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Otlu B, Esenay FI. Use of Mothers Milk Odor and White Noise on Pain Management in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Adv Neonatal Care 2024:00149525-990000000-00164. [PMID: 39681072 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pain experienced by preterm infants during hospitalization is significant due to its short and long-term negative consequences. PURPOSE This randomized controlled trial examined the effect of the mother's own milk odor and white noise on pain management during heel lance in preterms. METHODS The data were collected in the neonatal intensive care unit and postpartum services between May and October 2022. The study included 66 infants born between 34 and 37 weeks. Infants were randomly assigned to either the mother's own milk odor, white noise, or control groups. Data were collected using the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised Form, Descriptive Information Form, and Follow-Up Chart. Pain was evaluated 5 and 2 minutes before the procedure, at the time and 5 minutes after the procedure by 2 independent nursing academicians/lecturers through video recordings. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and repeated measures were used for data analysis. RESULTS All groups were similar regarding the descriptive characteristics. The control group had higher heart rates before and after the procedure than the mother's own milk odor and white noise group. Oxygen saturation was higher and pain scores were lower in the white noise and mother's own milk odor group compared to the control group during and after the procedure. There was no difference between the mother's milk odor and white noise groups at any time. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH The odor of the mother's milk and white noise may effectively manage pain during heel lance in preterms. Neonatal nurses can adopt these methods as effective non-pharmacological pain management methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Otlu
- Author Affiliations: Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Dışkapı Campus, Ankara, Turkey (Ms Otlu); and Faculty of Nursing, Ankara University, Altındağ, Dışkapı, Turkey (Dr Esenay)
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Bali Bilgi O, Acikgoz A, Cakirli M. The Effect of Olfactory Stimulation on Growth Parameters in Newborn Infants: A Systematic Review. Breastfeed Med 2024. [PMID: 39659255 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2024.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Olfactory stimulation can be used for many purposes, such as providing comfort, improving sleep, and reducing pain in newborns. However, there are only a few studies in the literature examining the effect of olfactory stimulation on newborn growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of olfactory stimulation on growth parameters of newborns. Method: This systematic review used the PRISMA checklist. No date limitation was applied, and all studies were considered for inclusion. Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline databases were used for the search. Results: A total of 367 publications were found in the search. Eight studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The olfactory stimulations applied were maternal odor, maternal milk odor, cinnamon, aniseed, vanilla, and formula milk odors. Olfactory stimulation was found to have a positive effect on the weight gain of newborns in three of the eight studies, and maternal odor and maternal milk odor were used in these studies. In two of the three studies evaluating the effect of maternal odor and maternal milk olfactory stimulation on the height of newborns, the result was found to be significant. The effect of maternal milk olfactory stimulation on head circumference was found to be significant in one of the two studies. Conclusion and Recommendation: Maternal odorand maternal milk odor may have a positive effect on newborn growth parameters. Further studies on this subject are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyku Bali Bilgi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Disease Nursing, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Acikgoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Disease Nursing, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Merve Cakirli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Disease Nursing, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Hinz C, Heep A, Plösch T, Huber J, Lange M. Review identifies odorants used in neonatal clinical care but identifies need for further research. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:2216-2219. [PMID: 38940201 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Hinz
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Osietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Axel Heep
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Osietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- University Clinic for Children and Adolescent Medicine 'Elisabeth Krankenhaus', Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Osietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Huber
- University Clinic for Children and Adolescent Medicine 'Elisabeth Krankenhaus', Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lange
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Osietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- University Clinic for Children and Adolescent Medicine 'Elisabeth Krankenhaus', Oldenburg, Germany
