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Witkowska A, Gryn-Rynko A, Syrkiewicz P, Kitala-Tańska K, Majewski MS. Characterizations of White Mulberry, Sea-Buckthorn, Garlic, Lily of the Valley, Motherwort, and Hawthorn as Potential Candidates for Managing Cardiovascular Disease-In Vitro and Ex Vivo Animal Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1313. [PMID: 38732560 PMCID: PMC11085323 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a broadly understood concept focusing on vascular and heart dysfunction. Lack of physical exercise, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, thromboembolism, and kidney and lung diseases all contribute to the development of heart and blood vessel dysfunction. Although effective and important, traditional treatment with diuretics, statins, beta blockers, calcium inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, and anti-platelet drugs remains a second-line treatment after dietary interventions and lifestyle changes. Scientists worldwide are still looking for an herbal product that would be effective and free from side effects, either taken together with or before the standard pharmacological intervention. Such herbal-originated medication therapy may include Morus alba L. (white mulberry), Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (sea-buckthorn), Allium sativum L. (garlic), Convallaria majalis L. (lily of the valley), Leonurus cardiaca L. (motherwort), and Crataegus spp. (hawthorn). Valuable herbal raw materials include leaves, fruits, seeds, and even thorns. This short review focuses on six herbs that can constitute an interesting and potential therapeutic option in the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michał S. Majewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.K.-T.)
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Ossowicz-Rupniewska P, Klebeko J, Georgieva I, Apostolova S, Struk Ł, Todinova S, Tzoneva RD, Guncheva M. Tuning of the Anti-Breast Cancer Activity of Betulinic Acid via Its Conversion to Ionic Liquids. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:496. [PMID: 38675157 PMCID: PMC11053683 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpene with diverse biological activities. However, its low water solubility limits its pharmaceutical application. The conversion of pharmaceutically active molecules into ionic liquids (ILs) is a promising strategy to improve their physicochemical properties, stability, and/or potency. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of 15 novel ILs containing a cation ethyl ester of a polar, non-polar, or charged amino acid [AAOEt] and an anion BA. Except for [ValOEt][BA], we observed preserved or up to 2-fold enhanced cytotoxicity toward hormone-dependent breast cancer cells MCF-7. The estimated IC50 (72 h) values within the series varied between 4.8 and 25.7 µM. We found that the most cytotoxic IL, [LysOEt][BA]2, reduced clonogenic efficiency to 20% compared to that of BA. In addition, we evaluated the effect of a 72 h treatment with BA or [LysOEt][BA]2, the most cytotoxic compound, on the thermodynamic behavior of MCF-7 cells. Based on our data, we suggest that the charged amino acid lysine included in the novel ILs provokes cytotoxicity by a mechanism involving alteration in membrane lipid organization, which could be accompanied by modulation of the visco-elastic properties of the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (P.O.-R.); (J.K.)
| | - Joanna Klebeko
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (P.O.-R.); (J.K.)
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (S.A.); (S.T.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Sonia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (S.A.); (S.T.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Łukasz Struk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Svetla Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (S.A.); (S.T.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Rumiana Dimitrova Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (S.A.); (S.T.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Maya Guncheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Aguilera-Garrido A, Graván P, Navarro-Marchal SA, Medina-O'Donnell M, Parra A, Gálvez-Ruiz MJ, Marchal JA, Galisteo-González F. Maslinic acid solid lipid nanoparticles as hydrophobic anticancer drug carriers: Formulation, in vitro activity and in vivo biodistribution. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114828. [PMID: 37163783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid with inherent antitumor activity which has a very low solubility in water. MA solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared using Poloxamer 407 and Dicarboxylic acid-Poloxamer 407 as surfactants. Both MA SLNs are monodisperse, with sizes around 130 nm, and stable. Curcumin has been encapsulated in both types of nanoparticles without altering their colloidal properties. Moreover, SLNs greatly improve the solubility of MA and Curcumin. The cytotoxicity of MA and SLNs has been evaluated in BxPC3 human pancreatic cancer cells, MCF7 human breast cancer cells, and in a human fibroblast primary cell line. MA shows higher cytotoxic effect in BxPC3 and MCF7 cancer cells than in human primary fibroblasts. Nile Red loaded MA SLNs are quickly uptaken by BxPC3 and MCF7 cells, and show different cytoplasmic distributions depending on the cellular line. The oral or intravenous administration of MA SLNs in mice does not report any toxic effect, and the intravenous administration of fluorescent MA SLNs shows a homogeneous distribution in mice, without site-specific accumulation. Results suggest the great potential of MA SLNs as nanocarriers of anticancer drugs and as promising targeted theranostic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixa Aguilera-Garrido
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pablo Graván
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada 18012, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; BioFab i3D, Biofabrication and 3D (bio)printing laboratory, University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain
| | - Saúl A Navarro-Marchal
- Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marta Medina-O'Donnell
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Andrés Parra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - María José Gálvez-Ruiz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada 18012, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; BioFab i3D, Biofabrication and 3D (bio)printing laboratory, University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Francisco Galisteo-González
