
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, 04530, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Enríquez-Flores
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, 04530, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Díaz-Mazariegos S, Cabrera N, Perez-Montfort R. Three unrelated and unexpected amino acids determine the susceptibility of the interface cysteine to a sulfhydryl reagent in the triosephosphate isomerases of two trypanosomes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189525. [PMID: 29342154 PMCID: PMC5771576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins with great sequence similarity usually have similar structure, function and other physicochemical properties. But in many cases, one or more of the physicochemical or functional characteristics differ, sometimes very considerably, among these homologous proteins. To better understand how critical amino acids determine quantitative properties of function in proteins, the responsible residues must be located and identified. This can be difficult to achieve, particularly in cases where multiple amino acids are involved. In this work, two triosephosphate isomerases with very high similarity from two related human parasites were used to address one such problem. We demonstrate that a seventy-fold difference in the reactivity of an interface cysteine to the sulfhydryl reagent methylmethane sulfonate in these two enzymes depends on three amino acids located far away from this critical residue and which could not have been predicted using other current methods. Starting from previous observations with chimeric proteins involving these two triosephosphate isomerases, we developed a strategy involving additive mutant enzymes and selected site directed mutants to locate and identify the three amino acids. These three residues seem to induce changes in the interface cysteine in reactivity by increasing (or decreasing) its apparent pKa. Some enzymes with four to seven mutations also exhibited altered reactivity. This study completes a strategy for identifying key residues in the sequences of proteins that can have applications in future protein structure-function studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Díaz-Mazariegos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ruy Perez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Olivares-Illana V, Riveros-Rosas H, Cabrera N, Tuena de Gómez-Puyou M, Pérez-Montfort R, Costas M, Gómez-Puyou A. A guide to the effects of a large portion of the residues of triosephosphate isomerase on catalysis, stability, druggability, and human disease. Proteins 2017; 85:1190-1211. [PMID: 28378917 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a ubiquitous enzyme, which appeared early in evolution. TIM is responsible for obtaining net ATP from glycolysis and producing an extra pyruvate molecule for each glucose molecule, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It is placed in a metabolic crossroad that allows a quick balance of the triose phosphate aldolase produced by glycolysis, and is also linked to lipid metabolism through the alternation of glycerol-3-phosphate and the pentose cycle. TIM is one of the most studied enzymes with more than 199 structures deposited in the PDB. The interest for this enzyme stems from the fact that it is involved in glycolysis, but also in aging, human diseases and metabolism. TIM has been a target in the search for chemical compounds against infectious diseases and is a model to study catalytic features. Until February 2017, 62% of all residues of the protein have been studied by mutagenesis and/or using other approaches. Here, we present a detailed and comprehensive recompilation of the reported effects on TIM catalysis, stability, druggability and human disease produced by each of the amino acids studied, contributing to a better understanding of the properties of this fundamental protein. The information reviewed here shows that the role of the noncatalytic residues depend on their molecular context, the delicate balance between the short and long-range interactions in concerted action determining the properties of the protein. Each protein should be regarded as a unique entity that has evolved to be functional in the organism to which it belongs. Proteins 2017; 85:1190-1211. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Olivares-Illana
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Biomoleculares y Cáncer. Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78290, México
| | - Hector Riveros-Rosas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Marietta Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Ruy Pérez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Miguel Costas
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Armando Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
López-Castillo LM, Jiménez-Sandoval P, Baruch-Torres N, Trasviña-Arenas CH, Díaz-Quezada C, Lara-González S, Winkler R, Brieba LG. Structural Basis for Redox Regulation of Cytoplasmic and Chloroplastic Triosephosphate Isomerases from Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1817. [PMID: 27999583 PMCID: PMC5138414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) interconverts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) during glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The nuclear genome of land plants encodes two tpi genes, one gene product is located in the cytoplasm and the other is imported into the chloroplast. Herein we report the crystal structures of the TPIs from the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana (AtTPIs) and address their enzymatic modulation by redox agents. Cytoplasmic TPI (cTPI) and chloroplast TPI (pdTPI) share more than 60% amino acid identity and assemble as (β-α)8 dimers with high structural homology. cTPI and pdTPI harbor two and one accessible thiol groups per monomer respectively. cTPI and pdTPI present a cysteine at an equivalent structural position (C13 and C15 respectively) and cTPI also contains a specific solvent accessible cysteine at residue 218 (cTPI-C218). Site directed mutagenesis of residues pdTPI-C15, cTPI-C13, and cTPI-C218 to serine substantially decreases enzymatic activity, indicating that the structural integrity of these cysteines is necessary for catalysis. AtTPIs exhibit differential responses to oxidative agents, cTPI is susceptible to oxidative agents such as diamide and H2O2, whereas pdTPI is resistant to inhibition. Incubation of AtTPIs with the sulfhydryl conjugating reagents methylmethane thiosulfonate (MMTS) and glutathione inhibits enzymatic activity. However, the concentration necessary to inhibit pdTPI is at least two orders of magnitude higher than the concentration needed to inhibit cTPI. Western-blot analysis indicates that residues cTPI-C13, cTPI-C218, and pdTPI-C15 conjugate with glutathione. In summary, our data indicate that AtTPIs could be redox regulated by the derivatization of specific AtTPI cysteines (cTPI-C13 and pdTPI-C15 and cTPI-C218). Since AtTPIs have evolved by gene duplication, the higher resistance of pdTPI to redox agents may be an adaptive consequence to the redox environment in the chloroplast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. López-Castillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalIrapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, CINVESTAV Unidad IrapuatoIrapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Sandoval
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalIrapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Noe Baruch-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalIrapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Carlos H. Trasviña-Arenas
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalIrapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Corina Díaz-Quezada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalIrapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Samuel Lara-González
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C.San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, CINVESTAV Unidad IrapuatoIrapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luis G. Brieba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalIrapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Luis G. Brieba
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Proton pump inhibitors drastically modify triosephosphate isomerase from Giardia lamblia at functional and structural levels, providing molecular leads in the design of new antigiardiasic drugs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:97-107. [PMID: 26518348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are extensively used in clinical practice because of their effectiveness and safety. Omeprazole is one of the best-selling drugs worldwide and, with other PPIs, has been proposed to be potential drugs for the treatment of several diseases. We demonstrated that omeprazole shows cytotoxic effects in Giardia and concomitantly inactivates giardial triosephosphate isomerase (GlTIM). Therefore, we evaluated the efficiency of commercially available PPIs to inactivate this enzyme. METHODS We assayed the effect of PPIs on the GlTIM WT, single Cys mutants, and the human counterpart, following enzyme activity, thermal stability, exposure of hydrophobic regions, and susceptibility to limited proteolysis. RESULTS PPIs efficiently inactivated GlTIM; however, rabeprazole was the best inactivating drug and was nearly ten times more effective. The mechanism of inactivation by PPIs was through the modification of the Cys 222 residue. Moreover, there are important changes at the structural level, the thermal stability of inactivated-GlTIM was drastically diminished and the structural rigidity was lost, as observed by the exposure of hydrophobic regions and their susceptibility to limited proteolysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that rabeprazole is the most potent PPI for GlTIM inactivation and that all PPIs tested have substantial abilities to alter GITIM at the structural level, causing serious damage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report demonstrating the effectiveness of commercial PPIs on a glycolytic parasitic enzyme, with structural features well known. This study is a step forward in the use and understanding the implicated mechanisms of new antigiardiasic drugs safe in humans.
