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Maurya AK, Ahmed HA, DeWitt A, Shami AA, Misra SK, Pomin VH. Structure and Binding Properties to Blood Co-Factors of the Least Sulfated Galactan Found in the Cell Wall of the Red Alga Botryocladia occidentalis. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:81. [PMID: 38393052 PMCID: PMC10890634 DOI: 10.3390/md22020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Three different populations of sulfated polysaccharides can be found in the cell wall of the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis. In a previous work, the structures of the two more sulfated polysaccharides were revised. In this work, NMR-based structural analysis was performed on the least sulfated polysaccharide and its chemically modified derivatives. Results have revealed the presence of both 4-linked α- and 3-linked β-galactose units having the following chemical features: more than half of the total galactose units are not sulfated, the α-units occur primarily as 3,6-anhydrogalactose units either 2-O-methylated or 2-O-sulfated, and the β-galactose units can be 4-O-sulfated or 2,4-O-disulfated. SPR-based results indicated weaker binding of the least sulfated galactan to thrombin, factor Xa, and antithrombin, but stronger binding to heparin cofactor II than unfractionated heparin. This report together with our previous publication completes the structural characterization of the three polysaccharides found in the cell wall of the red alga B. occidentalis and correlates the impact of their composing chemical groups with the levels of interaction with the blood co-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antim K. Maurya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Hoda Al. Ahmed
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Anderson DeWitt
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Anter A. Shami
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Sandeep K. Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Lima AGF, Mignone VW, Vardiero F, Kozlowski EO, Fernandes LR, Motta JM, Pavão MSG, Figueiredo CC, Mourão PAS, Morandi V. Direct antitumoral effects of sulfated fucans isolated from echinoderms: a possible role of neuropilin-1/β1 integrin endocytosis and focal adhesion kinase degradation. Glycobiology 2023; 33:715-731. [PMID: 37289485 PMCID: PMC10627248 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercoagulability, a major complication of metastatic cancers, has usually been treated with heparins from natural sources, or with their synthetic derivatives, which are under intense investigation in clinical oncology. However, the use of heparin has been challenging for patients with risk of severe bleeding. While the systemic administration of heparins, in preclinical models, has shown primarily attenuating effects on metastasis, their direct effect on established solid tumors has generated contradictory outcomes. We investigated the direct antitumoral properties of two sulfated fucans isolated from marine echinoderms, FucSulf1 and FucSulf2, which exhibit anticoagulant activity with mild hemorrhagic potential. Unlike heparin, sulfated fucans significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation (by ~30-50%), and inhibited tumor migration and invasion in vitro. We found that FucSulf1 and FucSulf2 interacted with fibronectin as efficiently as heparin, leading to loss of prostate cancer and melanoma cell spreading. The sulfated fucans increased the endocytosis of β1 integrin and neuropilin-1 chains, two cell receptors implicated in fibronectin-dependent adhesion. The treatment of cancer cells with both sulfated fucans, but not with heparin, also triggered intracellular focal adhesion kinase (FAK) degradation, with a consequent overall decrease in activated focal adhesion kinase levels. Finally, only sulfated fucans inhibited the growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in the dermis of syngeneic C57/BL6 mice. FucSulf1 and FucSulf2 arise from this study as candidates for the design of possible alternatives to long-term treatments of cancer patients with heparins, with the advantage of also controlling local growth and invasion of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G F Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia da Célula Endotelial e da Angiogênese (LabAngio), Departamento de Biologia Celular/IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
- Laboratório do Tecido Conjuntivo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Viviane W Mignone
- Laboratório de Biologia da Célula Endotelial e da Angiogênese (LabAngio), Departamento de Biologia Celular/IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Francisco Vardiero
- Laboratório de Biologia da Célula Endotelial e da Angiogênese (LabAngio), Departamento de Biologia Celular/IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Eliene O Kozlowski
- Laboratório do Tecido Conjuntivo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Laila R Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia da Célula Endotelial e da Angiogênese (LabAngio), Departamento de Biologia Celular/IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Motta
- Laboratório do Tecido Conjuntivo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Mauro S G Pavão
- Laboratório do Tecido Conjuntivo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Camila C Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia da Célula Endotelial e da Angiogênese (LabAngio), Departamento de Biologia Celular/IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Mourão
- Laboratório do Tecido Conjuntivo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Verônica Morandi
- Laboratório de Biologia da Célula Endotelial e da Angiogênese (LabAngio), Departamento de Biologia Celular/IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
