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Abdulridha JS, Mashkani B, Alaei A, Boskabadi M, Varasteh A, Keyfi F. Determination of Normal Range of Acylcarnitine in Neonatal Dried Blood Spots using LC-MS/MS. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 12:522-529. [PMID: 39086584 PMCID: PMC11288244 DOI: 10.61186/rbmb.12.4.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Acylcarnitine is one of the crucial markers of fatty acid metabolism, and examination of their level in infants can reveal several Inherited Metabolic Disorders (IDM) or Inborn errors of Metabolism (IEM). Because of the great importance of hereditary, metabolic, and other inherited disorders early diagnosis before the appearance of clinical symptoms, this study was carried out to establish a reference range for carnitine analytes and to identify acylcarnitine profiles in normal weight neonatal dried blood spots (DBS) specimens. Methods By using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for neonatal screening and eventually the examination and analysis of LC-MS/MS results, 34 acylcarnitine derivatives were identified. Results The normal range for acylcarnitine analytes with carbon numbers ranging from zero to 18, both main and the branched ones, were ultimately measured. Afterward, they were compared with the results of some other diagnostic laboratories to be verified. Conclusions This study differed from the other findings, which could be due to diversity in population and work methods. However, the reference range of most acylcarnitine derivatives in Tehran closely aligned with this study's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amin Alaei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Division of Metabolic Disorder, Pardis Clinical and Genetic Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran.
- Research Committee, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Boskabadi
- School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Varasteh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Division of Metabolic Disorder, Pardis Clinical and Genetic Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Keyfi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Division of Metabolic Disorder, Pardis Clinical and Genetic Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Murakami Y, Fujita Y, Fushiki H. Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of an 18F-labeled Oleate Analog to Image Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation in the Absence of Metabolic Defluorination. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 25:495-502. [PMID: 36220956 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a key parameter for evaluating cardiovascular, oncologic, neurologic, and other metabolic diseases. Several single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have been developed to measure FAO. Among these, 18-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate ([18F]FTO), first developed by DeGrado et al., is well characterized. Here, we synthesized several analogs of [18F]FTO to improve the metabolic stability of the C-18F bond, and preliminarily evaluated their performance in monkey PET studies. PROCEDURES Several secondary 18F-fluorinated analogs, 17-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate (17-[18F]FTO), 15-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate (15-[18F]FTO), 12-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate (12-[18F]FTO), 7-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate, (7-[18F]FTO, [18F]AS3504073-00), and 6-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-oleate (6-[18F]FTO), were synthesized from tosylate or bromide precursors using similar procedures. Nucleophilic 18F fluorination on each precursor was performed using [18F]tetrabutylammonium fluoride/tetrabutylammonium hydrocarbonate, followed by hydrolysis of methylester. All synthesized 18F-labeled compounds were administered to cynomolgus monkeys, and PET measurements were performed. From the monkey PET studies, 7-[18F]FTO was selected as the best tracer and used to perform preliminary evaluations in mice. RESULTS All five compounds had sufficient quality and stability for animal experiments. In monkey PET studies, 12-, 7-, and 6-[18F]FTO showed greater accumulation in the heart than [18F]FTO, but not 17- and 15-[18F]FTO. Only 7-[18F]FTO did not show significant accumulation in the bone. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) for 12-[18F]FTO, 7-[18F]FTO, and 6-[18F]FTO were 9.77, 9.26, and 7.25 in the heart, and 3.17, n.d., and 1.96 in the bone 1 h after administration, respectively. In mouse distribution studies, SUVs 1 h after administration of 7-[18F]FTO and [18F]FTO were 10.4 and 10.0 in the heart, and 0.37 and 3.48 in the femur, respectively. Administration of etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, reduced SUVs of 7-[18F]FTO and [18F]FTO in the heart by 91% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel PET tracer 7-[18F]FTO/[18F]AS3504073-00 for FAO imaging. 7-[18F]FTO had an excellent PET tracer profile, suggesting it may be a useful tracer for FAO imaging. Further evaluations of the tracer are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Astellas Pharma, Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fushiki
- Astellas Pharma, Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
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3
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Nutritional, Gastrointestinal and Endo-Metabolic Challenges in the Management of Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072400. [PMID: 34371910 PMCID: PMC8308588 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) is constantly evolving. In just a few decades, the medical approach has switched from an exclusively palliative therapy to a targeted therapy, transforming the natural history of the disease, improving survival time and quality of life and creating new challenges and goals. Many nutritional problems, gastrointestinal disorders and metabolic and endocrine alterations are commonly identified in patients affected by SMA1 during childhood and adolescence. For this reason, a proper pediatric multidisciplinary approach is then required in the clinical care of these patients, with a specific focus on the prevention of most common complications. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide the clinician with a practical and usable tool about SMA1 patients care, through a comprehensive insight into the nutritional, gastroenterological, metabolic and endocrine management of SMA1. Considering the possible horizons opened thanks to new therapeutic frontiers, a nutritional and endo-metabolic surveillance is a crucial element to be considered for a proper clinical care of these patients.