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Sharma A, Kumar R, Varadwaj P. Smelling the Disease: Diagnostic Potential of Breath Analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:321-347. [PMID: 36729362 PMCID: PMC9893210 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis is a relatively recent field of research with much promise in scientific and clinical studies. Breath contains endogenously produced volatile organic components (VOCs) resulting from metabolites of ingested precursors, gut and air-passage bacteria, environmental contacts, etc. Numerous recent studies have suggested changes in breath composition during the course of many diseases, and breath analysis may lead to the diagnosis of such diseases. Therefore, it is important to identify the disease-specific variations in the concentration of breath to diagnose the diseases. In this review, we explore methods that are used to detect VOCs in laboratory settings, VOC constituents in exhaled air and other body fluids (e.g., sweat, saliva, skin, urine, blood, fecal matter, vaginal secretions, etc.), VOC identification in various diseases, and recently developed electronic (E)-nose-based sensors to detect VOCs. Identifying such VOCs and applying them as disease-specific biomarkers to obtain accurate, reproducible, and fast disease diagnosis could serve as an alternative to traditional invasive diagnosis methods. However, the success of VOC-based identification of diseases is limited to laboratory settings. Large-scale clinical data are warranted for establishing the robustness of disease diagnosis. Also, to identify specific VOCs associated with illness states, extensive clinical trials must be performed using both analytical instruments and electronic noses equipped with stable and precise sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sharma
- Systems Biology Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Pritish Varadwaj
- Systems Biology Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Gore MR. Olfactory Radioanatomical Findings in Patients With Cardiac Arrhythmias, COVID-19, and Healthy Controls. Cureus 2022; 14:e26564. [PMID: 35799980 PMCID: PMC9253929 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical hyposmia and anosmia are commonly seen, most frequently with either post-inflammatory, age-related, or idiopathic causes being most frequent. Actual anatomical abnormalities of the olfactory groove or olfactory bulb are far less common. A recent case report showing a possible link between congenital olfactory bulb agenesis and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome suggested that there may be a relationship between cardiac arrhythmia and olfactory bulb development. While Kallmann syndrome (KS) is the classic syndrome involving olfactory bulb agenesis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, this case report and a prior report noting isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome suggest there may be more rare associations between cardiac arrhythmia and olfactory groove abnormalities. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to attempt to elucidate whether there may be a link between cardiac arrhythmias and olfactory anatomical abnormalities. The olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) of 44 patients with cardiac arrhythmias were compared to 43 healthy control patients. Additionally, 11 patients with acute COVID-19 were also compared in those groups. Patients were seen between September and December 2020. Available MRI images were utilized. Results The average right and left olfactory bulb volume was 29.42±18.17 mm3 and 25.67±15.29 mm3 for patients with cardiac arrhythmia, 40.79±30.65 mm3 and 38.95±21.87mm3 for healthy controls, and 21.30±15.23 mm3 and 17.75±9.63 mm3 for COVID-19 patients. The average right and left olfactory sulcus depth was 7.68±1.31 mm and 7.47±1.56 mm for patients with cardiac arrhythmia, 10.67±1.53 mm and 10.62±1.67 mm for controls, and 7.91±0.99 mm and 8.02±0.88 mm for COVID-19 patients. The right and left olfactory bulb volume difference versus controls was significant for cardiac arrhythmia patients (p=0.028 and p=0.0038) and for COVID-19 patients (p=0.047 and p=0.0029), and the right and left olfactory sulcus depth difference versus controls was significant for cardiac arrhythmia patients (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001) and for COVID-19 patients (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001). Both COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmia patients were, on average, significantly older than controls. On multivariate analysis, cardiac arrhythmia or COVID-19 diagnosis did not significantly correlate with smaller olfactory bulb volume, but older age, cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis, and COVID-19 diagnosis did significantly correlate with smaller olfactory sulcus depth. On multivariate analysis, older age was significantly correlated with cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis and COVID-19 diagnosis. Conclusions Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in both cardiac arrhythmia and COVID-19 patients appeared significantly smaller than in controls. Cardiac arrhythmia and COVID-19 patients were significantly older than controls. Age, as well as genetic predisposition, may contribute to a difference in the radiographic olfactory anatomical findings in patients with cardiac arrhythmias and COVID-19.
