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Chintamaneni PK, Pindiprolu SKSS, Swain SS, Karri VVSR, Nesamony J, Chelliah S, Bhaskaran M. Conquering chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer: Exploring novel drug therapies and delivery approaches amidst desmoplasia and hypoxia. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216782. [PMID: 38453046 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer poses a significant challenge within the field of oncology due to its aggressive behaviour, limited treatment choices, and unfavourable outlook. With a mere 10% survival rate at the 5-year mark, finding effective interventions becomes even more pressing. The intricate relationship between desmoplasia and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment further complicates matters by promoting resistance to chemotherapy and impeding treatment efficacy. The dense extracellular matrix and cancer-associated fibroblasts characteristic of desmoplasia create a physical and biochemical barrier that impedes drug penetration and fosters an immunosuppressive milieu. Concurrently, hypoxia nurtures aggressive tumor behaviour and resistance to conventional therapies. a comprehensive exploration of emerging medications and innovative drug delivery approaches. Notably, advancements in nanoparticle-based delivery systems, local drug delivery implants, and oxygen-carrying strategies are highlighted for their potential to enhance drug accessibility and therapeutic outcomes. The integration of these strategies with traditional chemotherapies and targeted agents reveals the potential for synergistic effects that amplify treatment responses. These emerging interventions can mitigate desmoplasia and hypoxia-induced barriers, leading to improved drug delivery, treatment efficacy, and patient outcomes in pancreatic cancer. This review article delves into the dynamic landscape of emerging anticancer medications and innovative drug delivery strategies poised to overcome the challenges imposed by desmoplasia and hypoxia in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rudraram, 502329 Telangana, India.
| | | | - Swati Swagatika Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jerry Nesamony
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo HSC, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Selvam Chelliah
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX-77004, USA
| | - Mahendran Bhaskaran
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo HSC, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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2
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Meng X, Ma F, Yu D. The diverse effects of cisplatin on tumor microenvironment: Insights and challenges for the delivery of cisplatin by nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117362. [PMID: 37827371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a well-known platinum-based chemotherapy medication that is widely utilized for some malignancies. Despite the direct cytotoxic consequences of cisplatin on tumor cells, studies in the recent decade have revealed that cisplatin can also affect different cells and their secretions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cisplatin has complex impacts on the TME, which may contribute to its anti-tumor activity or drug resistance mechanisms. These regulatory effects of cisplatin play a paramount function in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. This paper aims to review the diverse impacts of cisplatin and nanoparticles loaded with cisplatin on cancer cells and also non-cancerous cells in TME. The impacts of cisplatin on immune cells, tumor stroma, cancer cells, and also hypoxia will be discussed in the current review. Furthermore, we emphasize the challenges and prospects of using cisplatin in combination with other adjuvants and therapeutic modalities that target TME. We also discuss the potential synergistic effects of cisplatin with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and other agents with anticancer potentials such as polyphenols and photosensitizers. Furthermore, the potential of nanoparticles for targeting TME and better delivery of cisplatin into tumors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Meng
- Zhuji Sixth People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311801, China
| | - Fengyun Ma
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China.
| | - Dingli Yu
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
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Olajubutu O, Ogundipe OD, Adebayo A, Adesina SK. Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051318. [PMID: 37242560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is fast becoming a global menace and it is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which develop in the pancreas' exocrine region, are the predominant type of pancreatic cancer, representing about 95% of total pancreatic tumors. The malignancy progresses asymptomatically, making early diagnosis difficult. It is characterized by excessive production of fibrotic stroma known as desmoplasia, which aids tumor growth and metastatic spread by remodeling the extracellular matrix and releasing tumor growth factors. For decades, immense efforts have been harnessed toward developing more effective drug delivery systems for pancreatic cancer treatment leveraging nanotechnology, immunotherapy, drug conjugates, and combinations of these approaches. However, despite the reported preclinical success of these approaches, no substantial progress has been made clinically and the prognosis for pancreatic cancer is worsening. This review provides insights into challenges associated with the delivery of therapeutics for pancreatic cancer treatment and discusses drug delivery strategies to minimize adverse effects associated with current chemotherapy options and to improve the efficiency of drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omotola D Ogundipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Amusa Adebayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Simeon K Adesina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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4
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Singla A, Marwaha A, Marwaha S. Multi-criterion optimization of invasive antenna applicators for Au@Fe 3O4, Au@-Fe 2O 3 and Au@-Fe 2O 3 mediated microwave ablation treatment. Electromagn Biol Med 2023; 42:21-40. [PMID: 36857381 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2023.2184381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) mediated microwave ablation has the great potential at present to address challenges associated with treatment planning such as maximum heat generation in the vicinity of targeted tissues in lesser penetration time. Further, the antenna applicators injected in human phantom must be rigid and thin. The derivative-free optimization algorithms are carried out for optimum design of monopole, slot, dipole, and tapered slot antenna applicators for ablation of tumour tissues invasively. It is found that in terms of input impedance matching, the used multi-criterion Nelder-Mead optimization performs efficiently for tapered slot applicator achieving S11 value of -40 dB with much reduced antenna dimensions. In order to further escalate the performance of tapered slot antenna, gold (Au)-coated iron-based MNPs are suggested for tumor infusion. Spherical gold-coated shell material is preferrable for more sphericity of ablation zone, biocompatibility and due to high conductivity, heat generated in MNPs can be transferred to biological tissues more rapidly. The size, type, and shape of MNPs also influence the heat generation in tumor tissues. Thus, three different types of MNPs having high magnetization properties, Au@Fe3O4, Au@α-Fe2O3 and Au@γ-Fe2O3 have been employed to study the performance in terms of maximum rise in temperature, specific absorption rate (SAR), and area of ablation zone by varying core size radius of MNPs. Results demonstrate that increase in radius of MNP core helps in increasing the temperature distribution and reduction in ablation zone. The optimized lesion is achieved for 20 nm core radius of Au@Fe3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singla
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, SLIET Longowal, Sangrur, India
| | - Anupma Marwaha
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, SLIET Longowal, Sangrur, India
| | - Sanjay Marwaha
- Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department, SLIET Longowal, Sangrur, India
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5
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Subrahmanyam N, Yathavan B, Kessler J, Yu SM, Ghandehari H. HPMA copolymer-collagen hybridizing peptide conjugates targeted to breast tumor extracellular matrix. J Control Release 2023; 353:278-288. [PMID: 36244509 PMCID: PMC10799842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is dynamically involved in many aspects of cell growth and survival, and it plays an active role in cancer etiology. In comparison to healthy ECM, tumor associated ECM shows high collagen deposition and remodeling activity, which results in an increased amount of denatured collagen strands in tumor tissues. Capitalizing on this distinguishing feature, we developed tumor-localizing polymeric carriers that selectively bind to denatured collagen in the tumor ECM. We synthesized N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with their side chains conjugated to collagen hybridizing peptides (CHPs). HPMA copolymer-CHP conjugates exhibited selective affinity to denatured collagen and localized to tumors in an orthotopic MDA-MB-231 murine breast cancer model. The conjugates had increased tumor localization compared to copolymers with scrambled peptides in the side chains, as well as increased retention compared to free CHPs. Such conjugates show promise as carriers for ECM-acting drugs and imaging agents in the management of diseases characterized by high ECM remodeling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Subrahmanyam
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 United States of America; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America
| | - Bhuvanesh Yathavan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 United States of America; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America
| | - Julian Kessler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America
| | - S Michael Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America.
