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Rauff A, LaBelle SA, Strobel HA, Hoying JB, Weiss JA. Imaging the Dynamic Interaction Between Sprouting Microvessels and the Extracellular Matrix. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1011. [PMID: 31507428 PMCID: PMC6713949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thorough understanding of growth and evolution of tissue vasculature is fundamental to many fields of medicine including cancer therapy, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from existing ones, is dynamically influenced by a variety of environmental factors, including mechanical and biophysical factors, chemotactic factors, proteolysis, and interaction with stromal cells. Yet, dynamic interactions between neovessels and their environment are difficult to study with traditional fixed time imaging techniques. Advancements in imaging technologies permit time-series and volumetric imaging, affording the ability to visualize microvessel growth over 3D space and time. Time-lapse imaging has led to more informative investigations of angiogenesis. The environmental factors implicated in angiogenesis span a wide range of signals. Neovessels advance through stromal matrices by forming attachments and pulling and pushing on their microenvironment, reorganizing matrix fibers, and inducing large deformations of the surrounding stroma. Concurrently, neovessels secrete proteolytic enzymes to degrade their basement membrane, create space for new vessels to grow, and release matrix-bound cytokines. Growing neovessels also respond to a host of soluble and matrix-bound growth factors, and display preferential growth along a cytokine gradient. Lastly, stromal cells such as macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) interact directly with neovessels and their surrounding matrix to facilitate sprouting, vessel fusion, and tissue remodeling. This review highlights how time-lapse imaging techniques advanced our understanding of the interaction of blood vessels with their environment during sprouting angiogenesis. The technology provides means to characterize the evolution of microvessel behavior, providing new insights and holding great promise for further research on the process of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rauff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Steven A. LaBelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hannah A. Strobel
- Innovations Laboratory, Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - James B. Hoying
- Innovations Laboratory, Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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2
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Brock EJ, Ji K, Shah S, Mattingly RR, Sloane BF. In Vitro Models for Studying Invasive Transitions of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:1-15. [PMID: 30056557 PMCID: PMC6641861 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
About one fourth of all newly identified cases of breast carcinoma are diagnoses of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Since we cannot yet distinguish DCIS cases that would remain indolent from those that may progress to life-threatening invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), almost all women undergo aggressive treatment. In order to allow for more rational individualized treatment, we and others are developing in vitro models to identify and validate druggable pathways that mediate the transition of DCIS to IDC. These models range from conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures on plastic to 3D cultures in natural or synthetic matrices. Some models consist solely of DCIS cells, either cell lines or primary cells. Others are co-cultures that include additional cell types present in the normal or cancerous human breast. The 3D co-culture models more accurately mimic structural and functional changes in breast architecture that accompany the transition of DCIS to IDC. Mechanistic studies of the dynamic and temporal changes associated with this transition are facilitated by adapting the in vitro models to engineered microfluidic platforms. Ultimately, the goal is to create in vitro models that can serve as a reproducible preclinical screen for testing therapeutic strategies that will reduce progression of DCIS to IDC. This review will discuss the in vitro models that are currently available, as well as the progress that has been made using them to understand DCIS pathobiology.
