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Kolacheva A, Pavlova E, Bannikova A, Bogdanov V, Ugrumov M. Initial Molecular Mechanisms of the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease in a Mouse Neurotoxic Model of the Earliest Preclinical Stage of This Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1354. [PMID: 38279354 PMCID: PMC10816442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the initial molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), primarily in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, is one of the priorities in neurology. Of particular interest is elucidating these mechanisms in the preclinical stage of PD, which lasts decades before diagnosis and is therefore not available for study in patients. Therefore, our main goal was to study the initial molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of PD in the striatum, the key center for dopamine regulation in motor function, in a mouse model of the earliest preclinical stage of PD, from 1 to 24 h after the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). It was shown that the content of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first enzyme in dopamine synthesis, does not change within 6 h after the administration of MPTP, but decreases after 24 h. In turn, TH activity increases after 1 h, decreases after 3 h, remains at the control level after 6 h, and decreases 24 h after the administration of MPTP. The concentration of dopamine in the striatum gradually decreases after MPTP administration, despite a decrease in its degradation. The identified initial molecular mechanisms of PD pathogenesis are considered as potential targets for the development of preventive neuroprotective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (V.B.)
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Pronina T, Pavlova E, Dil’mukhametova L, Ugrumov M. Development of the Periventricular Nucleus as a Brain Center, Containing Dopaminergic Neurons and Neurons Expressing Individual Enzymes of Dopamine Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314682. [PMID: 36499006 PMCID: PMC9736787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the periventricular nucleus (PeVN) of adult rats is a "mixed dopaminergic (DAergic) center" containing three thousand neurons: DAergic neurons and those expressing one of the dopamine (DA)-synthesizing enzymes. This study aims to evaluate the development of the PeVN as a mixed DAergic center in rats in the perinatal period, critical for brain morphogenesis. During this period, the PeVN contains DAergic neurons and monoenzymatic neurons expressing individual enzymes of DA synthesis: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). In the perinatal period, the total number of such neurons triples, mainly due to monoenzymatic neurons; the content of L-DOPA, the end product of monoenzymatic TH neurons, doubles; and the content of DA, the end product of monoenzymatic AADC neurons and DAergic neurons, increases sixfold. Confocal microscopy has shown that, in the PeVN, all types of neurons and their processes are in close relationships, which suggests their mutual regulation by L-DOPA and DA. In addition, monoenzymatic and DAergic fibers are close to the third cerebral ventricle, located in the subependymal zone, between ependymal cells and in the supraependymal zone. These observations suggest that these fibers deliver L-DOPA and DA to the cerebrospinal fluid, participating in the neuroendocrine regulation of the brain.
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Troshev D, Bannikova A, Blokhin V, Kolacheva A, Pronina T, Ugrumov M. Striatal Neurons Partially Expressing a Dopaminergic Phenotype: Functional Significance and Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911054. [PMID: 36232359 PMCID: PMC9570204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of striatal neurons expressing dopamine-synthesizing enzymes, researchers have attempted to identify their phenotype and functional significance. In this study, it was shown that in transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene promoter, (i) there are striatal neurons expressing only TH, only aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), or both enzymes of dopamine synthesis; (ii) striatal neurons expressing dopamine-synthesizing enzymes are not dopaminergic since they lack a dopamine transporter; (iii) monoenzymatic neurons expressing individual complementary dopamine-synthesizing enzymes produce this neurotransmitter in cooperation; (iv) striatal nerve fibers containing only TH, only AADC, or both enzymes project into the lateral ventricles, providing delivery pathways for L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine to the cerebrospinal fluid; and (v) striatal GFP neurons express receptor genes for various signaling molecules, i.e., classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and steroids, indicating fine regulation of these neurons. Based on our data, it is assumed that the synthesis of dopamine by striatal neurons is a compensatory response to the death of nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease, which opens broad prospects for the development of a fundamentally novel antiparkinsonian therapy.