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 United States of America; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America.
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Souri M, Soltani M, Moradi Kashkooli F, Kiani Shahvandi M, Chiani M, Shariati FS, Mehrabi MR, Munn LL. Towards principled design of cancer nanomedicine to accelerate clinical translation. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100208. [PMID: 35198957 PMCID: PMC8841842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology in medical applications, especially in oncology as drug delivery systems, has recently shown promising results. However, although these advances have been promising in the pre-clinical stages, the clinical translation of this technology is challenging. To create drug delivery systems with increased treatment efficacy for clinical translation, the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles such as size, shape, elasticity (flexibility/rigidity), surface chemistry, and surface charge can be specified to optimize efficiency for a given application. Consequently, interdisciplinary researchers have focused on producing biocompatible materials, production technologies, or new formulations for efficient loading, and high stability. The effects of design parameters can be studied in vitro, in vivo, or using computational models, with the goal of understanding how they affect nanoparticle biophysics and their interactions with cells. The present review summarizes the advances and technologies in the production and design of cancer nanomedicines to achieve clinical translation and commercialization. We also highlight existing challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Key Words
- CFL, Cell-free layer
- CGMD, Coarse-grained molecular dynamic
- Clinical translation
- DPD, Dissipative particle dynamic
- Drug delivery
- Drug loading
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EPR, Permeability and retention
- IFP, Interstitial fluid pressure
- MD, Molecular dynamic
- MDR, Multidrug resistance
- MEC, Minimum effective concentration
- MMPs, Matrix metalloproteinases
- MPS, Mononuclear phagocyte system
- MTA, Multi-tadpole assemblies
- MTC, Minimum toxic concentration
- Nanomedicine
- Nanoparticle design
- RBC, Red blood cell
- TAF, Tumor-associated fibroblast
- TAM, Tumor-associated macrophage
- TIMPs, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TME, Tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Souri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Computational Medicine Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Lance L. Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Battistella C, Liang Y, Gianneschi NC. Innovations in Disease State Responsive Soft Materials for Targeting Extracellular Stimuli Associated with Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007504. [PMID: 34145625 PMCID: PMC9836048 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in polymer chemistry, materials sciences, and biotechnology have allowed the preclinical development of sophisticated programmable nanomedicines and materials that are able to precisely respond to specific disease-associated triggers and microenvironments. These stimuli, endogenous to the targeted diseases, include pH, redox-state, small molecules, and protein upregulation. Herein, recent advances and innovative approaches in programmable soft materials capable of sensing the aforementioned disease-associated stimuli and responding via a range of dynamic processes including morphological and size transitions, changes in mobility and retention, as well as disassembly are described. In this field generally, the majority of ongoing and past research effort has focused on oncology. Given this interest, examples of the latest innovative approaches to chemo- and immunotherapy treatment strategies for cancer are presented. Moreover, as the field broadens its attention, applications of programmable materials in other diseases are highlighted, with a special focus on cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, where limited attention is paid by the field, but where many promising avenues exist with high potential impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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8
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Preparation and evaluation of folate-modified albumin baicalin-loaded nanoparticles for the targeted treatment of breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Moradi Kashkooli F, Soltani M, Momeni MM, Rahmim A. Enhanced Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors via Drug-Loaded Nanocarriers: An Image-Based Computational Framework. Front Oncol 2021; 11:655781. [PMID: 34249692 PMCID: PMC8264267 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.655781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Nano-sized drug delivery systems (NSDDSs) offer a promising therapeutic technology with sufficient biocompatibility, stability, and drug-loading rates towards efficient drug delivery to solid tumors. We aim to apply a multi-scale computational model for evaluating drug delivery to predict treatment efficacy. Methodology Three strategies for drug delivery, namely conventional chemotherapy (one-stage), as well as chemotherapy through two- and three-stage NSDDSs, were simulated and compared. A geometric model of the tumor and the capillary network was obtained by processing a real image. Subsequently, equations related to intravascular and interstitial flows as well as drug transport in tissue were solved by considering real