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Mukherjee P, Zhou X, Galli S, Davidson B, Zhang L, Ahn J, Aljuhani R, Benicky J, Ailles L, Pomin VH, Olsen M, Goldman R. Aspartate β-Hydroxylase Is Upregulated in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Regulates Invasiveness in Cancer Cell Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4998. [PMID: 38732216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a protein associated with malignancy in a wide range of tumors. We hypothesize that inhibition of ASPH activity could have anti-tumor properties in patients with head and neck cancer. In this study, we screened tumor tissues of 155 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients for the expression of ASPH using immunohistochemistry. We used an ASPH inhibitor, MO-I-1151, known to inhibit the catalytic activity of ASPH in the endoplasmic reticulum, to show its inhibitory effect on the migration of SCC35 head and neck cancer cells in cell monolayers and in matrix-embedded spheroid co-cultures with primary cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) CAF 61137 of head and neck origin. We also studied a combined effect of MO-I-1151 and HfFucCS, an inhibitor of invasion-blocking heparan 6-O-endosulfatase activity. We found ASPH was upregulated in HNSCC tumors compared to the adjacent normal tissues. ASPH was uniformly high in expression, irrespective of tumor stage. High expression of ASPH in tumors led us to consider it as a therapeutic target in cell line models. ASPH inhibitor MO-I-1151 had significant effects on reducing migration and invasion of head and neck cancer cells, both in monolayers and matrix-embedded spheroids. The combination of the two enzyme inhibitors showed an additive effect on restricting invasion in the HNSCC cell monolayers and in the CAF-containing co-culture spheroids. We identify ASPH as an abundant protein in HNSCC tumors. Targeting ASPH with inhibitor MO-I-1151 effectively reduces CAF-mediated cellular invasion in cancer cell models. We propose that the additive effect of MO-I-1151 with HfFucCS, an inhibitor of heparan 6-O-endosulfatases, on HNSCC cells could improve interventions and needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Biotechnology Program, Northern Virginia Community College, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Susana Galli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bruce Davidson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Reem Aljuhani
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Julius Benicky
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Glendale Campus, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Pharmacometrics Center of Excellence, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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2
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He P, Song Y, Jin W, Li Y, Xia K, Kim SB, Dwivedi R, Farrag M, Bates J, Pomin VH, Wang C, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Zhang F. Marine sulfated glycans inhibit the interaction of heparin with S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB variant. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:163-174. [PMID: 38642280 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, leading to 6.8 million deaths. Numerous variants have emerged since its outbreak, resulting in its significantly enhanced ability to spread among humans. As with many other viruses, SARS‑CoV‑2 utilizes heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the surface of host cells to facilitate viral attachment and initiate cellular entry through the ACE2 receptor. Therefore, interfering with virion-HS interactions represents a promising target to develop broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. Sulfated glycans derived from marine organisms have been proven to be exceptional reservoirs of naturally existing HS mimetics, which exhibit remarkable therapeutic properties encompassing antiviral/microbial, antitumor, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, the interactions between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 (both WT and XBB.1.5 variants) and heparin were applied to assess the inhibitory activity of 10 marine-sourced glycans including three sulfated fucans, three fucosylated chondroitin sulfates and two fucoidans derived from sea cucumbers, sea urchin and seaweed Saccharina japonica, respectively. The inhibitory activity of these marine derived sulfated glycans on the interactions between RBD of S-protein and heparin was evaluated using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The RBDs of S-proteins from both Omicrion XBB.1.5 and wild-type (WT) were found to bind to heparin, which is a highly sulfated form of HS. All the tested marine-sourced sulfated glycans exhibited strong inhibition of WT and XBB.1.5 S-protein binding to heparin. We believe the study on the molecular interactions between S-proteins and host cell glycosaminoglycans provides valuable insight for the development of marine-sourced, glycan-based inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- School of Oceanography, Beibu Gulf University, 535011, Qinzhou, China
| | - Yuefan Song
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Weihua Jin
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunran Li
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - John Bates
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
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Dwivedi R, Maurya AK, Ahmed H, Farrag M, Pomin VH. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based structural elucidation of novel marine glycans and derived oligosaccharides. Magn Reson Chem 2024; 62:269-285. [PMID: 37439410 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine glycans of defined structures are unique representatives among all kinds of structurally complex glycans endowed with important biological actions. Besides their unique biological properties, these marine sugars also enable advanced structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies given their distinct and defined structures. However, the natural high molecular weights (MWs) of these marine polysaccharides, sometimes even bigger than 100 kDa, pose a problem in many biophysical and analytical studies. Hence, the preparation of low MW oligosaccharides becomes a strategy to overcome the problem. Regardless of the polymeric or oligomeric lengths of these molecules, structural elucidation is mandatory for SAR studies. For this, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays a pivotal role. Here, we revisit the NMR-based structural elucidation of a series of marine sulfated poly/oligosaccharides discovered in our laboratory within the last 2 years. This set of structures includes the α-glucan extracted from the bivalve Marcia hiantina; the two sulfated galactans extracted from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis; the fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the sea cucumber Pentacta pygmaea; the oligosaccharides produced from the fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from this sea cucumber species and from another species, Holothuria floridana; and the sulfated fucan from this later species. Specific 1H and 13C chemical shifts, generated by various 1D and 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectra, are exploited as the primary source of information in the structural elucidation of these marine glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Antim K Maurya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Hoda Ahmed
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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4
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Maurya AK, Ahmed HA, DeWitt A, Shami AA, Misra SK, Pomin VH. Structure and Binding Properties to Blood Co-Factors of the Least Sulfated Galactan Found in the Cell Wall of the Red Alga Botryocladia occidentalis. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:81. [PMID: 38393052 PMCID: PMC10890634 DOI: 10.3390/md22020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Three different populations of sulfated polysaccharides can be found in the cell wall of the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis. In a previous work, the structures of the two more sulfated polysaccharides were revised. In this work, NMR-based structural analysis was performed on the least sulfated polysaccharide and its chemically modified derivatives. Results have revealed the presence of both 4-linked α- and 3-linked β-galactose units having the following chemical features: more than half of the total galactose units are not sulfated, the α-units occur primarily as 3,6-anhydrogalactose units either 2-O-methylated or 2-O-sulfated, and the β-galactose units can be 4-O-sulfated or 2,4-O-disulfated. SPR-based results indicated weaker binding of the least sulfated galactan to thrombin, factor Xa, and antithrombin, but stronger binding to heparin cofactor II than unfractionated heparin. This report together with our previous publication completes the structural characterization of the three polysaccharides found in the cell wall of the red alga B. occidentalis and correlates the impact of their composing chemical groups with the levels of interaction with the blood co-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antim K. Maurya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Hoda Al. Ahmed
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Anderson DeWitt
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Anter A. Shami
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Sandeep K. Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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5
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Yang J, Song Y, Jin W, Xia K, Burnett GC, Qiao W, Bates JT, Pomin VH, Wang C, Qiao M, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Zhang F. Sulfated Glycans Inhibit the Interaction of MERS-CoV Receptor Binding Domain with Heparin. Viruses 2024; 16:237. [PMID: 38400013 PMCID: PMC10892611 DOI: 10.3390/v16020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus with high contagion and mortality rates. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are ubiquitously expressed on the surface of mammalian cells. Owing to its high negatively charged property, heparan sulfate (HS) on the surface of host cells is used by many viruses as cofactor to facilitate viral attachment and initiate cellular entry. Therefore, inhibition of the interaction between viruses and HS could be a promising target to inhibit viral infection. In the current study, the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of MERS-CoV and heparin was exploited to assess the inhibitory activity of various sulfated glycans such as glycosaminoglycans, marine-sourced glycans (sulfated fucans, fucosylated chondroitin sulfates, fucoidans, and rhamnan sulfate), pentosan polysulfate, and mucopolysaccharide using Surface Plasmon Resonance. We believe this study provides valuable insights for the development of sulfated glycan-based inhibitors as potential antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (J.Y.); (W.Q.); (M.Q.)