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Ugrumov MV, Pavlova EN, Kolacheva AA, Dil’mukhametova LK, Bogdanov VV, Blokhin V, Pronina TS. The Periventricular Nucleus as a Brain Center Containing Dopaminergic Neurons and Neurons Expressing Individual Enzymes of Dopamine Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126739. [PMID: 35743179 PMCID: PMC9224269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1980s, the concept of dopamine-rich brain centers as clusters of only dopaminergic neurons has been fundamentally revised. It has been shown that, in addition to dopaminergic neurons, most of these centers contain neurons expressing one of the enzymes of dopamine synthesis: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). We have obtained convincing evidence that in rats, the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (PeVN) is one of the largest dopamine-rich centers, containing dopaminergic and monoenzymatic neurons. Indeed, using double immunostaining for TH and AADC, the PeVN was shown to contain almost three thousand dopaminergic and monoenzymatic neurons. According to high-performance liquid chromatography, PeVN contains L-DOPA and dopamine, which, apparently, are synthesized in monoenzymatic TH neurons and bienzymatic neurons, respectively. According to confocal microscopy, neurons (cell bodies, fibers), which were immunopositive only to TH, only to AADC, or both, are in close topographic relationships with each other and with the 3rd ventricle. These data suggest the mutual regulation of the neurons, as well as the delivery of dopamine and L-DOPA to the third ventricle, which is confirmed by their detection in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, evidence has been obtained that PeVN is one of the largest dopamine-rich centers of the brain, containing dopaminergic and monoenzymatic neurons.
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A New Method for the Visualization of Living Dopaminergic Neurons and Prospects for Using It to Develop Targeted Drug Delivery to These Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073678. [PMID: 35409040 PMCID: PMC8998426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study aiming to develop a method for the long-term visualization of living nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons using 1-(2-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine-BODIPY (GBR-BP), the original fluorescent substance, which is a derivative of GBR-12909, a dopamine uptake inhibitor. This method is based on the authors’ hypothesis about the possibility of specifically internalizing into dopaminergic neurons substances with a high affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT). Using a culture of mouse embryonic mesencephalic and LUHMES cells (human embryonic mesencephalic cells), as well as slices of the substantia nigra of adult mice, we have obtained evidence that GBR-BP is internalized specifically into dopaminergic neurons in association with DAT via a clathrin-dependent mechanism. Moreover, GBR-BP has been proven to be nontoxic. As we have shown in a primary culture of mouse metencephalon, GBR-BP is also specifically internalized into some noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons, but is not delivered to nonmonoaminergic neurons. Our data hold great promise for visualization of dopaminergic neurons in a mixed cell population to study their functioning, and can also be considered a new approach for the development of targeted drug delivery to dopaminergic neurons in pathology, including Parkinson’s disease.
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Orrillo SJ, de Dios N, Asad AS, De Fino F, Imsen M, Romero AC, Zárate S, Ferraris J, Pisera D. Anterior pituitary gland synthesises dopamine from l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa). J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12885. [PMID: 32671919 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone principally secreted by lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland. Although the synthesis and exocytosis of this hormone are mainly under the regulation of hypothalamic dopamine (DA), the possibility that the anterior pituitary synthesises this catecholamine remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine if the anterior pituitary produces DA from the precursor l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa). Accordingly, we investigated the expression of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) enzyme and the transporter vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in the anterior pituitary, AtT20 and GH3 cells by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Moreover, we investigated the production of DA from l-dopa and its release in vitro. Then, we explored the effects of l-dopa with respect to the secretion of PRL from anterior pituitary fragments. We observed that the anterior pituitary, AtT20 and GH3 cells express both AADC and VMAT2. Next, we detected an increase in DA content after anterior pituitary fragments were incubated with l-dopa. Also, the presence of l-dopa increased DA levels in incubation media and reduced PRL secretion. Likewise, the content of cellular DA increased after AtT20 cells were incubated with l-dopa. In addition, l-dopa reduced corticotrophin-releasing hormone-stimulated adrenocorticotrophic hormone release from these cells after AADC activity was inhibited by NSD-1015. Moreover, DA formation from l-dopa increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. However, in the presence of NSD-1015, l-dopa decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation rates. These results suggest that the anterior pituitary synthesises DA from l-dopa by AADC and this catecholamine can be released from this gland contributing to the control of PRL secretion. In addition, our results suggest that l-dopa exerts direct actions independently from its metabolisation to DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Jordi Orrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nataly de Dios