conditions as well as details such as drug binding to cells and cellular uptake. Finally, the role of periodic treatments was investigated considering tumor recurrence between treatments. The impact of different parameters, nanoparticle (NP) size, binding affinity of drug, and the kinetics of release rate, were additionally investigated to determine their therapeutic efficacy. Results Using NPs considerably increases the fraction of killed cells (FKCs) inside the tumor compared to conventional chemotherapy. Tumoral FKCs for two-stage DDS with smaller NP size (20nm) is higher than that of larger NPs (100nm), in all investigate release rates. Slower and continuous release of the chemotherapeutic agents from NPs have better treatment outcomes in comparison with faster release rate. In three-stage DDS, for intermediate and higher binding affinities, it is desirable for the secondary particle to be released at a faster rate, and the drug with slower rate. In lower binding affinities, high release rates have better performance. Results also demonstrate that after 5 treatments with three-stage DDS, 99.6% of tumor cells (TCs) are killed, while two-stage DDS and conventional chemotherapy kill 95.6% and 88.5% of tumor cells in the same period, respectively. Conclusion The presented framework has the potential to enable decision making for new drugs via computational modeling of treatment responses and has the potential to aid oncologists with personalized treatment plans towards more optimal treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Masoud Momeni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Swaminathan G, Shigna A, Kumar A, Byroju VV, Durgempudi VR, Dinesh Kumar L. RNA Interference and Nanotechnology: A Promising Alliance for Next Generation Cancer Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.694838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant health hazard of the 21st century, and GLOBOCAN predicts increasing cancer incidence in the coming decades. Though several conventional treatment modalities exist, most of them end up causing off-target and debilitating effects, and drug resistance acquisition. Advances in our understanding of tumor molecular biology offer alternative strategies for precise, robust, and potentially less toxic treatment paradigms for circumventing the disease at the cellular and molecular level. Several deregulated molecules associated with tumorigenesis have been developed as targets in RNA interference (RNAi) based cancer therapeutics. RNAi, a post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanism, has significantly gained attention because of its precise multi-targeted gene silencing. Although the RNAi approach is favorable, the direct administration of small oligonucleotides has not been fruitful because of their inherent lower half-lives and instability in the biological systems. Moreover, the lack of an appropriate delivery system to the primary site of the tumor that helps determine the potency of the drug and its reach, has limited the effective medical utilization of these bio-drugs. Nanotechnology, with its unique characteristics of enhanced permeation and better tumor-targeting efficiency, offers promising solutions owing to the various possibilities and amenability for modifications of the nanoparticles to augment cancer therapeutics. Nanoparticles could be made multimodal, by designing and synthesizing multiple desired functionalities, often resulting in unique and potentially applicable biological structures. A small number of Phase I clinical trials with systemically administered siRNA molecules conjugated with nanoparticles have been completed and the results are promising, indicating that, these new combinatorial therapies can successfully and safely be used to inhibit target genes in cancer patients to alleviate some of the disease burden. In this review, we highlight different types of nano-based delivery strategies for engineering Nano-RNAi-based bio drugs. Furthermore, we have highlighted the insights gained from current research that are entering the preclinical evaluation and information about initial clinical developments, shaping the future for next generation cancer therapeutics.
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Carbon Dot Nanoparticles: Exploring the Potential Use for Gene Delivery in Ophthalmic Diseases. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040935. [PMID: 33917548 PMCID: PMC8067473 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ocular gene therapy offers significant potential for preventing retinal dystrophy in patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) based gene transfer is the most common and successful gene delivery approach to the eye. These days, many studies are using non-viral nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative therapeutic option because of their unique properties and biocompatibility. Here, we discuss the potential of carbon dots (CDs), a new type of nanocarrier for gene delivery to the retinal cells. The unique physicochemical properties of CDs (such as optical, electronic, and catalytic) make them suitable for biosensing, imaging, drug, and gene delivery applications. Efficient gene delivery to the retinal cells using CDs depends on various factors, such as photoluminescence, quantum yield, biocompatibility, size, and shape. In this review, we focused on different approaches used to synthesize CDs, classify CDs, various pathways for the intake of gene-loaded carbon nanoparticles inside the cell, and multiple studies that worked on transferring nucleic acid in the eye using CDs.