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
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4
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Medina-O’Donnell M, Vega-Granados K, Martinez A, Sepúlveda MR, Molina-Bolívar JA, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Parra A, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Rivas F. Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Antiproliferative Evaluation of NBD-Triterpene Fluorescent Probes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:166-175. [PMID: 36542806 PMCID: PMC9887599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent labeling protocol for hydroxylated natural compounds with promising antitumor properties has been used to synthesize, in yields of 72-86%, 12 derivatives having fluorescent properties and biological activity. The reagent used for the synthesis of these fluorescent derivatives was 7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole chloride (NBD-Cl). The linkers employed to bind the NBD-Cl reagent to the natural compounds were ω-amino acids (Aa) of different chain lengths. The natural triterpene compounds chosen were oleanolic and maslinic acid, as their corresponding 28-benzylated derivatives. Thus, 12 NBD-Aa-triterpene conjugates have been studied for their optical fluorescence properties and their biological activities against cell proliferation in three cancer cell lines (B16-F10, HT-29, and HepG2), compared with three nontumor cell lines (HPF, IEC-18, and WRL68) from different tissues. The results of the fluorescence study have shown that the best fluorescent labels are those in which the ω-amino acid chain is shorter, and the carboxylic group is not benzylated. Analysis by confocal microscopy showed that these compounds were rapidly incorporated into cells in all three cancer cell lines, with these same derivatives showing the highest toxicity against the cancer cell lines tested. Then, the fluorescent labeling of these NBD-Aa-triterpene conjugates enabled their uptake and subcellular distribution to be followed in order to probe in detail their biological properties at the cellular and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Medina-O’Donnell
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Biología
Celular, and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071Granada, Spain
| | - Karina Vega-Granados
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Biología
Celular, and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Biología
Celular, and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071Granada, Spain
| | - M. Rosario Sepúlveda
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Biología
Celular, and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Biología
Celular, and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Parra
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Biología
Celular, and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Biología
Celular, and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Rivas
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Biología
Celular, and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071Granada, Spain
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Synthesis, Anti-Influenza H1N1 and Anti-Dengue Activity of A-Ring Modified Oleanonic Acid Polyamine Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238499. [PMID: 36500593 PMCID: PMC9738632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of sixteen A-ring modified (2,3-indolo-, 2-benzylidene) oleanonic acid derivatives, holding some cyclic amines, linear polyamines and benzylaminocarboxamides at C28, has been synthesized and screened for antiviral activity against influenza A/PuertoRico/8/34 (H1N1) and Dengue virus serotypes of DENV-1, -2, -3, -4. It was found that 28-homopiperazine 2 and 3-N-phthalyl 22 amides of oleanonic acid demonstrated high potency with selectivity index SI 27 (IC50 21 μM) and 42 (IC50 12 μM). Oleanonic acid aminoethylpiperazine amide 6 and C-azepano-erythrodiol 23 appeared to be the most effective compounds against DENV-1 (IC50's 67 and 107 μM) and -2 (IC50's 86 and 68 μM correspondingly) serotypes.
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Markov AV, Ilyina AA, Salomatina OV, Sen’kova AV, Okhina AA, Rogachev AD, Salakhutdinov NF, Zenkova MA. Novel Soloxolone Amides as Potent Anti-Glioblastoma Candidates: Design, Synthesis, In Silico Analysis and Biological Activities In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050603. [PMID: 35631429 PMCID: PMC9145754 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of natural or semisynthetic triterpenoids with amines can be explored as a promising strategy for improving their pharmacological properties. Here, we report the design and synthesis of 11 novel amide derivatives of soloxolone methyl (SM), a cyano enone-bearing derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid. Analysis of their bioactivities in vitro and in silico revealed their high toxicity against a panel of tumor cells (average IC50(24 h) = 3.7 µM) and showed that the formation of amide moieties at the C-30 position of soloxolone did not enhance the cytotoxicity of derivatives toward tumor cells compared to SM, though it can impart an ability to pass across the blood–brain barrier. Further HPLC–MS/MS and mechanistic studies verified significant brain accumulation of hit compound 12 (soloxolone tryptamide) in a murine model and showed its high anti-glioblastoma potential. It was found that 12 induced ROS-dependent and autophagy-independent death of U87 and U118 glioblastoma cells via mitochondrial apoptosis and effectively blocked their clonogenicity, motility and capacity to form vessel-like structures. Further in vivo study demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of 12 at a dosage of 20 mg/kg effectively inhibited the growth of U87 glioblastoma in a mouse xenograft model, reducing the proliferative potential of the tumor and leading to a depletion of collagen content and normalization of blood vessels in tumor tissue. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that 12 can be considered as a promising leading compound for drug development in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-51-61
| | - Anna A. Ilyina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.O.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Oksana V. Salomatina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Alina A. Okhina