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonela Sofía Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda De Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Imsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Zárate
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Ferraris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ugrumov M. Development of early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: Illusion or reality? CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:997-1009. [PMID: 32597012 PMCID: PMC7539842 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fight against neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson's disease (PD), is a challenge of the 21st century. The low efficacy of treating patients is due to the late diagnosis and start of therapy, after the degeneration of most specific neurons and depletion of neuroplasticity. It is believed that the development of early diagnosis (ED) and preventive treatment will delay the onset of specific symptoms. This review evaluates methodologies for developing ED of PD. Since PD is a systemic disease, and the degeneration of certain neurons precedes that of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons that control motor function, the current methodology is based on searching biomarkers, such as premotor symptoms and changes in body fluids (BF) in patients. However, all attempts to develop ED were unsuccessful. Therefore, it is proposed to enhance the current methodology by (i) selecting among biomarkers found in BF in patients at the clinical stage those that are characteristics of animal models of the preclinical stage, (ii) searching biomarkers in BF in subjects at the prodromal stage, selected by detecting premotor symptoms and failure of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Moreover, a new methodology was proposed for the development of ED of PD using a provocative test, which is successfully used in internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Pronina TS, Dil’mukhametova LK, Nikishina YO, Murtazina AR, Ugryumov MV. Synthesis of Dopamine by Non-Dopaminergic Neurons Containing Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Rats in Ontogeny. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Pronina TS, Nikishina YO, Dil’mukhametova LK, Murtazina AR, Ugryumov MV. Synthesis of L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine by Monoenzymatic Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Containing Nerve Fibers in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Rats during Ontogeny. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Blokhin VE, Pronina TS, Ugryumov MV. Dopamine Synthesis by Non-Dopaminergic Neurons in the Stratium of Mice with and without Degeneration of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Kurtova AI, Dil’mukhametova LK, Pronina TS, Mingazov ER, Nikishina YO, Sukhinich KK, Ugrumov MV. Dopamine-Producing Neurons in Rat Ontogeny: Phenotypic Features Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Secretion and Regulation. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pronina TS, Dil’mukhametova LK, Kurtova AI, Ugrumov MV. Synthesis of Dopamine by Non-Dopaminergic Neurons of the Rat Tuberoinfundibular System during Ontogeny. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Huang ZH, Ni RJ, Luo PH, Zhou JN. Distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:935-952. [PMID: 31674014 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) is the closest living relative of primates. Yet, little is known about the anatomical distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (ir) structures in the hypothalamus of the tree shrew. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the distribution of TH-ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews via immunohistochemical techniques. TH-ir neurons were widely distributed throughout the hypothalamus of tree shrew. The majority of hypothalamic TH-ir neurons were found in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), as was also observed in the human hypothalamus. In contrast, rare TH-ir neurons were localized in the PVN and SON of rats. Vasopressin (AVP) colocalized with TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON in a large number of neurons, but oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing hormone did not colocalize with TH. In addition, colocalization of TH with AVP was also observed in the other hypothalamic regions. Moreover, TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON of tree shrews expressed other dopaminergic markers (aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter, Type 2), further supporting that TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON were catecholaminergic. These findings provide a detailed description of TH-ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews and demonstrate species differences in the distribution of this enzyme, providing a neurobiological basis for the participation of TH-ir neurons in the regulation of various hypothalamic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Huan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jun Ni