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Yuefan Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Grace C. Burnett
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (G.C.B.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Wanjin Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (J.Y.); (W.Q.); (M.Q.)
| | - John T. Bates
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (G.C.B.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (J.Y.); (W.Q.); (M.Q.)
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; (Y.S.); (K.X.); (C.W.); (R.J.L.)
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Mukherjee P, Zhou X, Benicky J, Panigrahi A, Aljuhani R, Liu J, Ailles L, Pomin VH, Wang Z, Goldman R. Heparan-6- O-Endosulfatase 2 Promotes Invasiveness of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines in Co-Cultures with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5168. [PMID: 37958342 PMCID: PMC10650326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Local invasiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex phenomenon supported by interaction of the cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment (TME). We and others have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a component of the TME that can promote local invasion in HNSCC and other cancers. Here we report that the secretory enzyme heparan-6-O-endosulfatase 2 (Sulf-2) directly affects the CAF-supported invasion of the HNSCC cell lines SCC35 and Cal33 into Matrigel. The Sulf-2 knockout (KO) cells differ from their wild type counterparts in their spheroid growth and formation, and the Sulf-2-KO leads to decreased invasion in a spheroid co-culture model with the CAF. Next, we investigated whether a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria floridana (HfFucCS) affects the activity of the Sulf-2 enzyme. Our results show that HfFucCS not only efficiently inhibits the Sulf-2 enzymatic activity but, like the Sulf-2 knockout, inhibits Matrigel invasion of SCC35 and Cal33 cells co-cultured with primary HNSCC CAF. These findings suggest that the heparan-6-O-endosulfatases regulate local invasion and could be therapeutically targeted with the inhibitory activity of a marine glycosaminoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Biotechnology Program, Northern Virginia Community College, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Julius Benicky
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Aswini Panigrahi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Reem Aljuhani
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada;
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Glycan Therapeutics, LLC, 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (P.M.); (X.Z.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Translational Glycoscience Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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7
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Samanta P, Mishra SK, Pomin VH, Doerksen RJ. Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Clarify Binding Sites for Interactions of Novel Marine Sulfated Glycans with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Molecules 2023; 28:6413. [PMID: 37687244 PMCID: PMC10490367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell is mediated by its S-glycoprotein (SGP). Sulfated glycans bind to the SGP receptor-binding domain (RBD), which forms a ternary complex with its receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Here, we have conducted a thorough and systematic computational study of the binding of four oligosaccharide building blocks from novel marine sulfated glycans (isolated from Pentacta pygmaea and Isostichopus badionotus) to the non-glycosylated and glycosylated RBD. Blind docking studies using three docking programs identified five potential cryptic binding sites. Extensive site-targeted docking and molecular dynamics simulations using two force fields confirmed only two binding sites (Sites 1 and 5) for these novel, highly charged sulfated glycans, which were also confirmed by previously published reports. This work showed the structural features and key interactions driving ligand binding. A previous study predicted Site 2 to be a potential binding site, which was not observed here. The use of several molecular modeling approaches gave a comprehensive assessment. The detailed comparative study utilizing multiple modeling approaches is the first of its kind for novel glycan-SGP interaction characterization. This study provided insights into the key structural features of these novel glycans as they are considered for development as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA; (P.S.); (S.K.M.); (V.H.P.)
| | - Sushil K. Mishra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA; (P.S.); (S.K.M.); (V.H.P.)
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA; (P.S.); (S.K.M.); (V.H.P.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA; (P.S.); (S.K.M.); (V.H.P.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
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8
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Dwivedi R, Farrag M, Sharma P, Shi D, Shami AA, Misra SK, Ray P, Shukla J, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Sharp JS, Tandon R, Pomin VH. The Sea Cucumber Thyonella gemmata Contains a Low Anticoagulant Sulfated Fucan with High Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Actions against Wild-Type and Delta Variants. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:1463-1475. [PMID: 37306476 PMCID: PMC10401483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we isolated two new sulfated glycans from the body wall of the sea cucumber Thyonella gemmata: one fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (TgFucCS) (17.5 ± 3.5% kDa) and one sulfated fucan (TgSF) (383.3 ± 2.1% kDa). NMR results showed the TgFucCS backbone composed of [→3)-β-N-acetylgalactosamine-(1→4)-β-glucuronic acid-(1→] with 70% 4-sulfated and 30% 4,6-disulfated GalNAc units and one-third of the GlcA units decorated at the C3 position with branching α-fucose (Fuc) units either 4-sulfated (65%) or 2,4-disulfated (35%) and the TgSF structure composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of [→3)-α-Fuc2,4S-(1→2)-α-Fuc4S-(1→3)-α-Fuc2S-(1→3)-α-Fuc2S-(1→]n. Inhibitory properties of TgFucCS and TgSF were investigated using SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus coated with S-proteins of the wild-type (Wuhan-Hu-1) or the delta (B.1.617.2) strains and in four different anticoagulant assays, comparatively with unfractionated heparin. Molecular binding to coagulation (co)-factors and S-proteins was investigated by competitive surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Among the two sulfated glycans tested, TgSF showed significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity against both strains together with low anticoagulant properties, indicating a good candidate for future studies in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
| | - Deling Shi
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Anter A Shami
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Sandeep K Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Priya Ray
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
| | - Jayanti Shukla
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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9
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He P, Shi D, Li Y, Xia K, Kim SB, Dwivedi R, Farrag M, Pomin VH, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Zhang F. SPR Sensor-Based Analysis of the Inhibition of Marine Sulfated Glycans on Interactions between Monkeypox Virus Proteins and Glycosaminoglycans. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050264. [PMID: 37233458 DOI: 10.3390/md21050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated glycans from marine organisms are excellent sources of naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mimetics that demonstrate therapeutic activities, such as antiviral/microbial infection, anticoagulant, anticancer, and anti-inflammation activities. Many viruses use the heparan sulfate (HS) GAG on the surface of host cells as co-receptors for attachment and initiating cell entry. Therefore, virion-HS interactions have been targeted to develop broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. Here we report the potential anti-monkeypox virus (MPXV) activities of eight defined marine sulfated glycans, three fucosylated chondroitin sulfates, and three sulfated fucans extracted from the sea cucumber species Isostichopus badionotus, Holothuria floridana, and Pentacta pygmaea, and the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, as well as two chemically desulfated derivatives. The inhibitions of these marine sulfated glycans on MPXV A29 and A35 protein-heparin interactions were evaluated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). These results demonstrated that the viral surface proteins of MPXV A29 and A35 bound to heparin, which is a highly sulfated HS, and sulfated glycans from sea cucumbers showed strong inhibition of MPXV A29 and A35 interactions. The study of molecular interactions between viral proteins and host cell GAGs is important in developing therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Deling Shi
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Yunran Li
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Sharma P, Dwivedi R, Ray P, Shukla J, Pomin VH, Tandon R. Inhibition of Cytomegalovirus by Pentacta pygmaea Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Depends on Its Molecular Weight. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040859. [PMID: 37112839 PMCID: PMC10142442 DOI: 10.3390/v15040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses attach to host cells by first interacting with cell surface proteoglycans containing heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan chains and then by engaging with specific receptor, resulting in virus entry. In this project, HS–virus interactions were targeted by a new fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from the sea cucumber Pentacta pygmaea (PpFucCS) in order to block human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) entry into cells. Human foreskin fibroblasts were infected with HCMV in the presence of PpFucCS and its low molecular weight (LMW) fractions and the virus yield at five days post-infection was assessed. The virus attachment and entry into the cells were visualized by labeling the purified virus particles with a self-quenching fluorophore octadecyl rhodamine B (R18). The native PpFucCS exhibited potent inhibitory activity against HCMV specifically blocking virus entry into the cell and the inhibitory activities of the LMW PpFucCS derivatives were proportional to their chain lengths. PpFucCS and the derived oligosaccharides did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity; moreover, they protected the infected cells from virus-induced lytic cell death. In conclusion, PpFucCS inhibits the entry of HCMV into cells and the high MW of this carbohydrate is a key structural element to achieve the maximal anti-viral effect. This new marine sulfated glycan can be developed into a potential prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral agent against HCMV infection.
