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Kakizawa S, Arasaki T, Yoshida A, Sato A, Takino Y, Ishigami A, Akaike T, Yanai S, Endo S. Essential role of ROS - 8-Nitro-cGMP signaling in long-term memory of motor learning and cerebellar synaptic plasticity. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103053. [PMID: 38340634 PMCID: PMC10869263 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to have harmful effects in organisms, recent studies have demonstrated expression of ROS synthases at various parts of the organisms and the controlled ROS generation, suggesting possible involvement of ROS signaling in physiological events of individuals. However, physiological roles of ROS in the CNS, including functional roles in higher brain functions or neuronal activity-dependent ROS production, remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated involvement of ROS - 8-NO2-cGMP signaling in motor learning and synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum. In the presence of inhibitors of ROS signal or ROS synthases, cerebellar motor learning was impaired, and the stimulus inducing long-term depression (LTD), cellular basis for the motor learning, failed to induce LTD but induced long-term potentiation (LTP)-like change at cerebellar synapses. Furthermore, ROS was produced by LTD-inducing stimulus in enzyme-dependent manner, and excess administration of the antioxidant vitamin E impaired cerebellar motor learning, suggesting beneficial roles of endogenous ROS in the learning. As a downstream signal, involvement of 8-NO2-cGMP in motor learning and cerebellar LTD were also revealed. These findings indicate that ROS - 8-NO2-cGMP signal is activated by neuronal activity and is essential for cerebellum-dependent motor learning and synaptic plasticity, demonstrating involvement of the signal in physiological function of brain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kakizawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Arasaki
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Ayano Yoshida
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Ayami Sato
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuka Takino
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanai
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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3
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Girskis KM, Stergachis AB, DeGennaro EM, Doan RN, Qian X, Johnson MB, Wang PP, Sejourne GM, Nagy MA, Pollina EA, Sousa AMM, Shin T, Kenny CJ, Scotellaro JL, Debo BM, Gonzalez DM, Rento LM, Yeh RC, Song JHT, Beaudin M, Fan J, Kharchenko PV, Sestan N, Greenberg ME, Walsh CA. Rewiring of human neurodevelopmental gene regulatory programs by human accelerated regions. Neuron 2021; 109:3239-3251.e7. [PMID: 34478631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human accelerated regions (HARs) are the fastest-evolving regions of the human genome, and many are hypothesized to function as regulatory elements that drive human-specific gene regulatory programs. We interrogate the in vitro enhancer activity and in vivo epigenetic landscape of more than 3,100 HARs during human neurodevelopment, demonstrating that many HARs appear to act as neurodevelopmental enhancers and that sequence divergence at HARs has largely augmented their neuronal enhancer activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate PPP1R17 to be a putative HAR-regulated gene that has undergone remarkable rewiring of its cell type and developmental expression patterns between non-primates and primates and between non-human primates and humans. Finally, we show that PPP1R17 slows neural progenitor cell cycle progression, paralleling the cell cycle length increase seen predominantly in primate and especially human neurodevelopment. Our findings establish HARs as key components in rewiring human-specific neurodevelopmental gene regulatory programs and provide an integrated resource to study enhancer activity of specific HARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Girskis
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B Stergachis
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ellen M DeGennaro
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan N Doan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuyu Qian
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew B Johnson
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter P Wang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Sejourne
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Aurel Nagy
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Pollina
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - André M M Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Taehwan Shin
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Connor J Kenny
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia L Scotellaro
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian M Debo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dilenny M Gonzalez
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lariza M Rento
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Yeh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet H T Song
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Beaudin
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Fan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Hsieh YH, Chao AC, Lin YC, Chen SD, Yang DI. The p53/NF-kappaB-dependent induction of sestrin2 by amyloid-beta peptides exerts antioxidative actions in neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:36-61. [PMID: 33852931 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of senile plaques mainly composed of neurotoxic amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sestrin2 inducible by various types of stressors is known to promote autophagy and exert antioxidative effects. In this work, we revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ induction of sestrin2 and tested whether antioxidation, in addition to autophagy regulation, also contributes to its neuroprotective effects in primary rat cortical neurons. We found that Aβ25-35 triggered nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, two subunits of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and p53. Aβ25-35-induced sestrin2 expression was abolished by the p65 siRNA, the NF-κB inhibitor SN50, and the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha (PFT-α). Further, Aβ25-35 enhanced binding of p50 and p53 to sestrin2 gene promoter that was abolished respectively by the p50 shRNA and PFT-α. Both p50 shRNA and PFT-α attenuated Aβ25-35-induced expression as well as nuclear translocation of all three transcription factors, namely p65, p50, and p53. Interestingly, p50 binding to the promoters of its target genes required p53 activity, whereas p50 also negatively regulated p53 binding to its target sequences. Suppression of sestrin2 expression by siRNA enhanced Aβ25-35- and Aβ1-42-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and formation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). In contrast, overexpression of the sestrin2 N-terminal or C-terminal fragments neutralized Aβ25-35-induced ROS production. We concluded that Aβ-induced sestrin2 contributing to antioxidant effects in neurons is in part mediated by p53 and NF-κB, which also mutually affect the expression of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Hsieh
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, 112, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, 112, Taiwan
| | - A-Ching Chao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan; Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, 112, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, 112, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, 112, Taiwan.
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