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Hao Luo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Ugryumov MV. Dopamine Synthesis by Non-Dopaminergic Neurons as an Effective Mechanism of Neuroplasticity. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Brodsky VY. Biochemistry of Direct Cell−Cell Interactions. Signaling Factors Regulating Orchestration of Cell Populations. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:890-906. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918080035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Dijkstra AA, Lin LC, Nana AL, Gaus SE, Seeley WW. Von Economo Neurons and Fork Cells: A Neurochemical Signature Linked to Monoaminergic Function. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:131-144. [PMID: 27913432 PMCID: PMC6075576 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human anterior cingulate and frontoinsular cortices are distinguished by 2 unique Layer 5 neuronal morphotypes, the von Economo neurons (VENs) and fork cells, whose biological identity remains mysterious. Insights could impact research on diverse neuropsychiatric diseases to which these cells have been linked. Here, we leveraged the Allen Brain Atlas to evaluate mRNA expression of 176 neurotransmitter-related genes and identified vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit θ (GABRQ), and adrenoreceptor α-1A (ADRA1A) expression in human VENs, fork cells, and a minority of neighboring Layer 5 neurons. We confirmed these results using immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization. VMAT2 and GABRQ expression was absent in mouse cerebral cortex. Although VMAT2 is known to package monoamines into synaptic vesicles, in VENs and fork cells its expression occurs in the absence of monoamine-synthesizing enzymes or reuptake transporters. Thus, VENs and fork cells may possess a novel, uncharacterized mode of cortical monoaminergic function that distinguishes them from most other mammalian Layer 5 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke A Dijkstra
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Li-Chun Lin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Alissa L Nana
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stephanie E Gaus
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Correa M, SanMiguel N, López-Cruz L, Carratalá-Ros C, Olivares-García R, Salamone JD. Caffeine Modulates Food Intake Depending on the Context That Gives Access to Food: Comparison With Dopamine Depletion. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:411. [PMID: 30237771 PMCID: PMC6135917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is a methylxanthine consumed in different contexts to potentiate alertness and reduce fatigue. However, caffeine can induce anxiety at high doses. Caffeine is also a minor psychostimulant that seems to act as an appetite suppressant, but there are also reports indicating that it could stimulate appetite. Dopamine also is involved in food motivation and in behavioral activation. In the present series of experiments, we evaluated the effects of acute administration of caffeine on food consumption under different access conditions. CD1 male adult mice had access to highly palatable food (50% sucrose) in a restricted but habitual context, under continuous or intermittent access as well as under anxiogenic, or effortful conditions. Caffeine (2.5-20.0 mg/kg) increased intake at the highest dose under familiar continuous and intermittent access. However, this high dose reduced food intake in the dark-light paradigm. In contrast, a dopamine-depleting agent, tetrabenazine (TBZ; 1.0-8.0 mg/kg) did not affect food intake in any of those experimental conditions. In the T-maze-barrier task that evaluates seeking and taking of food under effortful conditions, caffeine (10.0 mg/kg) decreased latency to reach the food, but did not affect selection of the high-food density arm that required more effort, or the total amount of food consumed. In contrast, TBZ (4.0 mg/kg) reduced selection of the high food density arm with the barrier, thus affecting amount of food consumed. Interestingly, a small dose of caffeine (5.0 mg/kg) was able to reverse the anergia-inducing effects produced by TBZ in the T-maze. These results suggest that caffeine can potentiate or suppress food consumption depending on the context. Moreover, caffeine did not change appetite, and did not impair orientation toward food under effortful conditions, but it rather helped to achieve the goal by improving speed and by reversing performance to normal levels when fatigue was induced by dopamine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Correa
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.,Behavioral Neuroscience Division, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Noemí SanMiguel
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Laura López-Cruz
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Carla Carratalá-Ros
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | | | - John D Salamone
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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18
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El Allali K, Achaâban MR, Piro M, Ouassat M, Challet E, Errami M, Lakhdar-Ghazal N, Calas A, Pévet P. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the Dromedary Camel ( Camelus dromedarius): Cytoarchitecture and Neurochemical Anatomy. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:103. [PMID: 29249943 PMCID: PMC5715321 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, biological rhythms are driven by a master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Recently, we have demonstrated that in the camel, the daily cycle of environmental temperature is able to entrain the master clock. This raises several questions about the structure and function of the SCN in this species. The current work is the first neuroanatomical investigation of the camel SCN. We carried out a cartography and cytoarchitectural study of the nucleus and then studied its cell types and chemical neuroanatomy. Relevant neuropeptides involved in the circadian system were investigated, including arginine-vasopressin (AVP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), met-enkephalin (Met-Enk), neuropeptide Y (NPY), as well as oxytocin (OT). The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) were also studied. The camel SCN is a large and elongated nucleus, extending rostrocaudally for 9.55 ± 0.10 mm. Based on histological and immunofluorescence findings, we subdivided the camel SCN into rostral/preoptic (rSCN), middle/main body (mSCN) and caudal/retrochiasmatic (cSCN) divisions. Among mammals, the rSCN is unusual and appears as an assembly of neurons that protrudes from the main mass of the hypothalamus. The mSCN exhibits the triangular shape described in rodents, while the cSCN is