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Fang Y, Guo Y, Gao T, Han X, Jiang Y, Li M, Xue W, Yang B, Cui Y, Sun S, Zhao G. A Dual Role of Complement Activation in the Development of Fulminant Hepatic Failure Induced by Murine-Beta-Coronavirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:880915. [PMID: 35573780 PMCID: PMC9099255 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.880915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the epidemic of betacoronavirus increasing frequently, it poses a great threat to human public health. Therefore, the research on the pathogenic mechanism of betacoronavirus is becoming greatly important. Murine hepatitis virus strain-3 (MHV-3) is a strain of betacoronavirus which cause tissue damage especially fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in mice, and is commonly used to establish models of acute liver injury. Recently, MHV-3-infected mice have also been introduced to a mouse model of COVID-19 that does not require a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) facility. FHF induced by MHV-3 is a type of severe liver damage imbalanced by regenerative hepatocellular activity, which is related to numerous factors. The complement system plays an important role in host defense and inflammation and is involved in first-line immunity and/or pathogenesis of severe organ disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of aberrant complement activation in MHV-3 infection-induced FHF by strategies that use C3-deficient mice and intervene in the complement system. Our results showed that mice deficient in C3 had more severe liver damage, a higher viral load in the liver and higher serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines than wild-type controls. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with C3aR antagonist or anti-C5aR antibody reduced liver damage, viral load, and serum IFN-γ concentration compared with the control group. These findings indicated that complement system acts as a double-edged sword during acute MHV-3 infection. However, its dysregulated activation leads to sustained inflammatory responses and induces extensive liver damage. Collectively, by investigating the role of complement activation in MHV-3 infection, we can further understand the pathogenic mechanism of betacoronavirus, and appropriate regulation of immune responses by fine-tuning complement activation may be an intervention for the treatment of diseases induced by betacoronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyu Zhao, ; Shihui Sun, ; Yujun Cui,
| | - Shihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyu Zhao, ; Shihui Sun, ; Yujun Cui,
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyu Zhao, ; Shihui Sun, ; Yujun Cui,
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String GM, White MR, Gute DM, Mühlberger E, Lantagne DS. Selection of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate for Use in Surface Disinfection Efficacy Studies with Chlorine and Antimicrobial Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2021; 8:995-1001. [PMID: 37566364 PMCID: PMC8491555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Initial recommendations for surface disinfection to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission were developed using previous evidence from potential surrogates. To the best of our knowledge, no appropriate surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 has been identified or confirmed for chlorine and antimicrobial surface disinfection. We completed a study to evaluate the efficacy of two hypothesized antimicrobial surfaces, and four chlorine solutions on nonporous and porous surfaces, against SARS-CoV-2 and three potential SARS-CoV-2 surrogates [coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and bacteriophages Phi6 and MS2], to identify a BSL-1 or BSL-2 virus to use in future studies. We found SARS-CoV-2 can be reduced >4 log10 on porous and nonporous surfaces within 30 s upon exposure to 0.5% NaOCl. The results indicate coronavirus MHV-GFP is inactivated faster than SARS-CoV-2 (MHV-GFP ≥ 6.08 log10; SARS-CoV-2 = 0.66 log10 at 30 s with 0.05% NaOCl on steel) and MS2 is inactivated more slowly. Phi6 is inactivated like SARS-CoV-2, and we propose Phi6 as a slightly conservative surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 chlorine disinfection. Additionally, disinfection of bacteriophages on wood was challenging, and exposure to antimicrobial surfaces had no disinfection efficacy as tested. We recommend using 0.5% chlorine on surfaces for a minimum of 30 s of contact to disinfect SARS-CoV-2 and recommend additional research on Phi6 disinfection with varied surfaces and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M. String
- Lancon Environmental, LLC,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
- Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford,
Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Mitchell R. White
- Department of Microbiology, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
United States
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories,
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
United States
| | - David M. Gute
- Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford,
Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
United States
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories,
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
United States
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Abstract
In less than two decades, three deadly zoonotic coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, have emerged in humans, causing SARS, MERS, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), respectively. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented crisis in health care and social and economic development. It reinforces the cruel fact that CoVs are constantly evolving, possessing the genetic malleability to become highly pathogenic in humans. In this review, we start with an overview of CoV diseases and the molecular virology of CoVs, focusing on similarities and differences between SARS-CoV-2 and its highly pathogenic as well as low-pathogenic counterparts. We then discuss mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and virus-host interactions of SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs, emphasizing the host immune response. Finally, we summarize strategies adopted for the prevention and treatment of CoV diseases and discuss approaches to develop effective antivirals and vaccines. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- To Sing Fung
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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Häger C, Glage S, Held N, Bleich EM, Burghard A, Mähler M, Bleich A. Detection of antibodies against Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus GDVII strain in experimental guinea pigs. Lab Anim 2015; 50:400-3. [PMID: 26678296 DOI: 10.1177/0023677215623148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A disease affecting guinea pigs called 'guinea pig lameness' characterized by clinical signs of depression, lameness of limbs, flaccid paralysis, weight loss and death within a few weeks was first described by Römer in 1911. After a research group in our facility kept laboratory guinea pigs from two different origins together in one room, lameness was observed in two animals. Further investigations revealed a serological immune response against Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV; GDVII strain) in these animals. Histopathology of the lumbar spinal cord of these animals showed mononuclear cell infiltration and necrotic neurons in the anterior horn. Therefore, all guinea pigs from this contaminated animal unit, from other units in our facility, as well as from different European institutions and breeding centres were screened for antibodies directed against GDVII. Our investigations showed that approximately 80% of all guinea pigs from the contaminated animal unit were seropositive for GDVII, whereas animals from other separate units were completely negative. In addition, 43% of tested sera from the different European institutions and breeding centres contained antibodies against GDVII. The present data confirm that an unknown viral infection causes an immune response in experimental guinea pigs leading to seroconversion against GDVII and that guinea pigs from a commercial breeder are the source of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Häger
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Glage
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - N Held
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Bleich
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Burghard
- Institute of Audioneurotechnology, VIANNA, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - André Bleich
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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