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Zoepfl M, Dwivedi R, Kim SB, McVoy MA, Pomin VH. Antiviral activity of marine sulfated glycans against pathogenic human coronaviruses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4804. [PMID: 36959228 PMCID: PMC10035982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Great interest exists towards the discovery and development of broad-spectrum antivirals. This occurs due to the frequent emergence of new viruses which can also eventually lead to pandemics. A reasonable and efficient strategy to develop new broad-spectrum antivirals relies on targeting a common molecular player of various viruses. Heparan sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells which plays a key role as co-receptor in many virus infections. In previous work, marine sulfated glycans (MSGs) were identified as having antiviral activities. Their mechanism of action relies primarily on competitive inhibition of virion binding to heparan sulfate, preventing virus attachment to the cell surface prior to entry. In the current work we used pseudotyped lentivirus particles to investigate in a comparative fashion the inhibitory properties of five structurally defined MSGs against SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and influenza A virus (IAV). MSGs include the disaccharide-repeating sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis, the tetrasaccharide-repeating sulfated fucans from the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus and from the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus, and the two marine fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from the sea cucumbers I. badionotus and Pentacta pygmaea. Results indicate specificity of action against SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Curiously, the MSGs showed decreased inhibitory potencies against MERS-CoV and negligible action against IAV. Among the five MSGs, the two sulfated fucans here studied deserve further attention since they have the lowest anticoagulant effects but still present potent and selective antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Zoepfl
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael A McVoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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12
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Maurya AK, Sharma P, Samanta P, Shami AA, Misra SK, Zhang F, Thara R, Kumar D, Shi D, Linhardt RJ, Sharp JS, Doerksen RJ, Tandon R, Pomin VH. Structure, anti-SARS-CoV-2, and anticoagulant effects of two sulfated galactans from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124168. [PMID: 36963552 PMCID: PMC10175164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis (BoSG) was originally proposed as a simple repeating disaccharide of alternating 4-linked α-galactopyranose (Galp) and 3-linked β-Galp units with variable sulfation pattern. Abundance was estimated only for the α-Galp units: one-third of 2,3-disulfation and one-third of 2-monosulfation. Here, we isolated again the same BoSG fractions from the anion-exchange chromatography, obtaining the same NMR profile of the first report. More careful NMR analysis led us to revise the structure. A more complex sulfation pattern was noted along with the occurrence of 4-linked α-3,6-anhydro-Galp (AnGalp) units. Interestingly, the more sulfated BoSG fraction showed slightly reduced in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities against both wild-type and delta variants, and significantly reduced anticoagulant activity. The BoSG fractions showed no cytotoxic effects. The reduction in both bioactivities is attributed to the presence of the AnGalp unit. Docking scores from computational simulations using BoSG disaccharide constructs on wild-type and delta S-proteins, and binding analysis through competitive SPR assays using blood (co)-factors (antithrombin, heparin cofactor II and thrombin) and four S-proteins (wild-type, delta, gamma, and omicron) strongly support the conclusion about the deleterious impact of the AnGalp unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antim K Maurya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Anter A Shami
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Sandeep K Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Reena Thara
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Deling Shi
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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13
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Ahmed HA, Ticar BF, Black I, Mahdi F, Shami AA, Misra SK, Heiss C, Paris JJ, Sharp JS, Azadi P, Pomin VH. Structural characterization and biological activity of an α-glucan from the mollusk Marcia hiantina (Lamarck, 1818). Glycoconj J 2023; 40:33-46. [PMID: 36454453 PMCID: PMC9931679 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Marcia hiantina (Mollusca, Bivalvia) (Lamarck, 1818), is an edible clam mainly distributed along the tropical coastal regions. Recent researches have demonstrated that clams can possess compounds, including polysaccharides, with a wide range of biological actions including antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. Here an α-glucan was isolated from M. hiantina by hot water, purified by anion exchange chromatography, and its structure was characterized by a combination of multiple nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods (1D 1H, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-1H TOCSY, 1H-1H NOESY, 1H-13C HSQC and 1H-13C HSQC-NOESY spectra), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The analysis from NMR, monosaccharide composition, methylation analyses and HPSEC combined with multi-angle light scattering (MALS) of M. hiantina-derived α-glycan confirmed a branched polysaccharide exclusively composed of glucose (Glc), mostly 4-linked in its backbone, branched occasionally at 6-positions, and having a molecular weight of ~ 570 kDa. The mollusk α-glucan was subjected to four cell-based assays: (i) viability of three cell lines (RAW264.7, HaCaT, and HT-29), (ii) activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin production in RAW264.7 cells, (iii) inhibitory activities of in H2O2- and LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HMC3 cells, and (iv) HaCaT cell proliferation. Results have indicated no cytotoxicity, potent inhibition of both H2O2- and LPS-induced ROS, and potent cell proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Al Ahmed
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Bernadeth F Ticar
- Natural Science Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Iloilo Science and Technology University, Iloilo, Philippines
| | - Ian Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Fakhri Mahdi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Anter A Shami
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Sandeep K Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Christian Heiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jason J Paris
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA.
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14
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Kim SB, Farrag M, Mishra SK, Misra SK, Sharp JS, Doerksen RJ, Pomin VH. Selective 2-desulfation of tetrasaccharide-repeating sulfated fucans during oligosaccharide production by mild acid hydrolysis. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 301:120316. [PMID: 36436858 PMCID: PMC9745898 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated fucans (SFs) from echinoderms, such as sea cucumbers and sea urchins, present linear and regular sulfation patterns within defined oligosaccharide building blocks. The high molecular weights of these polymers pose a problem in advanced structure-activity relationship studies for which derived oligosaccharides are more appropriate tools for investigation. However, enzymes capable of specifically depolymerizing SFs, fucanases, are not very common. Scarce abundance and unknown catalytic activities are additional barriers to exploiting fucanases. Oligosaccharide production by controlled chemical reactions such as mild acid hydrolysis then becomes a convenient strategy. As a consequence, physicochemical studies are necessary to understand the structural modifications caused on SFs by this chemical hydrolysis. Hence, in this work, we subjected three tetrasaccharide-repeating SFs from sea cucumbers, Isostichopus badionotus (IbSF), Holothuria floridana (HfSF), and Lytechinus variegatus (LvSF) to mild acid hydrolysis for oligosaccharide production. Interestingly, selective 2-desulfation reaction was observed in all three SFs. Through our study, we indicate that selective 2-desulfation is a common and expected phenomenon in oligosaccharide production by mild acid hydrolysis of SFs, including those composed of tetrasaccharide-repeating units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sushil K Mishra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Sandeep K Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States.
