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Kamel EM, Alqhtani HA, Bin-Jumah M, Rudayni HA, El-Bassuony AA, Mokhtar Lamsabhi A. Deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of β-glucuronidase by xanthones from Centaurium spicatum. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107609. [PMID: 38964145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we scrutinized the inhibitory potential of five xanthones and a flavonoid, sourced from Centaurium spicatum, against β-glucuronidase activity. The results showed that gentisin and azaleatin emerged as the most potent inhibitors, with significantly lower IC50 values of 0.96 ± 0.10 and 0.57 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. The evaluation of enzyme kinetics unveiled that the isolated xanthones manifested inhibition of β-glucuronidase through a mixed inhibition mode, whereas azaleatin exhibited a noncompetitive inhibition mechanism. The findings from molecular docking analysis unveiled that the compounds under investigation, particularly azaleatin, displayed comparatively diminished binding affinities towards β-glucuronidase. Furthermore, the tested drugs were shown to occupy a common binding site as the employed reference drug. Our comprehensive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations analysis revealed consistent trajectories for the investigated drugs, wherein azaleatin and gentisin demonstrated notable stabilization of energy levels. Analysis of various MD parameters revealed that drugs with the lowest IC50 values maintained relatively stable interactions with β-glucuronidase. These drugs were shown to exert notable alterations in their conformation or flexibility upon complexation with the target enzyme. Conversely, the flexibility and accessibility of β-glucuronidase was reduced upon drug binding, particularly with azaleatin and gentisin, underscoring the stability of the drug-enzyme complexes. Analysis of Coul-SR and LJ-SR interaction energies unveiled consistent and stable interactions between certain isolated drugs and β-glucuronidase. Azaleatin notably displayed the lowest average Coul-SR interaction energy, suggesting strong electrostatic interactions with the enzyme's active site and significant conformational variability during simulation. Remarkably, LJ-SR interaction energies across different xanthones complexes were more negative than their Coul-SR counterparts, emphasizing the predominant role of van der Waals interactions, encompassing attractive dispersion and repulsive forces, in stabilizing the drug-enzyme complexes rather than electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Haifa A Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A El-Bassuony
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Alruhaimi RS, Mahmoud AM, Elbagory I, Ahmeda AF, El-Bassuony AA, Lamsabhi AM, Kamel EM. Unveiling the tyrosinase inhibitory potential of phenolics from Centaurium spicatum: Bridging in silico and in vitro perspectives. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107397. [PMID: 38691905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Phenolics, abundant in plants, constitute a significant portion of phytoconstituents consumed in the human diet. The phytochemical screening of the aerial parts of Centaurium spicatum led to the isolation of five phenolics. The anti-tyrosinase activities of the isolated compounds were assessed through a combination of in vitro experiments and multiple in silico approaches. Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques were utilized to figure out the binding interactions of the isolated phytochemicals with tyrosinase. The findings from molecular docking analysis revealed that the isolated phenolics were able to bind effectively to tyrosinase and potentially inhibit substrate binding, consequently diminishing the catalytic activity of tyrosinase. Among isolated compounds, cichoric acid displayed the lowest binding energy and the highest extent of polar interactions with the target enzyme. Analysis of MD simulation trajectories indicated that equilibrium was reached within 30 ns for all complexes of tyrosinase with the isolated phenolics. Among the five ligands studied, cichoric acid exhibited the lowest interaction energies, rendering its complex with tyrosinase the most stable. Considering these collective findings, cichoric acid emerges as a promising candidate for the design and development of a potential tyrosinase inhibitor. Furthermore, the in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity assay unveiled significant variations among the isolated compounds. Notably, cichoric acid exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect, as evidenced by the lowest IC50 value (7.92 ± 1.32 µg/ml), followed by isorhamnetin and gentiopicrin. In contrast, sinapic acid demonstrated the least inhibitory activity against tyrosinase, with the highest IC50 value. Moreover, cichoric acid exhibited a mixed inhibition mode against the hydrolysis of l-DOPA catalyzed by tyrosinase, with Ki value of 1.64. Remarkably, these experimental findings align well with the outcomes of docking and MD simulations, underscoring the consistency and reliability of our computational predictions with the actual inhibitory potential observed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Elbagory
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf A El-Bassuony
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Nabila, Ahmad M, Althobaiti AT, Ali W, Masood K, Ramadan MF, Chaudhary B, Zafar M, Akhtar MS, Sultana S, Zahmatkesh S, Mehmood T, Azam M, Asif S. Membrane-processed honey samples for pollen characterization with health benefits. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:137994. [PMID: 36720415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Better processing techniques must be utilized widely due to the rising demand for honey. The most common honey processing techniques are applied to melissopalynomorphs to check the quality and quantity of valuable honey using microporous ultrafiltration membranes. It is essential to have the ability to selectively filter out sugars from honey using ultrafiltration. This study authenticated 24 honey samples using membrane reactors ultrafiltration protocol to describe the pollen spectrum of dominant vegetation. The purpose of this study was also to explore nutritional benefits as well as the active phytochemical constituents of honey samples. Honey samples were collected and labeled Acacia, Eucalyptus, and Ziziphus species based on plant resources provided by local beekeepers. A variety of honeybee flora was collected around the apiaries between 2020 and 2021. Honey analysis revealed that the pollen extraction of 24 bee foraging species belonging to 14 families. The honey membrane technology verified the identities of honey and nectar sources. Also, pollen identified using honey ultrafiltration membranes revealed dominant resources: Acacia spp. (69%), Eucalyptus spp. (52%) and Ziziphus spp. Honey filtration using a membrane technology classified 14 samples as unifloral, represented by six dominant pollen types. The absolute pollen count in the honey sample revealed that 58.33% (n = 14) belong to Maurizio's class I. Scanning ultrasculpturing showed diverse exine patterns: reticulate, psilate, scabrate-verrucate, scabrate-gemmate, granulate, perforate, microechinate, microreticulate, and regulate to fossulate for correct identification of honey pollen types. Honey ultrafiltration should be utilized to validate the botanical sources of honey and trace their biogeographic authenticity. Thus, it is imperative to look at the alternative useful method to identify the botanical origin of filtered honey. It is critical to separate honey from adulteration by a standardized protocol. Membrane technology has yielded significant outcomes in the purification of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ashwaq T Althobaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahid Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khansa Masood
- School of Professional Advancement, University of Management and Technology, 54770 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bisha Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea.
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sasan Zahmatkesh
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mudassar Azam
- Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54800, Pakistan
| | - Saira Asif
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46300, Pakistan.
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Božunović J, Milutinović M, Aničić N, Skorić M, Matekalo D, Živković S, Dragićević M, Filipović B, Banjanac T, Petrović L, Mišić D. Functional Characterization of Genes Coding for Novel β-D-Glucosidases Involved in the Initial Step of Secoiridoid Glucosides Catabolism in Centaurium erythraea Rafn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:914138. [PMID: 35812935 PMCID: PMC9260424 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.914138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secoiridoid glucosides (SGs) are monoterpenoids derived from the iridoid cyclopentane-C-pyran skeleton with β-D glucose linked at C1 position. Coordinated metabolic processes, such as biosynthesis and catabolism of SGs, ensure constitutive presence of these bitter tasting compounds in plant tissues, which plays a decisive role in the defense against pathogens and herbivores. These compounds are susceptible to hydrolysis mediated by enzymes β-glucosidases, and the resulting aglycones are subsequently directed toward different metabolic pathways in plants. Function of two β-D-glucosidases (named CeBGlu1 and CeBGlu2) from centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn; fam. Gentianaceae), belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 1 (GH1) family, was confirmed using in vitro assays with recombinant proteins, following their heterologous expression in E. coli and His-tag affinity purification. Although they show slightly differential substrate preference, both isoforms display high specificity toward SGs and the organ-specific distribution of transcripts was positively correlated with the content of SGs in diploid and tetraploid C. erythraea plants. Transient overexpression of CeBGlu1 and CeBGlu2 in C. erythraea leaves induced changes in metabolite profiles. The effectiveness of transgene overexpression has been altered by plant ploidy. UHPLC/DAD/(±)HESI - MS2 profiling of leaves of diploid and tetraploid C. erythraea genotypes revealed that the amounts of major SGs; sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicrin was decreased in agroinfiltrated leaves, especially when CeBGlu1 and CeBGlu2 were co-expressed with transgene silencing suppressor p19. The work demonstrates that in planta metabolic engineering adopting transient overexpression of CeBGlu1 and CeBGlu2 is a suitable tool for the modulation of SGs content and glucosides/aglycones ratio, which might have substantial effects on overall phytochemistry of C. erythraea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dragana Matekalo
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Budniak L, Slobodianiuk L, Marchyshyn S, Demydiak O, Dakhym I. Determination of amino acids of some plants from Gentianaceae family. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e67052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicines from plants are widely used in the complex treatment of different diseases every day. Therefore, theoretical and practical interest is the in-depth study of the herb of perspective plants like Centaurium erythraea Rafn. and Gentiana cruciata L. These plants have a long history of usage and interest of people. The aim of the study was to determine the content of amino acids in these plants. The amino acids composition and content in the herb of study species of the family Gentianaceae determined by the HPLC method. The results of the research revealed that the raw material of Centaurium erythraea Rafn. and Gentiana cruciata L. contains free and bound amino acids. Sixteen free and seventeen bound amino acids were identified in the herb of Centaurium erythraea Rafn. The herb of Gentiana cruciata L. contained thirteen free and fifteen bound amino acids. L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, and L-cystine were predominant of Centaurium erythraea Rafn. herb. Amino acids L-lysine, L-serine, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine were present in the herb of Gentiana cruciata L. in the greatest amount. The metabolic processes in which these amino acids are involved connected to the medicinal properties of the study plants according to their use in official or nontraditional medicine.