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12
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Shen J, Chen J, Ma J, Fan L, Zhang X, Yue T, Yan Y, Zhang Y. Enhanced lysosome escape mediated by 1,2-dicarboxylic-cyclohexene anhydride-modified poly-l-lysine dendrimer as a gene delivery system. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:759-776. [PMID: 33363631 PMCID: PMC7750821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) can directly interfere a series of biological events of the target RNA derived from tumor cells through Watson-Crick base pairing, in turn, plays antitumor therapeutic roles. In the study, a novel HIF-1α ASODN-loaded nanocomposite was formulated to efficiently deliver gene to the target RNA. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposite were characterized using TEM, FTIR, DLS and zeta potentials. The mean diameter of resulting GEL-DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA nanocomposite was about 170-192 nm, and according to the agarose gel retardation assay, the loading amount of ASODN accounted for 166.7 mg/g. The results of cellular uptake showed that the nanocomposite could specifically target to HepG2 and Hela cells. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the toxicity of vectors was greatly reduced by using DCA to reversibly block the cationic DGL. The subcellular distribution images clearly displayed the lysosomal escape ability of the DCA-modified nanocomposite. In vitro exploration of molecular mechanism indicated that the nanocomposite could inhibit mRNA expression and HIF-1α protein translation at different levels. In vivo optical images and quantitative assay testified that the formulation accumulated preferentially in the tumor tissue. In vivo antitumor efficacy research confirmed that this nanocomposite had significant antitumor activity and the tumor inhibitory rate was 77.99%. These results manifested that the GEL-DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA nanocomposite was promising in gene therapeutics for antitumor by interacting directly with target RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Linlan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Ting Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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13
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Barkat HA, Das SS, Barkat MA, Beg S, Hadi HA. Selective targeting of cancer signaling pathways with nanomedicines: challenges and progress. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2959-2979. [PMID: 32805124 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Regardless of advances in understanding the molecular mechanics of cancer, its treatment is still lacking and the death rates for many forms of the disease remain the same as six decades ago. Although a variety of therapeutic agents and strategies have been reported, these therapies often failed to provide efficient therapy to patients as a consequence of the inability to deliver right and adequate chemotherapeutic agents to the right place. However, the situation has started to revolutionize substantially with the advent of novel 'targeted' nanocarrier-based cancer therapies. Such therapies hold great potential in cancer management as they are biocompatible, tailored to specific needs, tolerated and deliver enough drugs at the targeted site. Their use also enhances the delivery of chemotherapeutics by improving biodistribution, lowering toxicity, inhibiting degradation and increasing cellular uptake. However, in some instances, nonselective targeting is not enough and the inclusion of a ligand moiety is required to achieve tumor targeting and enhanced drug accumulation at the tumor site. This contemporary review outlines the targeting potential of nanocarriers, highlighting the essentiality of nanoparticles, tumor-associated molecular signaling pathways, and various biological and pathophysiological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al-Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, BIT, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al-Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Hazrina Ab Hadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, 25200, Malaysia
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Cevenini A, Celia C, Orrù S, Sarnataro D, Raia M, Mollo V, Locatelli M, Imperlini E, Peluso N, Peltrini R, De Rosa E, Parodi A, Del Vecchio L, Di Marzio L, Fresta M, Netti PA, Shen H, Liu X, Tasciotti E, Salvatore F. Liposome-Embedding Silicon Microparticle for Oxaliplatin Delivery in Tumor Chemotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060559. [PMID: 32560359 PMCID: PMC7355455 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silicon microparticles (MSMPs) can incorporate drug-carrying nanoparticles (NPs) into their pores. An NP-loaded MSMP is a multistage vector (MSV) that forms a Matryoshka-like structure that protects the therapeutic cargo from degradation and prevents its dilution in the circulation during delivery to tumor cells. We developed an MSV constituted by 1 µm discoidal MSMPs embedded with PEGylated liposomes containing oxaliplatin (oxa) which is a therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer (CRC). To obtain extra-small liposomes able to fit the 60 nm pores of MSMP, we tested several liposomal formulations, and identified two optimal compositions, with a prevalence of the rigid lipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]. To improve the MSV assembly, we optimized the liposome-loading inside the MSMP and achieved a five-fold increase of the payload using an innovative lyophilization approach. This procedure also increased the load and limited dimensional changes of the liposomes released from the MSV in vitro. Lastly, we found that the cytotoxic efficacy of oxa-loaded liposomes and-oxa-liposome-MSV in CRC cell culture was similar to that of free oxa. This study increases knowledge about extra-small liposomes and their loading into porous materials and provides useful hints about alternative strategies for designing drug-encapsulating NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Cevenini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annuzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.D.M.)
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.R.); (H.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Stefania Orrù
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università “Parthenope”, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- IRCCS SDN, 80143 Napoli, Italy; (E.I.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Sarnataro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Maddalena Raia
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Italian Institute of Technology@CRIB Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annuzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.D.M.)
| | | | - Nicoletta Peluso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Rosa Peltrini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Enrica De Rosa
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.R.); (H.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- IRCCS SDN, 80143 Napoli, Italy; (E.I.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annuzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Italian Institute of Technology@CRIB Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.N.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.R.); (H.S.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.R.); (H.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (F.S.)
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Abstract
The current therapies against cancer showed limited success. Nanotechnology is a promising strategy for cancer tracking, diagnosis, and therapy. The hybrid nanotechnology assembled several materials in a multimodal system to develop multifunctional approaches to cancer treatment. The quantum dot and polymer are some of these hybrid nanoparticle platforms. The quantum dot hybrid system possesses photonic and magnetic properties, allowing photothermal therapy and live multimodal imaging of cancer. These quantum dots were used to convey medicines to cancer cells. Hybrid polymer nanoparticles were utilized for the systemic delivery of small interfering RNA to malignant tumors and metastasis. They allowed non-invasive imaging to track in real-time the biodistribution of small interfering RNA in the whole body. They offer an opportunity to treat cancers by specifically silencing target genes. This review highlights the major nanotechnology approaches to effectively treat cancer and metastasis.