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.O.); (A.D.R.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Artem D. Rogachev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.O.); (A.D.R.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
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Lai Shi Min S, Liew SY, Chear NJY, Goh BH, Tan WN, Khaw KY. Plant Terpenoids as the Promising Source of Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Anti-AD Therapy. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020307. [PMID: 35205173 PMCID: PMC8869317 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant-derived terpenes have been a research interest in the recent years, as they are believed to possess the ability to function as a cholinesterase inhibitor. As the deficit of cholinergic activity is one of the factors that causes cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease patients, it serves as a great therapeutic target. It has been found that various terpenoids, such as diterpenoids, triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, do have the ability to inhibit cholinesterase activity, and their chemical structures do play a role in this. As terpenoids possess anti-cholinesterase properties, it is encouraged to have future research on drug discovery and development in treating Alzheimer’s disease. Abstract Plant-derived terpenes are the prolific source of modern drugs such as taxol, chloroquine and artemisinin, which are widely used to treat cancer and malaria infections. There are research interests in recent years on terpene-derived metabolites (diterpenes, triterpenes and sesquiterpenes), which are believed to serve as excellent cholinesterase inhibitors. As cholinesterase inhibitors are the current treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, terpene-derived metabolites will have the potential to be involved in the future drug development for Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, a bibliographic search was conducted by using the keywords “terpene”, “cholinesterase” and “Alzheimer’s disease”, along with cross-referencing from 2011 to 2020, to provide an overview of natural terpenes with potential anticholinesterase properties. This review focuses on the extraction, chemical structures and anti-cholinesterase mechanisms of terpenes, which support and encourage future research on drug discovery and development in treating Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Lai Shi Min
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nelson Jeng Yeou Chear
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-N.T.); (K.Y.K.)
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (W.-N.T.); (K.Y.K.)
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8
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Sun Y, Pan R, Chen H, Zhao C, Han R, Li M, Xue G, Chen H, Du K, Wang J, Feng W. Cytotoxic Polyhydroxylated Oleanane Triterpenoids from Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta. Molecules 2022; 27:1183. [PMID: 35208972 PMCID: PMC8876210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new polyhydroxylated oleanane triterpenoids, cissatriterpenoid A-C (1-3), along with one known analogue (4), were isolated from the whole plant of Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data (IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) and the microhydrolysis method. The isolation of compounds 1-4 represents the first report of polyhydroxylated oleanane triterpenoids from the family Menispermaceae. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, and the inhibitory activity against NO release in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Compound 3 showed the most potent cytotoxic activities against the A549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW480 cell lines, with IC50 values of 17.55, 34.74, 19.77, and 30.39 μM, respectively, whereas three remaining ones were found to be inactive. The preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that the γ-lactone ring at C-22 and C-29, and the olefinic bond at C-12 and C-13 were structurally required for the cytotoxicity of polyhydroxylated oleanane triterpenoids against these four cell lines. Based on lipid-water partition coefficients, compound 3 is less lipophilic than 1 and 4, which agrees with their cytotoxic activities. This confirms the potential of C. pareira var. hirsuta in the tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruyi Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Haojie Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruijie Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guimin Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kun Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (R.P.); (H.C.); (C.Z.); (R.H.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (H.C.); (K.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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9
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Erdmann J, Kujaciński M, Wiciński M. Beneficial Effects of Ursolic Acid and Its Derivatives-Focus on Potential Biochemical Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Conditions. Nutrients 2021; 13:3900. [PMID: 34836155 PMCID: PMC8622438 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in a number of plants such as apples, thyme, oregano, hawthorn and others. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have presented its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. The inhibition of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways and the increased scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in numerous ways seem to be the most beneficial effects of UA. In mice and rats, administration of UA appears to slow down the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially atherosclerosis and cardiac fibrosis. Upregulation of endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cystathionine-λ-lyase (CSE) by UA may suggest its vasorelaxant property. Inhibition of metalloproteinases activity by UA may contribute to better outcomes in aneurysms management. UA influence on lipid and glucose metabolism remains inconsistent, and additional studies are essential to verify its efficacy. Furthermore, UA derivatives appear to have a beneficial impact on the cardiovascular system. This review aims to summarize recent findings on beneficial effects of UA that may make it a promising candidate for clinical trials for the management of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Erdmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.)
