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Steel TL, Afshar M, Edwards S, Jolley SE, Timko C, Clark BJ, Douglas IS, Dzierba AL, Gershengorn HB, Gilpin NW, Godwin DW, Hough CL, Maldonado JR, Mehta AB, Nelson LS, Patel MB, Rastegar DA, Stollings JL, Tabakoff B, Tate JA, Wong A, Burnham EL. Research Needs for Inpatient Management of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:e61-e87. [PMID: 34609257 PMCID: PMC8528516 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202108-1845st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (SAWS) is highly morbid, costly, and common among hospitalized patients, yet minimal evidence exists to guide inpatient management. Research needs in this field are broad, spanning the translational science spectrum. Goals: This research statement aims to describe what is known about SAWS, identify knowledge gaps, and offer recommendations for research in each domain of the Institute of Medicine T0-T4 continuum to advance the care of hospitalized patients who experience SAWS. Methods: Clinicians and researchers with unique and complementary expertise in basic, clinical, and implementation research related to unhealthy alcohol consumption and alcohol withdrawal were invited to participate in a workshop at the American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference. The committee was subdivided into four groups on the basis of interest and expertise: T0-T1 (basic science research with translation to humans), T2 (research translating to patients), T3 (research translating to clinical practice), and T4 (research translating to communities). A medical librarian conducted a pragmatic literature search to facilitate this work, and committee members reviewed and supplemented the resulting evidence, identifying key knowledge gaps. Results: The committee identified several investigative opportunities to advance the care of patients with SAWS in each domain of the translational science spectrum. Major themes included 1) the need to investigate non-γ-aminobutyric acid pathways for alcohol withdrawal syndrome treatment; 2) harnessing retrospective and electronic health record data to identify risk factors and create objective severity scoring systems, particularly for acutely ill patients with SAWS; 3) the need for more robust comparative-effectiveness data to identify optimal SAWS treatment strategies; and 4) recommendations to accelerate implementation of effective treatments into practice. Conclusions: The dearth of evidence supporting management decisions for hospitalized patients with SAWS, many of whom require critical care, represents both a call to action and an opportunity for the American Thoracic Society and larger scientific communities to improve care for a vulnerable patient population. This report highlights basic, clinical, and implementation research that diverse experts agree will have the greatest impact on improving care for hospitalized patients with SAWS.
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Zyuz'kov GN, Miroshnichenko LAE, Simanina EV, Stavrova LA, Polykova TYE. Intracellular signaling molecules of nerve tissue progenitors as pharmacological targets for treatment of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:305-315. [PMID: 33559456 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The development of approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases caused by alcohol abuse by targeted pharmacological regulation of intracellular signaling transduction of progenitor cells of nerve tissue is promising. We studied peculiarities of participation of NF-кB-, сАМР/РКА-, JAKs/STAT3-, ERK1/2-, p38-pathways in the regulation of neural stem cells (NSC) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCP) in the simulation of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vitro, the role of signaling molecules (NF-кB, сАМР, РКА, JAKs, STAT3, ERK1/2, p38) in realizing the growth potential of neural stem cells (NSC) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCP) in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration modeled in vitro and in vivo was studied. To do this, the method of the pharmacological blockade with the use of selective inhibitors of individual signaling molecules was used. RESULTS Several of fundamental differences in the role of certain intracellular signaling molecules (SM) in proliferation and specialization of NSC and NCP have been revealed. It has been shown that the effect of ethanol on progenitors is accompanied by the formation of a qualitatively new pattern of signaling pathways. Data have been obtained on the possibility of stimulation of nerve tissue regeneration in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration by NF-кB and STAT3 inhibitors. It has been found that the blockage of these SM stimulates NSC and NCP in conditions of ethanol intoxication and does not have a «negative» effect on the realization of the growth potential of intact progenitors (which will appear de novo during therapy). CONCLUSIONS The results may serve as a basis for the development of fundamentally new drugs to the treatment of alcoholic encephalopathy and other diseases of the central nervous system associated with alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Nikolaevich Zyuz'kov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Arkad Evna Miroshnichenko
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Vladislavovna Simanina
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Alexandrovna Stavrova
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Yur Evna Polykova
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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The Role of NF-κВ in the Realization of Functions of Various Types of Regeneration-Competent Cells of the Nervous Tissue in Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:759-764. [PMID: 33098513 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of NF-κВ in the realization of the growth potential of neural progenitor cells from the subventricular area of cerebral hemispheres and secretion of neurotrophins by glial elements was studied under conditions of in vitro and in vivo modeled ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. It was found that this transcription factor does not participate in the regulation of mitotic activity of neural stem cells and neuronal-committed progenitors under optimal conditions and under the influence of ethanol in vitro. At the same time, NF-κВ suppresses differentiation/maturation of neural progenitor cells. Long-term peroral administration of ethanol to mice was accompanied by the inhibitory influence of NF-κВ on proliferation of progenitor cells. Blockade of NF-κВ in neural stem cells and committed neuronal precursors in animals with neurodegeneration induced cell cycle progression in these elements. The involvement of NF-κВ in the secretory function of astrocytes and oligodendrogliocytes was established. Inactivation of the nuclear transcription factor reduced the production of neurotrophins, in particular, in the case of ethanol exposure. At the same time, no changes in the function of microglia were noted.
