1
|
Mitra K, Hartman MCT. Silicon phthalocyanines: synthesis and resurgent applications. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1168-1190. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02299c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Their unique axial bonds and NIR optical properties have made silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) valuable compounds. Herein, we present key synthetic strategies and emerging applications of SiPcs over the past decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koushambi Mitra
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Massey Cancer Center
| | - Matthew C. T. Hartman
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Massey Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kianfar E, Apaydin DH, Knör G. Spin-Forbidden Excitation: A New Approach for Triggering Photopharmacological Processes with Low-Intensity NIR Light. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017; 1:378-382. [PMID: 29104916 PMCID: PMC5658980 DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to low-intensity radiation in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region matching the optically transparent "phototherapeutic window" of biological tissues can be applied to directly populate spin-restricted excited states of light-responsive compounds. This unconventional and unprecedented approach is introduced herein as a new strategy to overcome some of the major unresolved problems observed in the rapidly emerging fields of photopharmacology and molecular photomedicine, where practical applications in living cells and organisms are still limited by undesired side reactions and insufficient light penetration. Water-soluble and biocompatible metal complexes with a significant degree of spin-orbit coupling were identified as target candidates for testing our new hypothesis. As a first example, a dark-stable manganese carbonyl complex acting as a visible-light-triggered CO-releasing molecule (Photo-CORM) is shown to be photoactivated by NIR radiation, although apparently no spectroscopically evident absorption bands are detectable in this low-energy region. This quite remarkable effect is ascribed to a strongly restricted, but obviously not completely forbidden optical population of the lowest triplet excited state manifold of the diamagnetic complex from the singlet ground state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kianfar
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University Linz (JKU)Altenbergerstrasse 69A-4040LinzAustria
| | - Dogukan Hazar Apaydin
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University Linz (JKU)Altenbergerstrasse 69A-4040LinzAustria
| | - Günther Knör
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University Linz (JKU)Altenbergerstrasse 69A-4040LinzAustria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Izawa H, Miyazaki Y, Ifuku S, Morimoto M, Saimoto H. Fully Biobased Oligophenolic Nanoparticle Prepared by Horseradish Peroxidase-catalyzed Polymerization. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
5
|
Knör G. Recent progress in homogeneous multielectron transfer photocatalysis and artificial photosynthetic solar energy conversion. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Kianfar E, Schäfer C, Lornejad-Schäfer MR, Portenkirchner E, Knör G. New photo-CORMs: Deeply-coloured biocompatible rhenium complexes for the controlled release of carbon monoxide. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Prock J, Strabler C, Viertl W, Kopacka H, Obendorf D, Müller T, Tordin E, Salzl S, Knör G, Mauro M, De Cola L, Brüggeller P. Unusual stability of dyads during photochemical hydrogen production. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20936-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heterodimetallic dyads containing Os and Pd are connected by a bis(bidentate) phosphine and show an excellent stability for the water splitting application.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ertl M, Wöβ E, Knör G. Antimony porphyrins as red-light powered photocatalysts for solar fuel production from halide solutions in the presence of air. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1826-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stable light-harvesting sensitizers for the two-electron oxidation of halide ions are reported. Photocatalysis is studied in solution, in aqueous micellar medium and with surface immobilized samples for convenient photocatalyst recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ertl
- Johannes Kepler University (JKU)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- A-4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - E. Wöβ
- Johannes Kepler University (JKU)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- A-4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - G. Knör
- Johannes Kepler University (JKU)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- A-4040 Linz
- Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oppelt KT, Gasiorowski J, Egbe DAM, Kollender JP, Himmelsbach M, Hassel AW, Sariciftci NS, Knör G. Rhodium-coordinated poly(arylene-ethynylene)-alt-poly(arylene-vinylene) copolymer acting as photocatalyst for visible-light-powered NAD⁺/NADH reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12721-9. [PMID: 25130570 PMCID: PMC4160281 DOI: 10.1021/ja506060u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A 2,2'-bipyridyl-containing poly(arylene-ethynylene)-alt-poly(arylene-vinylene) polymer, acting as a light-harvesting ligand system, was synthesized and coupled to an organometallic rhodium complex designed for photocatalytic NAD(+)/NADH reduction. The material, which absorbs over a wide spectral range, was characterized by using various analytical techniques, confirming its chemical structure and properties. The dielectric function of the material was determined from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements. Photocatalytic reduction of nucleotide redox cofactors under visible light irradiation (390-650 nm) was performed and is discussed in detail. The new metal-containing polymer can be used to cover large surface areas (e.g. glass beads) and, due to this immobilization step, can be easily separated from the reaction solution after photolysis. Because of its high stability, the polymer-based catalyst system can be repeatedly used under different reaction conditions for (photo)chemical reduction of NAD(+). With this concept, enzymatic, photo-biocatalytic systems for solar energy conversion can be facilitated, and the precious metal catalyst can be recycled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin T. Oppelt
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler
University Linz, Altenberger
Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jacek Gasiorowski
- Linz
Institute of Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Semiconductor
Physics, Technical University of Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Strasse 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Daniel Ayuk Mbi Egbe
- Linz
Institute of Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jan Philipp Kollender
- Institute
of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (ICTAS), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Himmelsbach
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Johannes
Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Achim Walter Hassel
- Institute
of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (ICTAS), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz
Institute of Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Günther Knör
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler
University Linz, Altenberger
Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Portenkirchner E, Kianfar E, Sariciftci NS, Knör G. Two-electron carbon dioxide reduction catalyzed by rhenium(I) bis(imino)acenaphthene carbonyl complexes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:1347-51. [PMID: 24737649 PMCID: PMC4498476 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes carrying substituted bis(arylimino)acenaphthene ligands (BIAN-R) have been tested as potential catalysts for the two-electron reduction of carbon dioxide. Cyclic voltammetric studies as well as controlled potential electrolysis experiments were performed using CO2-saturated solutions of the complexes in acetonitrile and acetonitrile-water mixtures. Faradaic efficiencies of more than 30 % have been determined for the electrocatalytic production of CO. The effects of ligand substitution patterns and water content of the reaction medium on the catalytic performance of the new catalysts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Kianfar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU)4040 Linz (Austria) E-mail:
| | | | - Günther Knör
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU)4040 Linz (Austria) E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Studies on the photoredox behavior of copper(II) acetato complexes with tripodal 4N ligands in methanol solution. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Oppelt KT, Wöß E, Stiftinger M, Schöfberger W, Buchberger W, Knör G. Photocatalytic reduction of artificial and natural nucleotide co-factors with a chlorophyll-like tin-dihydroporphyrin sensitizer. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11910-22. [PMID: 24073596 PMCID: PMC3805326 DOI: 10.1021/ic401611v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An
efficient photocatalytic two-electron reduction and protonation
of nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), as well
as the synthetic nucleotide co-factor analogue N-benzyl-3-carbamoyl-pyridinium
(BNAD+), powered by photons in the long-wavelength region
of visible light (λirr > 610 nm), is demonstrated
for the first time. This functional artificial photosynthetic counterpart
of the complete energy-trapping and solar-to-fuel conversion primary
processes occurring in natural photosystem I (PS I) is achieved with
a robust water-soluble tin(IV) complex of meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium)-chlorin acting as the light-harvesting
sensitizer (threshold wavelength of λthr = 660 nm).
In buffered aqueous solution, this chlorophyll-like compound photocatalytically
recycles a rhodium hydride complex of the type [Cp*Rh(bpy)H]+, which is able to mediate regioselective hydride transfer processes.