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4
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Zhang N, Tang C, Ma Q, Wang W, Shi M, Zhou X, Chen F, Ma C, Li X, Chen G, Gao D. Comprehensive serum metabolic and proteomic characterization on cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:559. [PMID: 33987257 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Given the increased incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the lack of accurate early diagnosis of PD with cognitive impairment (PD-CI), we compared the serum metabolomes and proteomes of 26 patients with PD without cognitive impairment (PD-N) and 31 patients with PD-CI by combining grade-dependent proteomics and metabolomics analyses. Methods Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed for differential metabolic indicators, cognition, and clinical diagnosis. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to identify metabolites linked to different pathways. Bioinformatics revealed 16 differentially expressed proteins and 32 metabolites. Results The positive metabolic indicators related to the differential proteins were one sphingolipid, five phosphatidylcholines, and five long-chain fatty acids. The obtained metabolic and proteomics IPA network highlighted the central term of this network was inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism which are prominent in PD-CI. There was a strong negative correlation between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)score and LPC (18:1). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of LPC (18:1) for PD-N and PD-CI showed that the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.660 (P=0.039). Conclusions In conclusion, serum LPC (18:1) is inversely linked to cognition in PD and presented its potential clinical value in distinguishing the presence or absence of cognitive impairment in PD. The deeper implication of our discovery indicates abnormal lipid metabolism is associated with changes of cognitive status and suggests the potential for possibility of immune system- inflammatory involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,School of Food (Biology) Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shuyang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang, China
| | - Chengcheng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Huang JW, Kuo CH, Kuo HC, Shih JY, Tsai TW, Chang LC. Cell metabolomics analyses revealed a role of altered fatty acid oxidation in neurotoxicity pattern difference between nab-paclitaxel and solvent-based paclitaxel. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248942. [PMID: 33740022 PMCID: PMC7978375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a dose-limiting, painful adverse reaction associated with the use of paclitaxel. This common side effect was often partially attributed to the solvent used for solubilization of the highly hydrophobic drug substance. Therefore, the development of alternative formulations thrived, which included that of Abraxane® containing nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel). However, studies demonstrated inconsistent conclusions regarding the mitigation of PN in comparison with the traditional formulation. The mass spectrometry-based cell metabolomics approach was used in the present study to explore the potentially associated mechanisms. Although no significant difference in the effects on cell viability was observed, fold changes in carnitine, several acylcarnitines and long-chain fatty acid(s) were significantly different between treatment groups in differentiated and undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells. The most prominent difference observed was the significant increase of octanoylcarnitine in cells treated with solvent-based paclitaxel, which was found to be associated with significant decrease of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD). The findings suggested the potential role of altered fatty acid oxidation in the different neurotoxicity patterns observed, which may be a possible target for therapeutic interventions worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Wei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Zhongzheng Dist., Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Zhongzheng Dist., Taiwan
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Zhongzheng Dist., Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Kuo
- The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Zhongzheng Dist., Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Zhongzheng Dist., Taiwan
| | - Teng-Wen Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Zhongzheng Dist., Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chau Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Zhongzheng Dist., Taiwan
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Watson KS, Boukhloufi I, Bowerman M, Parson SH. The Relationship between Body Composition, Fatty Acid Metabolism and Diet in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020131. [PMID: 33498293 PMCID: PMC7909254 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive condition that results in pathological deficiency of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMA most frequently presents itself within the first few months of life and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness. As a neuromuscular condition, it prominently affects spinal cord motor neurons and the skeletal muscle they innervate. However, over the past few decades, the SMA phenotype has expanded to include pathologies outside of the neuromuscular system. The current therapeutic SMA landscape is at a turning point, whereby a holistic multi-systemic approach to the understanding of disease pathophysiology is at the forefront of fundamental research and translational endeavours. In particular, there has recently been a renewed interest in body composition and metabolism in SMA patients, specifically that of fatty acids. Indeed, there is increasing evidence of aberrant fat distribution and fatty acid metabolism dysfunction in SMA patients and animal models. This review will explore fatty acid metabolic defects in SMA and discuss how dietary interventions could potentially be used to modulate and reduce the adverse health impacts of these perturbations in SMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Watson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Imane Boukhloufi
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Simon H. Parson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (S.H.P.)