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15
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Dwivedi R, Sharma P, Eilts F, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Tandon R, Pomin VH. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticoagulant properties of Pentacta pygmaea fucosylated chondroitin sulfate depend on high molecular weight structures. Glycobiology 2023; 33:75-85. [PMID: 36136750 PMCID: PMC9829039 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) is a unique marine glycosaminoglycan that exhibits diverse biological functions, including antiviral and anticoagulant activity. In previous work, the FucCS derived from Pentacta pygmaea (PpFucCS) showed moderate anticoagulant effect but high inhibitory activity against the Wuhan strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we perform free-radical depolymerization of PpFucCS by the copper-based Fenton method to generate low molecular weight (MW) oligosaccharides. PpFucCS oligosaccharides were structurally analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and were used to conduct structure-activity relationship studies regarding their effects against SARS-CoV-2 and clotting. Anticoagulant properties were measured by activated partial thromboplastin time, protease (factors Xa and IIa) inhibition by serine protease inhibitors (antithrombin [AT] and heparin cofactor II [HCII]), and competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay using AT, HCII, and IIa. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties were measured by the concentration-response inhibitory curves of HEK-293T-human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 cells infected with a baculovirus pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant spike (S)-protein and competitive SPR assays using multiple S-proteins (Wuhan, N501Y [Alpha], K417T/E484K/N501Y [Gamma], L542R [Delta], and Omicron [BA.2 subvariant]). Cytotoxicity of native PpFucCS and oligosaccharides was also assessed. The PpFucCS-derived oligosaccharide fraction of the highest MW showed great anti-SARS-CoV-2 Delta activity and reduced anticoagulant properties. Results have indicated no cytotoxicity and MW dependency on both anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticoagulant effects of PpFucCS, as both actions were reduced accordingly to the MW decrease of PpFucCS. Our results demonstrate that the high-MW structures of PpFucCS is a key structural element to achieve the maximal anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticoagulant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Friederike Eilts
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, United States
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Farrag M, Dwivedi R, Sharma P, Kumar D, Tandon R, Pomin VH. Structural requirements of Holothuria floridana fucosylated chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides in anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticoagulant activities. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285539. [PMID: 37167245 PMCID: PMC10174540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) is a unique glycosaminoglycan found primarily in sea cucumbers. This marine sulfated glycan is composed of a chondroitin sulfate backbone decorated with fucosyl branches attached to the glucuronic acid. FucCS exhibits potential biological actions including inhibition of blood clotting and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These biological effects have been attributed to certain structural features, including molecular weight (MW), and/or those related to fucosylation, such as degrees of fucosyl branches, sulfation patterns and contents. In a previous work, we were able to generate oligosaccharides of the FucCS from Pentacta pygmaea (PpFucCS) with reduced anticoagulant effect but still retaining significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity against the delta strain. In this work, we extended our study to the FucCS extracted from the species Holothuria floridana (HfFucCS). The oligosaccharides were prepared by free-radical depolymerization of the HfFucCS via copper-based Fenton reaction. One-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were employed in structural analysis. Activated partial thromboplastin time and assays using protease (factors Xa and IIa) and serine protease inhibitors (antithrombin, and heparin cofactor II) in the presence of the sulfated carbohydrates were used to monitor anticoagulation. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects were measured using the concentration-response inhibitory curves of HEK-293T-human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 cells infected with a baculovirus pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and delta variant spike (S)-proteins. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of native HfFucCS and its oligosaccharides was also assessed. Like for PpFucCS, we were able to generate a HfFucCS oligosaccharide fraction devoid of high anticoagulant effect but still retaining considerable anti-SARS-CoV-2 actions against both variants. However, compared to the oligosaccharide fraction derived from PpFucCS, the average MW of the shortest active HfFucCS oligosaccharide fraction was significantly lower. This finding suggests that the specific structural feature in HfFucCS, the branching 3,4-di-sulfated fucoses together with the backbone 4,6-di-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamines, is relevant for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of FucCS molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, United States of America
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, United States of America
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States of America
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Pomin VH, Rajarathnam K. NMR Methods for Characterization of Glycosaminoglycan-Chemokine Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2597:143-157. [PMID: 36374420 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2835-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Humans express around 50 chemokines that play crucial roles in human pathophysiology from combating infection to immune surveillance by directing and trafficking leukocytes to the target tissue. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) regulate chemokine function by tuning monomer/dimer levels, chemotactic/haptotactic gradients, and how they are presented to their receptors. Knowledge of the structural features of the chemokine-GAG complexes and GAG properties that define chemokine interactions is essential not only to understand chemokine function, but also for developing drugs that disrupt chemokine-GAG crosstalk and thereby impart protection against dysregulated host defense. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has proven to be quite useful for providing residue-specific interactions, binding geometry and models, specificity, and affinity. Multiple NMR methods have been used including (1) chemical shift perturbation (CSP), (2) saturation transfer difference (STD), and (3) paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) techniques. In this chapter, we describe how NMR CSP, STD, and PRE can be best used for characterizing chemokine-GAG interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Zhang W, Jin W, Pomin VH, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Interactions of marine sulfated glycans with antithrombin and platelet factor 4. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:954752. [PMID: 36200072 PMCID: PMC9527323 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.954752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular interactions of sulfated glycans, such as heparin, with antithrombin (AT) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) are essential for certain biological events such as anticoagulation and heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). In this study, a library including 84 sulfated glycans (polymers and oligomers) extracted from marine algae along with several animal-originated polysaccharides were subjected to a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study regarding their specific molecular interactions with AT and PF4 using surface plasmon resonance. In this SAR study, multiple characteristics were considered including different algal species, different methods of extraction, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, sulfate content and pattern and branching vs. linear chains. These factors were found to influence the binding affinity of the studied glycans with AT. Many polysaccharides showed stronger binding than the low molecular weight heparin (e.g., enoxaparin). Fourteen polysaccharides with strong AT-binding affinities were selected to further investigate their binding affinity with PF4. Eleven of these polysaccharides showed strong binding to PF4. It was observed that the types of monosaccharides, molecular weight and branching are not very essential particularly when these polysaccharides are oversulfated. The sulfation levels and sulfation patterns are, on the other hand, the primary contribution to strong AT and PF4 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weihua Jin, ; Fuming Zhang, ; Robert J. Linhardt,
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Weihua Jin, ; Fuming Zhang, ; Robert J. Linhardt,
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States,Departments of Biological Science, Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Weihua Jin, ; Fuming Zhang, ; Robert J. Linhardt,
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Dwivedi R, Sharma P, Farrag M, Kim SB, Fassero LA, Tandon R, Pomin VH. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (Wuhan-Hu-1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) strains by marine sulfated glycans. Glycobiology 2022; 32:849-854. [PMID: 35788318 PMCID: PMC9487896 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease pandemic has steered the global therapeutic research efforts toward the discovery of potential anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) molecules. The role of the viral spike glycoprotein (S-protein) has been clearly established in SARS-CoV-2 infection through its capacity to bind to the host cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2. The antiviral strategies targeting these 2 virus receptors are currently under intense investigation. However, the rapid evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome has resulted in numerous mutations in the S-protein posing a significant challenge for the design of S-protein-targeted inhibitors. As an example, the 2 key mutations in the S-protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), L452R, and T478K in the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) confer tighter binding to the host epithelial cells. Marine sulfated glycans (MSGs) demonstrate excellent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 via competitive disruption of the S-protein RBD-HSPG interactions and thus have the potential to be developed into effective prophylactic and therapeutic molecules. In this study, 7 different MSGs were evaluated for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in a virus entry assay utilizing a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus coated with S-protein of the wild-type (Wuhan-Hu-1) or the Delta (B.1.617.2) strain. Although all tested MSGs showed strong inhibitory activity against both strains, no correlations between MSG structural features and virus inhibition could be drawn. Nevertheless, the current study provides evidence for the maintenance of inhibitory activity of MSGs against evolving SARS-CoV-2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Lauren A Fassero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Kim SB, Zoepfl M, Samanta P, Zhang F, Xia K, Thara R, Linhardt RJ, Doerksen RJ, McVoy MA, Pomin VH. Fractionation of sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis separates its anticoagulant and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101856. [PMID: 35337800 PMCID: PMC8940257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfation pattern and molecular weight (MW) play a key role in the biological actions of sulfated glycans. Besides anticoagulant effects, certain sulfated glycans can also exhibit anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. To develop a more selective antiviral carbohydrate, an efficient strategy to separate these two actions is required. In this work, low MW fractions derived from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis sulfated galactan (BoSG) were generated, structurally characterized, and tested for activity against SARS-CoV-2 and blood coagulation. The lowest MW fraction was found to be primarily composed of octasaccharides of monosulfated monosaccharides. Unlike heparin or native BoSG, we found that hydrolyzed BoSG products had weak anticoagulant activities as seen by aPTT and inhibitory assays using purified cofactors. In contrast, lower MW BoSG-derivatives retained anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity using SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein pseudotyped lentivirus vector in HEK-293T-hACE2 cells monitored by GFP. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed that longer chains are necessary for BoSG to interact with coagulation cofactors but is not required for interactions with certain S-protein variants. We observed distinct affinities of BoSG derivatives for the S-proteins of different SARS-CoV-2 strains, including WT, N501Y (Alpha), K417T/E484K/N501Y (Gamma), and L542R (Delta) mutants, and stronger affinity for the N501Y-containing variants. Docking of the four possible monosulfated BoSG disaccharides in interactions with the N501Y mutant S-protein predicted potential binding poses of the BoSG constructs and favorable binding in close proximity to the 501Y residue. Our results demonstrate that depolymerization and fractionation of BoSG are an effective strategy to segregate its anticoagulant property from its anti-SARS-CoV-2 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mary Zoepfl
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Reena Thara
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael A McVoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA.
