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Blinov A, Orobets V, Kastarnova E, Gvozdenko A, Golik A, Rekhman Z, Prasolova A, Askerova A, Kuznetsov E, Nagdalian A. Chitosan-ricobendazole complex: Synthesis, characterization and anthelmintic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135572. [PMID: 39270894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis, characterization and assessment of therapeutic efficacy of chitosan-ricobendazole complex were carried out for the first time in this work. Study of physico-chemical properties revealed the optimal ratio of chitosan: ricobendazole (30:4). Quantum chemical modeling set the optimal parameters for the formation of the chitosan-ricobendazole molecular system (E = -3765.26 kcal/mol, η = 0.127 eV), which was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical particles of chitosan-ricobendazole complex ranging in size from 100 to 200 μm. Study of therapeutic efficiency was conducted on sheep with dicroceliosis. Notably, the therapeutic efficiency of the chitosan-ricobendazole complex (4 mg/kg of ricobendazole) reached 89 %, while the therapeutic efficiency of the commercial preparation ricazole (8 mg/kg of ricobendazole) was 92 %. Biochemical blood test indicated equivalent normalization of hematological parameters in sheep after treatment with ricazole and the chitosan-ricobendazole complex. Histological examination of infected sheep liver revealed that treatment with the chitosan-ricobendazole complex leads to a decrease in the number of helminth eggs with subsequent therapeutic effect on the severity of the disease. This proves the enhanced solubility of ricobendazole at a dosage of 4 mg/kg, active interaction of the components and relatively high bioavailability without increasing the release rate of ricobendazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Blinov
- North-Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Alexey Golik
- North-Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Zafar Rekhman
- North-Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | | | - Alina Askerova
- North-Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Egor Kuznetsov
- North-Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol 355017, Russia
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Hammami I, Amdouni Y, Romdhane R, Sassi L, Farhat N, Rekik M, Gharbi M. Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in slaughtered sheep from Northwest Tunisia and its risk factors: Association with gastrointestinal helminths infection and anaemia. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1575. [PMID: 39189869 PMCID: PMC11348504 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated herein the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep at Sejnane slaughterhouse, governorate of Bizerte, Northwest of Tunisia, using three different diagnostic techniques (liver dissection, bile examination, and coprology). Faeces, liver, gall bladder as well as blood samples were collected from 603 slaughtered sheep in two seasons: winter and summer. Faecal egg counts of F. hepatica were estimated using sedimentation technique. Livers were examined for the presence of flukes, and bile collected from gall bladder was examined by sedimentation technique for the presence of F. hepatica eggs. Faecal egg counts of gastrointestinal helminths were estimated using flotation followed by the McMaster technique. Blood samples were used to estimate blood cell count (RBC) (×106/mL), haemoglobin (Hb) (g/dL), and haematocrit (Ht) (%) levels. A total of 1714 F. hepatica flukes were collected from 68 infected livers, the number of flukes per sheep ranged between naught and 195. Bile examination (16.78% ± 1.83; 51/310) showed the higher infection prevalence, followed by liver dissection (11.28% ± 1.17; 68/603) and coprology (9.12% ± 1.08; 55/603) (p = 0.015). Infection prevalences were significantly higher in young sheep aged of less than 1 year (8.13% ± 1.22; 49/498), in cross-bred sheep (10.61% ± 1.39%; 64/478), and in summer (7.13% ± 1.82; 43/293) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in infection prevalence by gastrointestinal helminths in F. hepatica-infected and F. hepatica-non-infected animals (p > 0.05). The overall prevalence of F. hepatica-infected anaemic sheep was higher (22.73% ± 4.47; 20/88) than F. hepatica-non-infected anaemic sheep (p < 0.05). Fasciola hepatica infection is frequent in sheep from Sejnane representing hence an important constraint for the development of the sheep industry in this region. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and implement a specific control programme to reduce fasciolosis infection risks including animal owners' education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hammami
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieUniv ManoubaÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi ThabetSidi ThabetTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarManar II TunisTunisia
| | - Yosra Amdouni
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieUniv ManoubaÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi ThabetSidi ThabetTunisia
| | - Rihab Romdhane
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieUniv ManoubaÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi ThabetSidi ThabetTunisia
| | - Limam Sassi
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieUniv ManoubaÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi ThabetSidi ThabetTunisia
| | - Nadia Farhat
- Circonscription de la production animaleBizerteTunisia
| | - Mourad Rekik
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)ArianaJordan