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L-Carnitine in Drosophila: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121310. [PMID: 33371457 PMCID: PMC7767417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative that plays a key role in the metabolism of fatty acids, including the shuttling of long-chain fatty acyl CoA to fuel mitochondrial β-oxidation. In addition, L-carnitine reduces oxidative damage and plays an essential role in the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis. L-carnitine also plays an essential role in the control of cerebral functions, and the aberrant regulation of genes involved in carnitine biosynthesis and mitochondrial carnitine transport in Drosophila models has been linked to neurodegeneration. Drosophila models of neurodegenerative diseases provide a powerful platform to both unravel the molecular pathways that contribute to neurodegeneration and identify potential therapeutic targets. Drosophila can biosynthesize L-carnitine, and its carnitine transport system is similar to the human transport system; moreover, evidence from a defective Drosophila mutant for one of the carnitine shuttle genes supports the hypothesis of the occurrence of β-oxidation in glial cells. Hence, Drosophila models could advance the understanding of the links between L-carnitine and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge on L-carnitine in Drosophila and discusses the role of the L-carnitine pathway in fly models of neurodegeneration.
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Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAOD) are a group of rare, autosomal recessive, metabolic disorders caused by variants of the genes for the enzymes and proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of fatty acids in the mitochondria. Those affected by FAOD are unable to convert fatty acids into tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates such as acetyl-coenzyme A, resulting in decreased adenosine triphosphate and glucose for use as energy in a variety of high-energy-requiring organ systems. Signs and symptoms may manifest in infants but often also appear in adolescents or adults during times of increased metabolic demand, such as fasting, physiologic stress, and prolonged exercise. Patients with FAOD present with a highly heterogeneous clinical spectrum. The most common clinical presentations include hypoketotic hypoglycemia, liver dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and skeletal myopathy, as well as peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy in some subtypes. Despite efforts to detect FAOD through newborn screening and manage patients early, symptom onset can be sudden and serious, even resulting in death. Therefore, it is critical to identify quickly and accurately the key signs and symptoms of patients with FAOD to manage metabolic decompensations and prevent serious comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin MacLeod
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Bryan Hainline
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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9
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Amaral AU, Wajner M. Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects: Secondary Alterations of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis Caused by the Accumulating Fatty Acids. Front Genet 2020; 11:598976. [PMID: 33329744 PMCID: PMC7729159 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.598976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial trifunctional protein, isolated long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities are considered the most frequent fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD). They are biochemically characterized by the accumulation of medium-chain, long-chain hydroxyl, and long-chain fatty acids and derivatives, respectively, in tissues and biological fluids of the affected patients. Clinical manifestations commonly include hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Although the pathogenesis of these diseases is still poorly understood, energy deprivation secondary to blockage of fatty acid degradation seems to play an important role. However, recent evidence indicates that the predominant fatty acids accumulating in these disorders disrupt mitochondrial functions and are involved in their pathophysiology, possibly explaining the lactic acidosis, mitochondrial morphological alterations, and altered mitochondrial biochemical parameters found in tissues and cultured fibroblasts from some affected patients and also in animal models of these diseases. In this review, we will update the present knowledge on disturbances of mitochondrial bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial permeability transition induction provoked by the major fatty acids accumulating in prevalent FAOD. It is emphasized that further in vivo studies carried out in tissues from affected patients and from animal genetic models of these disorders are necessary to confirm the present evidence mostly achieved from in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Juraszek B, Nałęcz KA. SLC22A5 (OCTN2) Carnitine Transporter-Indispensable for Cell Metabolism, a Jekyll and Hyde of Human Cancer. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010014. [PMID: 31861504 PMCID: PMC6982704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of fatty acids uses l-carnitine to transport acyl moieties to mitochondria in a so-called carnitine shuttle. The process of β-oxidation also takes place in cancer cells. The majority of carnitine comes from the diet and is transported to the cell by ubiquitously expressed organic cation transporter novel family member 2 (OCTN2)/solute carrier family 22 member 5 (SLC22A5). The expression of SLC22A5 is regulated by transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and estrogen receptor. Transporter delivery to the cell surface, as well as transport activity are controlled by OCTN2 interaction with other proteins, such as PDZ-domain containing proteins, protein phosphatase PP2A, caveolin-1, protein kinase C. SLC22A5 expression is altered in many types of cancer, giving an advantage to some of them by supplying carnitine for β-oxidation, thus providing an alternative to glucose source of energy for growth and proliferation. On the other hand, SLC22A5 can also transport several chemotherapeutics used in clinics, leading to cancer cell death.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by inherited defects of enzymatic pathways involved in muscle fiber energetics. Diagnosing metabolic myopathies requires a thoroughly taken individual and family history, a meticulous neurologic exam, exercise tests, blood and urine tests, needle-electromyography, nerve-conduction studies, muscle biopsy, targeted genetic tests, or next-generation sequencing. There is limited evidence from the literature to guide treatment of metabolic myopathies. Treatment is largely limited to non-invasive/invasive symptomatic measures. However, promising results have been achieved with enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease (GSD-II). Primary coenzyme-Q deficiency responds favorably to coenzyme-Q supplementation. MNGIE responds to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, orthotopic liver transplantation, and carrier erythrocyte entrapped thymidine phosphorylase enzyme therapy. MADD may respond to riboflavin. Areas covered: This review aims to summarize and discuss recent findings and new insights concerning diagnosis and treatment of metabolic myopathies. Expert commentary: Except for GSD-II, coenzyme-Q deficiency, and MNGIE, treatment of metabolic myopathies is usually palliative and supportive (non-invasive or invasive). Non-invasive symptomatic treatment includes physiotherapy, diet, administration of drugs, conservative orthopedic measures, and respiratory non-invasive support. Important is the avoidance of triggers for episodic forms of fatty acid oxidation disorders. Invasive measures include orthopedic surgery and invasive mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- a Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute , Veterinary University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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12
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Pennisi EM, Garibaldi M, Antonini G. Lipid Myopathies. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E472. [PMID: 30477112 PMCID: PMC6306737 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of lipid metabolism affect several tissues, including skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues. Lipid myopathies (LM) are rare multi-systemic diseases, which most often are due to genetic defects. Clinically, LM can have acute or chronic clinical presentation. Disease onset can occur in all ages, from early stages of life to late-adult onset, showing with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms. Muscular involvement can be fluctuant or stable and can manifest as fatigue, exercise intolerance and muscular weakness. Muscular atrophy is rarely present. Acute muscular exacerbations, resulting in rhabdomyolysis crisis are triggered by several factors. Several classifications of lipid myopathies have been proposed, based on clinical involvement, biochemical defect or histopathological findings. Herein, we propose a full revision of all the main clinical entities of lipid metabolism disorders with a muscle involvement, also including some those disorders of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) with muscular symptoms not included among previous lipid myopathies classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maria Pennisi
- Unit of Neuromuscular Disorders, Neurology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Garibaldi
- Unit of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Unit of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Sant' Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy.