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21
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Janke JJ, Yu Y, Pomin VH, Zhao J, Wang C, Linhardt RJ, García AE. Characterization of Heparin's Conformational Ensemble by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1894-1904. [PMID: 35108013 PMCID: PMC9027489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a highly charged, polysulfated polysaccharide and serves as an anticoagulant. Heparin binds to multiple proteins throughout the body, suggesting a large range of potential therapeutic applications. Although its function has been characterized in multiple physiological contexts, heparin's solution conformational dynamics and structure-function relationships are not fully understood. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations facilitate the analysis of a molecule's underlying conformational ensemble, which then provides important information necessary for understanding structure-function relationships. However, for MD simulations to afford meaningful results, they must both provide adequate sampling and accurately represent the energy properties of a molecule. The aim of this study is to compare heparin's conformational ensemble using two well-developed force fields for carbohydrates, known as GLYCAM06 and CHARMM36, using replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations, and to validate these results with NMR experiments. The anticoagulant sequence, an ultra-low-molecular-weight heparin, known as Arixtra (fondaparinux, sodium), was simulated with both parameter sets. The results suggest that GLYCAM06 matches experimental nuclear magnetic resonance three-bond J-coupling values measured for Arixtra better than CHARMM36. In addition, NOESY and ROESY experiments suggest that Arixtra is very flexible in the sub-millisecond time scale and does not adopt a unique structure at 25 C. Moreover, GLYCAM06 affords a much more dynamic conformational ensemble for Arixtra than CHARMM36.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joel Janke
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Angel E García
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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22
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Dwivedi R, Samanta P, Sharma P, Zhang F, Mishra SK, Kucheryavy P, Kim SB, Aderibigbe AO, Linhardt RJ, Tandon R, Doerksen RJ, Pomin VH. Structural and kinetic analyses of holothurian sulfated glycans suggest potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101207. [PMID: 34537241 PMCID: PMC8445769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain sulfated glycans, including those from marine sources, can show potential effects against SARS-CoV-2. Here, a new fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) from the sea cucumber Pentacta pygmaea (PpFucCS) (MW ∼10-60 kDa) was isolated and structurally characterized by NMR. PpFucCS is composed of {→3)-β-GalNAcX-(1→4)-β-GlcA-[(3→1)Y]-(1→}, where X = 4S (80%), 6S (10%) or nonsulfated (10%), Y = α-Fuc2,4S (40%), α-Fuc2,4S-(1→4)-α-Fuc (30%), or α-Fuc4S (30%), and S = SO3-. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of PpFucCS and those of the FucCS and sulfated fucan isolated from Isostichopus badionotus (IbFucCS and IbSF) were compared with that of heparin. IC50 values demonstrated the activity of the three holothurian sulfated glycans to be ∼12 times more efficient than heparin, with no cytotoxic effects. The dissociation constant (KD) values obtained by surface plasmon resonance of the wildtype SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and N501Y mutant RBD in interactions with the heparin-immobilized sensor chip were 94 and 1.8 × 103 nM, respectively. Competitive surface plasmon resonance inhibition analysis of PpFucCS, IbFucCS, and IbSF against heparin binding to wildtype S-protein showed IC50 values (in the nanomolar range) 6, 25, and 6 times more efficient than heparin, respectively. Data from computational simulations suggest an influence of the sulfation patterns of the Fuc units on hydrogen bonding with GlcA and that conformational change of some of the oligosaccharide structures occurs upon S-protein RBD binding. Compared with heparin, negligible anticoagulant action was observed for IbSF. Our results suggest that IbSF may represent a promising molecule for future investigations against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Sushil K Mishra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Pavel Kucheryavy
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - AyoOluwa O Aderibigbe
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA.
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23
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Harris HM, Boyet KL, Liu H, Dwivedi R, Ashpole NM, Tandon R, Bidwell GL, Cheng Z, Fassero LA, Yu CS, Pomin VH, Mitra D, Harrison KA, Dahl E, Gurley BJ, Kotha AK, Chougule MB, Sharp JS. Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Intranasally Administered Heparin.. [PMID: 35194614 PMCID: PMC8863150 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.05.21259936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Intranasally administered unfractionated heparin (UFH) and other sulfated polysaccharides are potential prophylactics for COVID-19. The purpose of this research was to measure the safety and pharmacokinetics of clearance of intranasally administered UFH solution from the nasal cavity. Methods Double-blinded daily intranasal dosing in C57Bl6 mice with four doses (60 ng to 60 μg) of UFH was carried out for fourteen consecutive days, with both blood coagulation measurements and subject adverse event monitoring. The pharmacokinetics of fluorescent-labeled UFH clearance from the nasal cavity were measured in mice by in vivo imaging. Intranasal UFH at 2000 U/day solution with nasal spray device was tested for safety in a small number of healthy human subjects. Results UFH showed no evidence of toxicity in mice at any dose measured. No significant changes were observed in activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), platelet count, or frequency of minor irritant events over vehicle-only control. Human subjects showed no significant changes in aPTT time, international normalized ratio (INR), or platelet count over baseline measurements. No serious adverse events were observed. In vivo imaging in a mouse model showed a single phase clearance of UFH from the nasal cavity. After 12 hours, 3.2% of the administered UFH remained in the nasal cavity, decaying to background levels by 48 hours. Conclusions UFH showed no toxic effects for extended daily intranasal dosing in mice as well as humans. The clearance kinetics of intranasal heparin solution from the nasal cavity indicates potentially protective levels for up to 12 hours after dosing.
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Zoepfl M, Dwivedi R, Taylor MC, Pomin VH, McVoy MA. Antiviral activities of four marine sulfated glycans against adenovirus and human cytomegalovirus. Antiviral Res 2021; 190:105077. [PMID: 33864843 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antivirals are more needed than ever to provide treatment options for novel emerging viruses and for viruses that lack therapeutic options or have developed resistance. A large number of viruses rely on charge-dependent non-specific interactions with heparan sulfate (HS), a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), for attachment to cell surfaces to initiate cell entry. As such, inhibitors targeting virion-HS interactions have potential to have broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Previous research has explored organic and inorganic small molecules, peptides, and GAG mimetics to disrupt virion-HS interactions. Here we report antiviral activities against both enveloped (the herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus) and non-enveloped (adenovirus) DNA viruses for four defined marine sulfated glycans: a sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis; a sulfated fucan from the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, and a sulfated fucan and a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus. As evidenced by gene expression, time of addition, and treatment/removal assays, all four novel glycans inhibited viral attachment and entry, most likely through interactions with virions. The sulfated fucans, which both lack anticoagulant activity, had similar antiviral profiles, suggesting that their activities are not only due to sulfation content or negative charge density but also due to other physicochemical factors such as the potential conformational shapes of these carbohydrates in solution and upon interaction with virion proteins. The structural and chemical properties of these marine sulfated glycans provide unique opportunities to explore relationships between glycan structure and their antiviral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Zoepfl
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W Main St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, 417A Faser Hall University, MS, 38677-1848, USA
| | - Maggie C Taylor
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, 417A Faser Hall University, MS, 38677-1848, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, 417A Faser Hall University, MS, 38677-1848, USA.
| | - Michael A McVoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0163, USA.
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Abstract
Thrombosis remains a prime reason of mortality worldwide. With the available antithrombotic drugs, bleeding remains the major downside of current treatments. This raises a clinical concern for all patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy. Novel antithrombotics from marine sources offer a promising therapeutic alternative to this pathology. However, for any potential new molecule to be introduced as a real alternative to existing drugs, the exhibition of comparable anticoagulant potential with minimal off-target effects must be achieved. The relevance of marine antithrombotics, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, is largely due to their unique mechanisms of action and lack of bleeding. There have been many investigations in the field and, in recent years, results have confirmed the role of potential marine molecules as alternative antithrombotics. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are required. This review covers the core of the data available so far regarding the science of marine molecules with potential medical applications to treat thrombosis. After a general discussion about the major biochemical steps involved in this pathology, we discuss the key structural and biomedical aspects of marine molecules of both low and high molecular weight endowed with antithrombotic/anticoagulant properties.