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16
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Thurner GC, Debbage P. Molecular imaging with nanoparticles: the dwarf actors revisited 10 years later. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:733-794. [PMID: 30443735 PMCID: PMC6267421 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We explore present-day trends and challenges in nanomedicine. Creativity in the laboratories continues: the published literature on novel nanoparticles is now vast. Nanoagents are discussed here which are composed entirely of strongly photoluminescent materials, tunable to desired optical properties and of inherently low toxicity. We focus on "quantum nanoparticles" prepared from allotropes of carbon. The principles behind strong, tunable photoluminescence are quantum mechanical: we present them in simple outline. The major industries racing to develop these materials can offer significant technical guidance to nanomedicine, which could help to custom-design strongly signalling nanoagents specifically for stated clinical applications. Since such agents are small, they can be targeted easily, making active targeting possible. We consider it timely now to study the interactions nanoparticles undergo with tissue components in living animals and to learn to understand and overcome the numerous barriers the organism interposes between the blood and targets in or on parenchymal cells. As the near infra-red spectrum opens up, detection of glowing nanoparticles several centimeters deep in a living human subject becomes calculable and we present a simple way to do this. Finally, we discuss the slow-fuse and resource-inefficient entry of nanoparticles into clinical application. A first possible reason is failure to target across the body's barriers, see above. Second, in the sparse translational landscape funding and support gaps yawn widely between academic research and subsequent development. We consider the agendas of the numerous "stakeholders" participating in this sad landscape and point to some faint glimmers of hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun C Thurner
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Debbage
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Medical University Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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17
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Rudramurthy GR, Swamy MK. Potential applications of engineered nanoparticles in medicine and biology: an update. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:1185-1204. [PMID: 30097748 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology advancements have led to the development of its allied fields, such as nanoparticle synthesis and their applications in the field of biomedicine. Nanotechnology driven innovations have given a hope to the patients as well as physicians in solving the complex medical problems. Nanoparticles with a size ranging from 0.2 to 100 nm are associated with an increased surface to volume ratio. Moreover, the physico-chemical and biological properties of nanoparticles can be modified depending on the applications. Different nanoparticles have been documented with a wide range of applications in various fields of medicine and biology including cancer therapy, drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, biomolecules detection, and also as antimicrobial agents. However, the development of stable and effective nanoparticles requires a profound knowledge on both physico-chemical features of nanomaterials and their intended applications. Further, the health risks associated with the use of engineered nanoparticles needs a serious attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallappa Kumara Swamy
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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18
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Dai J, Han S, Ju F, Han M, Xu L, Zhang R, Sun Y. Preparation and evaluation of tumour microenvironment response multistage nanoparticles for epirubicin delivery and deep tumour penetration. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:860-873. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1470528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shangcong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Ju
- Department of Oncology, No. 2 Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lisa Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Wu W, Luo L, Wang Y, Wu Q, Dai HB, Li JS, Durkan C, Wang N, Wang GX. Endogenous pH-responsive nanoparticles with programmable size changes for targeted tumor therapy and imaging applications. Theranostics 2018; 8:3038-3058. [PMID: 29896301 PMCID: PMC5996358 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based antitumor drug delivery systems, known as nanocarriers, have demonstrated their efficacy in recent years. Typically, the size of the nanocarriers is around 100 nm. It is imperative to achieve an optimum size of these nanocarriers which must be designed uniquely for each type of delivery process. For pH-responsive nanocarriers with programmable size, changes in pH (~6.5 for tumor tissue, ~5.5 for endosomes, and ~5.0 for lysosomes) may serve as an endogenous stimulus improving the safety and therapeutic efficacy of antitumor drugs. This review focuses on current advanced pH-responsive nanocarriers with programmable size changes for anticancer drug delivery. In particular, pH-responsive mechanisms for nanocarrier retention at tumor sites, size reduction for penetrating into tumor parenchyma, escaping from endo/lysosomes, and swelling or disassembly for drug release will be highlighted. Additional trends and challenges of employing these nanocarriers in future clinical applications are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Han-Bin Dai
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jian-Shu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Colm Durkan
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Nan Wang
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Gui-Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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20
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Stylianopoulos T, Munn LL, Jain RK. Reengineering the Physical Microenvironment of Tumors to Improve Drug Delivery and Efficacy: From Mathematical Modeling to Bench to Bedside. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:292-319. [PMID: 29606314 PMCID: PMC5930008 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical forces have a crucial role in tumor progression and cancer treatment. The application of principles of engineering and physical sciences to oncology has provided powerful insights into the mechanisms by which these forces affect tumor progression and confer resistance to delivery and efficacy of molecular, nano-, cellular, and immuno-medicines. Here, we discuss the mechanics of the solid and fluid components of a tumor, with a focus on how they impede the transport of therapeutic agents and create an abnormal tumor microenvironment (TME) that fuels tumor progression and treatment resistance. We also present strategies to reengineer the TME by normalizing the tumor vasculature and the extracellular matrix (ECM) to improve cancer treatment. Finally, we summarize various mathematical models that have provided insights into the physical barriers to cancer treatment and revealed new strategies to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus.
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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21
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Deng H, Song K, Zhang J, Deng L, Dong A, Qin Z. Modulating the rigidity of nanoparticles for tumor penetration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3014-3017. [PMID: 29511753 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
How the rigidity of nanoparticles affects their penetration into tumors is unclear. Core-shell nanoparticles were prepared with amphipathic poly(ethylene glycol)-b-(poly ε-caprolactone-g-poly butyl acrylate) (PEG-(PCL-g-PBA)) so that the mechanical stiffness of their cores could be varied in order to test the relationship between their rigidity and penetration through tumors. The rigidity of the nanoparticles was adjusted by the changeable crystallinity of the core, which was altered by varying the ratio of ε-caprolactone and butyl acrylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhang Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China. and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China and Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kun Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China. and Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Liandong Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China. and Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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22