Collapse
|
17
|
Azam A, Peerzada MN, Ahmad K. Parasitic diarrheal disease: drug development and targets. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1183. [PMID: 26617574 PMCID: PMC4621754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is the manifestation of gastrointestinal infection and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity specifically among the children of less than 5 years age worldwide. Moreover, in recent years there has been a rise in the number of reports of intestinal infections continuously in the industrialized world. These are largely related to waterborne and food borne outbreaks. These occur by the pathogenesis of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms like bacteria and parasites. The parasitic intestinal infection has remained mostly unexplored and under assessed in terms of therapeutic development. The lack of new drugs and the risk of resistance have led us to carry out this review on drug development for parasitic diarrheal diseases. The major focus has been depicted on commercially available drugs, currently synthesized active heterocyclic compounds and unique drug targets, that are vital for the existence and growth of the parasites and can be further exploited for the search of therapeutically active anti-parasitic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Azam
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi, India
| | - Mudasir N. Peerzada
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aguilera E, Varela J, Birriel E, Serna E, Torres S, Yaluff G, de Bilbao NV, Aguirre-López B, Cabrera N, Díaz Mazariegos S, de Gómez-Puyou MT, Gómez-Puyou A, Pérez-Montfort R, Minini L, Merlino A, Cerecetto H, González M, Alvarez G. Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi Triosephosphate Isomerase with Concomitant Inhibition of Cruzipain: Inhibition of Parasite Growth through Multitarget Activity. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:1328-38. [PMID: 26492824 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is an essential Trypanosoma cruzi enzyme and one of the few validated drug targets for Chagas disease. The known inhibitors of this enzyme behave poorly or have low activity in the parasite. In this work, we used symmetrical diarylideneketones derived from structures with trypanosomicidal activity. We obtained an enzymatic inhibitor with an IC50 value of 86 nm without inhibition effects on the mammalian enzyme. These molecules also affected cruzipain, another essential proteolytic enzyme of the parasite. This dual activity is important to avoid resistance problems. The compounds were studied in vitro against the epimastigote form of the parasite, and nonspecific toxicity to mammalian cells was also evaluated. As a proof of concept, three of the best derivatives were also assayed in vivo. Some of these derivatives showed higher in vitro trypanosomicidal activity than the reference drugs and were effective in protecting infected mice. In addition, these molecules could be obtained by a simple and economic green synthetic route, which is an important feature in the research and development of future drugs for neglected diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Aguilera
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Javier Varela
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Estefanía Birriel
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Elva Serna
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, 2511, Paraguay
| | - Susana Torres
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, 2511, Paraguay
| | - Gloria Yaluff
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, 2511, Paraguay
| | - Ninfa Vera de Bilbao
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, 2511, Paraguay
| | - Beatriz Aguirre-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, 04510, México
| | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, 04510, México
| | - Selma Díaz Mazariegos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, 04510, México
| | - Marieta Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, 04510, México
| | - Armando Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, 04510, México
| | - Ruy Pérez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, 04510, México
| | - Lucia Minini
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Alicia Merlino
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay.,Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Mercedes González
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Guzmán Alvarez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay. .,Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Rute 3 km 363, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Couto M, Sánchez C, Dávila B, Machín V, Varela J, Álvarez G, Cabrera M, Celano L, Aguirre-López B, Cabrera N, Tuena de Gómez-Puyou M, Gómez-Puyou A, Pérez-Montfort R, Cerecetto H, González M. 3-H-[1,2]Dithiole as a New Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Chemotype: Biological and Mechanism of Action Studies. Molecules 2015; 20:14595-610. [PMID: 26274947 PMCID: PMC6332334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pharmacological Chagas disease treatments, using Nifurtimox or Benznidazole, show limited therapeutic results and are associated with potential side effects, like mutagenicity. Using random screening we have identified new chemotypes that were able to inhibit relevant targets of the Trypanosoma cruzi. We found 3H-[1,2]dithioles with the ability to inhibit Trypanosoma cruzi triosephosphate isomerase (TcTIM). Herein, we studied the structural modifications of this chemotype to analyze the influence of volume, lipophilicity and electronic properties in the anti-T. cruzi activity. Their selectivity to parasites vs. mammalian cells was also examined. To get insights into a possible mechanism of action, the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of TcTIM and cruzipain, using the isolated enzymes, and the inhibition of membrane sterol biosynthesis and excreted metabolites, using the whole parasite, were achieved. We found that this structural framework is interesting for the generation of innovative drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Couto
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mails: (M.C.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (V.M.); (J.V.); (G.Á.); (M.C.)
| | - Carina Sánchez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mails: (M.C.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (V.M.); (J.V.); (G.Á.); (M.C.)
| | - Belén Dávila
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mails: (M.C.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (V.M.); (J.V.); (G.Á.); (M.C.)
| | - Valentina Machín
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mails: (M.C.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (V.M.); (J.V.); (G.Á.); (M.C.)
| | - Javier Varela
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mails: (M.C.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (V.M.); (J.V.); (G.Á.); (M.C.)
| | - Guzmán Álvarez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mails: (M.C.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (V.M.); (J.V.); (G.Á.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauricio Cabrera
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mails: (M.C.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (V.M.); (J.V.); (G.Á.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Celano
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mail:
| | - Beatriz Aguirre-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (B.A.-L.); (N.C.); (M.T.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (R.P.-M.)
| | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (B.A.-L.); (N.C.); (M.T.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (R.P.-M.)
| | - Marieta Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (B.A.-L.); (N.C.); (M.T.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (R.P.-M.)
| | - Armando Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (B.A.-L.); (N.C.); (M.T.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (R.P.-M.)
| | - Ruy Pérez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (B.A.-L.); (N.C.); (M.T.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (R.P.-M.)