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Zyuz'kov GN, Miroshnichenko LA, Polyakova TY, Stavrova LA, Simanina EV, Zhdanov VV, Chaikovskii AV. Peculiarities of the Involvement of MAPKS ERK1/2 and р38 in the Implementation of the Functions of Neural Stem Cells and Neuronal Committed Precursors in Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:609-613. [PMID: 32979127 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the peculiarities of the participation of ERK1/2 and р38 in regulation of various types of progenitor cells of the nervous tissue under conditions of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration modeled in vitro and in vivo. The stimulating role of these signaling molecules in the realization of the growth potential of intact multipotent neural stem cells and committed neuronal precursors (clonogenic PSA-NCAM+ cells) was demonstrated. In vitro exposure to neurotoxic doses of ethanol led to the loss of the specified role of ERK1/2 and p38 in the cell cycle regulation. Inversion of the role of both studied MAP-kinases in determining the proliferation status of neural stem cells after long-term administration of ethanol to experimental animals was revealed. In committed neuronal precursors, this inversion (inhibition of mitotic activity instead of activation) was revealed only for ERK1/2. In mice exposed to chronic alcoholization, ERK1/2 no longer participated in the process of specialization of both types of regeneration-competent cells of the nerve tissue. The revealed fundamental difference between the functions of ERK1/2 and p38 in the cell cycle regulation in neural stem cells and committed neuronal precursors under optimal conditions and during ethanol-induced neurodegeneration does not allow drawing definite conclusions about the prospect of using modifiers of their activity for the therapy for alcohol-related CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Zyuz'kov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - L A Miroshnichenko
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T Y Polyakova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Stavrova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E V Simanina
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V V Zhdanov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A V Chaikovskii
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Zyuz'kov GN, Miroshnichenko LA, Polyakova TY, Stavrova LA, Simanina EV, Zhdanov VV. Specific Roles of JAKs and STAT3 in Functions of Neural Stem Cells and Committed Neuronal Progenitors during Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:356-360. [PMID: 31938906 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Peculiar roles of JAKs and STAT3 in realization of growth potential of various types of progenitor cells in neural tissue were examined during ethanol-induced neurodegeneration modeled both in vitro and in vivo. During in vitro action of C2H5OH, these signal molecules exerted the opposite effects on mitotic activity of multipotent neural stem cells and committed neural progenitors (the clonogenic PSA-NCAM+ cells). The JAKs and STAT3 inhibitors down-regulated the rate of neural stem cell division (proliferative activity) but up-regulated such activity of the committed neural progenitors. A long-term in vivo exposure of mice to ethanol inversed the roles of JAKs and STAT3 in determination of proliferative status of neural stem cells and eliminated involvement of JAKs in functional control over the committed progenitors of neurons. The data attest to much promise of STAT3 inhibitors in treatment of ethanol-induced CNS diseases as the remedies that stimulate realization of growth potential in multipotent neural stem cells and committed neural progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Zyuz'kov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - L A Miroshnichenko
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T Yu Polyakova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Stavrova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E V Simanina
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V V Zhdanov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
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Role of MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 in the Realization of Growth Potential of Various Types of Regeneration-Competent Cells in Mouse Neural Tissue during Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:229-232. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Botalova A, Bombela T, Zubov P, Segal M, Korkotian E. The flavonoid acetylpectolinarin counteracts the effects of low ethanol on spontaneous network activity in hippocampal cultures. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:22-28. [PMID: 30287194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A major concern in modern society involves the lasting detrimental behavioral effects of exposure to alcoholic beverages. Consequently, hundreds of folk remedies for hangover have been suggested, most of them without a scientific basis, for lack of proper test systems. Over centuries, yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris Mill., Lv) tincture has been used in Russian traditional medicine to treat the spectrum of hangover symptoms such as vertigo, headache, drunken behaviors, and as a sedative. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we use in-vitro cultured hippocampal neurons to examine the effect of the Lv extract as well as the flavonoid acetylpectolinarin (ACP) exclusively found in Lv extract, on spontaneous network activity of the cultured neurons exposed to low, physiological concentrations of ethanol. RESULTS As in previous studies, low (0.25-0.5%) ethanol causes an increase in network activity, which was converted to suppression, with high concentrations of ethanol. Lv extract and ACP, at low concentrations, had no appreciable effect on spontaneous activity, but they blocked the facilitating action of low ethanol. This action of ACP was also seen when the culture was exposed to 1-EBIO, a SK potassium channel opener, and was blocked by apamin, an SK channel antagonist. In contrast, ACP or Lv extracts did not reverse the suppressive effects of higher ethanol. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ACP acts by interacting with the SK channel, to block the facilitatory effect of low concentration of ethanol, on network activity in hippocampal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Botalova
- Department of Zoology, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Tatyana Bombela
- Department of Botany, Perm Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia
| | - Peter Zubov
- Department of Botany, Perm Pharmaceutical Academy, Perm, Russia
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eduard Korkotian
- Department of Zoology, Perm State University, Perm, Russia; Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute Rehovot, Israel.