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Tran S, DeGiovanni PJ, Piel B, Rai P. Cancer nanomedicine: a review of recent success in drug delivery. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:44. [PMID: 29230567 PMCID: PMC5725398 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the most difficult global healthcare problems. Although there is a large library of drugs that can be used in cancer treatment, the problem is selectively killing all the cancer cells while reducing collateral toxicity to healthy cells. There are several biological barriers to effective drug delivery in cancer such as renal, hepatic, or immune clearance. Nanoparticles loaded with drugs can be designed to overcome these biological barriers to improve efficacy while reducing morbidity. Nanomedicine has ushered in a new era for drug delivery by improving the therapeutic indices of the active pharmaceutical ingredients engineered within nanoparticles. First generation nanomedicines have received widespread clinical approval over the past two decades, from Doxil® (liposomal doxorubicin) in 1995 to Onivyde® (liposomal irinotecan) in 2015. This review highlights the biological barriers to effective drug delivery in cancer, emphasizing the need for nanoparticles for improving therapeutic outcomes. A summary of different nanoparticles used for drug delivery applications in cancer are presented. The review summarizes recent successes in cancer nanomedicine in the clinic. The clinical trials of Onivyde leading to its approval in 2015 by the Food and Drug Adminstration are highlighted as a case study in the recent clinical success of nanomedicine against cancer. Next generation nanomedicines need to be better targeted to specifically destroy cancerous tissue, but face several obstacles in their clinical development, including identification of appropriate biomarkers to target, scale-up of synthesis, and reproducible characterization. These hurdles need to be overcome through multidisciplinary collaborations across academia, pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory agencies in order to achieve the goal of eradicating cancer. This review discusses the current use of clinically approved nanomedicines, the investigation of nanomedicines in clinical trials, and the challenges that may hinder development of the nanomedicines for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA
| | - Peter-Joseph DeGiovanni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 1 University ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA
| | - Brandon Piel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 1 University ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA
| | - Prakash Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 1 University ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA
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23
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Hu X, Wu T, Bao Y, Zhang Z. Nanotechnology based therapeutic modality to boost anti-tumor immunity and collapse tumor defense. J Control Release 2017; 256:26-45. [PMID: 28434891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is still the leading cause of death. While traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy play dominating roles, recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy indicate that the influence of immune system on cancer development is virtually beyond our expectation. Manipulating the immune system to fight against cancer has been thriving in recent years. Further understanding of tumor anatomy provides opportunities to put a brake on immunosuppression by overcoming tumor intrinsic resistance or modulating tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology which provides versatile engineered approaches to enhance therapeutic effects may potentially contribute to the development of future cancer treatment modality. In this review, we will focus on the application of nanotechnology both in boosting anti-tumor immunity and collapsing tumor defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuling Bao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, PR China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, PR China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel Drug Delivery System, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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24
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To exploit the tumor microenvironment: Since the EPR effect fails in the clinic, what is the future of nanomedicine? J Control Release 2016; 244:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 752] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Feng X, Liu J, Fan S, Liu F, Li Y, Jin Y, Bai L, Yang Z. The identification of goat peroxiredoxin-5 and the evaluation and enhancement of its stability by nanoparticle formation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24467. [PMID: 27074889 PMCID: PMC4830999 DOI: 10.1038/srep24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP), goat peroxiredoxin-5 (gPRDX5), was identified from goat-spleen extract after immunizing the goat with gastric cancer-cell lysate. Its amino acid sequence was determined by employing 2D nano-LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS combined with Mascot database search in the goat subset of the Uniprot database. The recombinant gPRDX5 protein was acquired by heterogeneous expression in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, the anti-cancer bioactivity of the peptide was measured by several kinds of tumor cells. The results indicated that the gPRDX5 was a good anti-cancer candidate, especially for killing B16 cells. However, the peptide was found to be unstable without modification with pharmaceutical excipients, which would be a hurdle for future medicinal application. In order to overcome this problem and find an effective way to evaluate the gPRDX5, nanoparticle formation, which has been widely used in drug delivery because of its steadiness in application, less side-effects and enhancement of drug accumulation in target issues, was used here to address the issues. In this work, the gPRDX5 was dispersed into nanoparticles before delivered to B16 cells. By the nanotechnological method, the gPRDX5 was stabilized by a fast and accurate procedure, which suggests a promising way for screening the peptide for further possible medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Feng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Fan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Bai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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26
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Friberg S, Nyström AM. NANOMEDICINE: will it offer possibilities to overcome multiple drug resistance in cancer? J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:17. [PMID: 26955956 PMCID: PMC4784447 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is written with the purpose to review the current nanomedicine literature and provide an outlook on the developments in utilizing nanoscale drug constructs in treatment of solid cancers as well as in the potential treatment of multi-drug resistant cancers. No specific design principles for this review have been utilized apart from our active choice to avoid results only based on in vitro studies. Few drugs based on nanotechnology have progressed to clinical trials, since most are based only on in vitro experiments which do not give the necessary data for the research to progress towards pre-clinical studies. The area of nanomedicine has indeed spark much attention and holds promise for improved future therapeutics in the treatment of solid cancers. However, despite much investment few targeted therapeutics have successfully progressed to early clinical trials, indicating yet again that the human body is complicated and that much more understanding of the fundamentals of receptor interactions, physics of nanomedical constructs and their circulation in the body is indeed needed. We believe that nanomedical therapeutics can allow for more efficient treatments of resistant cancers, and may well be a cornerstone for RNA based therapeutics in the future given their general need for shielding from the harsh environment in the blood stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Friberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas M Nyström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Stylianopoulos T, Jain RK. Design considerations for nanotherapeutics in oncology. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1893-907. [PMID: 26282377 PMCID: PMC4628869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics have improved the quality of life of cancer patients, primarily by reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents, but improvements in overall survival are modest. This is in large part due to the fact that the enhanced permeability and retention effect, which is the basis for the use of nanoparticles in cancer, can be also a barrier to the delivery of nanomedicines. A careful design of nanoparticle formulations can overcome barriers posed by the tumor microenvironment and result in better treatments. In this review, we first discuss strengths and limitations of clinically-approved nanoparticles. Then, we evaluate design parameters that can be modulated to optimize delivery. The benefits of active tumor targeting and drug release rate on intratumoral delivery and treatment efficacy are also discussed. Finally, we suggest specific design strategies that should optimize delivery to most solid tumors and discuss under what conditions active targeting would be beneficial. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Advances in nanotechnology have seen the introduction of new treatment modalities for cancer. The principle of action using nanocarriers for drug delivery is based mostly on the Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect. This phenomenon however, can also be a hindrance. In this article, the authors performed an in-depth review on various nanoparticle platforms in cancer therapeutics. They also suggested options to improve drug delivery, in terms of carrier design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Khandelia R, Bhandari S, Pan UN, Ghosh SS, Chattopadhyay A. Gold Nanocluster Embedded Albumin Nanoparticles for Two-Photon Imaging of Cancer Cells Accompanying Drug Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4075-81. [PMID: 25939342 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters in albumin nanoparticles (nanovehicles) are used for single-photon and two-photon imaging of cancer cells following the delivery of doxorubicin through the nanovehicle. NIR excitation and emission wavelengths in the biological window (650-900 nm) make the nanovehicle an ideal potential platform for imaging guided drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Khandelia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Satyapriya Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Uday Narayan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Arun Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
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29
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Seo Y, Schulz A, Han Y, He Z, Bludau H, Wan X, Tong J, Bronich TK, Sokolsky M, Luxenhofer R, Jordan R, Kabanov AV. Poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymer based formulations of taxanes: effect of copolymer and drug structure, concentration, and environmental factors. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngee Seo
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
| | - Anita Schulz
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yingchao Han
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198-5830 USA
| | - Zhijian He
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
| | - Herdis Bludau
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Xiaomeng Wan
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
| | - Jing Tong
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198-5830 USA
| | - Tatiana K. Bronich
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198-5830 USA
| | - Marina Sokolsky
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, Department Chemistry and Pharmacy; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-7362 USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119992 Russia
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Fernandes E, Ferreira JA, Andreia P, Luís L, Barroso S, Sarmento B, Santos LL. New trends in guided nanotherapies for digestive cancers: A systematic review. J Control Release 2015; 209:288-307. [PMID: 25957905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Digestive tract tumors are among the most common and deadliest malignancies worldwide, mainly due to late diagnosis and lack of efficient therapeutics. Current treatments essentially rely on surgery associated with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy agents. Despite an upfront response, conventional drugs often fail to eliminate highly aggressive clones endowed with chemoresistant properties, which are responsible for tumor recurrence and disease dissemination. Synthetic drugs also present severe adverse systemic effects, hampering the administration of biologically effective dosages. Nanoencapsulation of chemotherapeutic agents within biocompatible polymeric or lipid matrices holds great potential to improve the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of conventional chemotherapy while reducing systemic toxicity. Tagging nanoparticle surfaces with specific ligands for cancer cells, namely monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments, has provided means to target more aggressive clones, further improving the selectivity and efficacy of nanodelivery vehicles. In fact, over the past twenty years, significant research has translated into a wide array of guided nanoparticles, providing the molecular background for a new generation of intelligent and more effective anti-cancer agents. Attempting to bring awareness among the medical community to emerging targeted nanopharmaceuticals and foster advances in the field, we have conducted a systematic review about this matter. Emphasis was set on ongoing preclinical and clinical trials for liver, colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancers. To the best of our knowledge this is the first systematic and integrated overview on this field. Using a specific query, 433 abstracts were gathered and narrowed to 47 manuscripts when matched against inclusion/exclusion criteria. All studies showed that active targeting improves the effectiveness of the nanodrugs alone, while lowering its side effects. The main focus has been on hepatocarcinomas, mainly by exploring glycans as homing molecules. Other ligands such as peptides/small proteins and antibodies/antibody fragments, with affinity to either tumor vasculature or tumor cells, have also been widely and successfully applied to guide nanodrugs to gastrointestinal carcinomas. Conversely, few solutions have been presented for pancreatic tumors. To this date only three nanocomplexes have progressed beyond pre-clinical stages: i) PK2, a galactosamine-functionalized polymeric-DOX formulation for hepatocarcinomas; ii) MCC-465, an anti-(myosin heavy chain a) immunoliposome for advanced stage metastatic solid tumors; and iii) MBP-426, a transferrin-liposome-oxaliplatin conjugate, also for advanced stage tumors. Still, none has been approved for clinical use. However, based on the high amount of pre-clinical studies showing enthusiastic results, the number of clinical trials is expected to increase in the near future. A more profound understanding about the molecular nature of chemoresistant clones and cancer stem cell biology will also contribute to boost the field of guided nanopharmacology towards more effective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Fernandes
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; Mass Spectrometry Center, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Peixoto Andreia
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lima Luís
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; Nucleo de Investigação em Farmácia - Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Barroso
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal; Health School of University of Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
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Wang B, Galliford CV, Low PS. Guiding principles in the design of ligand-targeted nanomedicines. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:313-30. [PMID: 24552563 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicines for the treatment of most human pathologies are encumbered by unwanted side effects that arise from the deposition of an effective drug into the wrong tissues. The logical remedy for these undesirable properties involves selective targeting of the therapeutic agent to pathologic cells, thereby avoiding collateral toxicity to healthy cells. Since significant advantages can also accrue by incorporating a therapeutic or imaging agent into a nanoparticle, many laboratories are now combining both benefits into a single formulation. This review will focus on the major guiding principles in the design of ligand-targeted nanoparticles, including optimization of their chemical and physical properties, selection of the ideal targeting ligand, engineering of the appropriate surface passivation and linker strategies to achieve selective delivery of the entrapped cargo to the desired diseased cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chris V Galliford