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Abstract
Developing organs are shaped, in part, by physical interaction with their environment in the embryo. In recent years, technical advances in live-cell imaging and material science have greatly expanded our understanding of the mechanical forces driving organ formation. Here, we provide a broad overview of the types of forces generated during embryonic development and then focus on a subset of organs underlying our senses: the eyes, inner ears, nose and skin. The epithelia in these organs emerge from a common origin: the ectoderm germ layer; yet, they arrive at unique and complex forms over developmental time. We discuss exciting recent animal studies that show a crucial role for mechanical forces in, for example, the thickening of sensory placodes, the coiling of the cochlea and the lengthening of hair. Finally, we discuss how microfabricated organoid systems can now provide unprecedented insights into the physical principles of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Phuong Le
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karl R. Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Dubrovskaya NM, Vasilev DS, Tumanova NL, Alekseeva OS, Nalivaeva NN. Prenatal Hypoxia Impairs Olfactory Function in Postnatal Ontogeny in Rats. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 52:262-270. [PMID: 35317268 PMCID: PMC8930458 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-022-01233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Dubrovskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D. S. Vasilev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. L. Tumanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. S. Alekseeva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. N. Nalivaeva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Petitpierre G, Dind J, De Blasio C, Gremaud G. Odour detection in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 35:519-530. [PMID: 34859541 PMCID: PMC9299868 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfaction provides information on very important dimensions of the environment; however the olfactory abilities of children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) remain largely unknown. This within-subjects study explores olfactory detection abilities in children with PIMD. METHOD Twenty-two children and young people with PIMD (7-18 years) were presented with 18 medium intensity odours and an odourless control stimulus. Odorants were presented one by one in a randomised order. The neutral stimulus was presented prior to each odorant. Participants' responses were measured using 21 behavioural indicators. RESULTS Results show that participants make a clear distinction between odorous and neutral conditions, between food and non-food, and between pleasant and unpleasant odours. The detection abilities are manifested by several behaviours, in particular by the duration of the head alignment on the odorant. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that participants detect the stimuli and act differently depending on the category.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliane Dind
- Department of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Catherine De Blasio
- Department of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Germaine Gremaud
- Department of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Lyons-Warren AM, Herman I, Hunt PJ, Arenkiel BR. A systematic-review of olfactory deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders: From mouse to human. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:110-121. [PMID: 33610612 PMCID: PMC8142839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory impairment is a common clinical motif across neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting olfactory circuits are particularly vulnerable to disease processes and can provide insight into underlying disease mechanisms. The mouse olfactory bulb is an ideal model system to study mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disease due to its anatomical accessibility, behavioral relevance, ease of measuring circuit input and output, and the feature of adult neurogenesis. Despite the clinical relevance and experimental benefits, olfactory testing across animal models of neurodevelopmental disease has been inconsistent and non-standardized. Here we performed a systematic literature review of olfactory function testing in mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders, and identified intriguing inconsistencies that include evidence for both increased and decreased acuity in odor detection in various mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Based on our identified gaps in the literature, we recommend direct comparison of different mouse models of ASD using standardized tests for odor detection and discrimination. This review provides a framework to guide future olfactory function testing in mouse models of neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Lyons-Warren
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience; Clinical Care Center, Suite 1250, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America;,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Isabella Herman
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience; Clinical Care Center, Suite 1250, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America;,Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Hunt
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America;,Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America;,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Sarnat HB, Flores-Sarnat L. Survey on Olfactory Testing by Pediatric Neurologists: Is the Olfactory a "True" Cranial Nerve? J Child Neurol 2020; 35:317-321. [PMID: 31910727 DOI: 10.1177/0883073819896513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The olfactory nerve was conceptualized in the 4th century BC by Alcmaeon and described anatomically by Winslow in 1733. Cranial nerves (CNs) were named and numbered by Soemmerring in 1791. Notions still prevail that the olfactory (CN1) is not a "true" cranial nerve. METHODS To confirm our impression that the olfactory nerve is infrequently tested by North American pediatric neurologists, a survey was distributed to members of national pediatric neurology societies in Mexico, Canada, and the United States. A total of 233 responses were received to 6 multiple-choice questions regarding practice patterns examining CN1 in neonates and children and in metabolic, endocrine, and genetic disorders and cerebral malformations. Two of the questions addressed familiarity with neonatal olfactory reflexes and asked whether the olfactory is a "true" cranial nerve. RESULTS Only 16% to 24% of North American pediatric neurologists examine CN1 in neonates, even in conditions in which olfaction may be impaired. About 40% of respondents were aware of olfactory reflexes. A minority 15% did not consider CN1 as a "true" cranial nerve. CONCLUSIONS Olfactory evaluation in neonates is simple, rapid, and inexpensive. It tests parts of the brain not otherwise examined. It may assist diagnosis in cerebral malformations; metabolic, endocrine, and hypoxic encephalopathies; and some genetic diseases, including chromosomopathies. CN1 is neuroanatomically unique and fulfills criteria of a true sensory cranial nerve. We recommend that olfaction be routinely or selectively included during neurologic examination of neonates and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey B Sarnat
- Departments of Paediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology), University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura Flores-Sarnat
- Departments of Paediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (Owerko Centre), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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