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Zyuz’kov GN, Miroshnichenko LA, Udut EV, Chaikovskii AV, Polyakova TY, Simanina EV, Stavrova LA, Agafonov VI, Zhdanov VV. Functional State of Various Types of Regeneration-Competent Cells in the Nervous Tissue in Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 166:317-320. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cooney G, Heydtmann M, Smith ID. Baclofen and the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome-A Short Review. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:773. [PMID: 30723432 PMCID: PMC6349735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS), which may occur with or without delirium, is a frequent consequence of sudden alcohol cessation in patients with moderate to severe Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS). Withdrawal as a result of habituation to alcohol is part of the definition of the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ICD10). Since the recognition of Delirium Tremens, in the early nineteenth century, the management of the syndrome, an acute medical emergency, has proven controversial. The barbiturates, chlormethiazole, and recently the safer benzodiazepines transformed the management of these conditions. The benzodiazepines, particularly diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, are now the most used first line agents in the treatment of AWS. In addition, a number of other agents, including baclofen, a GABA-B receptor agonist, have the potential to suppress the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In this review we review the potential use of baclofen in its role to treat AWS. We summarize initial case reports as well as more recent randomized trials of AWS treatment with baclofen. We conclude that currently there is not enough evidence to support the use of baclofen as a first line treatment for AWS. More research will be needed to determine where baclofen might have a role in second-line management of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome on its own or in combination with benzodiazepines or other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Cooney
- Florence Street Mental Health Resource Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mathis Heydtmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Iain D Smith
- Kershaw Unit, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Soyka M, Kranzler HR, Hesselbrock V, Kasper S, Mutschler J, Möller HJ. Guidelines for biological treatment of substance use and related disorders, part 1: Alcoholism, first revision. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:86-119. [PMID: 28006997 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1246752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of alcohol use disorders are an update of the first edition, published in 2008, which was developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). For this 2016 revision, we performed a systematic review (MEDLINE/PUBMED database, Cochrane Library) of all available publications pertaining to the biological treatment of alcoholism and extracted data from national guidelines. The Task Force evaluated the identified literature with respect to the strength of evidence for the efficacy of each medication and subsequently categorised it into six levels of evidence (A-F) and five levels of recommendation (1-5). Thus, the current guidelines provide a clinically and scientifically relevant, evidence-based update of our earlier recommendations. These guidelines are intended for use by clinicians and practitioners who evaluate and treat people with alcohol use disorders and are primarily concerned with the biological treatment of adults with such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Soyka
- a Psychiatric Hospital Meiringen , Meiringen , Switzerland.,b Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany.,c Medicalpark Chiemseeblick , Bernau , Germany
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- d Crescenz VAMC , University of Pennsylvania and VISN 4 MIRECC , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | | | - Siegfried Kasper
- f Department of Psychiatric Medicine , University of Vienna, Vienna , Austria
| | - Jochen Mutschler
- a Psychiatric Hospital Meiringen , Meiringen , Switzerland.,g Psychiatric Hospital University of Zürich, Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- b Department of Psychiatry , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
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Bajo M, Montgomery SE, Cates LN, Nadav T, Delucchi AM, Cheng K, Yin H, Crawford EF, Roberts AJ, Roberto M. Evaluation of TLR4 Inhibitor, T5342126, in Modulation of Ethanol-Drinking Behavior in Alcohol-Dependent Mice. Alcohol Alcohol 2016; 51:541-8. [PMID: 27151970 PMCID: PMC5004745 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Several lines of evidence support a critical role of TLR4 in the neuroimmune responses associated with alcohol disorders and propose inhibitors of TLR4 signaling as potential treatments for alcoholism. In this work, we investigated the effect of T5342126 compound, a selective TLR4 inhibitor, on excessive drinking and microglial activation associated with ethanol dependence. METHODS We used 2BC-CIE (two-bottle choice-chronic ethanol intermittent vapor exposure) paradigm to induce ethanol dependence in mice. After induction of the ethanol dependence, we injected T5342126 (i.p., 57 mg/kg) for 14 days while monitoring ethanol intake by 2BC (limited access to ethanol) method. RESULTS T5342126 decreased ethanol drinking in both ethanol-dependent and non-dependent mice but T5342126 showed also dose-dependent non-specific effects represented by decreased animal locomotor