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Ferrante F, Nania C, Duca D. Computational investigation of isoeugenol transformations on a platinum cluster – I: Direct deoxygenation to propylcyclohexane. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
Catalysis is at the core of chemistry and has been essential to make all the goods surrounding us, including fuels, coatings, plastics and other functional materials. In the near future, catalysis will also be an essential tool in making the shift from a fossil-fuel-based to a more renewable and circular society. To make this reality, we have to better understand the fundamental concept of the active site in catalysis. Here, we discuss the physical meaning - and deduce the validity and, therefore, usefulness - of some common approaches in heterogeneous catalysis, such as linking catalyst activity to a 'turnover frequency' and explaining catalytic performance in terms of 'structure sensitivity' or 'structure insensitivity'. Catalytic concepts from the fields of enzymatic and homogeneous catalysis are compared, ultimately realizing that the struggle that one encounters in defining the active site in most solid catalysts is likely the one we must overcome to reach our end goal: tailoring the precise functioning of the active sites with respect to many different parameters to satisfy our ever-growing needs. This article ends with an outlook of what may become feasible within the not-too-distant future with modern experimental and theoretical tools at hand.
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Vogt C, Meirer F, Monai M, Groeneveld E, Ferri D, van Santen RA, Nachtegaal M, Unocic RR, Frenkel AI, Weckhuysen BM. Dynamic restructuring of supported metal nanoparticles and its implications for structure insensitive catalysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7096. [PMID: 34876582 PMCID: PMC8651646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some fundamental concepts of catalysis are not fully explained but are of paramount importance for the development of improved catalysts. An example is the concept of structure insensitive reactions, where surface-normalized activity does not change with catalyst metal particle size. Here we explore this concept and its relation to surface reconstruction on a set of silica-supported Ni metal nanoparticles (mean particle sizes 1-6 nm) by spectroscopically discerning a structure sensitive (CO2 hydrogenation) from a structure insensitive (ethene hydrogenation) reaction. Using state-of-the-art techniques, inter alia in-situ STEM, and quick-X-ray absorption spectroscopy with sub-second time resolution, we have observed particle-size-dependent effects like restructuring which increases with increasing particle size, and faster restructuring for larger particle sizes during ethene hydrogenation while for CO2 no such restructuring effects were observed. Furthermore, a degree of restructuring is irreversible, and we also show that the rate of carbon diffusion on, and into nanoparticles increases with particle size. We finally show that these particle size-dependent effects induced by ethene hydrogenation, can make a structure sensitive reaction (CO2 hydrogenation), structure insensitive. We thus postulate that structure insensitive reactions are actually apparently structure insensitive, which changes our fundamental understanding of the empirical observation of structure insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vogt
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.6451.60000000121102151Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Florian Meirer
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Monai
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Groeneveld
- BASF Nederland B.V., Strijkviertel 61, 3454 PK De Meern, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ferri
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Rutger A. van Santen
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Nachtegaal
- grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Raymond R. Unocic
- grid.135519.a0000 0004 0446 2659Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA ,grid.202665.50000 0001 2188 4229Division of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Liu S, Winter LR, Chen JG. Review of Plasma-Assisted Catalysis for Selective Generation of Oxygenates from CO2 and CH4. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lea R. Winter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Deguchi T, Yamano H, Takenouchi S, Iwamoto M. Enhancement of catalytic activity of Pd-PVP colloid for direct H2O2 synthesis from H2 and O2 in water with addition of 0.5 atom% Pt or Ir. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01890h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed Pt or Ir atoms enhance H2O2 and H2O formation on Pd nano-particles leaving the H2O2 hydrogenation rate unchanged, while Ru, Rh, or Au atoms show little effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Deguchi
- Research and Development Initiative
- Chuo University
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamano
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Sho Takenouchi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Masakazu Iwamoto
- Research and Development Initiative
- Chuo University
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
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Liu H, Han W. Wüstite-based catalyst for ammonia synthesis: Structure, property and performance. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaghazchi P, Jacob T. Roughening of hcp metal surfaces induced by nitrogen adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13903-6. [PMID: 22990609 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42014g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using DFT calculations and thermodynamic considerations, the structure of Ru, Os, and Re hcp(1121) surfaces has been studied in the presence of a N(2) atmosphere. We find that N adsorption causes two-sided ridges consisting of hcp{1342} faces to form on the initially planar hcp(1121) surface. The rough hcp(1342) surface has a high density of low-coordinated atoms and is expected to show a high bond-breaking activity. Since the roughening of hcp(1121) is also favorable at elevated temperatures and pressures, it might be capable to change the activity of the hcp-catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Kaghazchi
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89069 Ulm, Germany.