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Burté F, Houghton D, Lowes H, Pyle A, Nesbitt S, Yarnall A, Yu-Wai-Man P, Burn DJ, Santibanez-Koref M, Hudson G. metabolic profiling of Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Mov Disord 2017; 32:927-932. [PMID: 28394042 PMCID: PMC5485028 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment is important to enable prompt treatment and improve patient welfare, yet no standard diagnostic test is available. Metabolomics is a powerful tool used to elucidate disease mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to use metabolic profiling to understand the pathoetiology of Parkinson's disease and to identify potential disease biomarkers. METHODS This study compared the serological metabolomic profiles of early-stage Parkinson's patients (diagnosed < 12 months) to asymptomatic matched controls using an established array based detection system (DiscoveryHD4™, Metabolon, UK), correlating metabolite levels to clinical measurements of cognitive impairment. RESULTS A total of 1434 serological metabolites were assessed in early-stage Parkinson's disease cases (n = 41) and asymptomatic matched controls (n = 40). Post-quality control, statistical analysis identified n = 20 metabolites, predominantly metabolites of the fatty acid oxidation pathway, associated with Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Receiver operator curve assessment confirmed that the nine fatty acid oxidation metabolites had good predictive accuracy (area under curve = 0.857) for early-stage Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment (area under curve = 0.759). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that fatty acid oxidation may be an important component in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and may have potential as a diagnostic biomarker for disease onset and mild cognitive impairment. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Burté
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Houghton
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Bioscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hannah Lowes
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Angela Pyle
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Nesbitt
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alison Yarnall
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David J Burn
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Gavin Hudson
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Semba RD, Trehan I, Li X, Moaddel R, Ordiz MI, Maleta KM, Kraemer K, Shardell M, Ferrucci L, Manary M. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is Associated with Carnitine Deficiency and Altered Fatty Acid Oxidation. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:57-66. [PMID: 28122695 PMCID: PMC5360565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a condition characterized by small intestine inflammation and abnormal gut permeability, is widespread in children in developing countries and a major cause of growth failure. The pathophysiology of EED remains poorly understood. METHODS We measured serum metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 400 children, aged 12-59months, from rural Malawi. Gut permeability was assessed by the dual-sugar absorption test. FINDINGS 80.7% of children had EED. Of 677 serum metabolites measured, 21 were negatively associated and 56 were positively associated with gut permeability, using a false discovery rate approach (q<0.05, p<0.0095). Increased gut permeability was associated with elevated acylcarnitines, deoxycarnitine, fatty acid β-oxidation intermediates, fatty acid ω-oxidation products, odd-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, cystathionine, and homocitrulline, and with lower citrulline, ornithine, polyphenol metabolites, hippurate, tryptophan, and indolelactate. INTERPRETATION EED is a syndrome characterized by secondary carnitine deficiency, abnormal fatty acid oxidation, alterations in polyphenol and amino acid metabolites, and metabolic dysregulation of sulfur amino acids, tryptophan, and the urea cycle. Future studies are needed to corroborate the presence of secondary carnitine deficiency among children with EED and to understand how these metabolic derangements may negatively affect the growth and development of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Indi Trehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ximin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Isabel Ordiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Shardell
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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15
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Li X, Zhang P. Genetic determinants of myocardial dysfunction. J Med Genet 2016; 54:1-10. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Roe CR, Brunengraber H. Anaplerotic treatment of long-chain fat oxidation disorders with triheptanoin: Review of 15 years Experience. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 116:260-8. [PMID: 26547562 PMCID: PMC4712637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of long-chain mitochondrial β-oxidation disorders (LC-FOD) with a low fat-high carbohydrate diet, a diet rich in medium-even-chain triglycerides (MCT), or a combination of both has been associated with high morbidity and mortality for decades. The pathological tableau appears to be caused by energy deficiency resulting from reduced availability of citric acid cycle (CAC) intermediates required for optimal oxidation of acetyl-CoA. This hypothesis was investigated by diet therapy with carnitine and anaplerotic triheptanoin (TH). METHODS Fifty-two documented LC-FOD patients were studied in this investigation (age range: birth to 51 years). Safety monitoring included serial quantitative measurements of routine blood chemistries, blood levels of carnitine and acylcarnitines, and urinary organic acids. RESULTS The average frequency of serious clinical complications were reduced from ~60% with conventional diet therapy to 10% with TH and carnitine treatment and mortality decreased from ~65% with conventional diet therapy to 3.8%. Carnitine supplementation was uncomplicated. CONCLUSION The energy deficiency in LC-FOD patients was corrected safely and more effectively with the triheptanoin diet and carnitine supplement than with conventional diet therapy. Safe intervention in neonates and infants will permit earlier intervention following pre-natal diagnosis or diagnosis by expanded newborn screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Roe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Investigations were performed at the Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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17