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26
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Basso AMM, De Castro RJA, de Castro TB, Guimarães HI, Polez VLP, Carbonero ER, Pomin VH, Hoffmann C, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Tavares AH, Bocca AL. Immunomodulatory activity of β-glucan-containing exopolysaccharides from Auricularia auricular in phagocytes and mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. Med Mycol 2020; 58:227-239. [PMID: 31095342 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antifungal drugs present poor effectiveness and there is no available vaccine for fungal infections. Thus, novel strategies to treat or prevent invasive mycosis, such as cryptococcosis, are highly desirable. One strategy is the use of immunomodulators of polysaccharide nature isolated from mushrooms. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the immunostimulatory activity of β-(1,3)-glucan-containing exopolysaccharides (EPS) from the edible mushrooms Auricularia auricula in phagocytes and mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. EPS triggered macrophages and dendritic cell activation upon binding to Dectin-1, a pattern recognition receptor of the C-type lectin receptor family. Engagement of Dectin-1 culminated in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and cell maturation via its canonical Syk-dependent pathway signaling. Furthermore, upon EPS treatment, M2-like phenotype macrophages, known to support intracellular survival and replication of C. neoformans, repolarize to M1 macrophage pattern associated with enhanced production of the microbicidal molecule nitric oxide that results in efficient killing of C. neoformans. Treatment with EPS also upregulated transcript levels of genes encoding products associated with host protection against C. neoformans and Dectin-1 mediated signaling in macrophages. Finally, orally administrated β-glucan-containing EPS from A. auricular enhanced the survival of mice infected with C. neoformans. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that EPS from A. auricula exert immunostimulatory activity in phagocytes and induce host protection against C. neoformans, suggesting that polysaccharides from this mushroom may be promising as an adjuvant for vaccines or antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Basso
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - R J A De Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - T B de Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - H I Guimarães
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
| | - V L P Polez
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
| | - E R Carbonero
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - V H Pomin
- Program of Glicobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, the University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - C Hoffmann
- Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduated Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A H Tavares
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - A L Bocca
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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Tandon R, Sharp JS, Zhang F, Pomin VH, Ashpole NM, Mitra D, Jin W, Liu H, Sharma P, Linhardt RJ. Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Heparin and Enoxaparin Derivatives. bioRxiv 2020:2020.06.08.140236. [PMID: 32577638 PMCID: PMC7302190 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.08.140236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of historic proportions and continues to spread globally, with enormous consequences to human health. Currently there is no vaccine, effective therapeutic or prophylactic. Like other betacoronaviruses, attachment and entry of SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by the spike glycoprotein (SGP). In addition to its well-documented interaction with its receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), SGP has been found to bind to glycosaminoglycans like heparan sulfate, which is found on the surface of virtually all mammalian cells. Here, we pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 SGP on a third generation lentiviral (pLV) vector and tested the impact of various sulfated polysaccharides on transduction efficiency in mammalian cells. The pLV vector pseudotyped SGP efficiently and produced high titers on HEK293T cells. Various sulfated polysaccharides potently neutralized pLV-S pseudotyped virus with clear structure-based differences in anti-viral activity and affinity to SGP. Concentration-response curves showed that pLV-S particles were efficiently neutralized by a range of concentrations of unfractionated heparin (UFH), enoxaparin, 6-O-desulfated UFH and 6-O-desulfated enoxaparin with an IC50 of 5.99 μg/L, 1.08 mg/L, 1.77 μg/L, and 5.86 mg/L respectively. The low serum bioavailability of intranasally administered UFH, along with data suggesting that the nasal epithelium is a portal for initial infection and transmission, suggest that intranasal administration of UFH may be an effective and safe prophylactic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Tandon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Joshua S. Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677
| | - Nicole M. Ashpole
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677
| | - Dipanwita Mitra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Weihua Jin
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180
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Abstract
Novel methods in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have recently been developed to investigate the binding properties of intermolecular complexes endowed with biomedical functions. Among these methods is the saturation transfer difference (STD), which enables the mapping of specific binding motifs of functional ligands. STD can efficiently uncover the specific and preferential binding sites of these ligands in their intermolecular complexes. This is particularly useful in the case of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a group of sulfated polysaccharides that play pivotal roles in various biological and pathological processes. The activity of GAGs is ultimately mediated through molecular interactions with key functional proteins, namely, GAG-binding proteins (GBPs). The quality of the GAG-GBP interactions depends on sulfation patterns, oligosaccharide length, and the composing monosaccharides of GAGs. Through STD NMR, information about the atoms of the GAG ligands involved in the complexes is provided. Here we highlight the latest achievements of the literature using STD NMR on GAG oligosaccharide-GBP complexes. Interestingly, most of the GBPs studied so far by STD NMR belong to one of the three major classes: coagulation factors, growth factors, or chemokine/cytokines. Unveiling the structural requirements of GAG ligands in bindings with their protein partners is a crucial step to understand the biochemical and medical actions of GAGs. This process is also a requirement in GAG-based drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Vignovich
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, the University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, the University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, the University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Bezerra FF, Vignovich WP, Aderibigbe AO, Liu H, Sharp JS, Doerksen RJ, Pomin VH. Conformational properties of l-fucose and the tetrasaccharide building block of the sulfated l-fucan from Lytechinus variegatus. J Struct Biol 2019; 209:107407. [PMID: 31698075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the 3D structure of carbohydrates is known to contribute to their biological roles, conformational studies of sugars are challenging because their chains are flexible in solution and consequently the number of 3D structural restraints is limited. Here, we investigate the conformational properties of the tetrasaccharide building block of the Lytechinus variegatus sulfated fucan composed of the following structure [l-Fucp4(SO3-)-α(1-3)-l-Fucp2,4(SO3-)-α(1-3)-l-Fucp2(SO3-)-α(1-3)-l-Fucp2(SO3-)] and the composing monosaccharide unit Fucp, primarily by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments performed at very low temperatures and using H2O as the solvent for the sugars rather than using the conventional deuterium oxide. By slowing down the fast chemical exchange rates and forcing the protonation of labile sites, we increased the number of through-space 1H-1H distances that could be measured by NMR spectroscopy. Following this strategy, additional conformational details of the tetrasaccharide and l-Fucp in solution were obtained. Computational molecular dynamics was performed to complement and validate the NMR-based measurements. A model of the NMR-restrained 3D structure is offered for the tetrasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco F Bezerra
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941, RJ, Brazil
| | - William P Vignovich
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, 38677 MS, USA
| | - AyoOluwa O Aderibigbe
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, 38677 MS, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, 38677 MS, USA
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, 38677 MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, 38677 MS, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, 38677 MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, 38677 MS, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941, RJ, Brazil; BioMolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, 38677 MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, 38677 MS, USA.