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10
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EGFR-Targeted Pentacyclic Triterpene Analogues for Glioma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010945. [PMID: 34681605 PMCID: PMC8537327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, particularly its most malignant form, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most common and aggressive malignant central nervous system tumor. The drawbacks of the current chemotherapy for GBM have aroused curiosity in the search for targeted therapies. Aberrantly overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in GBM results in poor prognosis, low survival rates, poor responses to therapy and recurrence, and therefore EGFR-targeted therapy stands out as a promising approach for the treatment of gliomas. In this context, a series of pentacyclic triterpene analogues were subjected to in vitro and in silico assays, which were conducted to assess their potency as EGFR-targeted anti-glioma agents. In particular, compound 10 was the most potent anti-glioma agent with an IC50 value of 5.82 µM towards U251 human glioblastoma cells. Taking into account its low cytotoxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), compound 10 exerts selective antitumor action towards Jurkat human leukemic T-cells. This compound also induced apoptosis and inhibited EGFR with an IC50 value of 9.43 µM compared to erlotinib (IC50 = 0.06 µM). Based on in vitro and in silico data, compound 10 stands out as a potential orally bioavailable EGFR-targeted anti-glioma agent endowed with the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
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11
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Vega-Granados K, Medina-O’Donnell M, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Martinez A, Alvarez de Cienfuegos L, Lupiañez JA, Parra A. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Triterpene-Coumarin Conjugates. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1587-1597. [PMID: 33956447 PMCID: PMC8476055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A set of 12 maslinic acid-coumarin conjugates was synthesized, with 9 being maslinic acid-diamine-coumarin conjugates at the C-28 carboxylic acid group of triterpene acid and the other three being maslinic acid-coumarin conjugates at C-2/C-3 and/or C-28 of the triterpene skeleton. The cytotoxic effects of these 12 triterpene conjugates were evaluated in three cancer cell lines (B16-F10, HT29, and Hep G2) and compared, respectively, with three nontumor cell lines from the same or similar tissue (HPF, IEC-18, and WRL68). The most potent cytotoxic results were achieved by a conjugate with two molecules of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid coupled through the C-2 and C-3 hydroxy groups of maslinic acid. This conjugate showed submicromolar IC50 values in two of the three cancer cell lines tested (0.6, 1.1, and 0.9 μM), being between 110- and 30-fold more effective than its corresponding precursor. Furthermore, this conjugate (10) showed percentages of cell viability for the three nontumor lines of 90%. Four maslinic acid-coumarin conjugates displayed apoptotic effects in the treated cells, with total apoptosis rates of between 40 and 85%, relative to the control. Almost all the compounds assayed caused cell-cycle arrest in all cancer cell lines, increasing the number of these cells in the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Vega-Granados
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Rivas
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Phone/Fax: +34 958 240479.
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Phone: +34-958-243252.
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jose A. Lupiañez
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Parra
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Phone: +34 958 240480. Fax: +34 958 248437.
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12
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Lee S, Jung W, Eom S, Yeom HD, Park HD, Lee JH. Molecular Regulation of Betulinic Acid on α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Molecules 2021; 26:2659. [PMID: 34062829 PMCID: PMC8125762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a major constituent of Zizyphus seeds that have been long used as therapeutic agents for sleep-related issues in Asia. BA is a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It also possesses various anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Current commercially available sleep aids typically use GABAergic regulation, for which many studies are being actively conducted. However, few studies have focused on acetylcholine receptors that regulate wakefulness. In this study, we utilized BA as an antagonist of α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α3β4 nAChRs) known to regulate rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness. Effects of BA on α3β4 nAChRs were concentration-dependent, reversible, voltage-independent, and non-competitive. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular-docking studies confirmed the binding of BA at the molecular level and showed that the α3 subunit L257 and the β4 subunit I263 residues affected BA binding. These data demonstrate that BA can bind to a binding site different from the site for the receptor's ligand, acetylcholine (ACh). This suggests that BA may be an effective antagonist that is unaffected by large amounts of ACh released during wakefulness and REM sleep. Based on the above experimental results, BA is likely to be a therapeutically useful sleep aid and sedative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhui Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.L.); (S.E.)
| | - Woog Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Sanung Eom
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.L.); (S.E.)
| | | | - Heui-Dong Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Junho H. Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.L.); (S.E.)