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mails: (M.C.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (V.M.); (J.V.); (G.Á.); (M.C.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: or (H.C.); or (M.G.); Tel.: +598-2525-8618 (H.C. & M.G.); Fax: +598-2525-0749 (H.C. & M.G.)
| | - Mercedes González
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay; E-Mails: (M.C.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (V.M.); (J.V.); (G.Á.); (M.C.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: or (H.C.); or (M.G.); Tel.: +598-2525-8618 (H.C. & M.G.); Fax: +598-2525-0749 (H.C. & M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Álvarez G, Martínez J, Varela J, Birriel E, Cruces E, Gabay M, Leal SM, Escobar P, Aguirre-López B, Cabrera N, Tuena de Gómez-Puyou M, Gómez Puyou A, Pérez-Montfort R, Yaluff G, Torres S, Serna E, Vera de Bilbao N, González M, Cerecetto H. Development of bis-thiazoles as inhibitors of triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Identification of new non-mutagenic agents that are active in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 100:246-56. [PMID: 26094151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The neglected disease American trypanosomiasis is one of the major health problems in Latin America. Triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTIM), the etiologic agent of this disease, has been proposed as a druggable target. Some bis-benzothiazoles have been described as irreversible inhibitors of this enzyme. On the other hand, new bioactive furane-containing thiazoles have been described as excellent in vivo anti-T. cruzi agents. This encouraged us to design and develop new bis-thiazoles with potential use as drugs for American trypanosomiasis. The bis-thiazol 5, 3,3'-allyl-2,2'-bis[3-(2-furyl)-2-propenylidenehydrazono]-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-4,4'-bisthiazole, showed the best in vitro anti-T. cruzi profile with a higher selectivity index than the reference drugs Nifurtimox and Benznidazole against amastigote form of the parasite. This derivative displayed marginal activity against TcTIM however the bis-thiazol 14, 3-allyl-2-[3-(2-furyl)-2-propenylidenehydrazono]-3'-phenyl-2'-(3-phenyl-2-propenylidenehydrazono]-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-4,4'-bisthiazole, was an excellent inhibitor of the enzyme of the parasite. The absence of both in vitro mutagenic and in vivo toxicity effects, together with the activity of bis-thiazol 5in vivo, suggests that this compound is a promising anti-T. cruzi agent surpassing the "hit-to-lead" stage in the drug development process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Álvarez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jennyfer Martínez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Varela
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Estefania Birriel
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eugenia Cruces
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Gabay
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sandra M Leal
- Centro de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Patricia Escobar
- Centro de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Aguirre-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Marietta Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Armando Gómez Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Ruy Pérez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Gloria Yaluff
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Susana Torres
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Elva Serna
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Ninfa Vera de Bilbao
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Mercedes González
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hernández-Alcántara G, Torres-Larios A, Enríquez-Flores S, García-Torres I, Castillo-Villanueva A, Méndez ST, de la Mora-de la Mora I, Gómez-Manzo S, Torres-Arroyo A, López-Velázquez G, Reyes-Vivas H, Oria-Hernández J. Structural and functional perturbation of Giardia lamblia triosephosphate isomerase by modification of a non-catalytic, non-conserved region. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69031. [PMID: 23894402 PMCID: PMC3718800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously proposed triosephosphate isomerase of Giardia lamblia (GlTIM) as a target for rational drug design against giardiasis, one of the most common parasitic infections in humans. Since the enzyme exists in the parasite and the host, selective inhibition is a major challenge because essential regions that could be considered molecular targets are highly conserved. Previous biochemical evidence showed that chemical modification of the non-conserved non-catalytic cysteine 222 (C222) inactivates specifically GlTIM. The inactivation correlates with the physicochemical properties of the modifying agent: addition of a non-polar, small chemical group at C222 reduces the enzyme activity by one half, whereas negatively charged, large chemical groups cause full inactivation. RESULTS In this work we used mutagenesis to extend our understanding of the functional and structural effects triggered by modification of C222. To this end, six GlTIM C222 mutants with side chains having diverse physicochemical characteristics were characterized. We found that the polarity, charge and volume of the side chain in the mutant amino acid differentially alter the activity, the affinity, the stability and the structure of the enzyme. The data show that mutagenesis of C222 mimics the effects of chemical modification. The crystallographic structure of C222D GlTIM shows the disruptive effects of introducing a negative charge at position 222: the mutation perturbs loop 7, a region of the enzyme whose interactions with the catalytic loop 6 are essential for TIM stability, ligand binding and catalysis. The amino acid sequence of TIM in phylogenetic diverse groups indicates that C222 and its surrounding residues are poorly conserved, supporting the proposal that this region is a good target for specific drug design. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that it is possible to inhibit species-specifically a ubiquitous, structurally highly conserved enzyme by modification of a non-conserved, non-catalytic residue through long-range perturbation of essential regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Hernández-Alcántara
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Enríquez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzhel García-Torres
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Castillo-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara T. Méndez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Torres-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Reyes-Vivas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail: (JOH); (HRV)
| | - Jesús Oria-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail: (JOH); (HRV)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alvarez G, Martínez J, Aguirre-López B, Cabrera N, Pérez-Díaz L, Gómez-Puyou MTD, Gómez-Puyou A, Pérez-Montfort R, Garat B, Merlino A, González M, Cerecetto H. New chemotypes as Trypanosoma cruzi triosephosphate isomerase inhibitors: a deeper insight into the mechanism of inhibition. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:198-204. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.765415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Alvarez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República
MontevideoUruguay
| | - Jennyfer Martínez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República
MontevideoUruguay
| | - Beatriz Aguirre-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Mexico DF.Mexico
| | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Mexico DF.Mexico
| | - Leticia Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República
MontevideoUruguay
| | - Marietta Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Mexico DF.Mexico
| | - Armando Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Mexico DF.Mexico
| | - Ruy Pérez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Mexico DF.Mexico
| | - Beatriz Garat
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República
MontevideoUruguay
| | - Alicia Merlino
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República
MontevideoUruguay
| | - Mercedes González
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República
MontevideoUruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República
MontevideoUruguay
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saramago L, Franceschi M, Logullo C, Masuda A, Vaz IDS, Farias SE, Moraes J. Inhibition of enzyme activity of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus triosephosphate isomerase and BME26 cell growth by monoclonal antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202941 PMCID: PMC3497315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we produced two monoclonal antibodies (BrBm37 and BrBm38) and tested their action against the triosephosphate isomerase of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (RmTIM). These antibodies recognize epitopes on both the native and recombinant forms of the protein. rRmTIM inhibition by BrBm37 was up to 85% whereas that of BrBrm38 was 98%, depending on the antibody-enzyme ratio. RmTIM activity was lower in ovarian, gut, and fat body tissue extracts treated with BrBm37 or BrBm38 mAbs. The proliferation of the embryonic tick cell line (BME26) was inhibited by BrBm37 and BrBm38 mAbs. In summary, the results reveal that it is possible to interfere with the RmTIM function using antibodies, even in intact cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Saramago
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Hatisaburo Masuda, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, NUPEM - UFRJ/Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto 764, São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ, CEP 27971-550, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Mariana Franceschi
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.F.); (A.M.); (I.S.V.); (S.E.F.)