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Pomin VH, Vignovich WP, Gonzales AV, Vasconcelos AA, Mulloy B. Galactosaminoglycans: Medical Applications and Drawbacks. Molecules 2019; 24:E2803. [PMID: 31374852 PMCID: PMC6696379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactosaminoglycans (GalAGs) are sulfated glycans composed of alternating N-acetylgalactosamine and uronic acid units. Uronic acid epimerization, sulfation patterns and fucosylation are modifications observed on these molecules. GalAGs have been extensively studied and exploited because of their multiple biomedical functions. Chondroitin sulfates (CSs), the main representative family of GalAGs, have been used in alternative therapy of joint pain/inflammation and osteoarthritis. The relatively novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), commonly found in sea cucumbers, has been screened in multiple systems in addition to its widely studied anticoagulant action. Biomedical properties of GalAGs are directly dependent on the sugar composition, presence or lack of fucose branches, as well as sulfation patterns. Although research interest in GalAGs has increased considerably over the three last decades, perhaps motivated by the parallel progress of glycomics, serious questions concerning the effectiveness and potential side effects of GalAGs have recently been raised. Doubts have centered particularly on the beneficial functions of CS-based therapeutic supplements and the potential harmful effects of FCS as similarly observed for oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, as a contaminant of heparin. Unexpected components were also detected in CS-based pharmaceutical preparations. This review therefore aims to offer a discussion on (1) the current and potential therapeutic applications of GalAGs, including those of unique features extracted from marine sources, and (2) the potential drawbacks of this class of molecules when applied to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - William P Vignovich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Alysia V Gonzales
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Imperial College, Department of Medicine, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Vasconcelos AA, Sucupira ID, Guedes AL, Queiroz IN, Frattani FS, Fonseca RJ, Pomin VH. Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Properties of Three Structurally Correlated Sea Urchin Sulfated Glycans and Their Low-Molecular-Weight Derivatives. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090304. [PMID: 30200211 PMCID: PMC6163371 DOI: 10.3390/md16090304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of three structurally correlated sea urchin-derived 3-linked sulfated α-glycans and their low molecular-weight derivatives were screened comparatively through various in vitro and in vivo methods. These methods include activated partial thromboplastin time, the inhibitory activity of antithrombin over thrombin and factor Xa, venous antithrombosis, the inhibition of platelet aggregation, the activation of factor XII, and bleeding. While the 2-sulfated fucan from Strongylocentrotus franciscanus was observed to be poorly active in most assays, the 4-sulfated fucan from Lytechinus variegatus, the 2-sulfated galactan from Echinometra lucunter and their derivatives showed multiple effects. All marine compounds showed no capacity to activate factor XII and similar low bleeding tendencies regardless of the dose concentrations used to achieve the highest antithrombotic effect observed. The 2-sulfated galactan showed the best combination of results. Our work improves the background about the structure-function relationship of the marine sulfated glycans in anticoagulation and antithrombosis. Besides confirming the negative effect of the 2-sulfated fucose and the positive effect of the 2-sulfated galactose on anticoagulation in vitro, our results also demonstrate the importance of this set of structural requirements on antithrombosis in vivo, and further support the involvement of high-molecular weight and 4-sulfated fucose in both activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Isabela D Sucupira
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra L Guedes
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ismael N Queiroz
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Flavia S Frattani
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Roberto J Fonseca
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil.
- Undergraduate Program in Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
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Abstract
The oceans harbor a great diversity of organisms, and have been recognized as an important source of new compounds with nutritional and therapeutic potential. Among these compounds, carbohydrate-based compounds are of particular interest because they exhibit numerous biological functions associated with their chemical diversity. This gives rise to new substances for the development of bioactive products. Many are the known applications of substances with glycosidic domains obtained from marine species. This review covers the structural properties and the current findings on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of medium and high molecular-weight carbohydrates or glycosylated compounds extracted from various marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
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Pomin VH, Bezerra FF, Soares PAG. Sulfated Glycans in HIV Infection and Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:3405-3414. [PMID: 28137224 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170127113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the infectious agent causative of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The number of HIV-infected people in the globe is incredibly large. Contrary to the big contamination rates, the incidence rate recently reported of AIDS-related deaths is fairly lower, less than 5% of the total infected population. The reduced rates of the AIDS-associated deaths rely primarily on the growing availability, variety and efficiency of the antiretroviral treatments. During the initial molecular events of the HIV infectivity, the glycoprotein gp120 on the HIV envelop must interact with CD4 and Heparan Sulfate (HS) proteoglycans on the surface of the host cells in order to enable HIV attachment, fusion and entry into these cells. In addition, the Trans-Activator Transcription (Tat), capable to enhance transcription and HIV virulence during infectivity, also binds to HS proteoglycans. The HS binding enables translocation of Tat proteins into the host cells. Certain chemokines and HS competitors such as exogenous glycosaminoglycans and other sulfated glycans, including those isolated from marine organisms, have been extensively studied as potential antiretroviral agents. This article is centered on revisiting the three above-mentioned functions of the sulfated glycans in the HIV infectivity and therapy: the essential roles played by HS in interactions with (1) gp120 during the HIV-host interaction, and (2) with Tat for its translocation into the host cells, and (3) the potential antiretroviral effects exerted by exogenous sulfated glycans of varying structures and origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913. Brazil
| | - Francisco F Bezerra
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913. Brazil
| | - Paulo A G Soares
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913. Brazil
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Pomin VH, Wang X. Cover Feature: Synthetic Oligosaccharide Libraries and Microarray Technology: A Powerful Combination for the Success of Current Glycosaminoglycan Interactomics (ChemMedChem 7/2018). ChemMedChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H. Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro 21941-913 Brazil
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Molecular Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
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Pomin VH, Wang X. Synthetic Oligosaccharide Libraries and Microarray Technology: A Powerful Combination for the Success of Current Glycosaminoglycan Interactomics. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:648-661. [PMID: 29160016 PMCID: PMC5895483 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are extracellular matrix and/or cell-surface sulfated glycans crucial to the regulation of various signaling proteins, the functions of which are essential in many pathophysiological systems. Because structural heterogeneity is high in GAG chains and purification is difficult, the use of structurally defined GAG oligosaccharides from natural sources as molecular models in both biophysical and pharmacological assays is limited. To overcome this obstacle, GAG-like oligosaccharides of well-defined structures are currently being synthesized by chemical and/or enzymatic means in many research groups around the world. These synthetic GAG oligosaccharides serve as useful molecular tools in studies of GAG-protein interactions. In this review, besides discussing the commonest routes used for the synthesis of GAG oligosaccharides, we also survey some libraries of these synthetic models currently available for research and discuss their activities in interaction studies with functional proteins, especially through the microarray approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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Abstract
In this editorial to MDPI Pharmaceuticals special issue “Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans” we describe in outline the common structural features of glycosaminoglycans and the characteristics of proteoglycans, including the intracellular proteoglycan, serglycin, cell-surface proteoglycans, like syndecans and glypicans, and the extracellular matrix proteoglycans, like aggrecan, perlecan, and small leucine-rich proteoglycans. The context in which the pharmaceutical uses of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans are presented in this special issue is given at the very end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Oliveira SNMCG, Santos GRC, Glauser BF, Capillé NVM, Queiroz INL, Pereira MS, Pomin VH, Mourão PAS. Structural and functional analyses of biosimilar enoxaparins available in Brazil. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:53-65. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-05-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBiosimilar enoxaparins have been available for clinical use in Brazil since 2009. Although their use has reduced costs of treatment expenses, their implementation still raises some concerns about efficiency, safety, regularity and reproducibility of batches. We undertook structural and functional analyses on over 90 batches of pharmaceutical- active ingredient, and 330 ones of the final products of biosimilar enoxaparins available in the Brazilian market between 2009 and 2014. Besides a nationwide-scale analysis, we have also employed methods that go beyond those recommended by the standard pharmacopeias. We have used high-resolution 2D NMR, detailed assessment of the anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties, check of side effects in experimental animals after continuous administration, and analyses of individual composing oligosaccharides. The 1D 1H NMR spectra of all batches of biosimilar enoxaparins are fairly coincident, and the resultant average spectrum is quite identical to that from the original drug. This structural equality was also assured by highly resolved 2D NMR spectra. The anticoagulant activity, determined by diverse assays and the in vivoantithrombotic and bleeding effects of the biosimilar version were confirmed as equal as of the parental enoxaparins. Structure and function of the composing oligosaccharides were identical in both enoxaparin types. No side effect was observed after continuous subcutaneous administration to rats for 30 days at the dose of 2 mg kg-1 body weight. Biosimilar enoxaparins available in Brazil fulfilled the requirement of the five items defined by FDA-USA for approval of this type of drug.