Different one- and two-electron donors are tested for the reductive
quenching of the irradiated tin complex to initiate the secondary
dark reactions leading to nucleotide co-factor reduction. Very promising
conversion efficiencies, quantum yields, and excellent photosensitizer
stabilities are observed. As an example of a catalytic dark reaction
utilizing the reduction equivalents of accumulated NADH, an enzymatic
process for the selective transformation of aldehydes with alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH) coupled to the primary photoreactions of the system
is also demonstrated. A tentative reaction mechanism for the transfer
of two electrons and one proton from the reductively quenched tin
chlorin sensitizer to the rhodium co-catalyst, acting as a reversible
hydride carrier, is proposed. An efficient photocatalytic
system for the two-electron
reduction of nucleotide co-factors has been characterized. For the
first time it could be demonstrated in an abiotic system that the
long-wavelength region of the visible spectrum (> 610 nm) can be
exploited
to power the accumulation of NADH. The artificial photosynthetic reaction
sequence, described here in detail, can be regarded as the first true
functional model system for the overall light reactions occurring
in natural photosystem I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin T Oppelt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, and ‡Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU) , A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tordin E, List M, Monkowius U, Schindler S, Knör G. Synthesis and characterisation of cobalt, nickel and copper complexes with tripodal 4N ligands as novel catalysts for the homogeneous partial oxidation of alkanes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013; 402:90-96. [PMID: 23805005 PMCID: PMC3688535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Four new compounds of the general formula [M(L)(CH3COO)][PF6], where L is a tetradentate tripodal ligand such as tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (L1) or (2-aminoethyl)bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (L2) and M is Co(II), Ni(II) or Cu(II), have been prepared employing a simple two-step synthesis. The compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The catalytic properties of the derivatives containing the aliphatic ligand L1 have been investigated in particular toward the oxidation of cyclohexane and adamantane in the presence of the sacrificial oxidant m-CPBA (meta-chloroperbenzoic acid). Good TONs and selectivity have been determined for the cobalt and nickel compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tordin
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU), Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Manuela List
- Institut für Chemische Technologie Organischer Stoffe, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU), Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU), Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Siegfried Schindler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gieβen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gieβen, Germany
| | - Günther Knör
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU), Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Portenkirchner E, Oppelt K, Egbe DAM, Knör G, Sariçiftçi NS. Electro- and photo-chemistry of rhenium and rhodium complexes for carbon dioxide and proton reduction: a mini review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1680/nme.13.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
15
|
Wöss E, Monkowius U, Knör G. Synthesis and characterization of redox-active charge-transfer complexes with 2,3,5,6-tetracyanopyridine (TCNPy) for the photogeneration of pyridinium radicals. Chemistry 2013; 19:1489-95. [PMID: 23233370 PMCID: PMC3564414 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heteroaromatic polynitrile compound tetracyanopyridine (TCNPy) is introduced as a new electron acceptor for the formation of deeply colored charge-transfer complexes. In MeCN, TCNPy is characterized by a quasireversible one-electron-reduction process at -0.51 V (versus SCE). The tetracyanopyridine radical anion undergoes a secondary chemical reaction, which is assigned to a protonation step. TCNPy has been demonstrated to generate 1:1 complexes with various electron donors, including tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and dihydroxybenzene derivatives, such as p-hydroquinone and catechol. Visible- or NIR-light-induced excitation of the intense charge-transfer bands of these compounds leads to a direct optical electron-transfer process for the formation of the corresponding radical-ion pairs. The presence of available electron donors that contain protic groups in close proximity to the TCNPy acceptor site opens up a new strategy for the photocontrolled generation of pyridinium radicals in a stepwise proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wöss
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uslan C, Oppelt KT, Reith LM, Sesalan BŞ, Knör G. Characterization of a non-aggregating silicon(iv) phthalocyanine in aqueous solution: toward red-light-driven photocatalysis based on earth-abundant materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8108-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Matsumoto J, Beppu T, Shiragami T, Yasuda M. Mechanistic analysis of the fluorescence quenching of dodecyloxo(methoxo)tetraphenylporphyrinatoantimony by 9,10-dimethylanthracene in an artificial membrane constructed by a phospholipid liposome. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
18
|
Portenkirchner E, Oppelt K, Ulbricht C, Egbe DA, Neugebauer H, Knör G, Sariciftci NS. Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide using the alkynyl-substituted rhenium(I) complex (5,5′-bisphenylethynyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)Re(CO)3Cl. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
19
|
Topf C, Monkowius U, Knör G. Design, synthesis and characterization of a modular bridging ligand platform for bio-inspired hydrogen production. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2012; 21:147-150. [PMID: 24851082 PMCID: PMC4022161 DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of a novel type of ambident bridging ligands joining together the functional prerequisites for visible-light absorption, photoinduced electron transfer and catalytic proton reduction is presented. This class of compounds consists of a chromophoric 1,2-diimine-based π-acceptor site and a rigid polyaromatic dithiolate chelator. Due to the presence of a common conjugated linker moiety with an intrinsic two-electron redox reactivity and a suitable orbital coupling of the subunits, a favourable situation for vectorial multielectron transfer from attached electron donors to a catalytic acceptor site is provided. As an example for the application of this kind of bifunctional ligand systems, a [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzyme model compound is prepared and structurally characterized. Electrocatalytic hydrogen formation with this complex is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Günther Knör
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU), 4040 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hajimohammadi M, Schwarzinger C, Knör G. Controlled multistep oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes to carboxylic acids using air, sunlight and a robust metalloporphyrin sensitizer with a pH-switchable photoreactivity. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|