located in the retrochiasmatic area. As expected, VIP-immunoreactive (ir) neurons were observed in the ventral part of mSCN. AVP-ir neurons were located in the rSCN and mSCN. Results also showed the presence of OT-ir and TH-ir neurons which seem to be a peculiarity of the camel SCN. OT-ir neurons were either scattered or gathered in one isolated cluster, while TH-ir neurons constituted two defined populations, dorsal parvicellular and ventral magnocellular neurons, respectively. TH colocalized with VIP in some rSCN neurons. Moreover, a high density of Met-Enk-ir, 5-HT-ir and NPY-ir fibers were observed within the SCN. Both the cytoarchitecture and the distribution of neuropeptides are unusual in the camel SCN as compared to other mammals. The presence of OT and TH in the camel SCN suggests their role in the modulation of circadian rhythms and the adaptation to photic and non-photic cues under desert conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Allali
- Comparative Anatomy Unit/URAC49, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed R Achaâban
- Comparative Anatomy Unit/URAC49, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Piro
- PMC-EC, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ouassat
- Comparative Anatomy Unit/URAC49, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Etienne Challet
- Neurobiology of Rhythms UPR 3212 CNRS, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohammed Errami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Nouria Lakhdar-Ghazal
- Unit of Research on Biological Rhythms, Neuroscience and Environment, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V-Agdal University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - André Calas
- IINS, CNRS UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Pévet
- Neurobiology of Rhythms UPR 3212 CNRS, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Kurina AU, Pronina TS, Dilmukhametova LK, Maleev GV, Ugrumov MV. Cooperative synthesis of dopamine in rat mediobasal hypothalamus as a compensatory mechanism in hyperprolactinemia. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:366-372. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Romanova IV, Mikhrina AL, Shpakov AO. Localization of the dopamine receptors of types 1 and 2 on the bodies of POMC-expressing neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in mice and rats. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2017; 472:11-14. [PMID: 28429261 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496617010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using immunofluorescent techniques, we have demonstrated the presence of two main types of dopamine receptors, D1 and D2, on the bodies of neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus expressing the precursor of peptides of the melanocortin family proopiomelanocortin in C57Bl/6J mice and Wistar rats. These data show close functional relationship between the dopamine and melanocortin systems of the brain and involvement of dopamine in the control of synthesis and secretion of peptides of the melanocortin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Romanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A L Mikhrina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kozina EA, Kim AR, Kurina AY, Ugrumov MV. Cooperative synthesis of dopamine by non-dopaminergic neurons as a compensatory mechanism in the striatum of mice with MPTP-induced Parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 98:108-121. [PMID: 27940203 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 80s it has been repeatedly shown that besides dopaminergic neurons, the brain contains so-called monoenzymatic neurons possessing one of the enzymes of dopamine (DA) synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). However, the data on the existence of monoenzymatic neurons in the striatum remain controversial, and little is known about their functional significance. The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that monoenzymatic TH-containing neurons produce DA in cooperation with the neurons containing AADC, which might help to compensate DA deficiency under the failure of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Using a combination of techniques: retrograde tracing, qPCR and immunolabeling for TH, AADC and MAP2, we showed that the striatum of mice with normal and degraded dopaminergic system comprises of monoenzymatic TH- and AADC-containing neurons. To provide evidence for cooperative synthesis of DA, we used an ex vivo model of inhibiting of DA synthesis by blocking transport of l-DOPA, produced in monoenzymatic TH-containing neurons, to neurons containing AADC by means of l-leucine, a competitive inhibitor of the membrane transporter of large neutral amino acids, and l-DOPA. With this original approach, cooperative synthesis of DA in the striatum was proven in MPTP-treated mice but not in the control. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the proportion of DA produced through cooperative synthesis in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice increases as the degradation of dopaminergic system proceeds. An increase in the proportion of cooperative synthesis of DA alongside degradation of the dopaminergic system is also proved by an increase of both TH gene expression and the number of TH-immunoreactive structures in the striatum. Thus, these data suggest that the cooperative synthesis of DA in the degraded striatum is an up-regulated compensatory reaction, which plays an increasing role as DA deficiency rises, and might be considered among the principal mechanisms of neuroplasticity in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Kozina
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Aleksandr R Kim
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Anna Y Kurina
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Michael V Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow 119334, Russia; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya St, Moscow 101000, Russia.