activity, saccharine intake, and body core temperature. Six days after the last ethanol-drinking session, we examined the immunohistochemical staining of Iba-1 (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1), a microglial activation marker, in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Notably, T5342126 reduced Iba-1 density in the CeA of both ethanol-dependent and non-dependent mice injected with T5342126. There were no significant differences in the DG Iba-1 density among the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that T5342126, via blocking TLR4 activation, contributes to the reduction of ethanol drinking and ethanol-induced neuroimmune responses. However, the non-specific effects of T5342126 may play a significant role in the T5342126 effects on ethanol drinking and thus, may limit its therapeutic potential for treatment of alcohol dependence. SHORT SUMMARY T5342126, an experimental TLR4 inhibitor, is effective in reducing ethanol drinking and inhibiting the activation and proliferation of microglia in both ethanol-dependent and non-dependent mice. However, T5342126's use as a potential candidate for the treatment of alcohol addiction may be limited due to its non-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bajo
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S E Montgomery
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - L N Cates
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - T Nadav
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - A M Delucchi
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - K Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - H Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - E F Crawford
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - A J Roberts
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - M Roberto
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Das SC, Althobaiti YS, Alshehri FS, Sari Y. Binge ethanol withdrawal: Effects on post-withdrawal ethanol intake, glutamate-glutamine cycle and monoamine tissue content in P rat model. Behav Brain Res 2016; 303:120-5. [PMID: 26821293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a medical emergency situation which appears after abrupt cessation of ethanol intake. Decreased GABA-A function and increased glutamate function are known to exist in the AWS. However, the involvement of glutamate transporters in the context of AWS requires further investigation. In this study, we used a model of ethanol withdrawal involving abrupt cessation of binge ethanol administration (4 g/kg/gavage three times a day for three days) using male alcohol-preferring (P) rats. After 48 h of withdrawal, P rats were re-exposed to voluntary ethanol intake. The amount of ethanol consumed was measured during post-withdrawal phase. In addition, the expression of GLT-1, GLAST and xCT were determined in both medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). We also measured glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, and the tissue content of glutamate, glutamine, dopamine and serotonin in both mPFC and NAc. We found that binge ethanol withdrawal escalated post-withdrawal ethanol intake, which was associated with downregulation of GLT-1 expression in both mPFC and NAc. The expression of GLAST and xCT were unchanged in the ethanol-withdrawal (EW) group compared to control group. Tissue content of glutamate was significantly lower in both mPFC and NAc, whereas tissue content of glutamine was higher in mPFC but unchanged in NAc in the EW group compared to control group. The GS activity was unchanged in both mPFC and NAc. The tissue content of DA was significantly lower in both mPFC and NAc, whereas tissue content of serotonin was unchanged in both mPFC and NAc. These findings provide important information of the critical role of GLT-1 in context of AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan C Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Fahad S Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.
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GABA withdrawal syndrome: GABAA receptor, synapse, neurobiological implications and analogies with other abstinences. Neuroscience 2015; 313:57-72. [PMID: 26592722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sudden interruption of the increase of the concentration of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), determines an increase in neuronal activity. GABA withdrawal (GW) is a heuristic analogy, with withdrawal symptoms developed by other GABA receptor-agonists such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, and neurosteroids. GW comprises a model of neuronal excitability validated by electroencephalogram (EEG) in which high-frequency and high-amplitude spike-wave complexes appear. In brain slices, GW was identified by increased firing synchronization of pyramidal neurons and by changes in the active properties of the neuronal membrane. GW induces pre- and postsynaptic changes: a decrease in GABA synthesis/release, and the decrease in the expression and composition of GABAA receptors associated with increased calcium entry into the cell. GW is an excellent bioassay for studying partial epilepsy, epilepsy refractory to drug treatment, and a model to reverse or prevent the generation of abstinences from different drugs.
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Shu JE, Lin A, Chang G. Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment in the Medically Hospitalized Patient: A Pilot Study Assessing Predictors for Medical or Psychiatric Complications. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2015; 56:547-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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