| | - Carlos Logullo
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Function of Proteins and Peptides, Animal Experimentation Unit, CBB–UENF, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP 28015-620, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Aoi Masuda
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.F.); (A.M.); (I.S.V.); (S.E.F.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.F.); (A.M.); (I.S.V.); (S.E.F.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Sandra Estrazulas Farias
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.F.); (A.M.); (I.S.V.); (S.E.F.)
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moraes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Hatisaburo Masuda, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, NUPEM - UFRJ/Macaé, Av. São José do Barreto 764, São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ, CEP 27971-550, Brazil; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-22-2759-3431; Fax: +55-22-3399-3900
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kushawaha PK, Gupta R, Tripathi CDP, Khare P, Jaiswal AK, Sundar S, Dube A. Leishmania donovani triose phosphate isomerase: a potential vaccine target against visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45766. [PMID: 23049855 PMCID: PMC3454378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important parasitic diseases with approximately 350 million people at risk. Due to the non availability of an ideal drug, development of a safe, effective, and affordable vaccine could be a solution for control and prevention of this disease. In this study, a potential Th1 stimulatory protein- Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), a glycolytic enzyme, identified through proteomics from a fraction of Leishmania donovani soluble antigen ranging from 89.9–97.1 kDa, was assessed for its potential as a suitable vaccine candidate. The protein- L. donovani TPI (LdTPI) was cloned, expressed and purified which exhibited the homology of 99% with L. infantum TPI. The rLdTPI was further evaluated for its immunogenicity by lymphoproliferative response (LTT), nitric oxide (NO) production and estimation of cytokines in cured Leishmania patients/hamster. It elicited strong LTT response in cured patients as well as NO production in cured hamsters and stimulated remarkable Th1-type cellular responses including IFN-ã and IL-12 with extremely lower level of IL-10 in Leishmania-infected cured/exposed patients PBMCs in vitro. Vaccination with LdTPI-DNA construct protected naive golden hamsters from virulent L. donovani challenge unambiguously (∼90%). The vaccinated hamsters demonstrated a surge in IFN-ã, TNF-á and IL-12 levels but extreme down-regulation of IL-10 and IL-4 along with profound delayed type hypersensitivity and increased levels of Leishmania-specific IgG2 antibody. Thus, the results are suggestive of the protein having the potential of a strong candidate vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reema Gupta
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Prashant Khare
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anil Kumar Jaiswal
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Benaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anuradha Dube
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alvarez G, Aguirre-López B, Cabrera N, Marins EB, Tinoco L, Batthyány CI, de Gómez-Puyou MT, Puyou AG, Pérez-Montfort R, Cerecetto H, González M. 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5(4H)-ones: a new class of selective inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi triosephosphate isomerase. Study of the mechanism of inhibition. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:981-9. [PMID: 22803666 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.700928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a ubiquitous enzyme that has been targeted for the discovery of small molecular weight compounds with potential use against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. We have identified a new selective inhibitor chemotype of TIM from T. cruzi (TcTIM), 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5(4H)-one. OBJECTIVE Study the mechanism of TcTIM inhibition by a 1,2,4-thiadiazol derivative. METHODS We performed the biochemical characterization of the interaction of the 1,2,4-thiadiazol derivative with the wild-type and mutant TcTIMs, using DOSY-NMR and MS experiments. Studies of T. cruzi growth inhibition were additionally carried out. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION At low micromolar concentrations, the compound induces highly selective irreversible inactivation of TcTIM through non-covalent binding. Our studies indicate that it interferes with the association of the two monomers of the dimeric enzyme. We also show that it inhibits T. cruzi growth in culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Alvarez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República , Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Costa EP, Campos E, de Andrade CP, Façanha AR, Saramago L, Masuda A, da Silva Vaz I, Fernandez JH, Moraes J, Logullo C. Partial characterization of an atypical family I inorganic pyrophosphatase from cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Vet Parasitol 2012; 184:238-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
27
|
Kumar K, Bhargava P, Roy U. Cloning, overexpression and characterization of Leishmania donovani triosephosphate isomerase. Exp Parasitol 2012; 130:430-6. [PMID: 22342510 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a major enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, which catalyzes the interconversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Here, we report cloning, expression and purification of a catalytically active recombinant TIM of Leishmania donovani (LdTIM). The recombinant LdTIM had a pH optimum in the range of 7.2-9.0, found stable at 25°C for 30 min and K(m) and V(max) for the substrate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was 0.328±0.02mM and 10.05mM/min/mg, respectively. The cysteine-reactive agent methylmethane thiosulphonate (MMTS) was used as probe, in order to test its effect on enzyme activity. The MMTS induced 75% enzyme inactivation within 15 min at 250 μM concentration. The biochemical characterization of LdTIM described in this work is the essential step towards deeper understanding of its role in parasite survival. The purification of LdTIM in bioactive form provides important tools for further functional and structural studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Romo-Mancillas A, Téllez-Valencia A, Yépez-Mulia L, Hernández-Luis F, Hernández-Campos A, Castillo R. The design and inhibitory profile of new benzimidazole derivatives against triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi: a problem of residue motility. J Mol Graph Model 2011; 30:90-9. [PMID: 21798779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To develop a new set of compounds with inhibitory activity against the triosephosphate isomerase of Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTIM), a group of benzimidazole derivatives was studied using four different docking procedures. These docking procedures differ in the number and type of mobile residues considered in the analysis. As a result of this methodology, a clustered analysis of plausible candidate structures was produced. A different set of previously synthesized compounds was used to validate this analysis. The validation showed that the best results correspond to the docking procedure in which the residues near the hydrophobic pocket of the protein's interface were considered mobile. A binding site for the best candidates was identified. Residues Tyr103, Glu105 and Lys113, among others, are important for the binding of this kind of compound. Residue Tyr103 is different in the human TIM, thus establishing a key feature for the future design of selective inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romo-Mancillas