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Kozina EA, Kim AR, Khakimova GR, Ugryumov MV. The plasticity of the nigrostriatal system of the mouse brain in a chronic model of Parkinson’s disease. NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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23
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Zoratto F, Romano E, Pascale E, Pucci M, Falconi A, Dell'Osso B, Maccarrone M, Laviola G, D'Addario C, Adriani W. Down-regulation of serotonin and dopamine transporter genes in individual rats expressing a gambling-prone profile: A possible role for epigenetic mechanisms. Neuroscience 2016; 340:101-116. [PMID: 27789384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gambling Disorder (GD) is characterized by excessive gambling despite adverse consequences on individual functioning. In spite of some positive findings, it is difficult to draw any conclusion on the genetics of GD. Indeed, beyond DNA sequence variation, other regulatory mechanisms (like those that engage epigenetics) may explain gene alterations in this addictive disease. Wistar male rats underwent an operant task for the evaluation of individual propensity to gamble. Few rats, after having learnt to prefer nose-poking for a large over a small food reward, were sacrificed to obtain a baseline profile of gene expression at both central and peripheral levels. In the remaining rats, probability of occurrence of large-reward delivery decreased progressively to very low levels. Thus, rats were faced with temptation to "gamble", i.e. to nose-poke for a binge reward, whose delivery was omitted the majority of times. After 3weeks of testing, rats showing a clear-cut profile of either gambling proneness or aversion were selected and sacrificed after the last session. A selective down-regulation of i) serotonin transporter in prefrontal cortex, ii) tyrosine hydroxylase in ventral striatum, iii) dopamine transporter in lymphocytes was evidenced in "gambler" vs "non-gambler" rats. The exposure to such operant task (compared to home-cage alone) modulated ventrostriatal but not prefrontal genes. A consistent increase of DNA methylation, in one specific CpG site at serotonin transporter gene, was evident in prefrontal cortex of "gambler" rats. Elucidation of epigenetic changes occurring during GD progression may pave the way to the development of new therapeutic strategies through specific modulation of epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zoratto
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Romano
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Esterina Pascale
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences & Biotechnology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anastasia Falconi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- School of Medicine and Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Laviola
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Walter Adriani
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Kurina AU, Pronina TS, Kudrin VS, Ugrumov MV. Missing proof of cooperative synthesis of dopamine by non-dopaminergic neurons. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 468:197-9. [PMID: 27417719 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672916030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
L-DOPA accumulation in the extracellular medium was detected when the transfer of L-DOPA from the neurons containing tyrosine hydroxylase to the neurons containing aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase was blocked, under conditions of inhibition of the L-DOPA degradation enzyme. Thus, the missing proof confirming the existence of cooperative synthesis of dopamine by neurons non-dopaminergic was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Kurina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - T S Pronina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V S Kudrin
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, ul. Baltiiskaya 8, Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - M V Ugrumov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Khakimova GR, Kozina EA, Kucheryanu VG, Ugrumov MV. Reversible Pharmacological Induction of Motor Symptoms in MPTP-Treated Mice at the Presymptomatic Stage of Parkinsonism: Potential Use for Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3618-3632. [PMID: 27194433 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A crucial event in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is the death of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system, which are responsible for the regulation of motor function. Motor symptoms first appear in patients 20-30 years after the onset of the neurodegeneration, when there has been a loss of an essential number of neurons and depletion of compensatory reserves of the brain, which explains the low efficiency of treatment. Therefore, the development of a technology for the diagnosing of Parkinson's disease at the preclinical stage is of a high priority in neurology. In this study, we have developed at an experimental model a fundamentally novel for neurology approach for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease at the preclinical stage. This methodology, widely used for the diagnosis of chronic diseases in the internal medicine, is based on the application of a challenge test that temporarily increases the latent failure of a specific functional system, thereby inducing the short-term appearance of clinical symptoms. The provocation test was developed by a systemic administration of α-methyl-p-tyrosine (αMpT), a reversible inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase to MPTP-treated mice at the presymptomatic stage of parkinsonism. For this, we first selected a minimum dose of αMpT, which caused a decrease of the dopamine level in the striatum of normal mice below the threshold at which motor dysfunctions appear. Then, we found the maximum dose of αMpT at which a loss of dopamine in the striatum of normal mice did not reach the threshold level, and motor behavior was not impaired. We showed that αMpT at this dose induced a decrease of the dopamine concentration in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice at the presymptomatic stage of parkinsonism below a threshold level that results in the impairment of motor behavior. Finally, we proved that αMpT exerts a temporal and reversible influence on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of MPTP-treated mice with no long-term side effects on other catecholaminergic systems. Thus, the above experimental data strongly suggest that αMpT-based challenge test might be considered as the provocation test for Parkinson's disease diagnosis at the preclinical stage in the future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara R Khakimova
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Elena A Kozina
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Valerian G Kucheryanu
- Laboratory of General Pathology of the Nervous System, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology RAMS, 8 Baltiiskaya St, Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - Michael V Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilov St, Moscow, 119334, Russia. .,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya St, Moscow, 101000, Russia.