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MESH Headings
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques/methods
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/prevention & control
- Primary Cell Culture/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Brock
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Seema Shah
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Raymond R Mattingly
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bonnie F Sloane
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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3
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Osuala KO, Ji K, Mattingly RR, Sloane BF. Breast Cancer: Proteolysis and Migration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:401-411. [PMID: 31456196 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding breast cancer cell proteolysis and migration is crucial for developing novel therapies to prevent local and distant metastases. Human cancer cells utilize many biological functions comparable to those observed during embryogenesis conferring the cancer cells with survival advantages. One such advantage is the ability to secrete proteases into the tumor microenvironment in order to remodel the extracellular matrix to facilitate migration. These proteases degrade the extracellular matrix, which initially functions as a barrier to cancer cell escape from their site of origin. The extracellular matrix also functions as a reservoir for growth factors that can be released by the secreted proteases and thereby further aid tumor growth and progression. Other survival advantages of tumor cells include: the ability to utilize multiple modes of motility, thrive in acidic microenvironments, and the tumor cell's ability to hijack stromal and immune cells to foster their own migration and survival. In order to reduce metastasis, we must focus our efforts on addressing the survival advantages that tumor cells have acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley O Osuala
- Department of Pharmacology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raymond R Mattingly
- Department of Pharmacology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bonnie F Sloane
- Department of Pharmacology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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4
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Kraniak JM, Chalasani A, Wallace MR, Mattingly RR. Development of 3D culture models of plexiform neurofibroma and initial application for phenotypic characterization and drug screening. Exp Neurol 2018; 299:289-298. [PMID: 29055717 PMCID: PMC6863155 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs), which may be present at birth in up to half of children with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1), can cause serious loss of function, such as quadriparesis, and can undergo malignant transformation. Surgery is the first line treatment although the invasive nature of these tumors often prevents complete resection. Recent clinical trials have shown promising success for some drugs, notably selumetinib, an inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase (MEK). We have developed three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models of immortalized cells from NF1 PNs and of control Schwann cells (SCs) that we believe mimic more closely the in vivo condition than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Our goal is to facilitate pre-clinical identification of potential targeted therapeutics for these tumors. Three drugs, selumetinib (a MEK inhibitor), picropodophyllin (an IGF-1R inhibitor) and LDN-193189 (a BMP2 inhibitor) were tested with dose-response design in both 2D and 3D cultures for their abilities to block net cell growth. Cell lines grown in 3D conditions showed varying degrees of resistance to the inhibitory actions of all three drugs. For example, control SCs became resistant to growth inhibition by selumetinib in 3D culture. LDN-193189 was the most effective drug in 3D cultures, with only slightly reduced potency compared to the 2D cultures. Characterization of these models also demonstrated increased proteolysis of collagen IV in the matrix by the PN driver cells as compared to wild-type SCs. The proteolytic capacity of the PN cells in the model may be a clinically significant property that can be used for testing the ability of drugs to inhibit their invasive phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Luminescent Proteins/analysis
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neurofibroma, Plexiform/drug therapy
- Neurofibroma, Plexiform/genetics
- Neurofibroma, Plexiform/pathology
- Neurofibromatosis 1/pathology
- Phenotype
- Podophyllotoxin/analogs & derivatives
- Podophyllotoxin/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Schwann Cells/cytology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Kraniak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Anita Chalasani
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Margaret R Wallace
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Raymond R Mattingly
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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5
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Aggarwal N, Santiago AM, Kessel D, Sloane BF. Photodynamic therapy as an effective therapeutic approach in MAME models of inflammatory breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 154:251-62. [PMID: 26502410 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive, FDA-approved therapy for treatment of endobronchial and esophageal cancers that are accessible to light. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic form of breast cancer that spreads to dermal lymphatics, a site that would be accessible to light. IBC patients have a relatively poor survival rate due to lack of targeted therapies. The use of PDT is underexplored for breast cancers but has been proposed for treatment of subtypes for which a targeted therapy is unavailable. We optimized and used a 3D mammary architecture and microenvironment engineering (MAME) model of IBC to examine the effects of PDT using two treatment protocols. The first protocol used benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid A (BPD) activated at doses ranging from 45 to 540 mJ/cm(2). The second PDT protocol used two photosensitizers: mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6) and BPD that were sequentially activated. Photokilling by PDT was assessed by live-dead assays. Using a MAME model of IBC, we have shown a significant dose-response in photokilling by BPD-PDT. Sequential activation of NPe6 followed by BPD is more effective in photokilling of tumor cells than BPD alone. Sequential activation at light doses of 45 mJ/cm(2) for each agent resulted in >90 % cell death, a response only achieved by BPD-PDT at a dose of 360 mJ/cm(2). Our data also show that effects of PDT on a volumetric measurement of 3D MAME structures reflect efficacy of PDT treatment. Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential of PDT for treating IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Aggarwal