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Vasconcelos AA, Pomin VH. The Sea as a Rich Source of Structurally Unique Glycosaminoglycans and Mimetics. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030051. [PMID: 28846656 PMCID: PMC5620642 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated glycans capable of regulating various biological and medical functions. Heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate and hyaluronan are the principal classes of GAGs found in animals. Although GAGs are all composed of disaccharide repeating building blocks, the sulfation patterns and the composing alternating monosaccharides vary among classes. Interestingly, GAGs from marine organisms can present structures clearly distinct from terrestrial animals even considering the same class of GAG. The holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, the dermatan sulfates with distinct sulfation patterns extracted from ascidian species, the sulfated glucuronic acid-containing heparan sulfate isolated from the gastropode Nodipecten nodosum, and the hybrid heparin/heparan sulfate molecule obtained from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei are some typical examples. Besides being a rich source of structurally unique GAGs, the sea is also a wealthy environment of GAG-resembling sulfated glycans. Examples of these mimetics are the sulfated fucans and sulfated galactans found in brown, red and green algae, sea urchins and sea cucumbers. For adequate visualization, representations of all discussed molecules are given in both Haworth projections and 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil.
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Abstract
Owing to their inherent structural features, certain sulfated glycans isolated from terrestrial or marine mammals or invertebrates, can exert therapeutic properties against infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms like bacteria, virus, fungus, and protozoan parasites. These sulfated glycans belong to a variety of classes including glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) like chondroitin sulfate, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and acharan sulfate; and the less-famous algal polysaccharides known as sulfated fucans (including fucoidans), sulfated galactans (agarans and carrageenans), and sulfated heteropolysaccharides. Administration at certain concentrations of the antimicrobial sulfated glycans, especially those containing the higher amounts of the bioactive structural requirements, can lead to the interruption or disruption of the pathogen protein-host GAG complex formation, leading thus to the decrease or impairment of the microbial binding onto host cells. This report aims at presenting the current background concerning the therapeutic effects of the above-mentioned sulfated glycans as new antimicrobial agents. When sufficient data are available, discussion regarding structure-activity relationship is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- R. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, HUCFF-4A01, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
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Pomin VH. ¹H and (15)N NMR Analyses on Heparin, Heparan Sulfates and Related Monosaccharides Concerning the Chemical Exchange Regime of the N-Sulfo-Glucosamine Sulfamate Proton. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9030058. [PMID: 27618066 PMCID: PMC5039511 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate are structurally related glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Both GAGs present, although in different concentrations, N-sulfo-glucosamine (GlcNS) as one of their various composing units. The conditional fast exchange property of the GlcNS sulfamate proton in these GAGs has been pointed as the main barrier to its signal detection via NMR experiments, especially 1H-15N HSQC. Here, a series of NMR spectra is collected on heparin, heparan sulfate and related monosaccharides. The N-acetyl glucosamine-linked uronic acid types of these GAGs were properly assigned in the 1H-15N HSQC spectra. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was employed in order to facilitate 1D spectral acquisition of the sulfamate 15N signal of free GlcNS. Analyses on the multiplet pattern of scalar couplings of GlcNS 15N has helped to understand the chemical properties of the sulfamate proton in solution. The singlet peak observed for GlcNS happens due to fast chemical exchange of the GlcNS sulfamate proton in solution. Analyses on kinetics of alpha-beta anomeric mutarotation via 1H NMR spectra have been performed in GlcNS as well as other glucose-based monosaccharides. 1D 1H and 2D 1H-15N HSQC spectra recorded at low temperature for free GlcNS dissolved in a proton-rich solution showed signals from all exchangeable protons, including those belonging to the sulfamate group. This work suits well to the current grand celebration of one-century-anniversary of the discovery of heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A.G. Soares
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Ismael N.L. Queiroz
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
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Queiroz INL, Vilela-Silva ACES, Pomin VH. Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan show similar conformations but different dynamics. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1257-1264. [PMID: 27496761 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. Measurements of spin-relaxation rates have suggested, however, a slight difference dynamical property to these glycans. The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. This distinction solely on the dynamical aspect has been driven therefore by the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael N L Queiroz
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil.,University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Ana-Cristina E S Vilela-Silva
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil .,University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
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Soares PAG, Queiroz INL, Santos GRC, Mourão PAS, Pomin VH. NMR-based conformation and dynamics of a tetrasaccharide-repeating sulfated fucan substituted by different counterions. Biopolymers 2016; 105:840-51. [PMID: 27434759 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The sulfated fucan from the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is composed of the repetitive sequence [-3)-α-l-Fucp-4( OSO3-)-(1-3)-α-l-Fucp-2,4-di( OSO3-)-(1-3)-α-l-Fucp-2( OSO3-)-(1-3)-α-l-Fucp-2( OSO3-)-(1-]n . Conformation (of rings and chains) and dynamics of this tetrasaccharide-repeating sulfated fucan substituted by Na(+) , Ca(2+) , and Li(+) as counterions have been examined through experiments of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Scalar coupling and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE)-based data have confirmed that all composing units occur as (1) C4 chair conformer regardless of the cation type, unit position within the repeating sequence, and sulfation type. Chain conformation determined by NOE signal pattern assisted by molecular modeling for a theoretical octasaccharide has shown a similar linear 3D structure for the three differently substituted forms. Data derived from spin-relaxation measurements have indicated a contribution of counterion type to dynamics. The calcium-based preparation has shown the highest mobility while the sodiated one showed the lowest mobility. The set of results from this work suggests that counterion type can affect the physicochemical properties of the structurally well-defined sulfated fucan. The counterion effect seems to impact more on the structural mobility than on average conformation of the studied sulfated glycan in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A G Soares
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Programa de Glicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Ismael N L Queiroz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Programa de Glicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R C Santos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Programa de Glicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Mourão
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Programa de Glicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Programa de Glicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
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Pomin VH. Phylogeny, structure, function, biosynthesis and evolution of sulfated galactose-containing glycans. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 84:372-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Pomin VH. Marine Non-Glycosaminoglycan Sulfated Glycans as Potential Pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:848-64. [PMID: 26690451 PMCID: PMC4695813 DOI: 10.3390/ph8040848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are currently the marine non-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfated glycans most studied in glycomics. These compounds exhibit therapeutic effects in several pathophysiological systems such as blood coagulation, thrombosis, neovascularization, cancer, inflammation, and microbial infections. As analogs of the largely employed GAGs and due to some limitations of the GAG-based therapies, SFs and SGs comprise new carbohydrate-based therapeutics available for clinical studies. Here, the principal structural features and the major mechanisms of action of the SFs and SGs in the above-mentioned pathophysiological systems are presented. Discussion is also given on the current challenges and the future perspectives in drug development of these marine glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
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Pomin VH. A Dilemma in the Glycosaminoglycan-Based Therapy: Synthetic or Naturally Unique Molecules? Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1195-219. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H. Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-913 Brazil
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Pomin VH. Heparin-Binding Proteins (Chemokines and Defensins) and their complexes with glycosaminoglycans from the solution NMR perspective. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:738-44. [PMID: 25175334 DOI: 10.2174/138920371507140916145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review paper aims at discussing the major recent achievements in the field of the heparin-binding proteins (HBPs), primarily chemokines and defensins, and their complexes with glycosaminoglycans examined by solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As opposed to the HBPs involved in coagulation (mainly antithrombin and thrombin), and growth factors (especially fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2), which were extensively analyzed in the past, inflammatory chemokines turned out to be the most thoroughly studied HBPs nowadays. Defensins, which structurally and functionally resemble the chemokines, are also under intensive current investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- R. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, HUCFF-4A01, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil.
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Pomin VH, Mulloy B. Current structural biology of the heparin interactome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 34:17-25. [PMID: 26038285 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is the best known therapeutically active carbohydrate. It can bind and regulate multiple functional proteins such as coagulation cofactors, chemokines, and growth factors. This versatility has led to the recently developed concept of the heparin interactome--a group of proteins that, as the name implies, interact with heparin. The heparin interactome is structurally and functionally diverse. Though natural ligands of this class of proteins may be any of the glycosaminoglycans however, their structural biology is generally studied using heparin as a model compound. NMR spectroscopy contributes significantly to structural investigations of the resultant complexes in solution. This review aims therefore at discussing the current status in structural biology of the molecular complexes formed between heparin and its protein partners through the current concept of the heparin interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College, Department of Medicine, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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