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moraes J, Arreola R, Cabrera N, Saramago L, Freitas D, Masuda A, da Silva Vaz I, Tuena de Gomez-Puyou M, Perez-Montfort R, Gomez-Puyou A, Logullo C. Structural and biochemical characterization of a recombinant triosephosphate isomerase from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 41:400-409. [PMID: 21396445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is an enzyme with a role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by catalyzing the interconversion between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. This enzyme has been used as a target in endoparasite drug development. In this work we cloned, expressed, purified and studied kinetic and structural characteristics of TIM from tick embryos, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (BmTIM). The Km and Vmax of the recombinant BmTIM with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate as substrate, were 0.47 mM and 6031 μmol min⁻¹ mg protein⁻¹, respectively. The resolution of the diffracted crystal was estimated to be 2.4 Å and the overall data showed that BmTIM is similar to other reported dimeric TIMs. However, we found that, in comparison to other TIMs, BmTIM has the highest content of cysteine residues (nine cysteine residues per monomer). Only two cysteines could make disulfide bonds in monomers of BmTIM. Furthermore, BmTIM was highly sensitive to the action of the thiol reagents dithionitrobenzoic acid and methyl methane thiosulfonate, suggesting that there are five cysteines exposed in each dimer and that these residues could be employed in the development of species-specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moraes
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos and Unidade de Experimentação Animal-RJ, CBB, UENF, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP 28015-620, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
García-Torres I, Cabrera N, Torres-Larios A, Rodríguez-Bolaños M, Díaz-Mazariegos S, Gómez-Puyou A, Perez-Montfort R. Identification of amino acids that account for long-range interactions in two triosephosphate isomerases from pathogenic trypanosomes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18791. [PMID: 21533154 PMCID: PMC3078909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For a better comprehension of the structure-function relationship in proteins it is necessary to identify the amino acids that are relevant for measurable protein functions. Because of the numerous contacts that amino acids establish within proteins and the cooperative nature of their interactions, it is difficult to achieve this goal. Thus, the study of protein-ligand interactions is usually focused on local environmental structural differences. Here, using a pair of triosephosphate isomerase enzymes with extremely high homology from two different organisms, we demonstrate that the control of a seventy-fold difference in reactivity of the interface cysteine is located in several amino acids from two structurally unrelated regions that do not contact the cysteine sensitive to the sulfhydryl reagent methylmethane sulfonate, nor the residues in its immediate vicinity. The change in reactivity is due to an increase in the apparent pKa of the interface cysteine produced by the mutated residues. Our work, which involved grafting systematically portions of one protein into the other protein, revealed unsuspected and multisite long-range interactions that modulate the properties of the interface cysteines and has general implications for future studies on protein structure-function relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itzhel García-Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, Mexico
| | - Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, Mexico
| | - Mónica Rodríguez-Bolaños
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, Mexico
| | - Selma Díaz-Mazariegos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, Mexico
| | - Armando Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, Mexico
| | - Ruy Perez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Banerjee M, Balaram H, Joshi NV, Balaram P. Engineered dimer interface mutants of triosephosphate isomerase: the role of inter-subunit interactions in enzyme function and stability. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:463-72. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
32
|
The adaptive evolution divergence of triosephosphate isomerases between parasitic and free-living flatworms and the discovery of a potential universal target against flatworm parasites. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:283-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
33
|
Massive screening yields novel and selective Trypanosoma cruzi triosephosphate isomerase dimer-interface-irreversible inhibitors with anti-trypanosomal activity. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5767-72. [PMID: 20889239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTIM), an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway that exhibits high catalytic rates of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate- and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate-isomerization only in its dimeric form, was screened against an in-house chemical library containing nearly 230 compounds belonging to different chemotypes. After secondary screening, twenty-six compounds from eight different chemotypes were identified as screening positives. Four compounds displayed selectivity for TcTIM over TIM from Homo sapiens and, concomitantly, in vitro activity against T. cruzi.
Collapse
|
34
|
Gayosso-De-Lucio J, Torres-Valencia M, Rojo-Domínguez A, Nájera-Peña H, Aguirre-López B, Salas-Pacheco J, Avitia-Domínguez C, Téllez-Valencia A. Selective inactivation of triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi by brevifolin carboxylate derivatives isolated from Geranium bellum Rose. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5936-9. [PMID: 19733070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the search of molecules that can serve as leads in the design of a new drug for the treatment of Chagas' disease, we found that some brevifolin carboxylate derivatives isolated from Geranium bellum Rose, inactivate triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTIM) in a species-specific manner. After spectroscopic characterization, these compounds were identified as methylbrevifolin carboxylate (1), ethylbrevifolin carboxylate (2), butylbrevifolin carboxylate (3) and the methylated derivate methyl tri-O-methylbrevifolin carboxylate (4). The concentrations required to inactivate fifty percent the activity of TcTIM were 6.5, 8 and 14 microM of 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while compound 4 had no inhibitory effect. Molecular docking simulations of 1 on the structure of TcTIM showed that residues of both monomers interact with the compound. These compounds are very selective with respect to the parasite enzyme, since they showed no effect on the activity of human TIM at concentrations as high as 1mM. In conclusion, the brevifolin carboxylate derivatives described here are excellent leads in the search of a new chemotherapy for the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gayosso-De-Lucio
- Area Académica de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Exhacienda La Concepción, Tilcuautla, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Banerjee M, Balaram H, Balaram P. Structural effects of a dimer interface mutation on catalytic activity of triosephosphate isomerase. The role of conserved residues and complementary mutations. FEBS J 2009; 276:4169-83. [PMID: 19583769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The active site of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM, EC: 5.3.1.1), a dimeric enzyme, lies very close to the subunit interface. Attempts to engineer monomeric enzymes have yielded well-folded proteins with dramatically reduced activity. The role of dimer interface residues in the stability and activity of the Plasmodium falciparum enzyme, PfTIM, has been probed by analysis of mutational effects at residue 74. The PfTIM triple mutant W11F/W168F/Y74W (Y74W*) has been shown to dissociate at low protein concentrations, and exhibits considerably reduced stability in the presence of denaturants, urea and guanidinium chloride. The Y74W* mutant exhibits concentration-dependent activity, with an approximately 22-fold enhancement of k(cat) over a concentration range of 2.5-40 microM, suggesting that dimerization is obligatory for enzyme activity. The Y74W* mutant shows an approximately 20-fold reduction in activity compared to the control enzyme (PfTIM WT*, W11F/W168F). Careful inspection of the available crystal structures of the enzyme, together with 412 unique protein sequences, revealed the importance of conserved residues in the vicinity of the active site that serve to position the functional K12 residue. The network of key interactions spans the interacting subunits. The Y74W* mutation can perturb orientations of the active site residues, due to steric clashes with proximal aromatic residues in PfTIM. The available crystal structures of the enzyme from Giardia lamblia, which contains a Trp residue at the structurally equivalent position, establishes the need for complementary mutations and maintenance of weak interactions in order to accommodate the bulky side chain and preserve active site integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Banerjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Devenish SRA, Gerrard JA. The role of quaternary structure in (β/α)8-barrel proteins: evolutionary happenstance or a higher level of structure-function relationships? Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:833-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b818251p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