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Ann Marie Santiago
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Bonnie F Sloane
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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6
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Sameni M, Tovar EA, Essenburg CJ, Chalasani A, Linklater ES, Borgman A, Cherba DM, Anbalagan A, Winn ME, Graveel CR, Sloane BF. Cabozantinib (XL184) Inhibits Growth and Invasion of Preclinical TNBC Models. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:923-34. [PMID: 26432786 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype that is associated with poor clinical outcome. There is a vital need for effective targeted therapeutics for TNBC patients, yet treatment strategies are challenged by the significant intertumoral heterogeneity within the TNBC subtype and its surrounding microenvironment. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are highly expressed in several TNBC subtypes and are promising therapeutic targets. In this study, we targeted the MET receptor, which is highly expressed across several TNBC subtypes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using the small-molecule inhibitor cabozantinib (XL184), we examined the efficacy of MET inhibition in preclinical models that recapitulate human TNBC and its microenvironment. To analyze the dynamic interactions between TNBC cells and fibroblasts over time, we utilized a 3D model referred to as MAME (Mammary Architecture and Microenvironment Engineering) with quantitative image analysis. To investigate cabozantinib inhibition in vivo, we used a novel xenograft model that expresses human HGF and supports paracrine MET signaling. RESULTS XL184 treatment of MAME cultures of MDA-MB-231 and HCC70 cells (± HGF-expressing fibroblasts) was cytotoxic and significantly reduced multicellular invasive outgrowths, even in cultures with HGF-expressing fibroblasts. Treatment with XL184 had no significant effects on MET(neg) breast cancer cell growth. In vivo assays demonstrated that cabozantinib treatment significantly inhibited TNBC growth and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Using preclinical TNBC models that recapitulate the breast tumor microenvironment, we demonstrate that cabozantinib inhibition is an effective therapeutic strategy in several TNBC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Sameni
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth A Tovar
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Curt J Essenburg
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Anita Chalasani
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Erik S Linklater
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Andrew Borgman
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - David M Cherba
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Arulselvi Anbalagan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mary E Winn
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Carrie R Graveel
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
| | - Bonnie F Sloane
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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7
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Ji K, Heyza J, Cavallo-Medved D, Sloane BF. Pathomimetic cancer avatars for live-cell imaging of protease activity. Biochimie 2015; 122:68-76. [PMID: 26375517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are essential for normal physiology as well as multiple diseases, e.g., playing a causative role in cancer progression, including in tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Identification of dynamic alterations in protease activity may allow us to detect early stage cancers and to assess the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. Despite the clinical importance of proteases in cancer progression, their functional roles individually and within the context of complex protease networks have not yet been well defined. These gaps in our understanding might be addressed with: 1) accurate and sensitive tools and methods to directly identify changes in protease activities in live cells, and 2) pathomimetic avatars for cancer that recapitulate in vitro the tumor in the context of its cellular and non-cellular microenvironment. Such avatars should be designed to facilitate mechanistic studies that can be translated to animal models and ultimately the clinic. Here, we will describe basic principles and recent applications of live-cell imaging for identification of active proteases. The avatars optimized by our laboratory are three-dimensional (3D) human breast cancer models in a matrix of reconstituted basement membrane (rBM). They are designated mammary architecture and microenvironment engineering (MAME) models as they have been designed to mimic the structural and functional interactions among cell types in the normal and cancerous human breast. We have demonstrated the usefulness of these pathomimetic avatars for following dynamic and temporal changes in cell:cell interactions and quantifying changes in protease activity associated with these interactions in real-time (4D). We also briefly describe adaptation of the avatars to custom-designed and fabricated tissue architecture and microenvironment engineering (TAME) chambers that enhance our ability to analyze concomitant changes in the malignant phenotype and the associated tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Joshua Heyza
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Dora Cavallo-Medved
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada.
| | - Bonnie F Sloane
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada.