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de ParasitologieUniv ManoubaÉcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi ThabetSidi ThabetTunisia
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Zafar S, Sarfraz MS, Ali S, Saeed L, Mahmood MS, Khan AU, Anwar MN. Recapitulation of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Prevalence in Small Ruminant Populations of Pakistan from 2004 to 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vet Sci 2024; 11:280. [PMID: 38922027 PMCID: PMC11209094 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an extremely transmissible viral disease caused by the PPR virus that impacts domestic small ruminants, namely sheep and goats. This study aimed to employ a methodical approach to evaluate the regional occurrence of PPR in small ruminants in Pakistan and the contributing factors that influence its prevalence. A thorough search was performed in various databases to identify published research articles between January 2004 and August 2023 on PPR in small ruminants in Pakistan. Articles were chosen based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 25 articles were selected from 1275 studies gathered from different databases. The overall pooled prevalence in Pakistan was calculated to be 51% (95% CI: 42-60), with heterogeneity I2 = 100%, τ2 = 0.0495, and p = 0. The data were summarized based on the division into five regions: Punjab, Baluchistan, KPK, Sindh, and GB and AJK. Among these, the pooled prevalence of PPR in Sindh was 61% (95% CI: 46-75), I2 = 100%, τ2 = 0.0485, and p = 0, while in KPK, it was 44% (95% CI: 26-63), I2 = 99%, τ2 = 0.0506, and p < 0.01. However, the prevalence of PPR in Baluchistan and Punjab was almost the same. Raising awareness, proper surveillance, and application of appropriate quarantine measures interprovincially and across borders must be maintained to contain the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Zafar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan; (S.Z.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Muhammad Shehroz Sarfraz
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan; (S.Z.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Sultan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan; (S.Z.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Laiba Saeed
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahid Mahmood
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan; (S.Z.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Aman Ullah Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Anwar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan; (S.Z.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.); (M.S.M.)
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Macri M, Luigi-Sierra MG, Guan D, Delgado JV, Alvarez JF, Amills M, Martínez AM. Univariate and multivariate genome-wide association studies for hematological traits in Murciano-Granadina goats. Anim Genet 2023. [PMID: 37127297 DOI: 10.1111/age.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematological traits are important indicators of health status, and they are frequently used as criteria for clinical diagnosis. In humans, the genomic architecture of blood traits has been investigated in depth and thousands of associations with genetic variants have been found. In contrast, the association between marker genotypes and the variation of hematological traits has not been investigated in goats yet. Herewith, we have recorded 12 hematological parameters in 882 Murciano-Granadina goats that were also genotyped with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip (Illumina). Performance of a univariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) made it possible to detect one genomic region on goat chromosome (CHI) 21 (19.2-19.5 Mb) associated, at the genome-wide level of significance, with 4 red blood cell traits. The three markers displaying the highest significances were rs268272996 (CHI21: 19225290 bp), rs268273004 (CHI21: 19565629 bp) and rs268239059 (CHI13: 9615190 bp). Consistently, a multivariate GWAS indicated that the rs268273004 marker on chromosome 21 is associated with seven blood cell traits. Interestingly, this marker maps close to the FA Complementation Group I (FANCI) gene (CHI21: 20021947-20077025 bp), which is functionally related to Fanconi anemia, a syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure, aplastic anemia, and congenital disorders. We have also uncovered additional chromosome-wide significant associations between genetic markers and erythrocyte and leukocyte traits in the univariate GWAS. These findings evidence that the phenotypic variation of hematological traits in goats is regulated, at least to some extent, by polygenic determinants distributed in multiple chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Macri
- Animal Breeding Consulting S.L. Parque Científico Tecnológico de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Gracia Luigi-Sierra
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Dailu Guan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández Alvarez
- Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caprino de Raza Murciano-Granadina (CAPRIGRAN), Granada, Spain
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Amparo Martínez Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