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Davies PR, Bowker M. On the nature of the active site in catalysis: the reactivity of surface oxygen on Cu(110). Catal Today 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts with well shaped platinum particles to control reaction selectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:15241-6. [PMID: 18832170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805691105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal and sol-gel procedures have been used to prepare heterogeneous catalysts consisting of platinum metal particles with narrow size distributions and well defined shapes dispersed on high-surface-area silica supports. The overall procedure was developed in three stages. First, tetrahedral and cubic colloidal metal particles were prepared in solution by using a procedure derived from that reported by El-Sayed and coworkers [Ahmadi TS, Wang ZL, Green TC, Henglein A, El-Sayed MA (1996) Science 272:1924-1926]. This method allowed size and shape to be controlled independently. Next, the colloidal particles were dispersed onto high-surface-area solids. Three approaches were attempted: (i) in situ reduction of the colloidal mixture in the presence of the support, (ii) in situ sol-gel synthesis of the support in the presence of the colloidal particles, and (iii) direct impregnation of the particles onto the support. Finally, the resulting catalysts were activated and tested for the promotion of carbon-carbon double-bond cis-trans isomerization reactions in olefins. Our results indicate that the selectivity of the reaction may be controlled by using supported catalysts with appropriate metal particle shapes.
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Abstract
The technique of scanning tunnelling microscopy has revolutionised our understanding of surface chemistry, due to its ability to image at the atomic and molecular scale, the very realm at which chemistry operates. This critical review focuses on its contribution to the resolution of various problems in heterogeneous catalysis, including surface structure, surface intermediates, active sites and spillover. In the article a number of images of surfaces are shown, many at atomic resolution, and the insights which these give into surface reactivity are invaluable. The article should be of interest to catalytic chemists, surface and materials scientists and those involved with nanotechnology/nanoscience. (129 references.)The graphical abstract shows the reaction between gas phase methanol and oxygen islands on Cu(110), courtesy of Philip Davies of Cardiff University. The added-row island is shown as silver-coloured spheres (copper) and red (oxygen) on the copper surface. Methanol preferentially reacts with the terminal oxygen atoms in the island forming adsorbed methoxy and OH groups. Only the terminal oxygen atoms in the island are active sites for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bowker
- Wolfson Nanoscience Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Nirmala V, Kolandaivel P. Molecular interaction of H2 and H2O molecules with the boron nitride (BN)n=3–5 clusters: A theoretical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zaera F. The surface chemistry of heterogeneous catalysis: Mechanisms, selectivity, and active sites. CHEM REC 2005; 5:133-44. [PMID: 15889409 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of chemical kinetics in defining the requirements for the active sites of heterogeneous catalysts is discussed. A personal view is presented, with specific examples from our laboratory to illustrate the role of the chemical composition, structure, and electronic properties of specific surface sites in determining reaction activity and selectivity. Manipulation of catalytic behavior via the addition of chemical modifiers and by tuning of the reaction conditions is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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Sykes ECH, Han P, Kandel SA, Kelly KF, McCarty GS, Weiss PS. Substrate-mediated interactions and intermolecular forces between molecules adsorbed on surfaces. Acc Chem Res 2003; 36:945-53. [PMID: 14674785 DOI: 10.1021/ar970286l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adsorbate interactions and reactions on metal surfaces have been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. The manners in which adsorbates perturb the surface electronic structure in their vicinity are discussed. The effects these perturbations have on other molecules are shown to be important in overlayer growth. Interactions of molecules with surface steps are addressed, and each molecule's electron affinity is shown to dictate its adsorption sites at step edges. Standing waves emanating from steps are demonstrated to effect transient molecular adsorption up to 40 A away from the step edge. Halobenzene derivatives are used to demonstrate how the surface is important in aligning reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Charles H Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Paál Z, Wild U, Schlögl R. Interaction of ethylene and hydrogen with a commercial Pd black: carbon accumulation and possible adsorbate-induced rearrangement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1039/b102561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li T, Morris KR, Park K. Influence of Solvent and Crystalline Supramolecular Structure on the Formation of Etching Patterns on Acetaminophen Single Crystals: A Study with Atomic Force Microscopy and Computer Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992967z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonglei Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1336
| | - Kenneth R. Morris
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1336
| | - Kinam Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1336
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Amor Nait Ajjou J, Rice GL, Scott SL. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Thermally Induced Alkane Eliminations from Silica-Supported Bis(alkyl)chromium(IV) and -vanadium(IV) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9831507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Amor Nait Ajjou
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Gordon L. Rice
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Susannah L. Scott
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Scott SL, Szpakowicz M, Mills A, Santini CC. Ligand Exchange and Oxidative Addition on a Silica-Supported Rhodium Complex, trans-[(⋮SiO)Rh(PMe3)2(CO)]. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973181m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susannah L. Scott
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Mikolaj Szpakowicz
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Allison Mills
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Catherine C. Santini
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Electron Microscopy of Thin-Film Model Catalysts: Activation of Alumina-Supported Rhodium Nanoparticles. J Catal 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1997.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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