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Vergara-Martínez VM, Estrada-Soto SE, Valencia-Díaz S, Garcia-Sosa K, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Arellano-García JDJ, Perea-Arango I. Methyl jasmonate enhances ursolic, oleanolic and rosmarinic acid production and sucrose induced biomass accumulation, in hairy roots of Lepechinia caulescens. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11279. [PMID: 33986996 PMCID: PMC8086586 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ursolic (UA), oleanolic (OA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids are bioactive metabolites found in Lepechinia caulescens that have generated interest for their health benefits, which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, gastroprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. To date, very few attempts have been made to evaluate the potential for simultaneous production of these bioactive compounds, using a biotechnological approach. Hairy root cultures offer a biotechnology approach that can be used to study the factors affecting the biosynthesis and the production of UA, OA and RA. In the current study, we established hairy root cultures of L. caulescens and evaluated the effect of sucrose on biomass accumulation, and the effect of different concentrations and times of exposure of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), on the accumulation of UA, OA and RA. Methods Leaves from plants of L. caulescens were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834. PCR of rolB gene confirmed the transgenic nature of hairy roots. Hairy roots were subcultured in semisolid MSB5 medium, supplemented with 15, 30, 45 or 60 g/L sucrose and after 4 weeks, dry weight was determined. The accumulation of UA, OA and RA of wild plants and hairy roots were determined by HPLC. Finally, the hairy roots were treated with 0, 100, 200 and 300 µM of MeJA and the content of bioactive compounds was analyzed, after 24, 48 and 72 h. Results High frequency transformation (75%) was achieved, using leaf explants from axenic seedlings, infected with A. rhizogenes. The hairy roots showed an enhanced linear biomass accumulation, in response to the increase in sucrose concentration. The hairy root cultures in MSB5 medium, supplemented with 45 g/L sucrose, were capable to synthesizing UA (0.29 ± 0.00 mg/g DW), OA (0.57 ± 0.00 mg/g DW) and RA (41.66 ± 0.31 mg/g DW), about two, seven and three times more, respectively, than in roots from wild plants. Elicitation time and concentration of MeJA resulted in significant enhancement in the production of UA, OA and RA, with treatments elicited for 24 h, with a concentration of 300 µM of MeJA, exhibiting greatest accumulation. Conclusion This is the first report on development of hairy root cultures of L. caulescens. Future studies should aim towards further improving triterpenes and polyphenolic compound production in hairy roots of L. caulescens, for use in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Vergara-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel E Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Susana Valencia-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Karlina Garcia-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Brandes B, Koch L, Hoenke S, Deigner HP, Csuk R. The presence of a cationic center is not alone decisive for the cytotoxicity of triterpene carboxylic acid amides. Steroids 2020; 163:108713. [PMID: 32795453 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
3-O-Acetyl-ursolic acid (2) and 3-O-acetyl oleanolic acid (8) were converted into piperazinylamides holding a distal NH, NMe or a NMe2 group. These compounds as well as the corresponding N-methyl-N-oxides were accessed. Their cytotoxicity was assessed in SRB assays employing a panel of human tumor cell lines and non-malignant fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). As a result, compounds holding a quaternary distal N-substituent were less cytotoxic that those holding a NH-moiety. Hence, the presence of a distal cationic center seems not to be a sufficient criterion for obtaining triterpenoids of high cytotoxicity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brandes
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lukas Koch
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophie Hoenke
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Jakob-Kienzle Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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15
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Alho DPS, Salvador JAR, Cascante M, Marin S. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel A-Ring Cleaved Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:E2938. [PMID: 31416117 PMCID: PMC6721064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives was synthesized via the opening of its ring A along with the coupling of an amino acid. The antiproliferative activity of the derivatives was evaluated against a panel of nine human cancer cell lines. Compound 17 was the most active compound, with an IC50 of 6.1 µM on Jurkat cells, which is 17-fold more potent than that of glycyrrhetinic acid, and was up to 10 times more selective toward that cancer cell line. Further biological investigation in Jurkat cells showed that the antiproliferative activity of compound 17 was due to cell cycle arrest at the S phase and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P S Alho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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17
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Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel Heterocyclic Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040766. [PMID: 30791593 PMCID: PMC6412232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives has been synthesized via the introduction of different heterocyclic rings conjugated with an α,β-unsaturated ketone in its ring A. These new compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity in a panel of nine human cancer cell lines. Compound 10 was the most active derivative, with an IC50 of 1.1 µM on Jurkat cells, which is 96-fold more potent than that of glycyrrhetinic acid, and was 4-fold more selective toward that cancer cell line. Further biological studies performed in Jurkat cells showed that compound 10 is a potent inducer of apoptosis that activates both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Abstract
Covering 2014. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2017, 34, 90-122 This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids reported during 2014 including squalene derivatives, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, cucurbitanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, serratanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 374 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK G12 8QQ.