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Maurya AK, Sharma P, Samanta P, Shami AA, Misra SK, Zhang F, Thara R, Kumar D, Shi D, Linhardt RJ, Sharp JS, Doerksen RJ, Tandon R, Pomin VH. Structure, anti-SARS-CoV-2, and anticoagulant effects of two sulfated galactans from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124168. [PMID: 36963552 PMCID: PMC10175164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis (BoSG) was originally proposed as a simple repeating disaccharide of alternating 4-linked α-galactopyranose (Galp) and 3-linked β-Galp units with variable sulfation pattern. Abundance was estimated only for the α-Galp units: one-third of 2,3-disulfation and one-third of 2-monosulfation. Here, we isolated again the same BoSG fractions from the anion-exchange chromatography, obtaining the same NMR profile of the first report. More careful NMR analysis led us to revise the structure. A more complex sulfation pattern was noted along with the occurrence of 4-linked α-3,6-anhydro-Galp (AnGalp) units. Interestingly, the more sulfated BoSG fraction showed slightly reduced in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities against both wild-type and delta variants, and significantly reduced anticoagulant activity. The BoSG fractions showed no cytotoxic effects. The reduction in both bioactivities is attributed to the presence of the AnGalp unit. Docking scores from computational simulations using BoSG disaccharide constructs on wild-type and delta S-proteins, and binding analysis through competitive SPR assays using blood (co)-factors (antithrombin, heparin cofactor II and thrombin) and four S-proteins (wild-type, delta, gamma, and omicron) strongly support the conclusion about the deleterious impact of the AnGalp unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antim K Maurya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Anter A Shami
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Sandeep K Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Reena Thara
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Deling Shi
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Lever R, Gray E, Page CP. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs: An Update. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:328-379. [PMID: 36792365 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100 years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed mainly to the pentasaccharide sequence, which potentiates the inhibitory action of antithrombin, a major inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. More recently it has been elucidated that heparin exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via interference of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and this may also contribute to heparin's antithrombotic activity. This illustrates that heparin interacts with a broad range of biomolecules, exerting both anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant actions. Since our previous review, there has been an increased interest in these nonanticoagulant effects of heparin, with the beneficial role in patients infected with SARS2-coronavirus a highly topical example. This article provides an update on our previous review with more recent developments and observations made for these novel uses of heparin and an overview of the development status of heparin-based drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This state-of-the-art review covers recent developments in the use of heparin and heparin-like materials as anticoagulant, now including immunothrombosis observations, and as nonanticoagulant including a role in the treatment of SARS-coronavirus and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hogwood
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Rebeca Lever
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
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Kim SB, Zoepfl M, Samanta P, Zhang F, Xia K, Thara R, Linhardt RJ, Doerksen RJ, McVoy MA, Pomin VH. Fractionation of sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis separates its anticoagulant and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101856. [PMID: 35337800 PMCID: PMC8940257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfation pattern and molecular weight (MW) play a key role in the biological actions of sulfated glycans. Besides anticoagulant effects, certain sulfated glycans can also exhibit anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. To develop a more selective antiviral carbohydrate, an efficient strategy to separate these two actions is required. In this work, low MW fractions derived from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis sulfated galactan (BoSG) were generated, structurally characterized, and tested for activity against SARS-CoV-2 and blood coagulation. The lowest MW fraction was found to be primarily composed of octasaccharides of monosulfated monosaccharides. Unlike heparin or native BoSG, we found that hydrolyzed BoSG products had weak anticoagulant activities as seen by aPTT and inhibitory assays using purified cofactors. In contrast, lower MW BoSG-derivatives retained anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity using SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein pseudotyped lentivirus vector in HEK-293T-hACE2 cells monitored by GFP. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed that longer chains are necessary for BoSG to interact with coagulation cofactors but is not required for interactions with certain S-protein variants. We observed distinct affinities of BoSG derivatives for the S-proteins of different SARS-CoV-2 strains, including WT, N501Y (Alpha), K417T/E484K/N501Y (Gamma), and L542R (Delta) mutants, and stronger affinity for the N501Y-containing variants. Docking of the four possible monosulfated BoSG disaccharides in interactions with the N501Y mutant S-protein predicted potential binding poses of the BoSG constructs and favorable binding in close proximity to the 501Y residue. Our results demonstrate that depolymerization and fractionation of BoSG are an effective strategy to segregate its anticoagulant property from its anti-SARS-CoV-2 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mary Zoepfl
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Reena Thara
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael A McVoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA.