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Gao Y, Xie J, Chen H, Gu S, Zhao R, Shao J, Jia L. Nanotechnology-based intelligent drug design for cancer metastasis treatment. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:761-77. [PMID: 24211475 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapy used today at clinics is mainly inherited from the thinking and designs made four decades ago when the Cancer War was declared. The potency of those chemotherapy drugs on in-vitro cancer cells is clearly demonstrated at even nanomolar levels. However, due to their non-specific effects in the body on normal tissues, these drugs cause toxicity, deteriorate patient's life quality, weaken the host immunosurveillance system, and result in an irreversible damage to human's own recovery power. Owing to their unique physical and biological properties, nanotechnology-based chemotherapies seem to have an ability to specifically and safely reach tumor foci with enhanced efficacy and low toxicity. Herein, we comprehensively examine the current nanotechnology-based pharmaceutical platforms and strategies for intelligent design of new nanomedicines based on targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) for cancer metastasis treatment, analyze the pros and cons of nanomedicines versus traditional chemotherapy, and evaluate the importance that nanomaterials can bring in to significantly improve cancer metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Institute, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Institute, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Institute, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Songen Gu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Institute, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rongli Zhao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Institute, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Institute, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Institute, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been an unprecedented expansion in the field of nanomedicine with the development of new nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles have unique biological properties given their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio, which allows them to bind, absorb, and carry compounds such as small molecule drugs, DNA, RNA, proteins, and probes with high efficiency. Their tunable size, shape, and surface characteristics also enable them to have high stability, high carrier capacity, the ability to incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances and compatibility with different administration routes, thereby making them highly attractive in many aspects of oncology. This review article will discuss how nanoparticles are able to function as carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs to increase their therapeutic index; how they can function as therapeutic agents in photodynamic, gene, and thermal therapy; and how nanoparticles can be used as molecular imaging agents to detect and monitor cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnesh S Thakor
- Visiting Research Scholar, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Fellow in Interventional Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Academic Fellow, Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Cancer nanomedicines approved so far minimize toxicity, but their efficacy is often limited by physiological barriers posed by the tumour microenvironment. Here, we discuss how these barriers can be overcome through innovative nanomedicine design and through creative manipulation of the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash P. Chauhan
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Buckway B, Wang Y, Ray A, Ghandehari H. Overcoming the stromal barrier for targeted delivery of HPMA copolymers to pancreatic tumors. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:202-11. [PMID: 23933441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of macromolecules to pancreatic cancer is inhibited by a dense extracellular matrix composed of hyaluronic acid, smooth muscle actin and collagen fibers. Hyaluronic acid causes a high intratumoral fluidic pressure which prevents diffusion and penetration into the pancreatic tumor. This study involves the breaking down of hyaluronic acid by treating CAPAN-1 xenograft tumors in athymic nu/nu mice with targeted N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers radiolabeled with (111)In for single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging. Two targeting strategies were investigated including αvβ3 integrin and HER2 receptors. HPMA copolymers were targeted to these receptors by conjugating short peptide ligands cRGDfK and KCCYSL to the side chains of the copolymer. Results demonstrate that tumor targeting can be achieved in vivo after treatment with hyaluronidase. This approach shows promise for enhanced delivery of polymer-peptide conjugates to solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Buckway
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and of Bioengineering, Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, 5205 SMBB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Wen AM, Rambhia PH, French RH, Steinmetz NF. Design rules for nanomedical engineering: from physical virology to the applications of virus-based materials in medicine. J Biol Phys 2013; 39:301-25. [PMID: 23860875 PMCID: PMC3662409 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-013-9314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical virology seeks to define the principles of physics underlying viral infections, traditionally focusing on the fundamental processes governing virus assembly, maturation, and disassembly. A detailed understanding of virus structure and assembly has facilitated the development and analysis of virus-based materials for medical applications. In this Physical Virology review article, we discuss the recent developments in nanomedicine that help us to understand how physical properties affect the in vivo fate and clinical impact of (virus-based) nanoparticles. We summarize and discuss the design rules that need to be considered for the successful development and translation of virus-based nanomaterials from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Wen
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Pooja H. Rambhia
- />Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Roger H. French
- />Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- />Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- />Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Sun J, Luo C, Wang Y, He Z. The holistic 3M modality of drug delivery nanosystems for cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:845-859. [PMID: 23292001 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become the leading cause of human death worldwide. There are many challenges in the treatment of cancer and the rapidly developing area of nanotechnology has shown great potential to open a new era in cancer therapy. This article, rather than being exhaustive, focuses on the striking progress in the drug delivery nanosystems (DDNS) for cancer therapy and selects typical examples to point out the emerging mode of action of DDNS from our perspective. Among the outstanding advances in DDNS for cancer therapy is the development of "multicomponent delivery systems", "multifunctional nanocarriers" and "multistage delivery systems". However, these represent only one aspect of DDNS research. In addition, nature is the best teacher and natural evolution pressure has meant that virions conform to the "multitarget, multistage and multicomponent" (3M) mode of action. Amazingly, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), used for over 4000 years in China, also displays the same mode of action. Integrating the previous notable progress in nanoparticle technology, learned from the building mode of natural virions and the action concept of TCM, we propose an integrity-based 3M mode DDNS for cancer therapy: multitarget, multistage and multicomponent, which are not fragmented parts but an interconnected integrity. Based on the physiological multitarget and the pharmacokinetic multistage, multicomponent DDNS are rationally designed, where different components with individual specific functions act in a synergistic manner against each target at each disposition stage to maximize the targeted delivery effectiveness. In this article, we introduce each component of 3M DDNS in detail and describe some typical cases to realize the tumor-homing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Jabir NR, Tabrez S, Ashraf GM, Shakil S, Damanhouri GA, Kamal MA. Nanotechnology-based approaches in anticancer research. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4391-408. [PMID: 22927757 PMCID: PMC3420598 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly complex disease to understand, because it entails multiple cellular physiological systems. The most common cancer treatments are restricted to chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Moreover, the early recognition and treatment of cancer remains a technological bottleneck. There is an urgent need to develop new and innovative technologies that could help to delineate tumor margins, identify residual tumor cells and micrometastases, and determine whether a tumor has been completely removed or not. Nanotechnology has witnessed significant progress in the past few decades, and its effect is widespread nowadays in every field. Nanoparticles can be modified in numerous ways to prolong circulation, enhance drug localization, increase drug efficacy, and potentially decrease chances of multidrug resistance by the use of nanotechnology. Recently, research in the field of cancer nanotechnology has made remarkable advances. The present review summarizes the application of various nanotechnology-based approaches towards the diagnostics and therapeutics of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Metabolomics and Enzymology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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