Costas M, Rodríguez-Larrea D, De Maria L, Borchert TV, Gómez-Puyou A, Sanchez-Ruiz JM. Between-species variation in the kinetic stability of TIM proteins linked to solvation-barrier free energies. J Mol Biol 2008; 385:924-37. [PMID: 18992756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical, computational, and experimental studies have suggested the existence of solvation barriers in protein unfolding and denaturation processes. These barriers are related to the finite size of water molecules and can be envisioned as arising from the asynchrony between water penetration and breakup of internal interactions. Solvation barriers have been proposed to play roles in protein cooperativity and kinetic stability; therefore, they may be expected to be subject to natural selection. We study the thermal denaturation, in the presence and in the absence of chemical denaturants, of triosephosphate isomerases (TIMs) from three different species: Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, and Leishmania mexicana. In all cases, denaturation was irreversible and kinetically controlled. Surprisingly, however, we found large differences between the kinetic denaturation parameters, with T. cruzi TIM showing a much larger activation energy value (and, consequently, much lower room-temperature, extrapolated denaturation rates). This disparity cannot be accounted for by variations in the degree of exposure to solvent in transition states (as measured by kinetic urea m values) and is, therefore, to be attributed mainly to differences in solvation-barrier contributions. This was supported by structure-energetics analyses of the transition states and by application of a novel procedure to estimate from experimental data the solvation-barrier impact at the entropy and free-energy levels. These analyses were actually performed with an extended protein set (including six small proteins plus seven variants of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus and spanning a wide range of activation parameters), allowing us to delineate the general trends of the solvation-barrier contributions. Overall, this work supports that proteins sharing the same structure and function but belonging to different organisms may show widely different solvation barriers, possibly as a result of different levels of the selection pressure associated with cooperativity, kinetic stability, and related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Costas
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd Universitaria, México DF 04510, México.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cabrera N, Hernández-Alcántara G, Mendoza-Hernández G, Gómez-Puyou A, Perez-Montfort R. Key Residues of Loop 3 in the Interaction with the Interface Residue at Position 14 in Triosephosphate Isomerase from Trypanosoma brucei. Biochemistry 2008; 47:3499-506. [DOI: 10.1021/bi702439r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nallely Cabrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70242, 04510 México DF, Mexico, Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 México DF, Mexico, and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México DF, Mexico
| | - Gloria Hernández-Alcántara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70242, 04510 México DF, Mexico, Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 México DF, Mexico, and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México DF, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70242, 04510 México DF, Mexico, Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 México DF, Mexico, and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México DF, Mexico
| | - Armando Gómez-Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70242, 04510 México DF, Mexico, Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 México DF, Mexico, and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México DF, Mexico
| | - Ruy Perez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70242, 04510 México DF, Mexico, Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 México DF, Mexico, and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México DF, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Enriquez-Flores S, Rodriguez-Romero A, Hernandez-Alcantara G, De la Mora-De la Mora I, Gutierrez-Castrellon P, Carvajal K, Lopez-Velazquez G, Reyes-Vivas H. Species-specific inhibition of Giardia lamblia triosephosphate isomerase by localized perturbation of the homodimer. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2007; 157:179-86. [PMID: 18077010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia depends on glycolysis to obtain ATP, highlighting the suitability of glycolytic enzymes as targets for drug design. We studied triosephosphate isomerase from G. lamblia (GlTIM) as a potential species-specific drug target. Cysteine-reactive agents were used as probes, in order to test those regions near to cysteine residues as targets to perturb enzyme structure and activity. Methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS) derivatized three of the five Cys per subunit of dimeric GlTIM and induced 50% of inactivation. The 2-carboxyethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSCE) modified four Cys and induced 97% of inactivation. Inactivation by MMTS or MTSCE did not affect secondary structure, nor induce dimer dissociation; however, Cys modification decreased thermal stability of enzyme. Inactivation and dissociation of the dimer to stable monomers were reached when four Cys were derivatized by 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). The effects of DTNB were completely abolished when GlTIM was first treated with MMTS. The effect of thiol reagents on human TIM was also assayed; it is 180-fold less sensitive than GlTIM. Collectively, the data illustrate GlTIM as a good target for drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Enriquez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética y Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 México, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reyes-Vivas H, Diaz A, Peon J, Mendoza-Hernandez G, Hernandez-Alcantara G, De la Mora-De la Mora I, Enriquez-Flores S, Dominguez-Ramirez L, Lopez-Velazquez G. Disulfide bridges in the mesophilic triosephosphate isomerase from Giardia lamblia are related to oligomerization and activity. J Mol Biol 2006; 365:752-63. [PMID: 17095008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase from the mesophile Giardia lamblia (GlTIM) is the only known TIM with natural disulfide bridges. We previously found that oxidized and reduced thiol states of GlTIM are involved in the interconversion between native dimers and higher oligomeric species, and in the regulation of enzymatic activity. Here, we found that trophozoites and cysts have different oligomeric species of GlTIM and complexes of GlTIM with other proteins. Our data indicate that the internal milieu of G. lamblia is favorable for the formation of disulfide bonds. Enzyme mutants of the three most solvent exposed Cys of GlTIM (C202A, C222A, and C228A) were prepared to ascertain their contribution to oligomerization and activity. The data show that the establishment of a disulfide bridge between two C202 of two dimeric GlTIMs accounts for multimerization. In addition, we found that the establishment of an intramonomeric disulfide bond between C222 and C228 abolishes catalysis. Multimerization and inactivation are both reversed by reducing conditions. The 3D structure of the C202A GlTIM was solved at 2.1 A resolution, showing that the environment of the C202 is prone to hydrophobic interactions. Molecular dynamics of an in silico model of GlTIM when the intramonomeric disulfide bond is formed, showed that S216 is displaced 4.6 A from its original position, causing loss of hydrogen bonds with residues of the active-site loop. This suggests that this change perturb the conformational state that aligns the catalytic center with the substrate, inducing enzyme inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Reyes-Vivas
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica Genetica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, 04530 Mexico, D.F
