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Pearce A, Redfern-Nichols T, Harris M, Poyner DR, Wigglesworth M, Ladds G. Determining the Effects of Differential Expression of GRKs and β-arrestins on CLR-RAMP Agonist Bias. Front Physiol 2022; 13:840763. [PMID: 35422711 PMCID: PMC9001978 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.840763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling of the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) is multifaceted, due to its interaction with receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs), and three endogenous peptide agonists. Previous studies have focused on the bias of G protein signalling mediated by the receptor and receptor internalisation of the CLR-RAMP complex has been assumed to follow the same pattern as other Class B1 G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). Here we sought to measure desensitisation of the three CLR-RAMP complexes in response to the three peptide agonists, through the measurement of β-arrestin recruitment and internalisation. We then delved further into the mechanism of desensitisation through modulation of β-arrestin activity and the expression of GPCR kinases (GRKs), a key component of homologous GPCR desensitisation. First, we have shown that CLR-RAMP1 is capable of potently recruiting β-arrestin1 and 2, subsequently undergoing rapid endocytosis, and that CLR-RAMP2 and -RAMP3 also utilise these pathways, although to a lesser extent. Following this we have shown that agonist-dependent internalisation of CLR is β-arrestin dependent, but not required for full agonism. Overexpression of GRK2-6 was then found to decrease receptor signalling, due to an agonist-independent reduction in surface expression of the CLR-RAMP complex. These results represent the first systematic analysis of the importance of β-arrestins and GRKs in CLR-RAMP signal transduction and pave the way for further investigation regarding other Class B1 GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pearce
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Wigglesworth
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Graham Ladds,
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Yue W, Tran HT, Wang JP, Schiermeyer K, Gildea JJ, Xu P, Felder RA. The Hypertension Related Gene G-Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 Contributes to Breast Cancer Proliferation. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2021; 15:11782234211015753. [PMID: 34103922 PMCID: PMC8145586 DOI: 10.1177/11782234211015753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical studies have shown that breast cancer risk is increased in hypertensive women. The underlying molecular mechanism remains undetermined. The current study tests our hypothesis that G protein coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) is a molecule that links hypertension and breast cancer. GRK4 plays an important role in regulation of renal sodium excretion. Sustained activation of GRK4 as in the circumstances of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) causes hypertension. Expression of GRK4 in the kidney is regulated by cMyc, an oncogene that is amplified in breast cancer. METHODS Western analysis was used to evaluate GRK4 protein expression in seven breast cancer cell lines. GRK4 gene single nucleotide polymorphism in breast cancer cell lines and in breast cancer cDNA arrays were determined using TaqMan Genotyping qPRC. The function of GRK4 was evaluated in MCF-7 cells with cMyc knock-down and GRK4 re-expression and in MDA-MB-468 cells expressing inducible GRK4 shRNA lentivirus constructs. Nuclei counting and 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) labeling were used to evaluate cell growth and proliferation. RESULTS Genotyping of GRK4 SNPs in breast cancer cDNA arrays (n = 94) revealed that the frequency of carrying two hypertension related SNPs A142 V or R65 L is threefold higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy people (P = 7.53E-11). GRK4 protein is expressed in seven breast cancer cell lines but not the benign mammary epithelial cell line, MCF-10A. Three hypertension related SNPs in the GRK4 gene were identified in the breast cancer cell lines. Except for BT20, all other breast cancer lines have 1-3 GRK4 SNPs of which A142 V occurs in all 6 lines. MDA-MB-468 cells contain homozygous A142 V and R65 L SNPs. Knocking down cMyc in MCF-7 cells significantly reduced the growth rate, which was rescued by re-expression of GRK4. We then generated three stable GRK4 knock-down MDA-MB-468 lines using inducible lentiviral shRNA vectors. Doxycycline (Dox) induced GRK4 silencing significantly reduced GRK4 mRNA and protein levels, growth rates, and proliferation. As a marker of cell proliferation, the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells decreased from 45 ± 3% in the cells without Dox to 32 ± 5% in the cells treated with 0.1 µg/mL Dox. CONCLUSIONS GRK4 acts as an independent proliferation promotor in breast cancer. Our results suggest that targeted inhibition of GRK4 could be a new therapy for both hypertension and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yue
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hanh T. Tran
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ji-ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katherine Schiermeyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John J. Gildea
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robin A. Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Serafin DS, Allyn B, Sassano MF, Timoshchenko RG, Mattox D, Brozowski JM, Siderovski DP, Truong YK, Esserman D, Tarrant TK, Billard MJ. Chemerin-activated functions of CMKLR1 are regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) and β-arrestin 2 in inflammatory macrophages. Mol Immunol 2018; 106:12-21. [PMID: 30576947 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemerin receptor (CMKLR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in macrophage-mediated inflammation and in several forms of human arthritis. Analogous to other GPCR, CMKLR1 is likely regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) phosphorylation of intracellular domains in an activation-dependent manner, which leads to recruitment and termination of intracellular signaling via desensitization and internalization of the receptor. The ubiquitously expressed GRK family members include GRK2, GRK3, GRK5, and GRK6, but it is unknown which GRK regulates CMKLR1 cellular and signaling functions. Our data show that activation of CMKLR1 by chemerin in primary macrophages leads to signaling and functional outcomes that are regulated by GRK6 and β-arrestin 2. We show that arrestin recruitment to CMKLR1 following chemerin stimulation is enhanced with co-expression of GRK6. Further, internalization of endogenous CMKLR1, following the addition of chemerin, is decreased in inflammatory macrophages from GRK6- and β-arrestin 2-deficient mice. These GRK6- and β-arrestin 2-deficient macrophages display increased migration toward chemerin and altered AKT and Extracellular-signal Related Kinase (ERK) signaling. Our findings show that chemerin-activated CMKLR1 regulation in inflammatory macrophages is largely GRK6 and β-arrestin mediated, which may impact innate immunity and have therapeutic implications in rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stephen Serafin
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Brittney Allyn