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Pięt M, Paduch R. Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids as Potential Anticancer Agents Acting in the Gastrointestinal Tract. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180612090816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Contemporary therapies, including chemo- and radiotherapy, are burdened with severe side effects. Thus, there exists an urgent need to develop therapies that would be less devastating to the patient’s body. Such novel approaches can be based on the anti-tumorigenic activity of particular compounds or may involve sensitizing cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy or reducing the side-effects of regular treatment.Objective:Natural-derived compounds are becoming more and more popular in cancer research. Examples of such substances are Ursolic Acid (UA) and Oleanolic Acid (OA), plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoids which possess numerous beneficial properties, including anti-tumorigenic activity.Results:In recent years, ursolic and oleanolic acids have been demonstrated to exert a range of anticancer effects on various types of tumors. These compounds inhibit the viability and proliferation of cancer cells, prevent their migration and metastasis and induce their apoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that UA and OA are promising anti-cancer agents that can prevent carcinogenesis at each step. Furthermore, cancers at all stages are susceptible to the activity of these compounds. </P><P> Neoplasms that are formed in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, are among the most common and most lethal malignancies. Their localization in the digestive system, however, facilitates the action of orally-administered (potential) anti-cancer agents, making chemopreventive drugs more accessible.In this paper, the anti-tumorigenic effect of ursolic and oleanolic acids on gastric, colon, pancreatic, and liver cancers, as well as the mechanisms underlying this process, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pięt
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Kahnt M, Wiemann J, Fischer L, Sommerwerk S, Csuk R. Transformation of asiatic acid into a mitocanic, bimodal-acting rhodamine B conjugate of nanomolar cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:143-148. [PMID: 30278332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on their biological activity natural products continue to represent optimal lead structures for the development of novel drug candidates. We focused on the syntheses of several derivatives of the triterpene asiatic acid and on the evaluation of their cytotoxic activity in a photometric sulforhodamin B assay. Especially, benzamide 2 and rhodamine B conjugate 11 show a distinct cytotoxicity for several human tumor cell lines, e.g. EC50 (A2780) = 110 ± 1 nM and EC50 (A2780) = 8 ± 2 nM, respectively. Interestingly, compound 11 showed for two human tumor cell lines (HT29 and 518A2) non-linear, bimodal dose-response relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahnt
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jana Wiemann
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lucie Fischer
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sven Sommerwerk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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21
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Kahnt M, Heller L, Al-Harrasi A, Schäfer R, Kluge R, Wagner C, Otgonbayar C, Csuk R. Platanic acid-derived methyl 20-amino-30-norlupan-28-oates are potent cytotoxic agents acting by apoptosis. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wiemann J, Heller L, Csuk R. An access to a library of novel triterpene derivatives with a promising pharmacological potential by Ugi and Passerini multicomponent reactions. Eur J Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Pettit GR, Melody N, Chapuis JC. Antineoplastic Agents. 606. The Betulastatins. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:458-464. [PMID: 29303263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal potential of the plant pentacyclic triterpene betulin has generated long-term interest focused on various SAR research avenues. The present approach was based on producing further analogues (chimeras) arising from a studied modification of betulin bonded to the Dov-Val-Dil-Dap unit of the powerful anticancer drug dolastatin 10, which provided betulastatins 1 (7b), 2 (11b), 3 (16b), and 4 (18b). Betulastatin 1, 2, and 4 exhibited modest levels of cancer cell growth inhibition against six cancer cell lines. Betulastatin 3 proved to be the most potent cancer cell growth inhibitor (GI50 0.01 μg/mL) and seems worthy of further development, as the presumed mixture of anticancer mechanisms of action may prove to be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871604, Tempe , Arizona 85287-1604 , United States
| | - Noeleen Melody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871604, Tempe , Arizona 85287-1604 , United States
| | - Jean-Charles Chapuis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871604, Tempe , Arizona 85287-1604 , United States
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Medina-O’Donnell M, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Martinez A, Lupiañez JA, Parra A. Diamine and PEGylated-diamine conjugates of triterpenic acids as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:325-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Salvador JA, Leal AS, Valdeira AS, Gonçalves BM, Alho DP, Figueiredo SA, Silvestre SM, Mendes VI. Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:95-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of triterpeni≿ A-ring azepanes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:464-472. [PMID: 29202408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of A-ring azepanones and azepanes derived from betulonic, oleanonic and ursonic acids was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activities against M. tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv and SDR-TB in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Triterpenic A-azepano-28-hydroxy-derivatives were synthesized by the reduction with LiAlH4 of triterpenic azepanones available from the Beckmann rearrangement of the corresponding C3-oximes. Modification of azepanes at NH-group and atoms С12, C20, C28 and C29 of triterpenic core led to the derivatives with oxo, epoxy, aminopropyl, oximino and acyl substituents. The primary assay of tested triterpenoids against MTB H37Rv demonstrated their MIC values ranged from 3.125 to >200 μM. Ursane type A-azepano-28-cinnamoates were the most active being 2 and 4 times more efficient than the initial 28-hydroxy-derivative. The follow-up testing revealed A-azepano-28-cinnamoyloxybetulin as a leader compound with MIC 2 and MBC 4 μM against MTB H37Rv and MICs 4, 1 and 1 μM against INH, RIF and OFX resistant strains, respectively. Five oleanane and ursane azepanes pronounced better activity than isoniazid against INH-R1 and rifampicin against INH-R2 strains. This work opens a new direction in the design and synthesis of new antitubercular agents basing on azepanotriterpenoids.