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mathur D, Malik G, Garg LC. Biochemical and functional characterization of triosephosphate isomerase fromMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 263:229-35. [PMID: 16978361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), one of the key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, is an attractive drug target against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as glycolysis provides the majority of the organism's energy requirements inside macrophages. To carry out biochemical and biophysical characterization, purified recombinant M. tuberculosis TPI produced in Escherichia coli was used. Mass spectrum analysis showed M. tuberculosis rTPI to be of 28 213 Da. The biologically active enzyme is a homodimer as determined by gel filtration chromatography. The M. tuberculosis TPI had a pH optimum in the range of 6-8 and a temperature optimum around 37 degrees C. Circular dichroism spectra analysis revealed that loss of secondary structure of rTPI occurs around 60 degrees C. Metal cations were not required for M. tuberculosis TPI activity. The k(cat) was 4.1 x 10(6) min(-1). Importantly, the apparent K(m) value of M. tuberculosis rTPI for the substrate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is 84 microM which is sevenfold higher than the value reported for human TPI. The difference in K(m) is indicative of the difference in the active site of the human and M. tuberculosis TPI, which can be exploited for drug designing specifically targeting M. tuberculosis TPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mathur
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fonvielle M, Mariano S, Therisod M. New inhibitors of rabbit muscle triose-phosphate isomerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2906-9. [PMID: 15911278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and evaluation of three new competitive inhibitors of triose-phosphate isomerase. One of them (phosphoglycoloamidoxime: K(i) = 4.5 microM) is among the best reversible inhibitors so far reported for this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fonvielle
- LCBB, ICMMO, Bat. 420, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Espinoza-Fonseca LM, Trujillo-Ferrara JG. Structural considerations for the rational design of selective anti-trypanosomal agents: the role of the aromatic clusters at the interface of triosephosphate isomerase dimer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 328:922-8. [PMID: 15707966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seven benzothiazoles were successfully docked into the interface of both human and trypanosomal triosephosphate isomerases, and the binding free energies of each complex were calculated using the program AutoDock. Structural and energetical analysis of the complexes showed that large benzothiazoles could form more stable complexes with trypanosomal triosephosphate isomerase than with human triosephosphate isomerase. Thus, we hypothesize that the distribution of the residues forming the aromatic clusters at the enzyme's interface and the size of the inhibitors might play a crucial role in the selective inhibition of TcTIM. Following the findings here presented, it is possible to better determine the structural elements involved in the origin of the selectivity at the trypanosomal triosephosphate isomerase interface, and to enable efficient anti-trypanosomal drug design strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Michel Espinoza-Fonseca
- Department of Physical Chemistry, FNS, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Téllez-Valencia A, Olivares-Illana V, Hernández-Santoyo A, Pérez-Montfort R, Costas M, Rodríguez-Romero A, López-Calahorra F, Tuena De Gómez-Puyou M, Gómez-Puyou A. Inactivation of triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi by an agent that perturbs its dimer interface. J Mol Biol 2004; 341:1355-65. [PMID: 15321726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2004] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We characterized by crystallographic, calorimetric and biochemical methods the action of a low molecular weight compound, 3-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-1-propanesulfonic acid (compound 8) that binds to the dimer interface of triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTIM) and thereby abolishes its function with a high level of selectivity. The kinetics of TcTIM inactivation by the agent and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments showed that the binding of two molecules of the compound per enzyme is needed for inactivation. The binding of the first molecule is endothermic, and that of the second exothermic. Crystals of TcTIM in complex with one molecule of the inactivating agent that diffracted to a resolution of 2A were obtained. The compound is at the dimer interface at less than 4A from residues of the two subunits. Compound 8 is more effective at low than at high protein concentrations, indicating that it perturbs the association between the two TcTIM monomers. Calorimetric and kinetic data of experiments in which TcTIM was added to a solution of the inactivating agent showed that at low concentrations of the compound, inactivation is limited by binding, whereas at high concentrations of the agent, the events that follow binding become rate-limiting. The portion of the interface of TcTIM that binds the benzothiazole derivative and its equivalent region in human TIM differs in amino acid composition and hydrophobic packing. Thus, we show that by focusing on protein-protein interfaces, it is possible to discover low molecular weight compounds that are selective for enzymes from parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Téllez-Valencia
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., 04510 México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Goh LL, Sim TS. Homology modeling and mutagenesis analyses of Plasmodium falciparum falcipain 2A: implications for rational drug design. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:565-72. [PMID: 15369788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The hemoglobin-degrading cysteine proteases falcipains of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are regarded as potential drug targets. Despite their obvious importance in the virulence of malaria, these proteases remain poorly characterized at the structural levels. Using a bioinformatic and site-directed mutagenesis approach, residues essential for the structure and function of FP2A are elucidated in this study. In total, nine mutants of FP2A were constructed to test the proposed importance of seven different amino acid residues. These recombinant protease mutants were solubly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography for enzymatic assessments. Notably, substitutions at positions C99 and C119 induce structural alterations and led to significant reduction in enzyme activity (>97%). The analyses also validated the role of the active triad comprising of C42, H174, and N204 in catalysis and identified a serine at position 149 which is required for specific peptide substrate interactions. The parasite-specific residues, C99, C119, and S149, represent potential sites for differential targeting, since the corresponding residues are absent in the human host's isozymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuh Ling Goh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD4A, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mahato S, De D, Dutta D, Kundu M, Bhattacharya S, Schiavone MT, Bhattacharya SK. Potential use of sugar binding proteins in reactors for regeneration of CO2 fixation acceptor D-Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. Microb Cell Fact 2004; 3:7. [PMID: 15175111 PMCID: PMC421735 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar binding proteins and binders of intermediate sugar metabolites derived from microbes are increasingly being used as reagents in new and expanding areas of biotechnology. The fixation of carbon dioxide at emission source has recently emerged as a technology with potentially significant implications for environmental biotechnology. Carbon dioxide is fixed onto a five carbon sugar D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. We present a review of enzymatic and non-enzymatic binding proteins, for 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA), 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (3PGAL), dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), xylulose-5-phosphate (X5P) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) which could be potentially used in reactors regenerating RuBP from 3PGA. A series of reactors combined in a linear fashion has been previously shown to convert 3-PGA, (the product of fixed CO2 on RuBP as starting material) into RuBP (Bhattacharya et al., 2004; Bhattacharya, 2001). This was the basis for designing reactors harboring enzyme complexes/mixtures instead of linear combination of single-enzyme reactors for conversion of 3PGA into RuBP. Specific sugars in such enzyme-complex harboring reactors requires removal at key steps and fed to different reactors necessitating reversible sugar binders. In this review we present an account of existing microbial sugar binding proteins and their potential utility in these operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mahato