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Kang J, Jia X, Wang N, Xiao M, Song S, Wu S, Li Z, Wang S, Cui SW, Guo Q. Insights into the structure-bioactivity relationships of marine sulfated polysaccharides: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dong X, Zhou M, Li Y, Li Y, Ji H, Hu Q. Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Plant Polysaccharides: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:783641. [PMID: 34867415 PMCID: PMC8639026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.783641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a kind of heart, brain, and blood vessel injury disease by the interaction of various pathological factors. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is complex with various risk factors, including abnormally elevated blood pressure, glucose, and lipid metabolism disorders, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, etc. Plant polysaccharides are a special class of natural products derived from plant resources, which have the characteristics of wide sources, diverse biological activities, and low toxicity or side effects. Many studies have shown that plant polysaccharides improve cardiovascular diseases through various mechanisms such as anti-oxidative stress, restoring the metabolism of biological macromolecules, regulating the apoptosis cascade to reduce cell apoptosis, and inhibiting inflammatory signal pathways to alleviate inflammation. This article reviews the pharmacological effects and protective mechanisms of some plant polysaccharides in modulating the cardiovascular system, which is beneficial for developing more effective drugs with low side effects for management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengze Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yehong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Sampaio TBP, Costa BB, Moreira TA, Cabral LM, Silva LCRP, Mourão PAS, Vilanova E, Cinelli LP. Insights on chemical-biological correlations learned from investigations on the sulfated galactan from the marine alga Bothryocladia occidentalis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:471-476. [PMID: 32376249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms have been proven to be a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Among them, we highlight the sulfated galactans (SGs) from seaweeds, which besides being massively exploited as industrial thickening and gelling agents (agarans and carrageenans), have also shown promising pharmacological properties. Investigations on the non-agaran/-carrageenan SG from the red algae Bothryocladia occidentalis (SGBo) have demonstrated clear correlations between physical-chemical features and biological activities. SGBo is composed of 2,3-disulfated (~33%) or 2-sulfated (33%) α-D-galactose linked to non- or 2-sulfated β-D-galactose repetitive disaccharide units. The notable serpin-dependent/-independent anticoagulant activity of SGBo (~130 international units [IU]/mg) is higher than those of other SGs containing less 2,3-disulfated α-D-galactose units and their low-molecular-weight derivatives, and thus is directly correlated to its high molecular mass (>200 kDa) and sulfation pattern. Although SGBo has antithrombotic efficacy equivalent to heparin and decreased bleeding potential at low-doses, high-doses substantially increase thrombus formation in animal models. Such an odd dose-dependent dual antithrombotic/prothrombotic activity has been attributed to the ability of SGBo to activate factor XII. In addition to anticoagulant properties, SGBo also exerts antimalarial, antileishmanial and antiophidic activities, and, therefore, has a remarkable potential for the research and development of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris B P Sampaio
- Laboratório Integrado de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Campus Professor Aloisio Teixeira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Bianca B Costa
- Laboratório Integrado de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Campus Professor Aloisio Teixeira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Thamyris A Moreira
- Laboratório Integrado de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Campus Professor Aloisio Teixeira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Lucio M Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica, Departamento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Luiz C R P Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica, Departamento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Mourão
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vilanova
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo P Cinelli
- Laboratório Integrado de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Campus Professor Aloisio Teixeira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 27930-560, Brazil.