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Pal PP, Shaik AB, Begum AS. Prospective Leads from Endophytic Fungi for Anti-Inflammatory Drug Discovery. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:941-959. [PMID: 32334437 DOI: 10.1055/a-1140-8388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide array of therapeutic effects has been exhibited by compounds isolated from natural sources. "Bio-actives of endophytic origin" is a recently explored area that came into recognition over the last 2 decades. Literature search on the secondary metabolites of endophytes have shown several pharmacologically active compounds especially anti-inflammatory compounds, which have been reviewed in the present paper. The article is structured based on the chemical classification of secondary metabolites. The compounds were identified to possess activity against a total of 16 anti-inflammatory targets. The most common targets involved were NO, TNF-α, and inhibition of total ROS. Further, the article gives a detailed insight into the compounds, their endophytic source, and anti-inflammatory target as well as potency. The contents of the article cover all the scientific reports published until Feb. 2019. Thus 118 compounds and 6 extracts have been reported to be obtained from endophytic sources showing anti-inflammatory activities. Amongst these, herbarin, periconianone A, and periconianone B were identified as the most potent compounds in terms of their IC50 values against NO inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Paramita Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Ameer Basha Shaik
- Department of Plant Pathology, Professor Jeyashanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - A Sajeli Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Secoiridoids Metabolism Response to Wounding in Common Centaury ( Centaurium erythraea Rafn) Leaves. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120589. [PMID: 31835780 PMCID: PMC6963686 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Centaurium erythraea Rafn produces and accumulates various biologically active specialized metabolites, including secoiridoid glucosides (SGs), which help plants to cope with unfavorable environmental conditions. Specialized metabolism is commonly modulated in a way to increase the level of protective metabolites, such as SGs. Here, we report the molecular background of the wounding-induced changes in SGs metabolism for the first time. The mechanical wounding of leaves leads to a coordinated up-regulation of SGs biosynthetic genes and corresponding JA-related transcription factors (TFs) after 24 h, which results in the increase of metabolic flux through the biosynthetic pathway and, finally, leads to the elevated accumulation of SGs 96 h upon injury. The most pronounced increase in relative expression was detected for secologanin synthase (CeSLS), highlighting this enzyme as an important point for the regulation of biosynthetic flux through the SG pathway. A similar expression pattern was observed for CeBIS1, imposing itself as the TF that is prominently involved in wound-induced regulation of SGs biosynthesis genes. The high degree of positive correlations between and among the biosynthetic genes and targeted TFs expressions indicate the transcriptional regulation of SGs biosynthesis in response to wounding with a significant role of CeBIS1, which is a known component of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway.
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Matekalo D, Skorić M, Nikolić T, Novaković L, Lukić M, Božunović J, Aničić N, Filipović B, Mišić D. Organ-specific and genotype-dependent constitutive biosynthesis of secoiridoid glucosides in Centaurium erythraea Rafn, and its elicitation with methyl jasmonate. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 155:69-82. [PMID: 30077897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While bioactive properties of Centaurium erythraea Rafn secoiridoid glucosides (SG) are widely recognized, many aspects related to their biochemistry, metabolism and relationship to the overall plant physiology are not yet understood. Here we present for the first time an insight into the molecular background of organ-specific and genotype-dependent constitutive biosynthesis of secoiridoids in C. erythraea, by comparing chemical profiles and secoiridoid glucosides-related gene expression. Genes encoding enzymes for intermediate steps of secoiridoids biosynthesis up to secologanin have been identified by analysing transcriptomic data from C. erythraea leaves. Results suggest an organ-specific capacity for the production and accumulation of secoiridoid glucosides, and highlight leaves as the main biosynthesis site. They also point out that significant differences in SG content among various C. erythraea genotypes, are, at least partially, determined by different expression patterns of SG-related genes. The biosynthesis of SG in C. erythraea leaves is enhanced upon treatments with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which causes reprogramming of SG-related gene expression, leading to an increased production of valuable bioactive compounds. The present study unveiled several rate-limiting genes (encoding GES, G8O, 8HGO, IS and 7DLGT) in SG biosynthesis. SLS and CPR are highlighted as important genes/enzymes that might regulate biosynthetic flux through SG pathway. Information gathered within this study will help us gain deeper insight into the SG metabolism and develop strategies for enhanced biosynthesis of specific secoiridoid glucosides in homologous or heterologous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Matekalo
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Nikolić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Novaković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milana Lukić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Božunović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Aničić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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