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27
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Figueiredo SA, Salvador JA, Cortés R, Cascante M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel C-29 carbamate celastrol derivatives as potent and selective cytotoxic compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:836-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Medina-O'Donnell M, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Martinez A, Galisteo-González F, Lupiañez JA, Parra A. Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative evaluation of PEGylated triterpene acids. Fitoterapia 2017; 120:25-40. [PMID: 28552598 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A set of PEGylated derivatives of oleanolic and maslinic acids has been semi-synthesised, attaching ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol to the C-28 carboxyl group of these natural triterpenes and some derivatives. Another set of PEGylated derivatives has been semi-synthesised by connecting the same four ethylene glycols to the hydroxyl groups of the A ring of these triterpenic acids, through a carbonate linker, by reaction with trichloromethyl chloroformate. The aqueous solubility of some of these PEGylated derivatives has been compared with that of maslinic acid. The cytotoxic effects of 28 triterpenic PEGylated derivatives in three cancer-cell lines (B16-F10, HT29, and Hep G2) have been assayed. The best results have been achieved with the HT29 cell line, and specifically with the oleanolic acid derivatives having ethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol attached to the C-28 carboxyl group, which are approximately 27-fold more effective than their natural precursor. Eight PEGylated derivatives have been selected to compare the cytotoxicity results in the HT29 cancer-cell line with those of a non-tumour cell line of the same tissue (IEC-18), four of which were less cytotoxic in the non-tumour cell line. These compounds showed apoptotic effects on treated cells, with percentages of total apoptosis between 20% and 53%, relative to control, at 72h and IC50 concentration, and between 29% to 62%, relative to control, for the same time and IC80 concentration. We have also found that with the treatment of these compounds in HT29 cancer cells, cell-cycle arrest occurred in the G0/G1 phase. Finally, we have also studied changes in mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis of HT29 cancer cells, and the results suggest an activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Medina-O'Donnell
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Rivas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Fernando J Reyes-Zurita
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jose A Lupiañez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Parra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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29
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Fernandez-Pastor I, Fernandez-Hernandez A, Perez-Criado S, Rivas F, Martinez A, Garcia-Granados A, Parra A. Microwave-assisted extraction versus Soxhlet extraction to determine triterpene acids in olive skins. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1209-1217. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Fernandez-Hernandez
- Centro “Venta del Llano” del Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria; Pesquera; Agroalimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA); Mengíbar Jaén Spain
| | - Sergio Perez-Criado
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Francisco Rivas
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Andres Garcia-Granados
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Andres Parra
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
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30
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Mo WB, Su CH, Huang JY, Liu J, Chen ZF, Cheng KG. Synthesis of acyl oleanolic acid-uracil conjugates and their anti-tumor activity. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:69. [PMID: 27928425 PMCID: PMC5117584 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleanolic acid, which can be isolated from many foods and medicinal plants, has been reported to possess diverse biological activities. It has been found that the acylation of the hydroxyl groups of the A-ring in the triterpene skeleton of oleanolic acid could be favorable for biological activities. The pyrimidinyl group has been constructed in many new compounds in various anti-tumor studies. RESULTS Five acyl oleanolic acid-uracil conjugates were synthesized. Most of the IC50 values of these conjugates were lower than 10.0 μM, and some of them were even under 0.1 μM. Cytotoxicity selectivity detection revealed that conjugate 4c exhibited low cytotoxicity towards the normal human liver cell line HL-7702. Further studies revealed that 4c clearly possessed apoptosis inducing effects, could arrest the Hep-G2 cell line in the G1 phase, induce late-stage apoptosis, and activate effector caspase-3/9 to trigger apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Conjugates of five different acyl OA derivatives with uracil were synthesized and identified as possessing high selectivity toward tumor cell lines. These conjugates could induce apoptosis in Hep-G2 cells by triggering caspase-3/9 activity.Graphical abstractFive acyl oleanolic aicd-uracil conjugates were synthesized. These conjugates exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward tumor cells achieved via inducing apoptosis by activation of caspase-3/9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Mo
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Sport School, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Guang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China ; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
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31
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Heller L, Knorrscheidt A, Flemming F, Wiemann J, Sommerwerk S, Pavel IZ, Al-Harrasi A, Csuk R. Synthesis and proapoptotic activity of oleanolic acid derived amides. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:137-51. [PMID: 27518757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-one different 3-O-acetyl-OA derived amides have been prepared and screened for their cytotoxic activity. In the SRB assays nearly all the carboxamides displayed good cytotoxicity in the low μM range for several human tumor cell lines. Low EC50 values were obtained especially for the picolinylamides 14-16, for a N-[2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl] derivative 27 and a N-[2-(pyrrolinyl)-ethyl] carboxamide 28. These compounds were submitted to an extensive biological testing and proved compound 15 to act mainly by an arrest of the tumor cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Cell death occurred by autophagy while compounds 27 and 28 triggered apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Knorrscheidt
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Franziska Flemming
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jana Wiemann
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sven Sommerwerk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ioana Z Pavel
- Victor-Babes-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pathophysiology and Department of Pharmacognosy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., 30004, 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- University of Nizwa, Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, PO Box 33, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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32