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Pomin VH, Vignovich WP, Gonzales AV, Vasconcelos AA, Mulloy B. Galactosaminoglycans: Medical Applications and Drawbacks. Molecules 2019; 24:E2803. [PMID: 31374852 PMCID: PMC6696379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactosaminoglycans (GalAGs) are sulfated glycans composed of alternating N-acetylgalactosamine and uronic acid units. Uronic acid epimerization, sulfation patterns and fucosylation are modifications observed on these molecules. GalAGs have been extensively studied and exploited because of their multiple biomedical functions. Chondroitin sulfates (CSs), the main representative family of GalAGs, have been used in alternative therapy of joint pain/inflammation and osteoarthritis. The relatively novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), commonly found in sea cucumbers, has been screened in multiple systems in addition to its widely studied anticoagulant action. Biomedical properties of GalAGs are directly dependent on the sugar composition, presence or lack of fucose branches, as well as sulfation patterns. Although research interest in GalAGs has increased considerably over the three last decades, perhaps motivated by the parallel progress of glycomics, serious questions concerning the effectiveness and potential side effects of GalAGs have recently been raised. Doubts have centered particularly on the beneficial functions of CS-based therapeutic supplements and the potential harmful effects of FCS as similarly observed for oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, as a contaminant of heparin. Unexpected components were also detected in CS-based pharmaceutical preparations. This review therefore aims to offer a discussion on (1) the current and potential therapeutic applications of GalAGs, including those of unique features extracted from marine sources, and (2) the potential drawbacks of this class of molecules when applied to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - William P Vignovich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Alysia V Gonzales
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Imperial College, Department of Medicine, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Nagaraju S, Gubbiveeranna V, Kusuma CG, Bhavana S, Sumachirayu CK, Ravikumar H. Potent procoagulant and platelet aggregation inducing serine protease from Tridax procumbens extract. Pharmacognosy Res 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Structural analysis and anticoagulant activities of three highly regular fucan sulfates as novel intrinsic factor Xase inhibitors. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:257-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sucupira ID, Oliveira SNM, Santos GR, Mourão PA, Fonseca R. Improved anticoagulant effect of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate orally administered as gastroresistant tablets. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:662-670. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-09-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SummaryFucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) is a potent anticoagulant polysaccharide extracted from sea cucumber. Its anticoagulant activity is attributed to the presence of unique branches of sulfated fucose. Although this glycosaminoglycan exerts an antithrombotic effect following oral administration, high doses are necessary to achieve the maximum effect. The diminished activity of FucCS following oral administration is likely due to its degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and its limited ability to cross the intestinal cell membranes. The latter aspect is particularly difficult to overcome. However, gastroresistant tablet formulation may help limit the degradation of FucCS in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present work, we found that the oral administration of FucCS as gastroresistant tablets produces a more potent and prolonged anticoagulant effect compared with its administration as an aqueous solution, with no significant changes in the bleeding tendency or arterial blood pressure. Experiments using animal models of arterial thrombosis initiated by endothelial injury demonstrated that FucCS delivered as gastro-protective tablets produced a potent antithrombotic effect, whereas its aqueous solution was ineffective. However, there was no significant difference between the effects of FucCS delivered as gastroresistant tablets or as aqueous solution in a venous thrombosis model, likely due to the high dose of thromboplastin used. New oral anticoagulants tested in these experimental models for comparison showed significantly increased bleeding tendencies. Our study provides a framework for developing effective oral anticoagulants based on sulfated polysaccharides from marine organisms. The present results suggest that FucCS is a promising oral anticoagulant.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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Marine organism sulfated polysaccharides exhibiting significant antimalarial activity and inhibition of red blood cell invasion by Plasmodium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24368. [PMID: 27071342 PMCID: PMC4829872 DOI: 10.1038/srep24368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimalarial activity of heparin, against which there are no resistances known, has not been therapeutically exploited due to its potent anticoagulating activity. Here, we have explored the antiplasmodial capacity of heparin-like sulfated polysaccharides from the sea cucumbers Ludwigothurea grisea and Isostichopus badionotus, from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis, and from the marine sponge Desmapsamma anchorata. In vitro experiments demonstrated for most compounds significant inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum growth at low-anticoagulant concentrations. This activity was found to operate through inhibition of erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium, likely mediated by a coating of the parasite similar to that observed for heparin. In vivo four-day suppressive tests showed that several of the sulfated polysaccharides improved the survival of Plasmodium yoelii-infected mice. In one animal treated with I. badionotus fucan parasitemia was reduced from 10.4% to undetectable levels, and Western blot analysis revealed the presence of antibodies against P. yoelii antigens in its plasma. The retarded invasion mediated by sulfated polysaccharides, and the ensuing prolonged exposure of Plasmodium to the immune system, can be explored for the design of new therapeutic approaches against malaria where heparin-related polysaccharides of low anticoagulating activity could play a dual role as drugs and as potentiators of immune responses.
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Pomin VH. Marine Non-Glycosaminoglycan Sulfated Glycans as Potential Pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:848-64. [PMID: 26690451 PMCID: PMC4695813 DOI: 10.3390/ph8040848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are currently the marine non-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfated glycans most studied in glycomics. These compounds exhibit therapeutic effects in several pathophysiological systems such as blood coagulation, thrombosis, neovascularization, cancer, inflammation, and microbial infections. As analogs of the largely employed GAGs and due to some limitations of the GAG-based therapies, SFs and SGs comprise new carbohydrate-based therapeutics available for clinical studies. Here, the principal structural features and the major mechanisms of action of the SFs and SGs in the above-mentioned pathophysiological systems are presented. Discussion is also given on the current challenges and the future perspectives in drug development of these marine glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
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