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Duke University, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Maria F Sassano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Roman G Timoshchenko
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Daniel Mattox
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Jaime M Brozowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Duke University, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - David P Siderovski
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
| | - Young K Truong
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Denise Esserman
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Teresa K Tarrant
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Duke University, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Matthew J Billard
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Erickson CE, Gul R, Blessing CP, Nguyen J, Liu T, Pulakat L, Bastepe M, Jackson EK, Andresen BT. The β-blocker Nebivolol Is a GRK/β-arrestin biased agonist. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71980. [PMID: 23977191 PMCID: PMC3748024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nebivolol, a third generation β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) antagonist (β-blocker), causes vasodilation by inducing nitric oxide (NO) production. The mechanism via which nebivolol induces NO production remains unknown, resulting in the genesis of much of the controversy regarding the pharmacological action of nebivolol. Carvedilol is another β-blocker that induces NO production. A prominent pharmacological mechanism of carvedilol is biased agonism that is independent of Gαs and involves G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)/β-arrestin signaling with downstream activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Due to the pharmacological similarities between nebivolol and carvedilol, we hypothesized that nebivolol is also a GRK/β-arrestin biased agonist. We tested this hypothesis utilizing mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that solely express β2-ARs, and HL-1 cardiac myocytes that express β1- and β2-ARs and no detectable β3-ARs. We confirmed previous reports that nebivolol does not significantly alter cAMP levels and thus is not a classical agonist. Moreover, in both cell types, nebivolol induced rapid internalization of β-ARs indicating that nebivolol is also not a classical β-blocker. Furthermore, nebivolol treatment resulted in a time-dependent phosphorylation of ERK that was indistinguishable from carvedilol and similar in duration, but not amplitude, to isoproterenol. Nebivolol-mediated phosphorylation of ERK was sensitive to propranolol (non-selective β-AR-blocker), AG1478 (EGFR inhibitor), indicating that the signaling emanates from β-ARs and involves the EGFR. Furthermore, in MEFs, nebivolol-mediated phosphorylation of ERK was sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 as well as siRNA knockdown of β-arrestin 1/2. Additionally, nebivolol induced redistribution of β-arrestin 2 from a diffuse staining pattern into more intense punctate spots. We conclude that nebivolol is a β2-AR, and likely β1-AR, GRK/β-arrestin biased agonist, which suggests that some of the unique clinically beneficial effects of nebivolol may be due to biased agonism at β1- and/or β2-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Erickson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rukhsana Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher P. Blessing
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jenny Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Tammy Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Pulakat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Murat Bastepe
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edwin K. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bradley T. Andresen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Paban V, Billard JM, Bouet V, Freret T, Boulouard M, Chambon C, Loriod B, Alescio-Lautier B. Genomic transcriptional profiling in LOU/C/Jall rats identifies genes for successful aging. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:1501-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ho-Pun-Cheung A, Bazin H, Gaborit N, Larbouret C, Garnero P, Assenat E, Castan F, Bascoul-Mollevi C, Ramos J, Ychou M, Pèlegrin A, Mathis G, Lopez-Crapez E. Quantification of HER expression and dimerization in patients' tumor samples using time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37065. [PMID: 22829865 PMCID: PMC3400639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the development of targeted therapies against EGFR and HER2, two members of the human epidermal receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, much interest has been focused on their expression in tumors. However, knowing the expression levels of individual receptors may not be sufficient to predict drug response. Here, we describe the development of antibody-based time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assays for the comprehensive analysis not only of EGFR and HER2 expression in tumor cryosections, but also of their activation through quantification of HER homo- or heterodimers. First, EGFR and HER2 expression levels were quantified in 18 breast tumors and the results were compared with those obtained by using reference methods. The EGFR number per cell determined by TR-FRET was significantly correlated with EGFR mRNA copy number (P<0.0001). Moreover, our method detected HER2 overexpression with 100% specificity and sensibility, as confirmed by the standard IHC, FISH and qPCR analyses. EGFR and HER2 dimerization was then assessed, using as controls xenograft tumors from cell lines with known dimer expression profiles. Our results show that quantification of HER dimerization provides information about receptor activation that cannot be obtained by quantification of single receptors. Quantifying HER expression and dimerization by TR-FRET assays might help identifying novel clinical markers for optimizing patients' treatment in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hervé Bazin
- Research Department, Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France
| | - Nadège Gaborit
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, U896, Université Montpellier1, CRLC Val d’Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - Christel Larbouret
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, U896, Université Montpellier1, CRLC Val d’Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eric Assenat
- Department of Medical and Digestive Oncology, CRLC Val d’Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Castan
- Department of Biostatistics, CRLC Val d’Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jeanne Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Center Hospital University, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Ychou
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, U896, Université Montpellier1, CRLC Val d’Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
- Department of Medical and Digestive Oncology, CRLC Val d’Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - André Pèlegrin
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, U896, Université Montpellier1, CRLC Val d’Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Mathis
- Research Department, Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France
| | - Evelyne Lopez-Crapez
- Translational Research Unit, CRLC Val d’Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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