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8
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Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are attractive for the study of cancer; however, they can be time-consuming and expensive to produce and maintain. Thus, in certain contexts, the use of in vitro culture systems of tumor cells may provide an efficient and effective means to test hypotheses before assessment in or to complement discoveries in GEMMs. This introduction will briefly review the issues pertaining to in vitro analyses of primary cancer cells and highlight several "best practice" protocols that can be used when working with diverse types of carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Rhim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Martin Jechlinger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Mouse Biology Unit, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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9
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Wu L, Claas AM, Sarkar A, Lauffenburger DA, Han J. High-throughput protease activity cytometry reveals dose-dependent heterogeneity in PMA-mediated ADAM17 activation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:513-24. [PMID: 25832727 PMCID: PMC4428935 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
As key components of autocrine signaling, pericellular proteases, a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) in particular, are known to impact the microenvironment of individual cells and have significant implications in various pathological situations including cancer, inflammatory and vascular diseases. There is great incentive to develop a high-throughput platform for single-cell measurement of pericellular protease activity, as it is essential for studying the heterogeneity of protease response and the corresponding cell behavioral consequences. In this work, we developed a microfluidic platform to simultaneously monitor protease activity of many single cells in a time-dependent manner. This platform isolates individual microwells rapidly on demand and thus allows single-cell activity measurement of both cell-surface and secreted proteases by confining individual cells with diffusive FRET-based substrates. With this platform, we observed dose-dependent heterogeneous protease activation of HepG2 cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). To study the temporal behavior of PMA-induced protease response, we monitored the pericellular protease activity of the same single cells during three different time periods and revealed the diversity in the dynamic patterns of single-cell protease activity profile upon PMA stimulation. The unique temporal information of single-cell protease response can help unveil the complicated functional role of pericellular proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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10
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Brix K, McInnes J, Al-Hashimi A, Rehders M, Tamhane T, Haugen MH. Proteolysis mediated by cysteine cathepsins and legumain-recent advances and cell biological challenges. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:755-774. [PMID: 25398648 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteases play essential roles in protein degradation, protein processing, and extracellular matrix remodeling in all cell types and tissues. They are also involved in protein turnover for maintenance of homeostasis and protein activation or inactivation for cell signaling. Proteases range in function and specificity, with some performing distinct substrate cleavages, while others accomplish proteolysis of a wide range of substrates. As such, different cell types use specialized molecular mechanisms to regulate the localization of proteases and their function within the compartments to which they are destined. Here, we focus on the cysteine family of cathepsin proteases and legumain, which act predominately within the endo-lysosomal pathway. In particular, recent knowledge on cysteine cathepsins and their primary regulator legumain is scrutinized in terms of their trafficking to endo-lysosomal compartments and other less recognized cellular locations. We further explore the mechanisms that regulate these processes and point to pathological cases which arise from detours taken by these proteases. Moreover, the emerging biological roles of specific forms and variants of cysteine cathepsins and legumain are discussed. These may be decisive, pathogenic, or even deadly when localizing to unusual cellular compartments in their enzymatically active form, because they may exert unexpected effects by alternative substrate cleavage. Hence, we propose future perspectives for addressing the actions of cysteine cathepsins and legumain as well as their specific forms and variants. The increasing knowledge in non-canonical aspects of cysteine cathepsin- and legumain-mediated proteolysis may prove valuable for developing new strategies to utilize these versatile proteases in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Brix
- Research Area HEALTH, Research Center MOLIFE-Molecular Life Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany,
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11
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Scherer A, Kuhl S, Wessels D, Lusche DF, Hanson B, Ambrose J, Voss E, Fletcher E, Goldman C, Soll DR. A computer-assisted 3D model for analyzing the aggregation of tumorigenic cells reveals specialized behaviors and unique cell types that facilitate aggregate coalescence. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118628. [PMID: 25790299 PMCID: PMC4366230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a 4D computer-assisted reconstruction and motion analysis system, J3D-DIAS 4.1, and applied it to the reconstruction and motion analysis of tumorigenic cells in a 3D matrix. The system is unique in that it is fast, high-resolution, acquires optical sections using DIC microscopy (hence there is no associated photoxicity), and is capable of long-term 4D reconstruction. Specifically, a z-series at 5 μm increments can be acquired in less than a minute on tissue samples embedded in a 1.5 mm thick 3D Matrigel matrix. Reconstruction can be repeated at intervals as short as every minute and continued for 30 days or longer. Images are converted to mathematical representations from which quantitative parameters can be derived. Application of this system to cancer cells from established lines and fresh tumor tissue has revealed unique behaviors and cell types not present in non-tumorigenic lines. We report here that cells from tumorigenic lines and tumors undergo rapid coalescence in 3D, mediated by specific cell types that we have named “facilitators” and “probes.” A third cell type, the “dervish”, is capable of rapid movement through the gel and does not adhere to it. These cell types have never before been described. Our data suggest that tumorigenesis in vitro is a developmental process involving coalescence facilitated by specialized cells that culminates in large hollow spheres with complex architecture. The unique effects of select monoclonal antibodies on these processes demonstrate the usefulness of the model for analyzing the mechanisms of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Scherer
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Spencer Kuhl
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Deborah Wessels
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Lusche
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Brett Hanson
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Joseph Ambrose
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Edward Voss
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Emily Fletcher
- Mercy Hospital System of Des Moines, Des Moines, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Charles Goldman
- Mercy Hospital System of Des Moines, Des Moines, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David R. Soll
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Terekhov SS, Smirnov IV, Shamborant OG, Zenkova MA, Chernolovskaya EL, Gladkikh DV, Murashev AN, Dyachenko IA, Knorre VD, Belogurov AA, Ponomarenko NA, Deyev SM, Vlasov VV, Gabibov AG. Excessive Labeling Technique Provides a Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Probe for Real-time Monitoring of Biodegradation of Biopolymer Pharmaceuticals in vivo. Acta Naturae 2014; 6:54-9. [PMID: 25558395 PMCID: PMC4273092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins represent a large sector of the biopharma market. Determination of the main elimination pathways raises the opportunities to significantly increase their half-lives in vivo. However, evaluation of biodegradation of pharmaceutical biopolymers performed in the course of pre-clinical studies is frequently complicated. Noninvasive pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies in living organism are possible using proteins conjugated with near-infrared dyes. In the present study we designed a highly efficient probe based on fluorescent dye self-quenching for monitoring of in vivo biodegradation of recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase. The maximum enhancement of integral fluorescence in response to degradation of an intravenously administered enzyme was observed 6 h after injection. Importantly, excessive butyrylcholinesterase labeling with fluorescent dye results in significant changes in the pharmacokinetic properties of the obtained conjugate. This fact must be taken into consideration during future pharmacokinetic studies using in vivo bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Terekhov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - I. V. Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, Russia, 117997,Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str. 18, 420008, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - O. G. Shamborant
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - M. A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E. L. Chernolovskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D. V. Gladkikh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A. N. Murashev
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russia
| | - I. A. Dyachenko
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Moscow region, Russia
| | - V. D. Knorre
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - A. A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, Russia, 117997,Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str. 18, 420008, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. A. Ponomarenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - S. M. Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - V. V. Vlasov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A. G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, Russia, 117997,Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str. 18, 420008, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 34/5, 119334, Moscow, Russia
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Rothberg JM, Sameni M, Moin K, Sloane BF. Live-cell imaging of tumor proteolysis: impact of cellular and non-cellular microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1824:123-32. [PMID: 21854877 PMCID: PMC3232330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has had a longstanding interest in how the interactions between tumors and their microenvironment affect malignant progression. Recently, we have focused on defining the proteolytic pathways that function in the transition of breast cancer from the pre-invasive lesions of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs). We use live-cell imaging to visualize, localize and quantify proteolysis as it occurs in real-time and thereby have established roles for lysosomal cysteine proteases both pericellularly and intracellularly in tumor proteolysis. To facilitate these studies, we have developed and optimized 3D organotypic co-culture models that recapitulate the in vivo interactions of mammary epithelial cells or tumor cells with stromal and inflammatory cells. Here we will discuss the background that led to our present studies as well as the techniques and models that we employ. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Microenvironment/physiology
- Diagnostic Imaging/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Microscopy, Video
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Proteolysis
- Single-Cell Analysis/methods
- Tumor Microenvironment/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Rothberg
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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