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26
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Ugrumov MV. [Development of preclinical diagnosis and preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 115:4-14. [PMID: 26978045 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151151114-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are serious fatal neurological and mental diseases that resulted in disability and fethal outcome. Based on the advances of basic sciences over the last two decades, new knowledge on the risk factors for NDD and molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis are obtained. It has been shown that the accelerated process of neuronal death which is the main cause of NDD development begins long before the appearance of clinical symptoms. The first symptoms appeared only after the death of most specific regulatory neurons and exhaustion of brain compensatory reserve. Only at that time, one can make the diagnosis and start traditional treatment of patients that accounts for the extremely low efficacy of the latter. Currently, complex preclinical diagnosis based on the identification of relatively specific clinical precursors and peripheral biomarkers has been developing. Development of preclinical diagnosis and preventive treatment is a strategic issue of modern neurology and psychiatry. The resolution of this issue allows to consider NDD as cured, but not fatal, diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Ugrumov
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Ren LQ, Wienecke J, Hultborn H, Zhang M. Production of Dopamine by Aromatic l-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Cells after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1150-60. [PMID: 26830512 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) cells are widely distributed in the spinal cord, and their functions are largely unknown. We have previously found that AADC cells in the spinal cord could increase their ability to produce serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) from 5-hydroxytryptophan after spinal cord injury (SCI). Because AADC is a common enzyme catalyzing 5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) to dopamine (DA), it seems likely that the ability of AADC cells using l-dopa to synthesize DA is also increased. To prove whether or not this is the case, a similar rat sacral SCI model and a similar experimental paradigm were adopted as that which we had used previously. In the chronic SCI rats (> 45 days), no AADC cells expressed DA if there was no exogenous l-dopa application. However, following administration of a peripheral AADC inhibitor (carbidopa) with or without a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (pargyline) co-application, systemic administration of l-dopa resulted in ∼94% of AADC cells becoming DA-immunopositive in the spinal cord below the lesion, whereas in normal or sham-operated rats none or very few of AADC cells became DA-immunopositive with the same treatment. Using tail electromyography, spontaneous tail muscle activity was increased nearly fivefold over the baseline level. When pretreated with a central AADC inhibitor (NSD-1015), further application of l-dopa failed to increase the motoneuron activity although the expression of DA in the AADC cells was not completely inhibited. These findings demonstrate that AADC cells in the spinal cord below the lesion gain the ability to produce DA from its precursor in response to SCI. This ability also enables the AADC cells to produce 5-HT and trace amines, and likely contributes to the development of hyperexcitability. These results might also be implicated for revealing the pathological mechanisms underlying l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Ren
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark .,2 Laboratory of Spinal Injury and Rehabilitation, Chengde Medical University , Chengde, China
| | - Jacob Wienecke
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark .,3 Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Hultborn
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark .,2 Laboratory of Spinal Injury and Rehabilitation, Chengde Medical University , Chengde, China
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- 1 Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark .,4 Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
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Kim AR, Ugryumov MV. Changes in plasma catecholamines levels as preclinical biomarkers in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2015; 464:308-11. [PMID: 26518555 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672915050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the changes in the concentrations of blood plasma catecholamines as possible biomarkers of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the mouse experimental model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). A significant decrease was detected in the levels of dopamine and L-DOPA in the PD preclinical stage model as a result of the catecholamines systemic metabolism disfunction. In the PD early clinical stage models, the level of L-DOPA and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid decreased, which is consistent with the results of blood tests in untreated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Kim
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - M V Ugryumov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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29
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Dopamine release in the lateral hypothalamus is stimulated by α-MSH in both the anticipatory and consummatory phases of feeding. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 56:79-87. [PMID: 25805178 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), is a hypothalamic neuropeptide signaling satiation, but it is not known if α-MSH may stimulate dopamine release in a feeding control brain region of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), during the anticipatory and consummatory phases of feeding behavior. To address these questions, dynamics of dopamine release were measured in 15 min microdialysis samples simultaneously from the LHA and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) during consecutive exposure and provision of food and 1% sucrose in Wistar rats after overnight food deprivation. α-MSH was infused via the microdialysis probe either into the LHA or NAc starting before food exposure. Food, sucrose and water intakes were automatically monitored and analyzed concomitantly with microdialysis samples. We found that LHA-α-MSH-infused rats stopped eating earlier and consumed less food and sucrose as compared to control and NAc-α-MSH-infused rats. Exposure to food produced a peak of LHA dopamine in both LHA-α-MSH and NAc-α-MSH-infused rats but not in the controls. During food provision, LHA dopamine levels were strongly elevated in LHA-α-MSH infused rats, while delivery of α-MSH into the NAc induced a less intense increase of dopamine in both NAc and LHA. In all rats, LHA dopamine levels correlated inversely with sucrose intake. In conclusion, our study showed that α-MSH stimulates dopamine release in the LHA during both the anticipatory and consummatory phases of feeding, decreases food intake and inhibits sucrose intake. These data suggest that LHA dopamine release can be involved in α-MSH anorexigenic effects.