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies. Biosci Rep 2015; 36:e00281. [PMID: 26589966 PMCID: PMC4718505 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by FAOD commonly present with hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and encephalopathy. Human and animal evidences indicate that mitochondrial functions are disrupted by fatty acids and derivatives accumulating in these disorders, suggesting that lipotoxicity may contribute to their pathogenesis. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays a pivotal role in maintaining body energy homoeostasis mainly during catabolic states. Oxidation of fatty acids requires approximately 25 proteins. Inherited defects of FAO have been identified in the majority of these proteins and constitute an important group of inborn errors of metabolism. Affected patients usually present with severe hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy, whereas some patients may suffer acute and/or progressive encephalopathy whose pathogenesis is poorly known. In recent years growing evidence has emerged indicating that energy deficiency/disruption of mitochondrial homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of some fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD), although the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet established. Characteristic fatty acids and carnitine derivatives are found at high concentrations in these patients and more markedly during episodes of metabolic decompensation that are associated with worsening of clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is conceivable that these compounds may be toxic. We will briefly summarize the current knowledge obtained from patients and genetic mouse models with these disorders indicating that disruption of mitochondrial energy, redox and calcium homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of the tissue damage in the more common FAOD, including medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiencies. We will also provide evidence that the fatty acids and derivatives that accumulate in these diseases disrupt mitochondrial homoeostasis. The elucidation of the toxic mechanisms of these compounds may offer new perspectives for potential novel adjuvant therapeutic strategies in selected disorders of this group.
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18
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Hannah-Shmouni F, Seidelmann SB, Sirrs S, Mani A, Jacoby D. The Genetic Challenges and Opportunities in Advanced Heart Failure. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1338-50. [PMID: 26518444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of heart failure are diverse. Inherited causes represent an important clinical entity and can be divided into 2 major categories: familial and metabolic cardiomyopathies. The distinct features that might be present in early disease states can become broadly overlapping with other diseases, such as in the case of inherited cardiomyopathies (ie, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or mitochondrial diseases). In this review article, we focus on genetic issues related to advanced heart failure. Because of the emerging importance of this topic and its breadth, we sought to focus our discussion on the known genetic forms of heart failure syndromes, genetic testing, and newer data on pharmacogenetics and therapeutics in the treatment of heart failure, to primarily encourage clinicians to place a priority on the diagnosis and treatment of these potentially treatable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Hannah-Shmouni
- Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sara B Seidelmann
- Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sandra Sirrs
- Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arya Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel Jacoby
- Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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19
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Haack TB, Jackson CB, Murayama K, Kremer LS, Schaller A, Kotzaeridou U, de Vries MC, Schottmann G, Santra S, Büchner B, Wieland T, Graf E, Freisinger P, Eggimann S, Ohtake A, Okazaki Y, Kohda M, Kishita Y, Tokuzawa Y, Sauer S, Memari Y, Kolb-Kokocinski A, Durbin R, Hasselmann O, Cremer K, Albrecht B, Wieczorek D, Engels H, Hahn D, Zink AM, Alston CL, Taylor RW, Rodenburg RJ, Trollmann R, Sperl W, Strom TM, Hoffmann GF, Mayr JA, Meitinger T, Bolognini R, Schuelke M, Nuoffer JM, Kölker S, Prokisch H, Klopstock T. Deficiency of ECHS1 causes mitochondrial encephalopathy with cardiac involvement. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:492-509. [PMID: 26000322 PMCID: PMC4435704 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) is a multifunctional mitochondrial matrix enzyme that is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and essential amino acids such as valine. Here, we describe the broad phenotypic spectrum and pathobiochemistry of individuals with autosomal-recessive ECHS1 deficiency. METHODS Using exome sequencing, we identified ten unrelated individuals carrying compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations in ECHS1. Functional investigations in patient-derived fibroblast cell lines included immunoblotting, enzyme activity measurement, and a palmitate loading assay. RESULTS Patients showed a heterogeneous phenotype with disease onset in the first year of life and course ranging from neonatal death to survival into adulthood. The most prominent clinical features were encephalopathy (10/10), deafness (9/9), epilepsy (6/9), optic atrophy (6/10), and cardiomyopathy (4/10). Serum lactate was elevated and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed white matter changes or a Leigh-like pattern resembling disorders of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Analysis of patients' fibroblast cell lines (6/10) provided further evidence for the pathogenicity of the respective mutations by showing reduced ECHS1 protein levels and reduced 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity. While serum acylcarnitine profiles were largely normal, in vitro palmitate loading of patient fibroblasts revealed increased butyrylcarnitine, unmasking the functional defect in mitochondrial β-oxidation of short-chain fatty acids. Urinary excretion of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyrate - a potential derivative of acryloyl-CoA in the valine catabolic pathway - was significantly increased, indicating impaired valine oxidation. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, we define the phenotypic spectrum of a new syndrome caused by ECHS1 deficiency. We speculate that both the β-oxidation defect and the block in l-valine metabolism, with accumulation of toxic methacrylyl-CoA and acryloyl-CoA, contribute to the disorder that may be amenable to metabolic treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christopher B Jackson
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and University Children's Hospital, University of Bern3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's HospitalChiba, 266-0007, Japan
| | - Laura S Kremer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - André Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bern3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urania Kotzaeridou
- Divisions of Inherited Metabolic Disease and Neuropediatrics, Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital HeidelbergD-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maaike C de Vries
- Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Center6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Schottmann
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saikat Santra
- Department of Pediatrics, Birmingham Children's HospitalBirmingham, B4 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Boriana Büchner
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Freisinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Reutlingen72764, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Eggimann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and University Children's Hospital, University of Bern3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical UniversitySaitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Division of Translational Research, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical UniversitySaitama, 350-1241, Japan
- Division of Functional Genomics & Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical UniversitySaitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kohda
- Division of Translational Research, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical UniversitySaitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Division of Functional Genomics & Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical UniversitySaitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tokuzawa
- Division of Functional Genomics & Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical UniversitySaitama, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Otto-Warburg Laboratory14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasin Memari
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Oswald Hasselmann
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland St.Gallen9006, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Cremer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beate Albrecht
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Engels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hahn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and University Children's Hospital, University of Bern3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander M Zink
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Center6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Trollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Divisions of Inherited Metabolic Disease and Neuropediatrics, Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital HeidelbergD-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)80336, Munich, Germany
- DZNE – German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramona Bolognini
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bern3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and University Children's Hospital, University of Bern3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Divisions of Inherited Metabolic Disease and Neuropediatrics, Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital HeidelbergD-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University80336, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)80336, Munich, Germany
- DZNE – German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases80336, Munich, Germany
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20
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Tein I. Impact of fatty acid oxidation disorders in child neurology: from Reye syndrome to Pandora's box. Dev Med Child Neurol 2015; 57:304-6. [PMID: 25761966 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Tein
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Stäubert C, Bhuiyan H, Lindahl A, Broom OJ, Zhu Y, Islam S, Linnarsson S, Lehtiö J, Nordström A. Rewired metabolism in drug-resistant leukemia cells: a metabolic switch hallmarked by reduced dependence on exogenous glutamine. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8348-59. [PMID: 25697355 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.618769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells that escape induction therapy are a major cause of relapse. Understanding metabolic alterations associated with drug resistance opens up unexplored opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we applied a broad spectrum of technologies including RNA sequencing, global untargeted metabolomics, and stable isotope labeling mass spectrometry to identify metabolic changes in P-glycoprotein overexpressing T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, which escaped a therapeutically relevant daunorubicin treatment. We show that compared with sensitive ALL cells, resistant leukemia cells possess a fundamentally rewired central metabolism characterized by reduced dependence on glutamine despite a lack of expression of glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL), a higher demand for glucose and an altered rate of fatty acid β-oxidation, accompanied by a decreased pantothenic acid uptake capacity. We experimentally validate our findings by selectively targeting components of this metabolic switch, using approved drugs and starvation approaches followed by cell viability analyses in both the ALL cells and in an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) sensitive/resistant cell line pair. We demonstrate how comparative metabolomics and RNA expression profiling of drug-sensitive and -resistant cells expose targetable metabolic changes and potential resistance markers. Our results show that drug resistance is associated with significant metabolic costs in cancer cells, which could be exploited using new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stäubert
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden, the Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden, the Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hasanuzzaman Bhuiyan
- Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Anna Lindahl
- Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Oliver Jay Broom
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yafeng Zhu
- Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Saiful Islam
- the Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and
| | | | - Janne Lehtiö
- Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Anders Nordström
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden, the Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden, Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden, and
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22
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Czeredys M, Samluk Ł, Michalec K, Tułodziecka K, Skowronek K, Nałęcz KA. Caveolin-1--a novel interacting partner of organic cation/carnitine transporter (Octn2): effect of protein kinase C on this interaction in rat astrocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82105. [PMID: 24349196 PMCID: PMC3862573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OCTN2 - the Organic Cation Transporter Novel family member 2 (SLC22A5) is known to be a xenobiotic/drug transporter. It transports as well carnitine - a compound necessary for oxidation of fatty acids and mutations of its gene cause primary carnitine deficiency. Octn2 regulation by protein kinase C (PKC) was studied in rat astrocytes - cells in which β-oxidation takes place in the brain. Activation of PKC with phorbol ester stimulated L-carnitine transport and increased cell surface presence of the transporter, although no PKC-specific phosphorylation of Octn2 could be detected. PKC activation resulted in an augmented Octn2 presence in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich microdomains of plasma membrane (rafts) and increased co-precipitation of Octn2 with raft-proteins, caveolin-1 and flotillin-1. Deletion of potential caveolin-1 binding motifs pointed to amino acids 14–22 and 447–454 as the caveolin-1 binding sites within Octn2 sequence. A direct interaction of Octn2 with caveolin-1 in astrocytes upon PKC activation was detected by proximity ligation assay, while such an interaction was excluded in case of flotillin-1. Functioning of a multi-protein complex regulated by PKC has been postulated in rOctn2 trafficking to the cell surface, a process which could be important both under physiological conditions, when carnitine facilitates fatty acids catabolism and controls free Coenzyme A pool as well as in pathology, when transport of several drugs can induce secondary carnitine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czeredys
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Samluk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalec
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Tułodziecka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowronek
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Protein Engineering, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna A. Nałęcz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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23
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Peng M, Fang X, Huang Y, Cai Y, Liang C, Lin R, Liu L. Separation and identification of underivatized plasma acylcarnitine isomers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the differential diagnosis of organic acidemias and fatty acid oxidation defects. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:97-106. [PMID: 24169039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple HPLC-MS/MS method has been established to separate and identify underivatized acylcarnitine isomers. Human plasma samples were deproteinized and concentrated. Acylcarnitines were separated on a reverse phase column and detected with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Deuterium-labeled internal standards were used for quantitation. To identify acylcarnitines without pure standards, information-dependent acquisition linking to enhanced product ion scan mode was used. 112 acylcarnitines, including stereoisomers, were found in samples of patients. Dicarboxylic acylcarnitines, such as methylmalonylcarnitine and glutarylcarnitine, were detected with high sensitivity. Three stereoisomers of (R,S)2-methyl-3-hydroxy butyrylcarnitine were detected in samples of patients with β-ketothiolase deficiency. Validation results revealed excellent precision and accuracy of the method. In general the within- and between-run coefficients of variation (CV%) were less than 15%, and recoveries were in the range of 92.7-117.5%. In addition, the reference intervals of acylcarnitines for children aged 3-day to13-year old were established. Using the new method and reference intervals, we have correctly diagnosed 49 patients with fatty acid oxidation defects or organic acidemias in 176 high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Peng
- The Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
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