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Medina-O'Donnell M, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Martinez A, Martin-Fonseca S, Garcia-Granados A, Ferrer-Martín RM, Lupiañez JA, Parra A. Semi-synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of PEGylated pentacyclic triterpenes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Gonçalves BMF, Salvador JAR, Marín S, Cascante M. Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel fluorinated asiatic acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:101-17. [PMID: 26974379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel fluorinated Asiatic Acid (AA) derivatives were successfully synthesized, tested for their antiproliferative activity against HeLa and HT-29 cell lines, and their structure activity relationships were evaluated. The great majority of fluorinated derivatives showed stronger antiproliferative activity than AA in a concentration dependent manner. The most active compounds have a pentameric A-ring containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group. The compounds with better cytotoxic activity were then evaluated against MCF-7, Jurkat, PC-3, A375, MIA PaCa-2 and BJ cell lines. Derivative 14 proved to be the most active compound among all tested derivatives and its mechanism of action was further investigated in HeLa cell line. The results showed that compound 14 induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 stage as a consequence of up-regulation of p21(cip1/waf1) and p27(kip1) and down-regulation of cyclin D3 and Cyclin E. Furthermore, compound 14 was found to induce caspase driven-apoptosis with activation of caspases-8 and caspase-3 and the cleavage of PARP. The cleavage of Bid into t-Bid, the up-regulation of Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 were also observed after treatment of HeLa cells with compound 14. Taken together, these mechanistic studies revealed the involvement of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in the apoptotic process induced by compound 14. Importantly, the antiproliferative activity of this compound on the non-tumor BJ human fibroblast cell line is weaker than in the tested cancer cell lines. The enhanced potency (between 45 and 90-fold more active than AA in a panel of cancer cell lines) and selectivity of this new AA derivative warrant further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M F Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Silvia Marín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit to CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and Associated Unit to CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
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34
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Wiemann J, Heller L, Csuk R. Targeting cancer cells with oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:907-909. [PMID: 26750249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic and ursolic acid derived hydroxamates were easily obtained from their parent compounds; they were screened for their cytotoxicity applying SRB assays employing several human tumor cell lines. Low EC50 values were determined for compounds in which the nitrogen as well as the oxygen in the hydroxamic acid part still holds acidic hydrogens. Thus, ursolic acid derived compounds having at least an OH and/or NH moiety in the hydroxamate part of the molecule showed good cytotoxicity but they are significantly less selective for the tumor cells than oleanolic acid derived compounds. Good results were determined for oleanolic acid derived 7 for tumor cell lines 518A2 (melanoma, EC50=3.3 μM), A2780 (ovarian carcinoma, EC50=3.4 μM) and HT29 (colon adenocarcinoma, EC50=5.6 μM) while being significantly less cytotoxic for fibroblasts (EC50=20.4 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wiemann
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Bereich Organische Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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35
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Cheng KG, Su CH, Huang JY, Wang HS, Liu J, Zheng YT, Chen ZF. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of several oleanolic acid–uracil/thymine conjugates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Some IC50 values of sixteen synthesized oleanolic acid–uracil/thymine hybrids were under 0.1 μM against tested cells (Hep-G2, A549, BGC-823, MCF-7 and PC-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Guang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Jia-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yuan-Ting Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
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36
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Gonçalves BMF, Salvador JAR, Santos DSM, Marín S, Cascante M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel asiatic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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37
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Betulinic acid derived hydroxamates and betulin derived carbamates are interesting scaffolds for the synthesis of novel cytotoxic compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 106:194-210. [PMID: 26547057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The betulinic acid-derived hydroxamates 5-18, the amides 19-24, and betulin-derived bis-carbamates 25-28 as well as the carbamates 31-40 and 44-48 were prepared and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in a photometric sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against several human cancer cell lines and nonmalignant mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). While for 3-O-acetyl hydroxamic acid 5 EC50 values as low as EC50 = 1.3 μM were found, N,O-bis-alkyl substituted hydroxamates showed lowered cytotoxicity (EC50 = 16-20 μM). In general, hydroxamic acid derivatives showed only reduced selectivity for tumor cells, except for allyl substituted compound 13 (EC50 = 5.9 μM for A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells and EC50 > 30 μM for nonmalignant mouse fibroblasts). The cytotoxicity of betulinic acid derived amides 19-24 and of betulin derived bis-carbamates 25-28 was low, except for N-ethyl substituted 25. Hexyl substituted 39 showed EC50 = 5.6 μM (518A2 cells) while for mouse fibroblasts EC50 > 30 was determined.
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38
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Fernández-Hernández A, Martinez A, Rivas F, García-Mesa JA, Parra A. Effect of the solvent and the sample preparation on the determination of triterpene compounds in two-phase olive-mill-waste samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4269-75. [PMID: 25773914 DOI: 10.1021/jf506171y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid extraction method has been employed to determine several value-added compounds, mainly triterpenes, in two-phase olive-mill-waste samples. The compounds were extracted with methanol or ethyl acetate, and the initial fresh samples were treated for classic techniques such as drying, drying and oil extraction, and drying and sifting of the olive stones. For the identification and quantitation of the compounds, an ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was employed. The best results of the triterpenic compound content were achieved by extraction with methanol from the fresh sample for the oleanolic and ursolic acids, and erythrodiol and uvaol; and from the dried-extracted sample for the maslinic acid. Conversely, the best results for the linoleic acid content were reached by extraction with ethyl acetate from the dried-sifted sample. These are remarkable processes that make the solid wastes from the olive-oil industry reach a high added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Fernández-Hernández
- †Centro "Venta del Llano" del Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Agroalimentaria, y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA), Mengíbar, 23620 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez
- ‡Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, ES-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Rivas
- ‡Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, ES-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose A García-Mesa
- †Centro "Venta del Llano" del Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Agroalimentaria, y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA), Mengíbar, 23620 Jaén, Spain
| | - Andres Parra
- ‡Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, ES-18071 Granada, Spain
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39
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Synthesis of oleanolic acid dimers linked at C-28 and evaluation of anti-tumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:480-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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