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | - Debojyoti De
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | - Debajyoti Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | - Moloy Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumana Bhattacharya
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, ABRD Company LLC, 1555 Wood Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44121, USA
| | - Marc T Schiavone
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, ABRD Company LLC, 1555 Wood Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44121, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Area I31, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jiménez L, Fernández-Velasco DA, Willms K, Landa A. A comparative study of biochemical and immunological properties of triosephosphate isomerase from Taenia solium and Sus scrofa. J Parasitol 2003; 89:209-14. [PMID: 12760631 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0209:acsoba]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We produced the Taenia solium triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) in Escherichia coli and compared its biochemical and immunological properties with those of the commercial TPI from Sus scrofa. Taenia solium TPI is a homodimer composed of two 27-kDa monomers, with a specific activity of 5,683 U/mg and a Km value of 0.758, and S. scrofa TPI is also dimeric with similar monomeric molecular weight, specific activity of 4,227 U/mg, and a Km value of 0.51. The catalytic parameters for the isomerization of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, affinity between TPI monomers, and kinetic thermal denaturation and inactivation were similar for both enzymes. Anti-T. solium TPI antibodies cross-react weakly with Schistosoma mansoni TPI but do not cross-react with S. scrofa, human, or protozoan TPIs. These antibodies inhibited T. solium TPI activity but did not affect S. scrofa enzymatic activity. Immunizations with 1 microg of the T. solium TPI reduced 52% of cysticerci in a mouse-Taenia crassiceps model 1 mo after challenge. Our findings show that T. solium and S. scrofa TPIs possess similar biochemical and enzymatic properties but do not share immunological properties because anti-T. solium TPI antibodies did not recognize S. scrofa TPI. Inhibition of enzyme activity by anti-TPI antibodies suggests that they can be used as inhibitors of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2 Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, México
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rodríguez-Romero A, Hernández-Santoyo A, del Pozo Yauner L, Kornhauser A, Fernández-Velasco DA. Structure and inactivation of triosephosphate isomerase from Entamoeba histolytica. J Mol Biol 2002; 322:669-75. [PMID: 12270704 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) has been proposed as a target for drug design. TIMs from several parasites have a cysteine residue at the dimer interface, whose derivatization with thiol-specific reagents induces enzyme inactivation and aggregation. TIMs lacking this residue, such as human TIM, are less affected. TIM from Entamoeba histolytica (EhTIM) has the interface cysteine residue and presents more than ten insertions when compared with the enzyme from other pathogens. To gain further insight into the role that interface residues play in the stability and reactivity of these enzymes, we determined the high-resolution structure and characterized the effect of methylmethane thiosulfonate (MMTS) on the activity and conformational properties of EhTIM. The structure of this enzyme was determined at 1.5A resolution using molecular replacement, observing that the dimer is not symmetric. EhTIM is completely inactivated by MMTS, and dissociated into stable monomers that possess considerable secondary structure. Structural and spectroscopic analysis of EhTIM and comparison with TIMs from other pathogens reveal that conformational rearrangements of the interface after dissociation, as well as intramonomeric contacts formed by the inserted residues, may contribute to the unusual stability of the derivatized EhTIM monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adela Rodríguez-Romero
- Laboratorio Universitario de Estructura de Proteínas and Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, DF, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Téllez-Valencia A, Avila-Ríos S, Pérez-Montfort R, Rodríguez-Romero A, Tuena de Gómez-Puyou M, López-Calahorra F, Gómez-Puyou A. Highly specific inactivation of triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 295:958-63. [PMID: 12127988 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We searched for molecules that selectively inactivate homodimeric triosephosphate isomerase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTIM), the parasite that causes Chagas' disease. We found that some benzothiazoles inactivate the enzyme. The most potent were 3-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-propanesulfonic acid, 2-(p-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole-7-sulfonic acid, and 2-(2-4(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole-6-methylbenzothiazole-7-sulfonic acid. Half-maximal inactivation by these compounds was attained with 33, 56, and 8 microM, respectively; in human TIM, half-maximal inactivation required 422 microM, 3.3 mM, and 1.6 mM. In TcTIM, the effect of the benzothiazoles decreased as the concentration of the enzyme was increased. TcTIM has a cysteine (Cys 15) at the dimer interface, whereas human TIM has methionine in that position. In M15C human TIM, the benzothiazole concentrations that caused half-maximal inactivation were much lower than in the wild type. The overall findings suggest that the benzothiazoles perturb the interactions between the two subunits of TcTIM through a process in which the interface cysteine is central in their deleterious action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Téllez-Valencia
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70242, D.F., Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Maithal K, Ravindra G, Balaram H, Balaram P. Inhibition of plasmodium falciparum triose-phosphate isomerase by chemical modification of an interface cysteine. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of differential cysteine reactivities. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:25106-14. [PMID: 12006590 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202419200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum triose-phosphate isomerase, a homodimeric enzyme, contains four cysteine residues at positions 13, 126, 196, and 217 per subunit. Among these, Cys-13 is present at the dimer interface and is replaced by methionine in the corresponding human enzyme. We have investigated the effect of sulfhydryl labeling on the parasite enzyme, with a view toward developing selective covalent inhibitors by targeting the interface cysteine residue. Differential labeling of the cysteine residues by iodoacetic acid and iodoacetamide has been followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and positions of the labels determined by analysis of tryptic fragments. The rates of labeling follows the order Cys-196 > Cys-13 Cys-217/Cys-126, which correlates well with surface accessibility calculations based on the enzyme crystal structure. Iodoacetic acid labeling leads to a soluble, largely inactive enzyme, whereas IAM labeling leads to precipitation. Carboxyl methylation of Cys-13 results in formation of monomeric species detectable by gel filtration. Studies with an engineered C13D mutant permitted elucidation of the effects of introducing a negative charge at the interface. The C13D mutant exhibits a reduced stability to denaturants and 7-fold reduction in the enzymatic activity even under the concentrations in which dimeric species are observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Maithal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|