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Age-Related Changes in Acute Phase Reaction, Cortisol, and Haematological Parameters in Ewes in the Periparturient Period. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123459. [PMID: 34944236 PMCID: PMC8697918 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The acute phase response (APR), which comprises a series of specific physiological reactions, is a systemic reaction of the organism to disturbances in its homeostasis caused by infection, inflammation, tissue damage, and stress. Even in healthy ewes, during pregnancy and the transition period, corticosteroids are released which cause the physiological acute phase response. Both in humans and animals, the immune system, like many other physiological systems, is dysregulated with age and a process known as immunoaging occurs. Knowledge of APPs, cortisol, and haematological parameters and factors that influence their alteration could be useful for establishing herd health in ewes during the periparturient period. Understanding how these factors interact with the immune system will help in developing disease control and management strategies that will aid in maintaining good health in ewes and lambs, resulting in greater reproduction. Abstract A well-functioning immune system is the basis for protection against infectious and metabolic diseases, and a smooth return to homeostasis. The periparturient period is considered critical because major changes in the endocrine, behavioural, digestive, and immune systems dysregulate immune function, leading to immunosuppression. With age, the immune system could become dysregulated. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare changes in plasma concentrations of acute phase proteins, cortisol, and haematological parameters in the peripheral blood of two age-related groups of healthy ewes to get a better understanding of changes around lambing. Two groups of ewes were enrolled in the study: 3-year-old (young; n = 9) and 7-year-old ewes (old; n = 9). All females were synchronised and inseminated. In blood plasma, serum amyloid A (SAA) and cortisol concentrations were measured using ELISA tests, a spectrophotometric method to determine haptoglobin (Hp), and a thrombin clottable estimation to determine the fibrinogen (Fb) concentration. The blood parameters were examined using an automated haematological analyser. In clinically healthy ewes, no significant effect of age was observed in SAA, Hp, Fb and cortisol concentration in most of analysed terms. SAA, Hp, Fb, and cortisol fluctuations typical for the periparturient period were observed. There were no age-associated differences in red or white blood cell parameters.
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Brotto Rebuli K, Giacobini M, Bertolotti L. Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus Disease Modelling Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051457. [PMID: 34069518 PMCID: PMC8161241 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mathematical modelling is used in disease studies to assess their economical impacts, as well as to better understand the epidemiological dynamics of the biological and environmental factors associated with disease spreading. For an incurable disease such as Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis, this knowledge is extremely valuable. However, the application of modelling techniques to study this disease has not been significantly explored in the literature. The purpose of the present work was to review the published studies, highlighting their scope, strengths and limitations, as well to provide ideas for future modelling approaches for this disease. The reviewed studies were divided into two major themes. The first is epidemiological modelling, which use mathematical models which equations describe the disease dynamics over time. Inside this group, the articles differ in considering or not considering the sexual transmission component. The second major theme is statistical modelling, which correlates the disease with biological and environmental factors to quantify its risks and impacts. Inside this group, the articles include models for dairy production, for risk factors of the disease and for Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis being a risk factor for other diseases. Finally, the present work concludes with further suggestions for modelling studies on Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis. Abstract Mathematical modelling is used in disease studies to assess the economical impacts of diseases, as well as to better understand the epidemiological dynamics of the biological and environmental factors that are associated with disease spreading. For an incurable disease such as Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), this knowledge is extremely valuable. However, the application of modelling techniques to CAE disease studies has not been significantly explored in the literature. The purpose of the present work was to review the published studies, highlighting their scope, strengths and limitations, as well to provide ideas for future modelling approaches for studying CAE disease. The reviewed studies were divided into the following two major themes: Mathematical epidemiological modelling and statistical modelling. Regarding the epidemiological modelling studies, two groups of models have been addressed in the literature: With and without the sexual transmission component. Regarding the statistical modelling studies, the reviewed articles varied on modelling assumptions and goals. These studies modelled the dairy production, the CAE risk factors and the hypothesis of CAE being a risk factor for other diseases. Finally, the present work concludes with further suggestions for modelling studies on CAE.
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