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Keber U, Klietz M, Carlsson T, Oertel WH, Weihe E, Schäfer MKH, Höglinger GU, Depboylu C. Striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons are associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian mice. Neuroscience 2015; 298:302-17. [PMID: 25892702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the therapeutic gold standard in Parkinson's disease. However, long-term treatment is complicated by the induction of debilitating abnormal involuntary movements termed L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). Until today the underlying mechanisms of LID pathogenesis are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to reveal new factors, which may be involved in the induction of LID. We have focused on the expression of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) neurons, which are capable of producing either L-DOPA or dopamine (DA) in target areas of ventral midbrain DAergic neurons. To address this issue, a daily L-DOPA dose was administered over the course of 15 days to mice with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the medial forebrain bundle and LIDs were evaluated. Remarkably, the number of striatal TH+ neurons strongly correlated with both induction and severity of LID as well as ΔFosB expression as an established molecular marker for LID. Furthermore, dyskinetic mice showed a marked augmentation of serotonergic fiber innervation in the striatum, enabling the decarboxylation of L-DOPA to DA. Axial, limb and orolingual dyskinesias were predominantly associated with TH+ neurons in the lateral striatum, whereas medially located TH+ neurons triggered locomotive rotations. In contrast, identified accumbal and cortical TH+ cells did not contribute to the generation of LID. Thus, striatal TH+ cells and serotonergic terminals may cooperatively synthesize DA and subsequently contribute to supraphysiological synaptic DA concentrations, an accepted cause in LID pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Keber
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Klietz
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - T Carlsson
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Section of Pharmacology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden(†)
| | - W H Oertel
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - E Weihe
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M K-H Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - G U Höglinger
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany(†); Department of Neurology, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Depboylu
- Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Kim AR, Ugriumov MV. Cooperative synthesis of dopamine in the striatum of normal and parkinsonial mice. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2015; 460:49-52. [PMID: 25772991 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672915010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Kim
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia,
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Dilmukhametova LK, Pronina TS, Volina EV, Ugryumov MV. The regulation of compensatory dopamine synthesis in the arcuate nucleus of rats. NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712414030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ugrumov M, Taxi J, Pronina T, Kurina A, Sorokin A, Sapronova A, Calas A. Neurons expressing individual enzymes of dopamine synthesis in the mediobasal hypothalamus of adult rats: functional significance and topographic interrelations. Neuroscience 2014; 277:45-54. [PMID: 24997271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Besides dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neurons having all enzymes of DA synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), "monoenzymatic" neurons expressing only one of them were found in the brain, mostly in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that DA is synthesized by monoenzymatic neurons, i.e. l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), which produced in the monoenzymatic TH neurons is transported in the monoenzymatic AADC neurons for DA synthesis. Incubation of MBH in Krebs-Ringer solution with l-leucine, a competitive inhibitor of l-DOPA uptake, was used to prevent a hypothetical l-DOPA capture into AADC-containing neurons. Incubation of the substantia nigra containing DA-ergic neurons under the same conditions served as the control. According to our data, the l-leucine administration provoked a decrease of DA concentration in MBH and in the incubation medium but not in the substantia nigra and respective incubation medium, showing a decrease of cooperative synthesis of DA in MBH. This conclusion was supported by an observation of higher concentration of l-DOPA in the incubation medium under perfusion of MBH with Krebs-Ringer solution containing tolcapone, an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase, and l-leucine than under perfusion with the same solution, but without l-leucine. Functional interaction between monoenzymatic TH and AADC neurons was indirectly confirmed by finding in electron microscopy their close relations in MBH. Besides monoenzymatic AADC neurons, any AADC-possessing neurons, catecholaminergic and serotoninergic, apparently, could participate in DA synthesis together with monoenzymatic TH neurons. This idea was confirmed by the observation of close topographic relations between monoenzymatic TH neurons and those containing both enzymes, i.e. DA-ergic, noradrenergic or adrenergic. Thus, monoenzymatic neurons possessing TH or AADC and being in close topographic relations can synthesize DA in cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov St., Moscow 119334, Russia.
| | - J Taxi
- Laboratoire de Pathophysiologie des maladies du système nervoux central, UMR5 INSERM 952, IFR 83, Université P. et M. Curie, 7 quai St. Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - T Pronina
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov St., Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - A Kurina
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov St., Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - A Sorokin
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov St., Moscow 119334, Russia; Laboratoire de Pathophysiologie des maladies du système nervoux central, UMR5 INSERM 952, IFR 83, Université P. et M. Curie, 7 quai St. Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - A Sapronova
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov St., Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - A Calas
- IINS, UMR CNRS 5297, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux-Cedex, France
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